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200 results on '"Massimo Manghisoni"'

1. A 64k pixel CMOS-DEPFET module for the soft X-rays DSSC imager operating at MHz-frame rates

Author

Stefano Maffessanti, Karsten Hansen, Stefan Aschauer, Andrea Castoldi, Florian Erdinger, Carlo Fiorini, Peter Fischer, Pradeep Kalavakuru, Helmut Klär, Massimo Manghisoni, Christian Reckleben, Lothar Strüder, and Matteo Porro

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The 64k pixel DEPFET module is the key sensitive component of the DEPFET Sensor with Signal Compression (DSSC), a large area 2D hybrid detector for capturing and measuring soft X-rays at the European XFEL. The final 1-megapixel camera has to detect photons with energies between $$250\,\text{eV}$$ 250 eV and $$6\,\text{keV}$$ 6 keV , and must provide a peak frame rate of $$4.5\,\text{MHz}$$ 4.5 MHz to cope with the unique bunch structure of the European XFEL. This work summarizes the functionalities and properties of the first modules assembled with full-format CMOS-DEPFET arrays, featuring $$512\,\times \,128$$ 512 × 128 hexagonally-shaped pixels with a side length of 136 μm. The pixel sensors utilize the DEPFET technology to realize an extremely low input capacitance for excellent energy resolution and, at the same time, an intrinsic capability of signal compression without any gain switching. Each pixel of the readout ASIC includes a DEPFET-bias current cancellation circuitry, a trapezoidal-shaping filter, a 9-bit ADC and a 800-word long digital memory. The trimming, calibration and final characterization were performed in a laboratory test-bench at DESY. All detector features are assessed at $$18\,^{\circ }\text{C}$$ 18 ∘ C . An outstanding equivalent noise charge of $$9.8$$ 9.8 e−rms is achieved at 1.1-MHz frame rate and gain of 26.8 Analog-to-Digital Unit per keV ( $$\,\text {ADU}/\text{keV}$$ ADU / keV ). At $$4.5\,\text{MHz}$$ 4.5 MHz and $$3.1\,\,\text {ADU}/\text{keV}$$ 3.1 ADU / keV , a noise of $$25.5$$ 25.5 e−rms and a dynamic range of $$26\,\text{k}\text {e}^{-}$$ 26 ke - are obtained. The highest dynamic range of $$1.345\,\text{M}\text {e}^{-}$$ 1.345 Me - is reached at $$2.25\,\text{MHz}$$ 2.25 MHz and $$1.6\,\text {ADU}/\text{keV}$$ 1.6 ADU / keV . These values can fulfill the specification of the DSSC project.

Published
2023
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2. Megahertz-rate ultrafast X-ray scattering and holographic imaging at the European XFEL

Author

Nanna Zhou Hagström, Michael Schneider, Nico Kerber, Alexander Yaroslavtsev, Erick Burgos Parra, Marijan Beg, Martin Lang, Christian M. Günther, Boris Seng, Fabian Kammerbauer, Horia Popescu, Matteo Pancaldi, Kumar Neeraj, Debanjan Polley, Rahul Jangid, Stjepan B. Hrkac, Sheena K. K. Patel, Sergei Ovcharenko, Diego Turenne, Dmitriy Ksenzov, Christine Boeglin, Marina Baidakova, Clemens von Korff Schmising, Martin Borchert, Boris Vodungbo, Kai Chen, Chen Luo, Florin Radu, Leonard Müller, Miriam Martínez Flórez, André Philippi-Kobs, Matthias Riepp, Wojciech Roseker, Gerhard Grübel, Robert Carley, Justine Schlappa, Benjamin E. Van Kuiken, Rafael Gort, Laurent Mercadier, Naman Agarwal, Loïc Le Guyader, Giuseppe Mercurio, Martin Teichmann, Jan Torben Delitz, Alexander Reich, Carsten Broers, David Hickin, Carsten Deiter, James Moore, Dimitrios Rompotis, Jinxiong Wang, Daniel Kane, Sandhya Venkatesan, Joachim Meier, Florent Pallas, Tomasz Jezynski, Maximilian Lederer, Djelloul Boukhelef, Janusz Szuba, Krzysztof Wrona, Steffen Hauf, Jun Zhu, Martin Bergemann, Ebad Kamil, Thomas Kluyver, Robert Rosca, Michał Spirzewski, Markus Kuster, Monica Turcato, David Lomidze, Andrey Samartsev, Jan Engelke, Matteo Porro, Stefano Maffessanti, Karsten Hansen, Florian Erdinger, Peter Fischer, Carlo Fiorini, Andrea Castoldi, Massimo Manghisoni, Cornelia Beatrix Wunderer, Eric E. Fullerton, Oleg G. Shpyrko, Christian Gutt, Cecilia Sanchez-Hanke, Hermann A. Dürr, Ezio Iacocca, Hans T. Nembach, Mark W. Keller, Justin M. Shaw, Thomas J. Silva, Roopali Kukreja, Hans Fangohr, Stefan Eisebitt, Mathias Kläui, Nicolas Jaouen, Andreas Scherz, Stefano Bonetti, and Emmanuelle Jal

Subjects
xfel, holography, magnetic x-ray scattering, soft x-rays, ultrafast x-ray imaging, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented. The experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at megahertz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector, are illustrated. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range.

Published
2022
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8. CHIPIX65: Developments on a new generation pixel readout ASIC in CMOS 65 nm for HEP experiments.

Author

N. Demaria, G. Dellacasa, G. Mazza, Angelo Rivetti, Manuel D. Da Rocha Rolo, E. Monteil, L. Pacher, Fabio Ciciriello, Francesco Corsi, Cristoforo Marzocca, G. De Roberts, F. Loddo, C. Tamma, Marta Bagatin, D. Bisello, Simone Gerardin, S. Mattiazzo, L. Ding, Piero Giubilato, Alessandro Paccagnella, Francesco De Canio, Luigi Gaioni, Massimo Manghisoni, Valerio Re, Gianluca Traversi, Elisa Riceputi, Lodovico Ratti, Carla Vacchi, Roberto Beccherle, Guido Magazzù, M. Minuti, Fabio Morsani, Fabrizio Palla, Valentino Liberali, Seyedruhollah Shojaii, Alberto Stabile, Gian Mario Bilei, Mauro Menichelli, Elia Conti, Sara Marconi, D. Passen, and Pisana Placidi

Published
2015
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11. Optimization of the 65-nm CMOS Linear Front-End Circuit for the CMS Pixel Readout at the HL-LHC

Author

Massimo Manghisoni, S. Garbolino, Gianluca Traversi, L. Ratti, E. Riceputi, G. Dellacasa, Valerio Re, Natale Demaria, Luigi Gaioni, and F. Rotondo

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Transconductance, Detector, Chip, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Front and back ends, ionizing radiation effects, Upgrade, CMOS front-end electronics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, CMOS, high-luminosity large hadron collider (HL-LHC), pixel readout chip, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, low-noise analog front-end
Abstract

The linear front-end is the analog processor chosen for the final integration into the pixel readout chip for the high-luminosity upgrade of the CMS experiment at the large hadron collider. The front-end has been included in the RD53A chip, designed by the CERN RD53 collaboration and submitted in 2017. An optimized version of the front-end has been designed, submitted, and tested in the framework of the RD53B developments. The optimization is mainly concerned with the time-walk performance of the front-end and with its threshold tuning capabilities. The article describes in detail such design improvements together with the results from the characterization of a small prototype chip including a 16 $\times $ 16 pixel matrix featuring both the RD53A and RD53B versions of the front-end. Test results show a significant reduction, about 10 ns for input signals close to the threshold, of the time-walk in the RD53B front-end, featuring a threshold dispersion smaller than 65 electrons r.m.s. after exposure to a total ionizing dose of 1 Grad of X-rays.

Published
2021

12. Low-Noise Analog Channel for the Readout of the Si(Li) Detector of the GAPS Experiment

Author

Massimo Manghisoni, M. Sonzogni, E. Riceputi, Valerio Re, Lorenzo Fabris, and L. Ratti

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, CMOS, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, dynamic signal compression, front-end, low-noise, Signal compression, STRIPS, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Block (data storage), Communication channel
Abstract

This work is focused on the design and the experimental characterization of an analog channel developed for the readout of lithium-drifted silicon detectors of the General AntiParticle Spectrometer (GAPS) experiment aimed at the search for dark matter. The instrument is designed for the identification of antideuteron particles from cosmic rays during an Antarctic balloon mission scheduled for late 2022. A low-noise analog front-end, featuring a dynamic signal compression to comply with the wide input range, has been designed in commercial 180-nm CMOS technology. The channel was fabricated in 2018 and is the first building block toward the development of a multichannel readout ASIC. The article will provide a description of the design criteria, the architecture of the channel, and a summary of the results of the experimental characterization.

Published
2021

13. Comments by the Senior Editor

Author

Gian-Franco Dalla Betta, Adriana Morana, Barbara Obryk, Maria Grazia Pia, Sara Pozzi, Lei Raymond Cao, Sacit Cetiner, Peter Jansson, Massimo Manghisoni, Richard Kouzes, and Abdallah Lyoussi

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Published
2022

14. Threshold tuning DACs for pixel readout chips at the High Luminosity LHC

Author

Gianluca Traversi, Valerio Re, Lodovico Ratti, E. Riceputi, Luigi Gaioni, and Massimo Manghisoni

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, 01 natural sciences, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Current mirror, CMOS front-end electronics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electronic engineering, Low threshold, Instrumentation, Physics, Current DACs, Large Hadron Collider, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dynamic range, Transistor, Converters, Chip, CMOS, High Luminosity LHC, Threshold tuning
Abstract

This work is concerned with the design and the characterization of digital-to-analog current converters, developed in a 65 nm CMOS technology, conceived for threshold tuning of front-end channels at the High-Luminosity LHC experiment upgrades. Two DAC designs were integrated in a small prototype chip, that was submitted in August 2018 in the framework of the RD53 developments. One of the DAC designs features a binary weighted architecture implemented with cascoded current mirrors and no dummy transistors, whereas the second one, sharing the same architecture, exploits regular current mirrors with dummy transistors. The prototype has been tested before and after exposure to X-rays up to a TID of 460 Mrad(SiO2). The main performance parameters of the two structures, namely DAC dynamic range, INL and DNL, are compared and discussed in the paper.

Published
2020

15. Beam test performance of prototype silicon detectors for the Outer Tracker for the Phase-2 Upgrade of CMS

Author

Viktor Veszpremi, A. Benecke, Stefanos Leontsinis, Chayanit Asawatangtrakuldee, Marko Dragicevic, Dustin Burns, Urs Langenegger, Gregor Kasieczka, Kevin Mcdermott, V. Kutzner, Ali Harb, Stephane Detraz, Gaelle Boudoul, P. Dené, Pieter David, Olga Evdokimov, Livio Fanò, Roberto Covarelli, S. Martiradonna, S. Roy Chowdhury, A. Prosser, Geetika Jain, S. Cerchi, Caleb Fangmeier, Frédéric Robert, Martin Delcourt, Julie Managan Hogan, John Gabriel Acosta, Kristian Harder, Maximilian Knut Kiesel, William J Spalding, Laura Borrello, Hugo Delannoy, E. SØrensen Bols, Ian R Tomalin, P. Van Mulders, Filippo Bosi, Simone Paoletti, J. Thieman, Massimo Manghisoni, Laurent Thomas, Marcos Fernandez, Jasper Lauwers, Jason Cole, Matej Roguljic, F. Loddo, Suchandra Dutta, Giulio Mandorli, Guido Tonelli, A. Zuber, Tuure Tuuva, Margaret Zientek, L. Kottelat, Mujahid Abbas, Seth Moortgat, L. Perera, Andrey Popov, Georg Auzinger, S. Krutelyov, Peter R Hobson, D. Ceresa, Bora Akgun, Xin Chen, A. Moggi, Torben Lange, M. Alhusseini, Aliakbar Ebrahimi, Enrico Robutti, E. Bartz, Aristotelis Kyriakis, D. Schell, H. Steininger, Beat H. Meier, Francesco Fiori, J. L. Dulemba, Kevin Nash, Alexander Dierlamm, Ferenc Sikler, Gourab Saha, Valentina Dutta, Caroline Elisabeth Niniane Niemeyer, Miaoyuan Liu, R. Mankel, E. Voirin, N. Hinton, Katja Klein, R. F. Harr, U. Goerlach, W. T. Ford, M. A. Saizu, Luca Guzzi, E. Mazzoni, Andrea Giammanco, Ilya Kravchenko, Oliver Pooth, Nikkie Deelen, A. Onnela, N. Lumb, G. Galbit, R. Jaramillo Echeverria, D. Koukola, B. Nodari, Mauro Menichelli, Roland Horisberger, Piergiulio Lenzi, Salvatore My, A. Rinkevicius, Asit Ranjan Ghosh, James Dolen, Freya Blekman, Q. Piazza, C. Rude, James Keaveney, Andreas Hinzmann, Elisa Manoni, Nicolas Chanon, Rudy Ceccarelli, Benedikt Vormwald, J. N. Butler, Bugra Bilin, Donato Creanza, Laurent Mirabito, Steven Lowette, D. J. Summers, Daniele Pedrini, W. Beaumont, Michele Caselle, Gino Bolla, F. Bögelspacher, Dan Quach, D. White, Paolo Petagna, G. Pierschel, Jan Troska, Robert Bainbridge, Petar Maksimovic, Roberto Mulargia, Erika Garutti, R. Stever, Maria Teresa Grippo, S. Seif El Nasr-storey, D. Blöch, Giancarlo Mantovani, Jory Sonneveld, M. Neufeld, Natalia Emriskova, Abhisek Datta, Fabrizio Palla, T. Boccali, David Cussans, R. Beccherle, Ettore Focardi, D. di Calafiori, Tongguang Cheng, Sergo Jindariani, J. Schwandt, Thea Klaeboe Aarrestad, Petra Merkel, De Hua Zhu, Georg Steinbrück, Robert Stone, Haiyan Wang, Quan Wang, Konrad Deiters, Graham Wilson, S. Orfanelli, F. Raffaelli, Eric Spencer, Steve Schnetzer, Klaas Padeken, Barbara Clerbaux, J. Duarte Campderros, P. Vischia, R. L. Lander, L. Ardila, Lea Caminada, D. Di Croce, A. Stahl, Nicola Bacchetta, Amitabh Lath, Simon Kudella, S. Kyre, Roland Koppenhöfer, Rong-Shyang Lu, Alessandro Caratelli, Natale Demaria, Patrizia Azzi, Valerio Re, Luciano Di Fiore, E. Dangelser, Werner Lustermann, Andromachi Tsirou, Daniel Pitzl, M. Krauth, Joaquin Emilo Siado, N. Tonon, Y. Allard, Yuta Takahashi, Claude Amsler, Sarah Freed, Yang Yang, Sioni Summers, F. Palmonari, Sandra Oliveros, Florencia Canelli, C. Mills, C. Bonnin, Johannes Haller, Johannes Schulz, Branislav Ristic, Laurent Favart, S. Y. Hoh, J. De Clercq, R. Bhattacharya, S. Bizzaglia, T. Gadek, Melissa Quinnan, Leonardo Giannini, Savvas Kyriacou, Irene Zoi, Cristina Tuve, Alexander Pauls, Emyr Clement, Felix Bachmair, Marius Teroerde, Christopher Hill, M. Matulik, Garrett Funk, Mario Masciovecchio, D. E. Pellett, J. Chramowicz, Huilin Qu, Martin Lipinski, Joze Zobec, Steve Nahn, Marco Meschini, A. Marchioro, Francois Vasey, D. Braga, Ulrich Heintz, Bjorn Burkle, Maria Ionica, C. Barth, Inna Makarenko, Ryan Rivera, Georgios Krintiras, L. Gross, A. Froehlich, Giacomo Fedi, A. Evdokimov, C. M. Lei, Giorgia Rauco, Nicola Pozzobon, Kirti Ranjan, D. Gelé, Reza Goldouzian, Giuseppe Barbagli, Lorenzo Bianchini, A. Bakshi, S. Schael, Jorgen D'Hondt, Carlo Civinini, Satoshi Hasegawa, Mark Pesaresi, Jeong-Eun Lee, A. Di Salvo, Dinko Ferencek, Kevin Sung, N. Frank, M. Miñano Moya, P. Steck, Tim Ziemons, Luigi Moroni, U. Roeser, E. Albert, J. E. Ramirez Vargas, Paolo Dini, Fabio Ravera, Maren Tabea Meinhard, T. Mitchell, Bahareh Roozbahani, S. Los, S. Streuli, Renato Potenza, Elisabetta Gallo, Arianna Morozzi, F. Perez Gomez, G. Baldinelli, Valentina Mariani, Ivan Shvetsov, G. Hugo, Hans-Christian Kaestli, Guenter Eckerlin, Weinan Si, Paula Eerola, Jesper Roy Christiansen, Daniele Spiga, G. Fluegge, J. Alexander, G. M. Bilei, David Jonathan Hofman, Ricardo Eusebi, O. Rieger, C.R. Strohman, W. S. Hou, K. Cichy, Atanu Modak, S. Marconi, S. Sroka, G. Mazza, T. Liu, Merve Ince, Maurizio Biasini, A. Yagil, Sinan Sagir, Andrea Rodriguez Perez, Avto Kharchilava, Jelena Luetic, Tapio Lampén, Claudia Cecchi, J. Daguin, A. L. Virto, C. Kleinwort, Douglas Berry, Frank Golf, J. Bendotti, Christian Dziwok, G. De Robertis, G. Dellacasa, Moritz Guthoff, Marc Weber, Paolo Gunnellini, L. Farnesini, Eija Tuominen, Y. Nissan, Yanwen Liu, P. Schuetze, Amandeep Kaur Kalsi, Leonard Spiegel, S. Timpone, Roberto Dell'Orso, Konstantinos Manolopoulos, Georgios Anagnostou, Melody A. Swartz, Maxwell Chertok, W. De Boer, Danek Kotlinski, Lorenzo Uplegger, Jan Hoss, R. Maier, K. Bösiger, Mauro Emanuele Dinardo, Jose Monroy, Nhan Viet Tran, T. Nussbaum, H. Gonzalez, Nicolas Röwert, Kevin Burkett, Elisabetta Manca, Christoph Grab, W. Deng, Quentin Python, Joe Incandela, R. Puente Rico, Regina Demina, Louis Moureaux, Christian Autermann, A. Weddigen, Rainer Wallny, Ernesto Migliore, Hans-Jürgen Simonis, T. Barvich, A. Filenius, Didier Contardo, Robert Klanner, Alessio Magitteri, Andreas Nürnberg, J. Voelker, Patrick Asenov, R. Mendis, Giacomo Bruno, Giovanna Selvaggi, Francesco Brivio, R. Gajanec, Kristian Allan Hahn, Adrian Perieanu, Jane Nachtman, Angelo Rivetti, Kenneth Bloom, M. Mrowietz, L. Perozzi, David Vannerom, D. Moya, Emily MacDonald, Oliver Sander, Stephane Perries, Anna Kropivnitskaya, Rachel Bartek, M. Matysek, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, J. O. Gosewisch, Pascal Vanlaer, C. Hoad, Erik Brücken, Daniele Passeri, S. Macauda, P. Assiouras, Vasilije Perovic, Thomas James, Roberto Leonardi, Gervasio Gomez, F.J. Gonzalez Sanchez, W. E. Johns, Hannsjoerg Artur Weber, Gordon H. Hanson, G. Bagliesi, Danilo Meuser, G. Altopp, V. Hinger, M. S. Meyer, Devdatta Majumder, Meenakshi Narain, Christina Snyder, Kevin Stenson, Erich Schmitz, C. Muhl, G. Bourgatte, Erik Butz, Lutz Feld, G. Baulieu, Marc Osherson, Y. Bordlemay Padilla, Xavier Coubez, Philip Baringer, L. Djambazov, W. Hulek, Fengwangdong Zhang, Souvik Das, A. Gandrakotra, Vitaliano Ciulli, Fabio Morsani, Finn Feindt, Yi-ting Duh, H. Maser, H. Postema, Yasar Onel, Thomas Eichhorn, D. Deyrail, Paolo Azzurri, J. L. Agram, Tamás Álmos Vámi, Hugues Brun, Alexx Perloff, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Andrey Ostapchuk, Roberto Tenchini, M. Brianzi, T. Dupasquier, Charles Harrington, S. Maier, Panja-Riina Luukka, Scarlet Norberg, John A Coughlan, A. Korotkov, Raffaele Gerosa, Gaia Maria Berruti, Mário Costa, Loriano Storchi, R. Becker, Marvin Johnson, Benjamin Kilminster, J. F. Tsai, J. Andrea, Vittorio Raoul Tavolaro, Meng Xiao, A. La Rosa, E. Chabert, Bryan Cardwell, P. D'Angelo, Richard B. Lipton, L. Ratti, Ivan Marchesini, A. K. Honma, Salvatore Rappoccio, Melanie Eich, Harry Cheung, Peter Schleper, Zhen Hu, Keith Ulmer, Loukas Gouskos, Emanuele Usai, Wolfram Erdmann, Th. Müller, M. Aldaya, Rachel Yohay, Guido Magazzu, S. Mallows, Lorenzo Viliani, Alessia Tricomi, Duccio Abbaneo, N. Koss, J. Kaplon, S. Spathopoulos, Joel Goldstein, Luciano Ristori, Marta Baselga, Mykola Savitskyi, M. De Palma, M. P. Rauch, P. Buhmann, Stephen Robert Wagner, Jaana Kristiina Heikkilä, J. Conway, R. Loos, Po-Hsun Chen, Stefano Mersi, Mykyta Haranko, V. Truong, Luigi Gaioni, Nicolas Postiau, Mauro Donegà, Wolfgang Adam, Cecilia Elena Gerber, Diego Beghin, Maria Agnese Ciocci, Olivier Bondu, A. De Cosa, V. Cherepanov, Tilman Rohe, Christophe Delaere, Fabrizio Ferro, G. Derylo, Vincent Lemaitre, F. De Canio, C. Turrioni, T. Pakulski, M. Kovacs, Alessia Saggio, N. Szilasi, Malte Backhaus, Matthias Schröder, J. Hoff, T. French, Livia Soffi, Thomas Blank, P. Lenoir, G. Zevi Della Porta, Andreas Kornmayer, Artur Apresyan, Ada Solano, C. Jain, Aaron Dominguez, L. M. Jara Casas, Jennifer Chu, Basil Schneider, Vivek Sharma, Saša Ceci, Ashley Parker, Francesco Moscatelli, D. Ciangottini, Paolo Spagnolo, Y. Gershtein, Xavier Janssen, Derek James Cranshaw, Davide Zuolo, Giacomo Sguazzoni, T. Susa, Andrea Venturi, Rino Castaldi, Michael Wlochal, F. Boyer, Federico Faccio, Andrei Gritsan, Matthias Balzer, A. Rossi, Brian Francis, Pisana Placidi, M. Caprai, Salvatore Costa, Kostas Kloukinas, Attilio Santocchia, Marius Preuten, Kirika Uchida, Dario Bisello, R. Walsh, Alexandra Tews, P. Van Mechelen, Alberto Messineo, C. Nieto Martin, M. Jones, Camilla Galloni, T. Balázs, Duong Nguyen, M. Vidal Marono, W. Bertl, Doris Eckstein, K. Pena, Otto Hindrichs, Ajeeta Khatiwada, Alice Bean, Z. Song, J. M. Brom, Geoffrey Hall, Karl Matthew Ecklund, Nicholas Eminizer, A. Rizzi, Julia Thom, Daniele Ruini, Nabin Poudyal, Juliette Alimena, Lorenzo Russo, Andrew Hart, Demetrios Loukas, A. Basti, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, Dennis Schwarz, T. Schuh, K. El Morabit, Giulia Negro, Thomas Bergauer, Gianluca Traversi, Ennio Monteil, Neeti Parashar, L. Charles, R. Del Burgo, Sebastiano Albergo, Johan Borg, C. Chen, T. Prousalidi, Zhengcheng Tao, P. Tropea, R. Frühwirth, Erica Brondolin, F. Bianchi, B. Checcucci, Richard J. K. Taylor, Simone Scarfi, L. Caponetto, Vuko Brigljevic, Lucia Silvestris, Franco Ligabue, A. Paterno, Caterina Vernieri, Laura Martikainen, D. R. Claes, Anders Ryd, Marius Metzler, J. Thomson, Susan Dittmer, Georgios Daskalakis, G. Blanchot, J. Olsen, C. Gingu, Waclaw Karpinski, Giuseppe Latino, Matthew Kilpatrick, Giorgio Maggi, P. Vichoudis, Alessandro Giassi, Süleyman Durgut, Rishabh Uniyal, Kai Yi, Mary Hadley, A. Di Mattia, Ivan Vila, N. Van Remortel, Roberto Ciaranfi, E. Riceputi, Simone Gennai, Sadia Khalil, Stefan Grünendahl, John Perry Cumalat, Eva Halkiadakis, J. Wellhausen, L. Paspalaki, Kirill Skovpen, M. Mongelli, Peter Robmann, Louise Skinnari, Frank Jensen, G. Schwering, Jordan Tucker, L. M. Cremaldi, Claudio Caputo, Yangyang Cheng, Pirmin Berger, Tommaso Dorigo, Sandra Malvezzi, Alberto Zucchetta, Ivan Reid, Anastasia Grebenyuk, Ijaz Ahmed, Konstantin Androsov, Marino Missiroli, Dmitry Hits, O. Colegrove, G. De Lentdecker, Peter Wittich, Frank Hartmann, Luca Pacher, Michael Wassmer, P. Cariola, Mia Tosi, Andrew Ivanov, S. Sarkar, E. Silva Jimenez, Andreas Mussgiller, Valerio Bertacchi, Stefano Michelis, Riccardo Bellan, Jeffrey Roskes, Valery Zhukov, Andreas Werner Jung, Anadi Canepa, Dario Menasce, Simranjit Singh Chhibra, Ulrich Husemann, J. F. Pernot, Sudhir Malik, Rizki Syarif, Ia Iashvili, Sébastien Viret, O. Reichelt, E. Scarlini, A. Starodumov, M. Vander Donckt, E. Curras Rivera, Vincenzo Chiochia, Antonio Cassese, H. Biskop, Adam, W, Bergauer, T, Blöch, D, Brondolin, E, Dragicevic, M, Frühwirth, R, Hinger, V, Steininger, H, Beaumont, W, Croce, D, Janssen, X, Lauwers, J, Mechelen, P, Remortel, N, Blekman, F, Chhibra, S, Clercq, J, D'Hondt, J, Lowette, S, Marchesini, I, Moortgat, S, Python, Q, Skovpen, K, Bols, E, Mulders, P, Allard, Y, Beghin, D, Bilin, B, Brun, H, Clerbaux, B, Lentdecker, G, Delannoy, H, Deng, W, Favart, L, Goldouzian, R, Grebenyuk, A, Kalsi, A, Luetic, J, Makarenko, I, Moureaux, L, Popov, A, Postiau, N, Robert, F, Song, Z, Thomas, L, Vanlaer, P, Vannerom, D, Wang, Q, Wang, H, Yang, Y, Bondu, O, Bruno, G, Caputo, C, David, P, Delaere, C, Delcourt, M, Giammanco, A, Krintiras, G, Lemaitre, V, Magitteri, A, Piotrzkowski, K, Saggio, A, Szilasi, N, Marono, M, Vischia, P, Zobec, J, Brigljević, V, Ceci, S, Ferenček, D, Roguljić, M, Starodumov, A, Šuša, T, Eerola, P, Heikkilä, J, Brücken, E, Lampén, T, Luukka, P, Martikainen, L, Tuominen, E, Tuuva, T, Agram, J, Andrea, J, Bloch, D, Bonnin, C, Bourgatte, G, Brom, J, Chabert, E, Charles, L, Cherepanov, V, Dangelser, E, Gelé, D, Goerlach, U, Gross, L, Krauth, M, Tonon, N, Baulieu, G, Boudoul, G, Caponetto, L, Chanon, N, Contardo, D, Dené, P, Dupasquier, T, Galbit, G, Lumb, N, Mirabito, L, Nodari, B, Perries, S, Donckt, M, Viret, S, Autermann, C, Feld, L, Karpinski, W, Kiesel, M, Klein, K, Lipinski, M, Meuser, D, Ostapchuk, A, Pauls, A, Pierschel, G, Preuten, M, Rauch, M, Röwert, N, Schael, S, Schulz, J, Schwering, G, Teroerde, M, Wlochal, M, Zhukov, V, Dziwok, C, Fluegge, G, Müller, T, Pooth, O, Stahl, A, Ziemons, T, Aldaya, M, Asawatangtrakuldee, C, Eckerlin, G, Eckstein, D, Eichhorn, T, Gallo, E, Guthoff, M, Haranko, M, Harb, A, Keaveney, J, Kleinwort, C, Mankel, R, Maser, H, Meyer, M, Missiroli, M, Muhl, C, Mussgiller, A, Pitzl, D, Reichelt, O, Savitskyi, M, Schuetze, P, Stever, R, Walsh, R, Zuber, A, Benecke, A, Biskop, H, Buhmann, P, Ebrahimi, A, Eich, M, Feindt, F, Froehlich, A, Garutti, E, Gunnellini, P, Haller, J, Hinzmann, A, Kasieczka, G, Klanner, R, Kutzner, V, Lange, T, Matysek, M, Mrowietz, M, Niemeyer, C, Nissan, Y, Pena, K, Perieanu, A, Rieger, O, Schleper, P, Schwandt, J, Schwarz, D, Sonneveld, J, Steinbrück, G, Tews, A, Vormwald, B, Wellhausen, J, Zoi, I, Abbas, M, Ardila, L, Balzer, M, Barth, C, Barvich, T, Baselga, M, Blank, T, Bögelspacher, F, Butz, E, Caselle, M, Boer, W, Dierlamm, A, Morabit, K, Gosewisch, J, Hartmann, F, Husemann, U, Koppenhöfer, R, Kudella, S, Maier, S, Mallows, S, Metzler, M, Muller, T, Neufeld, M, Nürnberg, A, Sander, O, Schell, D, Schröder, M, Schuh, T, Shvetsov, I, Simonis, H, Steck, P, Wassmer, M, Weber, M, Weddigen, A, Anagnostou, G, Asenov, P, Assiouras, P, Daskalakis, G, Kyriakis, A, Loukas, D, Paspalaki, L, Balázs, T, Siklér, F, Vámi, T, Veszprémi, V, Bhardwaj, A, Jain, C, Jain, G, Ranjan, K, Bhattacharya, R, Dutta, S, Chowdhury, S, Saha, G, Sarkar, S, Cariola, P, Creanza, D, de Palma, M, Robertis, G, Fiore, L, Ince, M, Loddo, F, Maggi, G, Martiradonna, S, Mongelli, M, My, S, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Albergo, S, Costa, S, Mattia, A, Potenza, R, Saizu, M, Tricomi, A, Tuve, C, Barbagli, G, Brianzi, M, Cassese, A, Ceccarelli, R, Ciaranfi, R, Ciulli, V, Civinini, C, D'Alessandro, R, Focardi, E, Latino, G, Lenzi, P, Meschini, M, Paoletti, S, Russo, L, Scarlini, E, Sguazzoni, G, Viliani, L, Cerchi, S, Ferro, F, Mulargia, R, Robutti, E, Brivio, F, Dinardo, M, Dini, P, Gennai, S, Guzzi, L, Malvezzi, S, Menasce, D, Moroni, L, Pedrini, D, Zuolo, D, Azzi, P, Bacchetta, N, Bisello, D, Dorigo, T, Pozzobon, N, Tosi, M, Canio, F, Gaioni, L, Manghisoni, M, Ratti, L, Re, V, Riceputi, E, Traversi, G, Baldinelli, G, Bianchi, F, Biasini, M, Bilei, G, Bizzaglia, S, Caprai, M, Cecchi, C, Checcucci, B, Ciangottini, D, Fanò, L, Farnesini, L, Ionica, M, Leonardi, R, Manoni, E, Mantovani, G, Mariani, V, Menichelli, M, Morozzi, A, Moscatelli, F, Passeri, D, Placidi, P, Rossi, A, Santocchia, A, Spiga, D, Storchi, L, Turrioni, C, Androsov, K, Azzurri, P, Bagliesi, G, Basti, A, Beccherle, R, Bertacchi, V, Bianchini, L, Boccali, T, Borrello, L, Bosi, F, Castaldi, R, Ciocci, M, Dell'Orso, R, Fedi, G, Fiori, F, Giannini, L, Giassi, A, Grippo, M, Ligabue, F, Magazzu, G, Manca, E, Mandorli, G, Mazzoni, E, Messineo, A, Moggi, A, Morsani, F, Palla, F, Palmonari, F, Raffaelli, F, Rizzi, A, Spagnolo, P, Tenchini, R, Tonelli, G, Venturi, A, Verdini, P, Bellan, R, Costa, M, Covarelli, R, Dellacasa, G, Demaria, N, Salvo, A, Mazza, G, Migliore, E, Monteil, E, Pacher, L, Paterno, A, Rivetti, A, Solano, A, Rivera, E, Campderros, J, Fernandez, M, Gomez, G, Sanchez, F, Echeverria, R, Moya, D, Jimenez, E, Vila, I, Virto, A, Abbaneo, D, Ahmed, I, Akgun, B, Albert, E, Bendotti, J, Berruti, G, Blanchot, G, Boyer, F, Caratelli, A, Ceresa, D, Christiansen, J, Cichy, K, Daguin, J, Deelen, N, Detraz, S, Deyrail, D, Emriskova, N, Faccio, F, Filenius, A, Frank, N, French, T, Gadek, T, Gajanec, R, Honma, A, Hugo, G, Hulek, W, Casas, L, Kaplon, J, Kloukinas, K, Kornmayer, A, Koss, N, Kottelat, L, Koukola, D, Kovacs, M, Rosa, A, Lenoir, P, Loos, R, Marchioro, A, Marconi, S, Mersi, S, Michelis, S, Martin, C, Onnela, A, Orfanelli, S, Pakulski, T, Perez, A, Gomez, F, Pernot, J, Petagna, P, Piazza, Q, Postema, H, Prousalidi, T, Rico, R, Scarfí, S, Spathopoulos, S, Sroka, S, Tropea, P, Troska, J, Tsirou, A, Vasey, F, Vichoudis, P, Bertl, W, Caminada, L, Deiters, K, Erdmann, W, Horisberger, R, Kaestli, H, Kotlinski, D, Langenegger, U, Meier, B, Rohe, T, Streuli, S, Bachmair, F, Backhaus, M, Becker, R, Berger, P, di Calafiori, D, Djambazov, L, Donega, M, Grab, C, Hits, D, Hoss, J, Lustermann, W, Masciovecchio, M, Meinhard, M, Perovic, V, Perozzi, L, Ristic, B, Roeser, U, Ruini, D, Tavolaro, V, Wallny, R, Zhu, D, Aarrestad, T, Amsler, C, Bösiger, K, Canelli, F, Chiochia, V, Cosa, A, Burgo, R, Galloni, C, Kilminster, B, Leontsinis, S, Maier, R, Rauco, G, Robmann, P, Takahashi, Y, Zucchetta, A, Chen, P, Hou, W, Lu, R, Moya, M, Tsai, J, Burns, D, Clement, E, Cussans, D, Goldstein, J, Nasr-Storey, S, Braga, D, Coughlan, J, Harder, K, Manolopoulos, K, Tomalin, I, Auzinger, G, Bainbridge, R, Borg, J, Hall, G, James, T, Pesaresi, M, Summers, S, Uchida, K, Cole, J, Hoad, C, Hobson, P, Reid, I, Bartek, R, Dominguez, A, Uniyal, R, Altopp, G, Burkle, B, Chen, C, Coubez, X, Duh, Y, Hadley, M, Heintz, U, Hinton, N, Hogan, J, Korotkov, A, Lee, J, Narain, M, Sagir, S, Spencer, E, Syarif, R, Truong, V, Usai, E, Voelker, J, Chertok, M, Conway, J, Funk, G, Jensen, F, Lander, R, Macauda, S, Pellett, D, Thomson, J, Yohay, R, Zhang, F, Hanson, G, Si, W, Gerosa, R, Krutelyov, S, Sharma, V, Yagil, A, Porta, G, Colegrove, O, Dutta, V, Gouskos, L, Incandela, J, Kyre, S, Qu, H, Quinnan, M, White, D, Cumalat, J, Ford, W, Macdonald, E, Perloff, A, Stenson, K, Ulmer, K, Wagner, S, Alexander, J, Cheng, Y, Chu, J, Cranshaw, D, Datta, A, Mcdermott, K, Monroy, J, Padilla, Y, Quach, D, Rinkevicius, A, Ryd, A, Skinnari, L, Soffi, L, Strohman, C, Tao, Z, Thom, J, Tucker, J, Wittich, P, Zientek, M, Apresyan, A, Bakshi, A, Bolla, G, Burkett, K, Butler, J, Canepa, A, Cheung, H, Chramowicz, J, Derylo, G, Ghosh, A, Gingu, C, Gonzalez, H, Grünendahl, S, Hasegawa, S, Hoff, J, Hoh, S, Hu, Z, Jindariani, S, Johnson, M, Lei, C, Lipton, R, Liu, M, Liu, T, Los, S, Matulik, M, Merkel, P, Nahn, S, Olsen, J, Prosser, A, Ravera, F, Ristori, L, Rivera, R, Schneider, B, Spalding, W, Spiegel, L, Timpone, S, Tran, N, Uplegger, L, Vernieri, C, Voirin, E, Weber, H, Berry, D, Chen, X, Dittmer, S, Evdokimov, A, Evdokimov, O, Gerber, C, Hofman, D, Mills, C, Alhusseini, M, Durgut, S, Nachtman, J, Onel, Y, Rude, C, Snyder, C, Yi, K, Eminizer, N, Gritsan, A, Maksimovic, P, Roskes, J, Swartz, M, Xiao, M, Baringer, P, Bean, A, Khalil, S, Kropivnitskaya, A, Majumder, D, Schmitz, E, Wilson, G, Ivanov, A, Mendis, R, Mitchell, T, Modak, A, Taylor, R, Acosta, J, Cremaldi, L, Oliveros, S, Perera, L, Summers, D, Bloom, K, Claes, D, Fangmeier, C, Golf, F, Kravchenko, I, Siado, J, Harrington, C, Iashvili, I, Kharchilava, A, Nguyen, D, Parker, A, Rappoccio, S, Roozbahani, B, Hahn, K, Liu, Y, Sung, K, Alimena, J, Cardwell, B, Francis, B, Hill, C, Malik, S, Norberg, S, Vargas, J, Das, S, Jones, M, Jung, A, Khatiwada, A, Negro, G, Thieman, J, Cheng, T, Dolen, J, Parashar, N, Ecklund, K, Freed, S, Kilpatrick, M, Nussbaum, T, Demina, R, Dulemba, J, Hindrichs, O, Bartz, E, Gandrakotra, A, Gershtein, Y, Halkiadakis, E, Hart, A, Kyriacou, S, Lath, A, Nash, K, Osherson, M, Schnetzer, S, Stone, R, Eusebi, R, D'Angelo, P, Johns, W, Padeken, K, Harr, R, Poudyal, N, Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria), Austrian Research Promotion Agency, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Flemish Department of Economy, Science and Innovation (Belgium), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Croatian Science Foundation, Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, Academy of Finland, Ministry of Education and Culture (Finland), German Research Foundation, Higher Education and Research (Germany), Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Germany), Greek Government, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Science and Technology (India), Iranian Government, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, European Commission, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS Tracker Group, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Sağır, Sinan, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, and Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences

Subjects
Technology, Tracker detector, Computer science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Tracking (particle physics), Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, damage [radiation], 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, upgrade [tracking detector], Front-end electronics for detector readout, Particle tracking detectors, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, 0302 clinical medicine, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instruments & Instrumentation, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, radiation: damage, Large Hadron Collider, CMS, track data analysis, Physics, Detector, Semiconductor detector, Upgrade, Physique des particules élémentaires, LHC, Computer hardware, performance, High energy physics, Experimental particle physics, Particle Physics Experiments, Vector boson scattering, Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), Supersymmetry, Higgs physics, Particle and resonance production, B physics, Particle correlations and fluctuations, Quarkonium, Elementary Particles and Fields, Beyond Standard Model, Jets, QCD, Top physics, Diboson, Electroweak, CKM matrix, Top quark, Large detector-systems performance, Pattern recognition, 114 Physical sciences, Particle detector, 03 medical and health sciences, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, ddc:610, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], design [integrated circuit], Science & Technology, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, tracking detector: upgrade, trigger, Stub (electronics), Physics and Astronomy, efficiency, integrated circuit: design, electronics: readout, silicon sensor, readout [electronics], business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Tracker group of the CMS collaboration: et al., A new CMS tracker detector will be installed for operation at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). This detector comprises modules with two closely spaced parallel sensor plates and front-end ASICs capable of transmitting tracking information to the CMS Level-1 (L1) trigger at the 40 MHz beam crossing rate. The inclusion of tracking information in the L1 trigger decision will be essential for selecting events of interest efficiently at the HL-LHC. The CMS Binary Chip (CBC) has been designed to read out and correlate hits from pairs of tracker sensors, forming so-called track stubs. For the first time, a prototype irradiated module and a full-sized module, both equipped with the version 2 of the CBC, have been operated in test beam facilities. The efficiency of the stub finding logic of the modules for various angles of incidence has been studied. The ability of the modules to reject tracks with transverse momentum less than 2 GeV has been demonstrated. For modules built with irradiated sensors, no significant drop in the stub finding performance has been observed. Results from the beam tests are described in this paper., The tracker groups gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CERN; MSE and CSF (Croatia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA K124850, and Bolyai Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); INFN (Italy); PAEC (Pakistan); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). Individuals have received support from HFRI (Greece)

Published
2020

16. A Rad-Hard Bandgap Voltage Reference for High Energy Physics Experiments

Author

Matteo Pezzoli, Massimo Manghisoni, E. Riceputi, Gianluca Traversi, Luigi Gaioni, Lodovico Ratti, Valerio Re, and M. Sonzogni

Subjects
Physics, Bandgap voltage reference, Band gap, Mean value, CMOS, Analytical chemistry, Radiation effects, Total ionizing dose (TID), Atmospheric temperature range, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Power consumption, Absorbed dose, Deep submicron, Temperature coefficient
Abstract

This work is concerned with the characterization of a bandgap reference circuit, fabricated in a commercial 65 nm CMOS technology, designed for applications to HL-LHC experiments. Measurement results show a temperature coefficient of about 16 ppm/\(^\circ \)C over a temperature range of 140 \(^\circ \)C (from \(-40\) to 100 \(^\circ \)C) and a variation of 1.6% for V\(_{DD}\) from 1.08 to 1.32 V. The mean value of the bandgap output is about 400 mV, with a 5% maximum shift when exposed to a Total Ionizing Dose (TID) around 1 Grad (SiO\(_2\)). The power consumption is 165 \(\upmu \)W at room temperature, with a core area of 0.02835 mm\(^2\).

Published
2020

17. Dynamic Compression of the Signal in a Charge Sensitive Amplifier: Experimental Results

Author

Massimo Manghisoni, Valerio Re, Daniele Comotti, L. Ratti, and Luigi Gaioni

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Capacitance, Transistors, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0502 economics and business, 0103 physical sciences, CMOS, Dynamic range, dynamic signal compression, Front-end, Gain, Logic gates, MOS devices, Photonics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Charge amplifier, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Amplifier, 05 social sciences, Transistor, Electrical engineering, Signal compression, 050211 marketing, Dynamic range compression, business
Abstract

This paper is concerned with the experimental characterization of a charge sensitive amplifier featuring dynamic signal compression, fast recovery time, low noise, and reduced area occupancy. The device takes the advantage of the nonlinear characteristic of a feedback transistor that behaves like a voltage-controlled capacitance. This property has been exploited to fit a wide input dynamic range into the available output swing. The charge amplifier can be operated in synchronous mode at high frame rates, of the order of few megahertz, thanks to a wide bandwidth, an improved output stage, and a fast reset network. Thanks to the small area occupancy, the amplifier is suitable for integration in a $100\times 100\,\,\mu \text {m}^{2}$ pixel area. All these features make the device a good candidate for applications where a fast front end with a nonlinear response is required, such as in imaging instrumentation for free electron laser experiments. The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the experimental results coming from the characterization of the first prototype of the circuit, which has been designed in a 65-nm CMOS technology. This paper has been carried out in the frame of the PixFEL Project funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy.

Published
2018

18. Ionizing Radiation Effects on the Noise of 65 nm CMOS Transistors for Pixel Sensor Readout at Extreme Total Dose Levels

Author

Luigi Gaioni, Lodovico Ratti, Valerio Re, Massimo Manghisoni, Gianluca Traversi, and E. Riceputi

Subjects
noise, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Analog front-end electronics, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, ionizing radiation effects, MOSFET, Micro-electronics and interconnections [4], law, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Electronic circuit, 010302 applied physics, Noise measurement, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Transistor, CMOS, Logic gate, Absorbed dose, Optoelectronics, business, Noise (radio)
Abstract

This paper is focused on the study of the noise performance of 65 nm CMOS transistors at extremely high total ionizing dose (TID) levels of the order of several hundreds of Mrad(SiO2). Noise measurements are reported and discussed, analyzing radiation effects on $1/f$ noise and channel thermal noise. In nMOSFETs, up to 10 Mrad(SiO2), the experimental behavior is consistent with a damage mechanism mainly associated with lateral isolation oxides, and can be modeled by parasitic transistors turning on after irradiation and contributing to the total noise of the device. At very high dose, these parasitic transistors tend to be turned off by negative charge accumulating in interface states and compensating radiation-induced positive charge building up inside thick isolation oxides. Effects associated with ionization and hydrogen transport in spacer oxides may become dominant at 600 Mrad(SiO2) and may explain the observed noise behavior at extremely high TID. The results of this analysis provide an understanding of noise degradation effects in analog front-end circuits integrated in readout chips for pixel detectors operating in very harsh radiation environments such as the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider.

Published
2018

19. Analog front-end design perspective of a 14 nm finFET technology

Author

Lodovico Ratti, Massimo Manghisoni, and Valerio Re

Subjects
Materials science, Gate length, Analog front-end electronics, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, 03 medical and health sciences, Analog front-end, Microelectronics, Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, 0302 clinical medicine, Planar, law, 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Scaling, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Transistor, CMOS, Optoelectronics, Noise, business
Abstract

N- and P-type transistors from a 14 nm finFET technology have been tested from the standpoint of static current-voltage characteristics, small signal parameters and noise properties in view of analog front-end applications. Device electrical features are found to be compliant with the scaling trend as carried on with planar CMOS technologies. Comparison with standard, less scaled bulk CMOS processes points out that transition from planar, single-gate to vertical, multiple-gate structures does not affect significantly the device analog performance. The paper will focus in particular on the noise properties of the transistors, featuring different gate length and width and operated in the weak to moderate inversion region.

Published
2019

20. Characterization of PFM3, a 32×32 readout chip for PixFEL X-ray imager

Author

L. Lodola, Fabio Morsani, Valerio Re, Massimo Manghisoni, E. Riceputi, Gianluca Traversi, Lodovico Ratti, and Matteo Pezzoli

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, business.industry, X-ray imaging, Detector, sensors, Laser, Chip, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Signal, Signal chain, law.invention, CMOS, microelectronics, law, Optoelectronics, Dynamic range compression, business
Abstract

In the framework of the PixFEL project, a readout chip for pixel sensors has been designed and fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The PixFEL detector is intended for application to coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) at the next generation free electron lasers (FELs). This paper will present a characterization of PFM3’s signal chain first stage. Characterization data has been collected from the charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) stage, implementing a dynamic compression of the input signal. Measurements demonstrating the validity of the dynamic compression feature for various gain settings (1 keV, 2keV and 3keV) and temperatures −40 °C to 70 °C are shown.

Published
2019

21. Front-end Electronics for the GAPS Tracker

Author

Valerio Re, Lorenzo Fabris, Massimo Manghisoni, F. Perfetto, E. Riceputi, A. Boiano, Giuseppe Osteria, Valentina Scotti, Gianluigi Zampa, Scotti, V., Boiano, A., Fabris, L., Manghisoni, M., Osteria, G., Perfetto, F., Re, V., Riceputi, E., and Zampa, G.

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, silicon sensors, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Dark matter, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Signal, Particle identification, Optics, Application-specific integrated circuit, microelectronics, Wide dynamic range, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

The General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS) is an Antarctic balloon-borne mission to indirectly search for dark matter through sensitive observation of cosmic antiparticles. The first flight is planned for late 2021. GAPS is the first experiment optimized specifically for detection of low-energy (< 0.25 GeV/n) antideuterons, which are recognized as distinctive signals from dark matter annihilation or decay in the Galactic halo. To achieve high sensitivity to cosmic antinuclei in this low-energy range, GAPS uses a novel particle identification method based on exotic atom capture and decay. The GAPS instrument consists of ten planes of 1440 10 cm-diameter, 2.5 mm-thick, 8-strip lithium drifted silicon (Si(Li)) detectors, which constitutes the tracker, surrounded by a plastic scintillator time-of-flight system. A new fabrication technique has been developed to satisfy the stringent requirements of the mission. In this contribution, we describe the front-end electronics of the tracker of GAPS. The system is composed of front-end ASICs and power supplies. The ASICs provide readout and digitization of the signal (with an 11-bit ADC) in a wide dynamic range (10 keV - 100 MeV). Every ASIC has 32 channels and performs the readout for 4 detectors, for a total amount of 11520 channels. The ASIC analog front-end is based on a dynamic compression technique to handle a large range of signal amplitudes and features a low noise performance, achieving the required 4 keV resolution at low energies. The power system supplies both bias voltages for the Si(Li) detectors and low voltages for the electronics. 36th, 7 pages, 3 figures 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference -ICRC2019- July 24th - August 1st

Published
2019

22. Algorithms for Threshold Dispersion Minimization of the CHIPIX65 Asynchronous Front-End

Author

Gianluca Traversi, Massimo Manghisoni, Francesco De Canio, Luigi Gaioni, M. Sonzogni, Valerio Re, and Lodovico Ratti

Subjects
Front and back ends, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Pixel, Application-specific integrated circuit, CMOS, Computer science, Asynchronous communication, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Computation, Detector, Algorithm, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Electronic circuit
Abstract

This work discusses four different algorithms for the minimization of threshold dispersion in multichannel readout circuits for pixel detectors. These algorithms, which are based on different methods (e.g. charge scans, threshold scans, etc) and differs in terms of performance and computation time, have been tested on the asynchronous front-end integrated in the CHIPIX65_FE0, a readout ASIC prototype designed in a 65 nm CMOS technology.

Published
2019

23. The DAQ and control system for the CMS Phase-1 pixel detector upgrade

Author

G. Schwering, Jordan Tucker, L. M. Cremaldi, Claudio Caputo, A. Stahl, Florencia Canelli, C. Mills, Reza Goldouzian, Yangyang Cheng, S. Sroka, G. Mazza, T. Barvich, Alessio Magitteri, G. Altopp, M. S. Meyer, Mia Tosi, Pirmin Berger, Tommaso Dorigo, Sandra Malvezzi, Renato Potenza, Guenter Eckerlin, Andrew Ivanov, Alberto Zucchetta, Marta Baselga, Stephane Perries, Stephen Robert Wagner, Paula Eerola, S. Sarkar, Ivan Reid, Christine Mclean, Anastasia Grebenyuk, A. De Cosa, Hannes Sakulin, Tilman Rohe, Jasper Lauwers, Matej Roguljic, P. Steck, Devdatta Majumder, C. Jain, G. Fluegge, E. Silva Jimenez, Ijaz Ahmed, Konstantin Androsov, Marino Missiroli, Dmitry Hits, Tuure Tuuva, Margaret Zientek, Matthias Schröder, A. Rossi, Nicolas Röwert, Kevin Burkett, O. Colegrove, L. Charles, G. De Lentdecker, Dominique Gigi, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Jennifer Chu, Andrea Rodriguez Perez, Doris Eckstein, Lorenzo Uplegger, Jan Hoss, R. Maier, Christian Autermann, Kenneth Bloom, Claus Kleinwort, P. Tropea, Th. Müller, Andreas Mussgiller, Valerio Bertacchi, Stefano Michelis, Riccardo Bellan, S. Orfanelli, F. Raffaelli, D. Di Croce, Gianluca Traversi, R. Loos, L. Kottelat, Mujahid Abbas, Seth Moortgat, L. Perera, Andrew Parker, Bugra Bilin, Petra Merkel, De Hua Zhu, Robert Stone, Fengwangdong Zhang, Hannsjoerg Artur Weber, Gordon H. Hanson, Remigius K. Mommsen, Andrey Ostapchuk, David Vannerom, Jeffrey Roskes, Brian Francis, Kevin Nash, Gourab Saha, Valentina Dutta, S. Los, K. Pena, Alexander Dierlamm, Kevin Stenson, Claude Amsler, Laurent Favart, S. Krutelyov, Martin Lipinski, Peter R Hobson, L. Ardila, Ennio Monteil, Nicolas Tonon, Yang Yang, Wolfgang Adam, Andreas Kornmayer, Daniele Pedrini, W. Beaumont, Konrad Deiters, Raffaele Gerosa, N. Koss, Alberto Messineo, T. Balázs, Panja-Riina Luukka, Giuseppe Barbagli, Scarlet Norberg, Carlo Civinini, Oliver Pooth, Ulrich Goerlach, Joze Zobec, Steve Nahn, Marco Meschini, James Rohlf, F. Boyer, Federico Faccio, Andrei Gritsan, Valerio Re, Andreas Hinzmann, Valery Zhukov, Yi-ting Duh, H. Maser, Daniel Pitzl, L. Perozzi, Nikkie Deelen, R. Jaramillo Echeverria, D. Koukola, Nicholas Eminizer, Satoshi Hasegawa, Mark Pesaresi, C. Gingu, Lorenzo Bianchini, S. Streuli, F. Hartmann, Po-Hsun Chen, Johannes Schulz, Giorgio Maggi, P. Vichoudis, Stefan Grünendahl, Joaquin Emilo Siado, B. Nodari, Mauro Menichelli, Tamás Álmos Vámi, Guido Tonelli, Stefano Mersi, Ricardo Eusebi, Merve Ince, Maurizio Biasini, Georg Steinbrück, Paolo Gunnellini, Barbara Clerbaux, J. De Clercq, Mykyta Haranko, Gaia Maria Berruti, Piergiulio Lenzi, André Holzner, Irene Zoi, Andreas Werner Jung, Luciano Orsini, Luca Pacher, Daniele Ruini, Michael Wassmer, J. Thieman, Wolfram Erdmann, A. Rinkevicius, D. White, Paolo Petagna, A. Yagil, Sinan Sagir, G. Pierschel, Roland Horisberger, Aaron Dominguez, L. M. Jara Casas, Elisa Manoni, Cristina Tuve, Alexander Pauls, D. E. Pellett, J. Chramowicz, Ryan Rivera, A. Weddigen, Rachel Bartek, Salvatore My, Asit Ranjan Ghosh, Graham Wilson, N. Skhirladze, Johannes Haller, Garrett Funk, Anadi Canepa, Michael Wlochal, Dario Menasce, Melanie Eich, Christian Dziwok, S. Mallows, Emyr Clement, Mario Masciovecchio, R. Bhattacharya, Simranjit Singh Chhibra, S. Bizzaglia, P. Cariola, D. Moya, S. Macauda, Ulrich Husemann, R. Beccherle, W. Karimeh, James Dolen, Huilin Qu, Roberto Dell'Orso, Olivier Bondu, Freya Blekman, Viktor Veszpremi, Zeynep Demiragli, G. De Robertis, Petar Maksimovic, J. F. Pernot, Sudhir Malik, Rizki Syarif, Ia Iashvili, Nicolas Chanon, Douglas Berry, G. Bagliesi, G. Dellacasa, H. Gonzalez, Cecilia Elena Gerber, C. Nieto Martin, Sébastien Viret, Ettore Focardi, O. Reichelt, P. Buhmann, Thomas Blank, V. Hinger, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, Jeremy Andrea, Frank Golf, Fabrizio Palla, E. Hazen, Paolo Dini, Fabio Ravera, Maren Tabea Meinhard, Maria Agnese Ciocci, Fabrizio Ferro, Geoffrey Hall, Marko Dragicevic, A. Benecke, Stefanos Leontsinis, Chayanit Asawatangtrakuldee, E. Scarlini, M. Brianzi, Rudy Ceccarelli, P. Lenoir, Benedikt Vormwald, J. N. Butler, Dinko Ferencek, Christophe Delaere, Eva Halkiadakis, L. Paspalaki, Frank Glege, Mário Costa, L. Farnesini, Andrea Venturi, Rino Castaldi, M. Mongelli, Christopher Hill, Ernesto Migliore, Hans-Jürgen Simonis, Pascal Vanlaer, Z. Song, Karl Matthew Ecklund, A. Froehlich, E. Albert, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Dustin Burns, A. Starodumov, Zhengcheng Tao, J. O. Gosewisch, D. di Calafiori, Diego Beghin, W. T. Ford, M. A. Saizu, Luca Guzzi, Joanne Cole, Daniel Bloch, Vivek Sharma, A. Rizzi, Maral Alyari, T. Prousalidi, Elisabetta Manca, Kostas Kloukinas, Y. Allard, Luigi Moroni, U. Roeser, Yanwen Liu, M. Vander Donckt, Souvik Das, Jaana Kristiina Heikkilä, Savvas Kyriacou, Mauro Donegà, Christoph Grab, Daniele Passeri, P. Assiouras, Kevin Mcdermott, V. Kutzner, Vasilije Perovic, Thomas James, Urs Langenegger, M. Miñano Moya, E. Curras Rivera, Vincenzo Chiochia, Antonio Cassese, B. Checcucci, Maria Ionica, Livia Soffi, A. Prosser, E. Dangelser, Konstantinos Manolopoulos, C. Hoad, Erik Brücken, Jan Troska, Robert Bainbridge, Ada Solano, K. Bösiger, Ali Harb, M. Jones, Jose Monroy, T. Nussbaum, Weinan Si, Gaelle Boudoul, Eija Tuominen, Y. Nissan, K. El Morabit, Camilla Galloni, Alice Bean, M. Vidal Marono, W. Bertl, Julia Thom, J. E. Ramirez Vargas, M. Krauth, Loriano Storchi, Alessia Tricomi, H. Biskop, C. Barth, Inna Makarenko, A. L. Virto, Amandeep Kaur Kalsi, Leonard Spiegel, Louis Moureaux, Michele Caselle, Kirti Ranjan, Jesper Roy Christiansen, Daniele Spiga, Stephane Detraz, Lea Caminada, Rong-Shyang Lu, Neeti Parashar, Laura Martikainen, Sebastiano Albergo, Kirika Uchida, P. Van Mechelen, Otto Hindrichs, Vitaliano Ciulli, Ian R Tomalin, Natalia Emriskova, Robert Klanner, Malte Backhaus, Kristian Allan Hahn, J. Voelker, Johan Borg, C. Chen, J. Alexander, G. M. Bilei, Benjamin Kilminster, R. Gajanec, Harry Cheung, Peter Schleper, Keith Ulmer, D. R. Claes, Giovanna Selvaggi, Anders Ryd, A. Bakshi, Andrew Hart, Demetrios Loukas, Erik Butz, Giulia Negro, J. Conway, V. Truong, G. Derylo, Vincent Lemaitre, Caroline Elisabeth Niniane Niemeyer, Tongguang Cheng, Thomas Schuh, Giacomo Fedi, A. Evdokimov, David Jonathan Hofman, Atanu Modak, Matthias Balzer, Pisana Placidi, M. Caprai, Davide Zuolo, J. Schwandt, O. Rieger, Salvatore Costa, W. S. Hou, S. Schael, P. Schuetze, Guillaume Bourgatte, S.N. Khalil, Roberto Leonardi, Xin Chen, J. Thomson, Susan Dittmer, Georgios Daskalakis, G. Blanchot, Jorgen D'Hondt, Marvin Johnson, Tim Ziemons, T. Mitchell, Hans-Christian Kaestli, S. Marconi, G. Baldinelli, Valentina Mariani, Georgios Anagnostou, Melody A. Swartz, Saša Ceci, Maxwell Chertok, Danek Kotlinski, Waclaw Karpinski, P. Dené, Pieter David, Denis Gelé, J. Duarte Campderros, R. L. Lander, W. Deng, J. Bendotti, Juska Pekkanen, Mauro Emanuele Dinardo, K. Cichy, Marius Preuten, Rainer Wallny, Luigi Gaioni, Olga Evdokimov, Livio Fanò, Quentin Python, Joe Incandela, S. Timpone, R. Puente Rico, Giuseppe Latino, Matthew Kilpatrick, Roberto Covarelli, Duong Nguyen, Jane Nachtman, Alessandro Giassi, Süleyman Durgut, M. Matysek, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Francesco Brivio, Nicolas Postiau, M. Aldaya, S. Martiradonna, H. Postema, Yasar Onel, Y. Bordlemay Padilla, E. Mazzoni, F. De Canio, Luigi Fiore, Rishabh Uniyal, Emily MacDonald, Maximilian Knut Kiesel, William J Spalding, Ajeeta Khatiwada, Danilo Meuser, Andrea Giammanco, Massimo Manghisoni, D. Simelevicius, Laurent Thomas, Giacomo Bruno, M. Mrowietz, Georg Auzinger, Philip Baringer, Enrico Robutti, Meenakshi Narain, R. Mendis, Hugues Brun, Angelo Rivetti, M. P. Rauch, Pietro Vischia, Kai Yi, Thomas Eichhorn, D. Deyrail, Roberto Tenchini, W. E. Johns, Yuri Gershtein, Eric Christian Chabert, Juliette Alimena, A. Basti, Marc Osherson, A. Korotkov, Alexandra Tews, Ivan Shvetsov, F.J. Gonzalez Sanchez, G. Hugo, Paolo Azzurri, Meng Xiao, L. Ratti, A. Di Mattia, Vittorio Raoul Tavolaro, Q. Piazza, Laurent Mirabito, Steven Lowette, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, Dennis Schwarz, L. Djambazov, W. Hulek, C. Rude, Ivan Vila, Miaoyuan Liu, John Perry Cumalat, A. La Rosa, Katja Klein, Samim Erhan, Alexx Perloff, Thomas Bergauer, Andrey Popov, James Keaveney, Bryan Cardwell, Donato Creanza, J. F. Tsai, Marius Metzler, N. Van Remortel, Marc Dobson, Attila Racz, Jonathan Fulcher, Felix Bachmair, Marius Teroerde, R. Frühwirth, Erica Brondolin, P. Zejdl, Mary Hadley, C. Bonnin, Roberto Ciaranfi, J. Kaplon, C. Strohman, D. J. Summers, E. Riceputi, W. De Boer, R. Del Burgo, Roberto Mulargia, T. Boccali, S. Spathopoulos, Joel Goldstein, David Cussans, Avto Kharchilava, Simone Gennai, Tapio Lampén, F. Bianchi, Alessandro Caratelli, Natale Demaria, P. D'Angelo, Werner Lustermann, Andromachi Tsirou, Richard B. Lipton, Georgios Krintiras, Lorenzo Viliani, Elisabetta Gallo, Arianna Morozzi, Jory Sonneveld, Mykola Savitskyi, F. Perez Gomez, Yuta Takahashi, Andreas Nürnberg, Emilio Meschi, Sioni Summers, Erich Schmitz, C. Muhl, Lutz Feld, G. Baulieu, T. Dupasquier, Thea Klaeboe Aarrestad, Haiyan Wang, J. Lee, Quan Wang, Claudia Cecchi, J. Hoff, C. M. Lei, Giorgia Rauco, Kristian Harder, Nicola Pozzobon, Eric Spencer, Steve Schnetzer, Klaas Padeken, T. French, L. Gross, M. De Palma, Francesco Moscatelli, Sarah Freed, A. Remigiusz Labaza, D. Ciangottini, F. Palmonari, Sandra Oliveros, Leonardo Giannini, S. Kyre, Roland Koppenhöfer, Melissa Quinnan, J. Wellhausen, Richard J. K. Taylor, J. Daguin, S. Roy Chowdhury, T. Susa, E. Voirin, Kirill Skovpen, Simone Paoletti, Suchandra Dutta, Giulio Mandorli, M. Matulik, Simone Scarfi, Dario Bisello, Peter Robmann, N. Hinton, R. Walsh, L. Caponetto, Kevin Sung, Vuko Brigljevic, Lucia Silvestris, M. Hansen, A. Zuber, Franco Ligabue, Louise Skinnari, D. Ceresa, Bora Akgun, H. Steininger, Hugo Delannoy, Frank Jensen, Beat H. Meier, Francesco Fiori, A. Paterno, Jane Coughlan, Branislav Ristic, Regina Demina, J. L. Dulemba, M. Fernandez, P. Van Mulders, E. SØrensen Bols, Oliver Sander, Anna Kropivnitskaya, M. Alhusseini, Aliakbar Ebrahimi, Emanuele Usai, A. Moggi, Torben Lange, B. Engegaard, Gino Bolla, Peter Wittich, Erika Garutti, Ilya Kravchenko, Jeroen Hegeman, Maria Teresa Grippo, E. Bartz, F. Bögelspacher, Dan Quach, M. Neufeld, Giancarlo Mantovani, S. Seif El Nasr-storey, A. Onnela, N. Lumb, J. Hosselet, Patrizia Azzi, Nicola Bacchetta, G. Galbit, Geetika Jain, S. Cerchi, Caleb Fangmeier, Frédéric Robert, Martin Delcourt, Frans Meijers, Julie Managan Hogan, John Gabriel Acosta, Laura Borrello, Filippo Bosi, F. Loddo, R. Stever, Jean-Laurent Agram, Steven F. Maier, Aristotelis Kyriakis, D. Schell, Adrian Perieanu, Ferenc Sikler, Christina Snyder, Jean-Marie Brom, Xavier Coubez, Ivan Marchesini, A. K. Honma, Salvatore Rappoccio, Loukas Gouskos, Basil Schneider, Xavier Janssen, Abhisek Datta, A. Di Salvo, N. Frank, Moritz Guthoff, Rachel Yohay, Guido Magazzu, C. Turrioni, T. Pakulski, M. Kovacs, Gregor Kasieczka, Alessia Saggio, N. Szilasi, Paolo Spagnolo, Derek James Cranshaw, Attilio Santocchia, Lorenzo Russo, R. Mankel, Patrick Asenov, M. Weber, Gervasio Gomez, A. Gandrakotra, Fabio Morsani, Finn Feindt, R. Becker, Duccio Abbaneo, Amitabh Lath, Simon Kudella, A. Marchioro, Francois Vasey, Ulrich Heintz, Bjorn Burkle, A. Filenius, Didier Contardo, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Eija Tuominen / Principal Investigator, Adam, W, Bergauer, T, Blöch, D, Brondolin, E, Dragicevic, M, Frühwirth, R, Hinger, V, Steininger, H, Beaumont, W, Croce, D, Janssen, X, Lauwers, J, Mechelen, P, Remortel, N, Blekman, F, Chhibra, S, Clercq, J, D'Hondt, J, Lowette, S, Marchesini, I, Moortgat, S, Python, Q, Skovpen, K, Bols, E, Mulders, P, Allard, Y, Beghin, D, Bilin, B, Brun, H, Clerbaux, B, Lentdecker, G, Delannoy, H, Deng, W, Favart, L, Goldouzian, R, Grebenyuk, A, Kalsi, A, Makarenko, I, Moureaux, L, Popov, A, Postiau, N, Robert, F, Song, Z, Thomas, L, Vanlaer, P, Vannerom, D, Wang, Q, Wang, H, Yang, Y, Bondu, O, Bruno, G, Caputo, C, David, P, Delaere, C, Delcourt, M, Giammanco, A, Krintiras, G, Lemaitre, V, Magitteri, A, Piotrzkowski, K, Saggio, A, Szilasi, N, Marono, M, Vischia, P, Zobec, J, Brigljević, V, Ceci, S, Ferenček, D, Roguljić, M, Starodumov, A, Šuša, T, Eerola, P, Heikkilä, J, Brücken, E, Lampén, T, Luukka, P, Martikainen, L, Tuominen, E, Tuuva, T, Agram, J, Andrea, J, Bloch, D, Bonnin, C, Bourgatte, G, Brom, J, Chabert, E, Charles, L, Dangelser, E, Gelé, D, Goerlach, U, Gross, L, Hosselet, J, Krauth, M, Tonon, N, Baulieu, G, Boudoul, G, Caponetto, L, Chanon, N, Contardo, D, Dené, P, Dupasquier, T, Galbit, G, Lumb, N, Mirabito, L, Nodari, B, Perries, S, Donckt, M, Viret, S, Autermann, C, Feld, L, Karpinski, W, Kiesel, M, Klein, K, Lipinski, M, Meuser, D, Ostapchuk, A, Pauls, A, Pierschel, G, Preuten, M, Rauch, M, Röwert, N, Schael, S, Schulz, J, Schwering, G, Teroerde, M, Wlochal, M, Zhukov, V, Dziwok, C, Fluegge, G, Müller, T, Pooth, O, Stahl, A, Ziemons, T, Aldaya, M, Asawatangtrakuldee, C, Eckerlin, G, Eckstein, D, Eichhorn, T, Gallo, E, Guthoff, M, Haranko, M, Harb, A, Keaveney, J, Kleinwort, C, Mankel, R, Maser, H, Meyer, M, Missiroli, M, Muhl, C, Mussgiller, A, Pitzl, D, Reichelt, O, Savitskyi, M, Schuetze, P, Stever, R, Walsh, R, Zuber, A, Benecke, A, Biskop, H, Buhmann, P, Ebrahimi, A, Eich, M, Feindt, F, Froehlich, A, Garutti, E, Gunnellini, P, Haller, J, Hinzmann, A, Kasieczka, G, Klanner, R, Kutzner, V, Lange, T, Matysek, M, Mrowietz, M, Niemeyer, C, Nissan, Y, Pena, K, Perieanu, A, Rieger, O, Schleper, P, Schwandt, J, Schwarz, D, Sonneveld, J, Steinbrück, G, Tews, A, Vormwald, B, Wellhausen, J, Zoi, I, Abbas, M, Ardila, L, Balzer, M, Barth, C, Barvich, T, Baselga, M, Blank, T, Bögelspacher, F, Butz, E, Caselle, M, Boer, W, Dierlamm, A, Morabit, K, Gosewisch, J, Hartmann, F, Husemann, U, Koppenhöfer, R, Kudella, S, Maier, S, Mallows, S, Metzler, M, Muller, T, Neufeld, M, Nürnberg, A, Sander, O, Schell, D, Schröder, M, Schuh, T, Shvetsov, I, Simonis, H, Steck, P, Wassmer, M, Weber, M, Weddigen, A, Anagnostou, G, Asenov, P, Assiouras, P, Daskalakis, G, Kyriakis, A, Loukas, D, Paspalaki, L, Balázs, T, Siklér, F, Vámi, T, Veszprémi, V, Bhardwaj, A, Jain, C, Jain, G, Ranjan, K, Bhattacharya, R, Dutta, S, Chowdhury, S, Saha, G, Sarkar, S, Cariola, P, Creanza, D, de Palma, M, Robertis, G, Fiore, L, Ince, M, Loddo, F, Maggi, G, Martiradonna, S, Mongelli, M, My, S, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Albergo, S, Costa, S, Mattia, A, Potenza, R, Saizu, M, Tricomi, A, Tuve, C, Barbagli, G, Brianzi, M, Cassese, A, Ceccarelli, R, Ciaranfi, R, Ciulli, V, Civinini, C, D'Alessandro, R, Focardi, E, Latino, G, Lenzi, P, Meschini, M, Paoletti, S, Russo, L, Scarlini, E, Sguazzoni, G, Viliani, L, Cerchi, S, Ferro, F, Mulargia, R, Robutti, E, Brivio, F, Dinardo, M, Dini, P, Gennai, S, Guzzi, L, Malvezzi, S, Menasce, D, Moroni, L, Pedrini, D, Zuolo, D, Azzi, P, Bacchetta, N, Bisello, D, Dorigo, T, Pozzobon, N, Tosi, M, Canio, F, Gaioni, L, Manghisoni, M, Ratti, L, Re, V, Riceputi, E, Traversi, G, Baldinelli, G, Bianchi, F, Biasini, M, Bilei, G, Bizzaglia, S, Caprai, M, Cecchi, C, Checcucci, B, Ciangottini, D, Fanò, L, Farnesini, L, Ionica, M, Leonardi, R, Manoni, E, Mantovani, G, Mariani, V, Menichelli, M, Morozzi, A, Moscatelli, F, Passeri, D, Placidi, P, Rossi, A, Santocchia, A, Spiga, D, Storchi, L, Turrioni, C, Androsov, K, Azzurri, P, Bagliesi, G, Basti, A, Beccherle, R, Bertacchi, V, Bianchini, L, Boccali, T, Borrello, L, Bosi, F, Castaldi, R, Ciocci, M, Dell'Orso, R, Fedi, G, Fiori, F, Giannini, L, Giassi, A, Grippo, M, Ligabue, F, Magazzu, G, Manca, E, Mandorli, G, Mazzoni, E, Messineo, A, Moggi, A, Morsani, F, Palla, F, Palmonari, F, Raffaelli, F, Rizzi, A, Spagnolo, P, Tenchini, R, Tonelli, G, Venturi, A, Verdini, P, Bellan, R, Costa, M, Covarelli, R, Dellacasa, G, Demaria, N, Salvo, A, Mazza, G, Migliore, E, Monteil, E, Pacher, L, Paterno, A, Rivetti, A, Solano, A, Simelevicius, D, Rivera, E, Campderros, J, Fernandez, M, Gomez, G, Sanchez, F, Echeverria, R, Moya, D, Jimenez, E, Vila, I, Virto, A, Abbaneo, D, Ahmed, I, Akgun, B, Albert, E, Auzinger, G, Bendotti, J, Berruti, G, Blanchot, G, Boyer, F, Caratelli, A, Ceresa, D, Christiansen, J, Cichy, K, Daguin, J, Deelen, N, Detraz, S, Deyrail, D, Dobson, M, Emriskova, N, Engegaard, B, Faccio, F, Filenius, A, Frank, N, French, T, Fulcher, J, Gajanec, R, Gigi, D, Glege, F, Hansen, M, Hegeman, J, Honma, A, Hugo, G, Hulek, W, Casas, L, Kaplon, J, Kloukinas, K, Kornmayer, A, Koss, N, Kottelat, L, Koukola, D, Kovacs, M, Rosa, A, Lenoir, P, Loos, R, Marchioro, A, Marconi, S, Meijers, F, Mersi, S, Meschi, E, Michelis, S, Martin, C, Onnela, A, Orfanelli, S, Orsini, L, Pakulski, T, Perez, A, Gomez, F, Pernot, J, Petagna, P, Piazza, Q, Postema, H, Prousalidi, T, Rico, R, Racz, A, Labaza, A, Sakulin, H, Scarfí, S, Spathopoulos, S, Sroka, S, Tropea, P, Troska, J, Tsirou, A, Vasey, F, Vichoudis, P, Bertl, W, Caminada, L, Deiters, K, Erdmann, W, Horisberger, R, Kaestli, H, Kotlinski, D, Langenegger, U, Meier, B, Rohe, T, Streuli, S, Bachmair, F, Backhaus, M, Becker, R, Berger, P, di Calafiori, D, Djambazov, L, Donega, M, Grab, C, Hits, D, Hoss, J, Lustermann, W, Masciovecchio, M, Meinhard, M, Perovic, V, Perozzi, L, Ristic, B, Roeser, U, Ruini, D, Tavolaro, V, Wallny, R, Zhu, D, Aarrestad, T, Amsler, C, Bösiger, K, Canelli, F, Chiochia, V, Cosa, A, Burgo, R, Galloni, C, Kilminster, B, Leontsinis, S, Maier, R, Rauco, G, Robmann, P, Takahashi, Y, Zucchetta, A, Chen, P, Hou, W, Lu, R, Moya, M, Tsai, J, Burns, D, Clement, E, Cussans, D, Goldstein, J, Nasr-Storey, S, Coughlan, J, Harder, K, Manolopoulos, K, Tomalin, I, Bainbridge, R, Borg, J, Hall, G, James, T, Pesaresi, M, Summers, S, Uchida, K, Cole, J, Hoad, C, Hobson, P, Reid, I, Bartek, R, Dominguez, A, Uniyal, R, Demiragli, Z, Hazen, E, Rohlf, J, Altopp, G, Burkle, B, Chen, C, Coubez, X, Duh, Y, Hadley, M, Heintz, U, Hinton, N, Hogan, J, Korotkov, A, Lee, J, Narain, M, Sagir, S, Spencer, E, Syarif, R, Truong, V, Usai, E, Voelker, J, Chertok, M, Conway, J, Funk, G, Jensen, F, Lander, R, Macauda, S, Pellett, D, Thomson, J, Yohay, R, Zhang, F, Erhan, S, Hanson, G, Si, W, Gerosa, R, Holzner, A, Krutelyov, S, Sharma, V, Yagil, A, Colegrove, O, Dutta, V, Gouskos, L, Incandela, J, Kyre, S, Qu, H, Quinnan, M, White, D, Cumalat, J, Ford, W, Macdonald, E, Perloff, A, Stenson, K, Ulmer, K, Wagner, S, Alexander, J, Cheng, Y, Chu, J, Cranshaw, D, Datta, A, Mcdermott, K, Monroy, J, Padilla, Y, Quach, D, Rinkevicius, A, Ryd, A, Skinnari, L, Soffi, L, Strohman, C, Tao, Z, Thom, J, Tucker, J, Wittich, P, Zientek, M, Alyari, M, Bakshi, A, Bolla, G, Burkett, K, Butler, J, Canepa, A, Cheung, H, Chramowicz, J, Derylo, G, Ghosh, A, Gingu, C, Gonzalez, H, Grünendahl, S, Hasegawa, S, Hoff, J, Johnson, M, Lei, C, Lipton, R, Liu, M, Los, S, Matulik, M, Merkel, P, Mommsen, R, Nahn, S, Prosser, A, Ravera, F, Rivera, R, Schneider, B, Spalding, W, Spiegel, L, Timpone, S, Uplegger, L, Voirin, E, Weber, H, Zejdl, P, Berry, D, Chen, X, Dittmer, S, Evdokimov, A, Evdokimov, O, Gerber, C, Hofman, D, Mills, C, Alhusseini, M, Durgut, S, Nachtman, J, Onel, Y, Rude, C, Snyder, C, Yi, K, Eminizer, N, Gritsan, A, Maksimovic, P, Roskes, J, Swartz, M, Xiao, M, Baringer, P, Bean, A, Khalil, S, Kropivnitskaya, A, Majumder, D, Schmitz, E, Wilson, G, Ivanov, A, Mendis, R, Mitchell, T, Modak, A, Skhirladze, N, Taylor, R, Acosta, J, Cremaldi, L, Oliveros, S, Perera, L, Summers, D, Bloom, K, Claes, D, Fangmeier, C, Golf, F, Kravchenko, I, Siado, J, Iashvili, I, Kharchilava, A, Mclean, C, Nguyen, D, Parker, A, Pekkanen, J, Rappoccio, S, Hahn, K, Liu, Y, Sung, K, Alimena, J, Cardwell, B, Francis, B, Hill, C, Malik, S, Norberg, S, Vargas, J, Das, S, Jones, M, Jung, A, Khatiwada, A, Negro, G, Thieman, J, Cheng, T, Dolen, J, Parashar, N, Ecklund, K, Freed, S, Kilpatrick, M, Nussbaum, T, Demina, R, Dulemba, J, Hindrichs, O, Bartz, E, Gandrakotra, A, Gershtein, Y, Halkiadakis, E, Hart, A, Kyriacou, S, Lath, A, Nash, K, Osherson, M, Schnetzer, S, Stone, R, Eusebi, R, D'Angelo, P, Johns, W, Padeken, K, Karimeh, W, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CMS, CMS Collaboration, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Sağır, Sinan

Subjects
Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases), Computer science, data acquisition, Controller (computing), Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Data acquisition, hardware, Modular electronics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, CMS, 213 Electronic, automation and communications engineering, electronics, Physics, Detector, integrated circuit, upgrade [detector], detector: upgrade, Upgrade, Advanced Mezzanine Card, Physique des particules élémentaires, design [electronics], control system, databases), Computer hardware, performance, Data acquisition concepts, Optical detector readout concepts, architecture, Integration testing, algorithms, programming, Particle detector, 03 medical and health sciences, semiconductor detector: pixel, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ddc:610, Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitor-ing and slow-control systems, pixel [semiconductor detector], Detector control systems, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, READOUT, Physics and Astronomy, Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitor-ing and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases), Physics, LHC, CMS, DAQ, DCS, Pixel detector, electronics: readout, High energy physics, Experimental particle physics, LHC, Beyond two generations, Excited top quark, Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), Supersymmetry, Beyond Standard Model, Lepton production, business, readout [electronics], electronics: design
Abstract

In 2017 a new pixel detector was installed in the CMS detector. This so-called Phase-1 pixel detector features four barrel layers in the central region and three disks per end in the forward regions. The upgraded pixel detector requires an upgraded data acquisition (DAQ) system to accept a new data format and larger event sizes. A new DAQ and control system has been developed based on a combination of custom and commercial microTCA parts. Custom mezzanine cards on standard carrier cards provide a front-end driver for readout, and two types of front-end controller for configuration and the distribution of clock and trigger signals. Before the installation of the detector the DAQ system underwent a series of integration tests, including readout of the pilot pixel detector, which was constructed with prototype Phase-1 electronics and operated in CMS from 2015 to 2016, quality assurance of the CMS Phase-1 detector during its assembly, and testing with the CMS Central DAQ. This paper describes the Phase-1 pixel DAQ and control system, along with the integration tests and results. A description of the operational experience and performance in data taking is included., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019

24. Large-area Si(Li) Detectors for X-ray Spectrometry and Particle Tracking for the GAPS Experiment

Author

Massimo Manghisoni, S. McBride, Hideyuki Fuke, N. Saffold, Masayoshi Kozai, Steven E. Boggs, Lorenzo Fabris, Norman W. Madden, Alex Lowell, Gianluigi Zampa, Valerio Re, F. Rogers, Charles J. Hailey, E. Riceputi, Mengjiao Xiao, T. Erjavec, K. Perez, and Y. Shimizu

Subjects
Antiparticle, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, silicon sensors, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Tracking (particle physics), Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Dark matter, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Exotic atom, Physics, Annihilation, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Charged particle, chemistry, microelectronics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

© 2019 IEEE. Large-area lithium-drifted silicon (Si(Li)) detectors, operable 150°C above liquid nitrogen temperature, have been developed for the General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS) balloon mission and will form the first such system to operate in space. These 10 cm-diameter, 2.5 mm-thick multi-strip detectors have been verified in the lab to provide < 4 keV FWHM energy resolution for X-rays as well as tracking capability for charged particles, while operating in conditions (~-40C and ~1 Pa) achievable on a long-duration balloon mission with a large detector payload. These characteristics enable the GAPS silicon tracker system to identify cosmic antinuclei via a novel technique based on exotic atom formation, de-excitation, and annihilation. Production and large-scale calibration of ~1000 detectors has begun for the first GAPS flight, scheduled for late 2021. The detectors developed for GAPS may also have other applications, for example in heavy nuclei identification.

Published
2019
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25. Signal and Noise Performance of a 110-nm CMOS Technology for Photon Science Applications

Author

Gianluca Traversi, Roberto Dinapoli, Massimo Manghisoni, Aldo Mozzanica, and E. Riceputi

Subjects
channel thermal noise, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Analogue electronics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, Transconductance, 1/f noise, CMOS, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Noise (electronics), Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, device scaling, front-end electronics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Logic gate, 0103 physical sciences, MOSFET, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Voltage
Abstract

This paper presents a study of the noise behavior of MOSFET devices belonging to a 110-nm CMOS technology in view of applications to the design of low-noise, low-power analog circuits in X-ray detection at free electron lasers (FELs) and the next generation of synchrotrons. The goal of this paper is to provide a valuable and cost-effective option, with respect to more scaled and expensive technology nodes, to designers of the detection systems of FELs and next-generation synchrotron sources. The white component of the noise voltage spectrum and the 1/ $f$ noise contribution is experimentally characterized by noise measurements in a wide frequency range. Data extracted from the characterization have been studied as a function of the bias condition and the gate dimensions (length and width). A comparison of the main parameters with less and more scaled CMOS generations is also provided.

Published
2019

26. Design implementation and test results of the RD53A, a 65 nm large scale chip for next generation pixel detectors at the HL-LHC

Author

M. Garcia-Sciveres, R. Gaglione, P. Breugnon, Fabian Hügging, R. Beccherle, Fabio Morsani, Steven Bell, Stefano Bonaldo, D. Dzahini, Duccio Abbaneo, Luca Pacher, O. Le Dortz, Ta-Wei Wang, Mohsine Menouni, Guido Magazzu, M. Vogt, Francesco Crescioli, T. Benka, G. Neue, M. Da Rocha Rolo, E. Conti, F. Loddo, L. M. Jara Casas, Sally Seidel, Alexandre Rozanov, V. Gromov, G. Marzocca, Norbert Wermes, Fabrizio Palla, Tom Zimmerman, Valentino Liberali, M. Standke, Angelo Rivetti, Pisana Placidi, Mauro Menichelli, V. Kafka, F. De Canio, A. Paterno, Simone Gerardin, Z. Janoska, A. Krieger, V. Wallangen, Gianluca Traversi, Ennio Monteil, Y. Dieter, Alessandro Paccagnella, Alberto Stabile, Dario Gnani, B. Van Eijk, Serena Mattiazzo, Farah Fahim, Marco Bomben, D. Vogrig, Marta Bagatin, B. Nachman, Marlon Barbero, C. Renteira, S. Godiot, E. M. S. Jimenez, G. Marchiori, T. Liu, P. Pangaud, Luca Frontini, D. Gajanana, F. E. Rarbi, Scott Thomas, M. Karagounis, Hans Krüger, P. Rymaszewski, K. Papadopoulou, Tomasz Hemperek, Richard B. Lipton, Nicola Bacchetta, M.L. Prydderch, A. Andreazza, S. Poulios, Cristoforo Marzocca, R. Kluit, Konstantin Androsov, David-leon Pohl, Valerio Re, K. Moustakas, Sandeep Miryala, A. Vitkovskiy, Timon Heim, G. Calderini, F. Licciulli, Jesper Roy Christiansen, R. Carney, G. M. Bilei, M. Minuti, D. Fougeron, Lodovico Ratti, G. Deptuch, F. R. Palomo, G. De Robertis, G. Dellacasa, Luigi Gaioni, M. Daas, Martin Hoeferkamp, E. Lopez-Morillo, Massimo Manghisoni, G. Mazza, A. Stiller, S. Orfanelli, S. Marconi, Ivan Vila, M. Marcisovsky, C. Vacchi, E. Riceputi, Vaclav Vrba, Natale Demaria, L. Tomasek, D. C. Christian, J. Hoff, Fernando Muñoz, Dario Bisello, Miroslav Havranek, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Computer science, readout electronics, sensors, radiation hardness, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, Signal, CMOS image sensors, nuclear electronics, particle tracking, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Microelectronics, 0302 clinical medicine, Design objective, mixed analogue-digital integrated circuits, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Large Hadron Collider, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Mixed-signal integrated circuit, Chip, position sensitive particle detectors, CMOS, silicon radiation detectors, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

International audience; The RD53A large scale pixel demonstrator chip has been developed in 65 nm CMOS technology by the RD53 collaboration, in order to face the unprecedented design requirements of the pixel 2 phase upgrades of the CMS and ATLAS experiments at CERN. This prototype chip is designed to demonstrate that a set of challenging specifications can be met, such as: high granularity (small pixels of 50×50 or 25× 100 µm2) and large pixel chip size (~2x2 cm2), high hit rate (3 GHz/cm2), high readout speed, very high radiation levels (500 Mrad - 1 Grad) and operation with serial powering. Furthermore, coping with the long latency of the trigger signal (~12.5 µs), used to select only events of interest in order to achieve sustainable output data rates, requires increased buffering resources in the limited pixel area. The RD53A chip has been fabricated in an engineer run. It integrates a matrix of 400×192 pixels and features various design variations in the analog and digital pixel matrix for testing purposes. This paper presents an overview of the chip architecture and of the methodologies used for efficient design of large complex mixed signal chips for harsh radiation environments. Experimental results obtained from the characterization of the RD53A chip are reported to demonstrate that design objectives have been achieved. Moreover, design improvements and new features being developed in the RD53B framework for final ATLAS and CMS production chips are discussed

Published
2018

27. Qualification of a high-resolution on-chip injection circuit for the calibration of the DSSC X-ray imager for the European XFEL

Author

Peter Fischer, Manfred Kirchgessner, Andrea Castoldi, S. Maffessanti, Chiara Guazzoni, M. Porro, Massimo Manghisoni, and F. Erdinger

Subjects
Offset (computer science), sezele, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, Detector, Signal compression, Chip, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, Application-specific integrated circuit, Beamline, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Voltage
Abstract

The availability of on-chip sources with high degree of accuracy able to probe the response of the x-ray imaging detectors in all the conditions foreseen at the European XFEL is a key issue in order to implement automated procedures in order to trim gain and offset of each individual pixel channel to the desired target gain mode with the required degree of accuracy at the XFEL beamline/experiment.In the F2 readout ASIC of the DSSC instrument (DEPFET Sensor with Signal Compression) an improved 13 bit voltage DAC coupled to an electrical injection circuit has been implemented. A thorough measurement campaign to qualify the F2 DAC and the injected charge was conducted on a 64×64 miniSDD-F2 chip as a function of all relevant parameters.

Published
2018

28. Characterization of SLVS Driver and Receiver in a 65 nm CMOS Technology for High Energy Physics Applications

Author

Lodovico Ratti, Valerio Re, Francesco De Canio, Gianluca Traversi, Massimo Manghisoni, and Luigi Gaioni

Subjects
Particle physics, Materials science, Transmitter, Transistor, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Radiation, Chip, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Power (physics), law.invention, CMOS, law, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Signal integrity, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Electronic circuit
Abstract

This work is concerned with the design and characterization of an SLVS transmitter/receiver pair, to be used for I/O links in High Energy Physics applications. Core transistors with a power supply of 1.2 V have been considered in the design in order to mitigate the TID effects, due to the harsh radiation environment foreseen. The circuits have been implemented in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The prototype chip was designed and fabricated in the framework of the RD53 project and was completely characterized in the first quarter of 2016. The chip has been also irradiated with X-rays in order to evaluate the effect of the ionizing radiation on the signal integrity

Published
2018

29. Dynamic Compression of the Signal in a Charge Sensitive Amplifier: From Concept to Design

Author

Valerio Re, Daniele Comotti, Lodovico Ratti, Luigi Gaioni, and Massimo Manghisoni

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, business.industry, CMOS, Detector, Electrical engineering, Signal compression, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Signal, Capacitance, front-end, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, dynamic signal compression, Logic gate, Electronic engineering, Dynamic range compression, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Sensitivity (electronics)
Abstract

This work is concerned with the design of a low-noise Charge Sensitive Amplifier featuring a dynamic signal compression based on the non-linear features of an inversion-mode MOS capacitor. These features make the device suitable for applications where a non-linear characteristic of the front-end is required, such as in imaging instrumentation for free electron laser experiments. The aim of the paper is to discuss a methodology for the proper design of the feedback network enabling the dynamic signal compression. Starting from this compression solution, the design of a low-noise Charge Sensitive Amplifier is also discussed. The study has been carried out by referring to a 65 nm CMOS technology.

Published
2015

30. Advantages of a vertical integration process in the design of DNW MAPS

Author

Valerio Re, Gianluca Traversi, Massimo Manghisoni, Lodovico Ratti, Alessia Manazza, and Luigi Gaioni

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CMOS sensor, Luminosity (scattering theory), Low noise front-end electronics, Pixel, CMOS, Far-infrared laser, Process (computing), Nanotechnology, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Characterization (materials science), DNW MAPS, Vertical integration, Electronic engineering, Point (geometry), Instrumentation
Abstract

This work discusses the main features of a CMOS Deep N-well (DNW) monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) fabricated in a vertically integrated technology, where two 130 nm CMOS homogeneous tiers are processed to obtain a 3D integrated circuit (3D-IC). The 3D CMOS MAPS, which was designed in view of vertexing applications to experiments at high luminosity colliders, features a 20 μm pitch for a point resolution of about 5 μm and data sparsification capabilities for high data rate systems. Results from the characterization of different test structures, including single pixels, 3×3 and 8×8 matrices, are presented. In particular, measurements have been performed with an infrared laser source to evaluate the charge collection properties of the proposed vertically integrated sensors.

Published
2015

31. Design and test of clock distribution circuits for the Macro Pixel ASIC

Author

Valerio Re, Lodovico Ratti, Massimo Manghisoni, Gianluca Traversi, F. De Canio, and Luigi Gaioni

Subjects
CMOS, Macro Pixel ASIC, Low power, Clock distribution, Pixel-strip module, High luminosity LHC, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Integrated circuit design, Dissipation, Chip, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Power (physics), Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Application-specific integrated circuit, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electronic engineering, Macro, Instrumentation
Abstract

Clock distribution circuits account for a significant fraction of the power dissipation of the Macro Pixel ASIC (MPA), designed for the pixel layer readout of the so-called Pixel-Strip module in the innermost part of the CMS tracker at the High Luminosity LHC. A test chip including low power clock distribution circuits of the MPA has been designed in a 65 nm CMOS technology and thoroughly tested. This work summarizes the experimental results relevant to the prototype chip, focusing particularly on the power and speed performance and compares such results with those coming from circuit simulations.

Published
2016

32. The PixFEL front-end for X-ray imaging in the radiation environment of next generation FELs

Author

Lorenzo Fabris, Gianluca Traversi, Giovanni Verzellesi, Marco Grassi, G. Rizzo, A. Paladino, G.-F. Dalla Betta, F. Forti, Fabio Morsani, E. Paoloni, Lucio Pancheri, P. Malcovati, G. Batignani, Giulia Casarosa, M. A. Benkechkache, Roberto Mendicino, Lodovico Ratti, Valerio Re, Massimo Manghisoni, C. Vacchi, L. Lodola, S. Bettarini, Hesong Xu, and Daniele Comotti

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, X-ray detector, Radiation, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Optics, law, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Free-electron laser, Laser, 030104 developmental biology, CMOS, Absorbed dose, Photonics, Radiology, business
Abstract

In the framework of the PixFEL project, a processing channel for pixel sensor readout has been designed and fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The detector under development is aimed at applications to coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) at the next generation free electron lasers (FELs). Especially in the detector region around the hole for the unscattered photon beam, pixels will be subjected to huge doses of ionizing radiation, in the order of tens of Grad(SiO 2 , during their lifetime. The total ionizing dose (TID) for the frontend electronics, while significantly reduced by the shielding effect of the detector, is still expected to exceed one Grad(SiO 2 . This paper investigates the performance degradation in the PixFEL readout circuit, in particular in the charge sensitive amplifier, after exposure to X-ray doses up to 100 Mrad(SiO 2 .

Published
2017

33. Development of a Large Pixel Chip Demonstrator in RD53 for ATLAS and CMS Upgrades

Author

Fabrizio Palla, Carla Vacchi, Attilio Andreazza, Jorgen Christiansen, E. Conti, Vratislav Kafka, Ruud Kluit, Vladimir Gromov, Esther Jiménez, Lodovico Ratti, Mark Prydderch, Simone Gerardin, Serena Mattiazzo, Zdenko Janoska, Bob Van Eijk, Mohsine Menouni, Tom Zimmerman, Alessandro Paccagnella, Luis Miguel Jara Casas, Piotr Rymazewski, Nicola Bacchetta, F. R. Palomo, Ivan Vila, Timon Heim, Patrick Breugnon, Stephanie Godiot, Stamatis Poulios, Tianyang Wang, Katerini Papadopoulou, Norbert Wermes, E. Riceputi, Veronica Wallangen, Marco Vogt, Stephen Thomas, Massimo Minuti, Marta Bagatin, Renaud Gaglione, Farah Fahim, Giovanni Mazza, F. Loddo, Angelo Rivetti, Valentino Liberali, Tomas Benka, S. Orfanelli, Michal Marcisovsky, Alberto Stabile, Duccio Abbaneo, M. Karagounis, Natale Demaria, Amanda Krieger, F. Munoz, Manuel Dionisio Da Rocha Rolo, Gianluca Traversi, Ennio Monteil, Maurice Garcia-Sciveres, Luca Frontini, Luca Pacher, Dario Bisello, B. Nachman, Gordon Neue, Rebecca Carney, Patrick Pangaud, Fatah Ellah Rarbi, Giuseppe De Robertis, Cristoforo Marzocca, G. Calderini, Fabian Huegging, Stefano Bonaldo, Alexandre Rozanov, Gian Mario Bilei, Francesco Corsi, Francesco Crescioli, Miroslav Havranek, S. Marconi, F. Licciulli, Konstantin Androsov, Olivier Le Dortz, Fabio Morsani, A. Paterno, Sally Seidel, Dario Gnani, James Hoff, Pisana Placidi, D. Vogrig, Sandeep Miryala, Stephen Jean-Marc Bell, Hans Krueger, Lukas Tomasek, Mauro Menichelli, Valerio Re, David Charles Christian, Tomasz Hemperek, Marco Bomben, Marlon Barbero, Luigi Gaioni, F. Ciciriello, Martin Robert Hoeferkamp, Arseniy Vitkovskiy, Daniel Dzahini, Deepak Gajanna, E. Lopez-Morillo, Massimo Manghisoni, Cesar Renteira, Roberto Beccherle, G. Dellacasa, Giovanni Marchiori, Gregorz Deptuch, Vaclav Vrba, Francesco De Canio, Denis Fougeron, Guido Magazzu, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RD53, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
Computer science, High radiation, Integrated circuit design, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, semiconductor detector: pixel, Atlas (anatomy), RD53 collaboration, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Pixel matrix, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, High rate, Multidisciplinary, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, CMS, 65 nm CMOS pixel chip, ATLAS and CMS phase 2 upgrades, ATLAS, Chip, medicine.anatomical_structure, CMOS, integrated circuit: design, electronics: readout, business, Computer hardware, 65 nm CMOS pixel chip, RD53 collaboration, ATLAS and CMS phase 2 upgrades
Abstract

International audience; RD53A is a large scale 65 nm CMOS pixel demonstrator chip that has been developed by the RD53 collaboration for very high rate (3 GHz/cm$^2$) and very high radiation levels (500 Mrad, possibly 1 Grad) for ATLAS and CMS phase 2 upgrades. It features serial powering operation and design variations in the analog and digital pixel matrix for different testing purposes. The design and verification of RD53A are described together with an outline of the plans to develop final pixel chips for the two experiments.

Published
2017

34. A pixelated x-ray detector for diffraction imaging at next-generation high-rate FEL sources

Author

Fabio Morsani, G. Rizzo, P. Malcovati, Giulia Casarosa, Marco Grassi, Lucio Pancheri, F. Forti, Leonardo Ratti, Anna Paladino, M. A. Benkechkache, G. Batignani, C. Vacchi, Gianluca Traversi, Eugenio Paoloni, Valerio Re, Hesong Xu, Giovanni Verzellesi, Lorenzo Fabris, Daniele Comotti, R. Mendicino, Massimo Manghisoni, G.-F. Dalla Betta, S. Bettarini, and L. Lodola

Subjects
Pixel detectors, X-ray detector, X-ray FEL, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, Dot pitch, Vertical integration, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Readout electronics, TSV, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Physics, Pixel, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Signal compression, Chip, CMOS, Optoelectronics, business, Communication channel
Abstract

The PixFEL collaboration has developed the building blocks for an X-ray imager to be used in applications at FELs. In particular, slim edge pixel detectors with high detection efficiency over a broad energy range, from 1 to 12 keV, have been developed. Moreover, a multichannel readout chip, called PFM2 (PixFEL front-end Matrix 2) and consisting of 32 × 32 cells, has been designed and fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The pixel pitch is 110 μm, the overall area is around 16 mm2. In the chip, different solutions have been implemented for the readout channel, which includes a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) with dynamic signal compression, a time-variant shaper and an A-to-D converter with a 10 bit resolution. The CSA can be configured in four different gain modes, so as to comply with photon energies in the 1 to 10 keV range. The paper will describe in detail the channel architecture and present the results from the characterization of PFM2. It will discuss the design of a new version of the chip, called PFM3, suitable for post-processing with peripheral, under-pad through silicon vias (TSVs), which are needed to develop four-side buttable chips and cover large surfaces with minimum inactive area.

Published
2017

35. 65-nm CMOS Front-End Channel for Pixel Readout in the HL-LHC Radiation Environment

Author

Gianluca Traversi, Valerio Re, E. Riceputi, Massimo Manghisoni, Lodovico Ratti, and Luigi Gaioni

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Preamplifier, electronic noise, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Signal, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, PMOS logic, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, charge preamplifiers, Ionizing radiation effects, Capacitor, CMOS processes, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, CMOS, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

A charge preamplifier has been developed in a 65-nm CMOS technology for processing the signals from the inner pixel layers of the CMS detector, in view of the experiment upgrade for the High-Luminosity (HL) Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The circuit is part of a readout channel implementing a time-over-threshold method for the analog-to-digital conversion of the input charge signal. Samples of the circuit have been exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation, up to 500 Mrad(SiO2), from a low-energy proton source and from an X-ray tube. The test results show that the performance degradation, in terms of charge sensitivity, signal shape, and noise, is compatible with operation in the harsh environment of the HL-LHC. Measurement data from the characterization of preamplifiers using different kinds of capacitors in the feedback network help to gain some insight into the damage mechanisms in pMOS transistors irradiated with large ionizing doses. The dependence of performance degradation on the kind of radiation source used in the tests is also discussed.

Published
2017

36. Test results of the CHIPIX65 asynchronous front-end for the HL-LHC experiment upgrades

Author

Massimo Manghisoni, Valerio Re, Luigi Gaioni, Lodovico Ratti, F. De Canio, and Gianluca Traversi

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Integrated circuit, Electron, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, ionizing radiation effects, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, 0103 physical sciences, Analog front-ends, CMOS processes, electronicnoise, pixel readout, Instrumentation, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Noise measurement, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Dissipation, CMOS, Radiology
Abstract

This work discusses the main results relevant to the characterization of an analogfront-end processor designed in view of experiments with unprecedented particle rates and radiation levels at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The frontend channel presented in this paperis part of the CHIPIX65FE0 prototype, a readout ASIC designed in a 65 nm CMOS technology in the frame of the CERN RD53 collaboration. The prototype integrates $\mathrm{a}64 \times64$ pixelmatrix, divided into two $32 \times64$ sub-matrices with $50 \mu \mathrm{m}$ pitch, embodying two analog front-end architectures based on synchronous and asynchronous hit discriminators. The analog chain takes an overall area close to $1000 \mu \mathrm{m^{2}}$, with a per-channel power dissipation around $5 \mu \mathrm{W}$. The paper is focused on the characterization of the array with asynchronous channels, before and after exposure to ionizing doses up to 630 Mrad(SiO 2 of X-rays. The mean value of the equivalent noise charge (ENC), not significantlyaffected by radiation, is close to 90 electrons with no sensor connected to the front-end. Thethreshold dispersion before irradiation is 55 electrons, for a tuned threshold of 600 electrons, with a moderate increase after irradiation. The assessed performance guarantees sub-1000 electrons stable threshold operations, which is a mandatory feature for highly efficient readoutchips for the HL-LHC.

Published
2017

37. DSSC Prototype Ladder Operation and Performance Study at PETRA III / P04

Author

Pradeep Kalavakuru, Andrea Grande, Andrea Castoldi, Massimo Manghisoni, Jens Buck, Karsten Hansen, Jan Soldat, Georg Weidenspointner, F. Erdinger, Jens Viefhaus, Manfred Kirchgessner, Markus Kuster, Christian Reckleben, Stefano Maffessanti, Monica Turcato, Mattia Donato, Matteo Porro, Chiara Guazzoni, Carlo Fiorini, Peter Fischer, and S. Schlee

Subjects
Physics, Signal processing, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, Free-electron laser, Synchrotron Radiation Source, DESY, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 010309 optics, Optics, Beamline, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Radiology
Abstract

The DSSC (DEPFET Sensor with Signal Compression) is a new instrument with non-linear response and with parallel signal processing (filtering, linear amplification, and 8bit digitization) for all pixels. The DSSC will serve as ultra-fast megapixel imaging detector at the European XFEL (X-ray Free Electron Laser) in Schenefeld, Germany, which began science operation in September this year. In December 2016, at the Variable Polarization XUV Beamline (P04) ofPETRA III, the Synchrotron Radiation Source at DESY in Hamburg, Germany, a prototype ladder system with 128×512 pixels was operated and studied for the first time.The prototype system could be operated and read-out continuously throughout the beamtime. First studies of the performance of the prototype ladder system were performed using the collecteddata. For example, we measured for the first time the system gain for different coarse ASIC gain settings, and studied the dispersion of the gain in a 17×57pixel sensor sub-matrix after using fine ASIC gain settings for gain trimming.

Published
2017

38. Total ionizing dose effects on CMOS devices in a 110 nm technology

Author

Aldo Mozzanica, Luigi Gaioni, Massimo Manghisoni, Valerio Re, E. Riceputi, and Roberto Dinapoli

Subjects
Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Radiation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Particle detector, Ionizing radiation, CMOS, Absorbed dose, Logic gate, 0103 physical sciences, MOSFET, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

A detailed characterization of CMOS devices in a technology process with minimum channel length of 110 nm and manufactured by UMC is reported in this work. The devices were evaluated before and after exposure to X-ray from a 10 keV source, up to a Total Ionizing Dose (TID) of 5 Mrad. This study provides useful hints in the design of front-end systems for the readout of pixel radiation detectors in harsh radiation environment. The results shown in this work are the first step of an activity aiming at studying the effects of ionizing radiation on noise and static performance of the investigated technology.

Published
2017

39. First operation of a DSSC hybrid 2D Soft X-ray imager with 4.5 MHz frame rate

Author

Jan Soldat, F. Erdinger, Manfred Kirchgessner, Pradeep Kalavakuru, Peter Fischer, Janusz Szymanski, Christian Reckleben, M. Porro, Andrea Grande, Karsten Hansen, Massimo Manghisoni, Carlo Fiorini, Daniele Comotti, and B. Nasri

Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Frame rate, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Particle detector, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Optics, Application-specific integrated circuit, Computer data storage, Photonics, business, Data transmission
Abstract

The DSSC (DEPFET Sensor with Signal Compression) collaboration develops a hybrid pixelated X-Ray photon detector with 4.5 MHz frame rate and immediate amplitude digitization for experiments at the European XFEL. We present the first full format 14.9×14 mm2 F1 pixel readout ASIC for the DSSC detector. The readout architecture is specially adapted to the burst structure of the XFEL (bursts of 2880 pulses spaced by down to 220 ns at a rate of 10 Hz) by in-pixel digitization and digital hit data storage and data transfer during the burst gaps. The readout ASIC contains 64×64 pixels of 229×204 μm2size and includes per pixel two low noise front-end versions for DEPFET and silicon drift detectors (SDD), a single-slope 8-bit ADC and local memory. Measurements using the F1 ASIC and a matching mini-SDD sensor matrix are shown.

Published
2017

40. First experimental results on active and slim-edge silicon sensors for XFEL

Author

G.-F. Dalla Betta, Piero Malcovati, Antonio Paladino, Giovanni Verzellesi, Sabina Ronchin, Marco Grassi, M. E. A. Benkechcache, Maurizio Boscardin, Giulia Casarosa, Eugenio Paoloni, Fabio Morsani, Lodovico Ratti, Gianluca Traversi, G. Batignani, Hesong Xu, Lorenzo Fabris, L. Lodola, F. Forti, Massimo Manghisoni, G. Rizzo, S. Bettarini, Valerio Re, C. Vacchi, Lucio Pancheri, and Marcello Giorgi

Subjects
Fabrication, Materials science, Instrumentation for FEL, Solid state detectors, X-ray detectors, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Silicon, X-ray detector, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Wafer, Diode, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Free-electron laser, Biasing, Laser, chemistry, business
Abstract

This work presents the first characterization results obtained on a pilot fabrication run of planar sensors, tailored for X-ray imaging applications at FELs, developed in the framework of INFN project PixFEL. Active and slim-edge p-on-n sensors are fabricated on n-type high-resistivity silicon with 450 μm thickness, bonded to a support wafer. Both diodes and pixelated sensors with a pitch of 110 μm are included in the design. Edge structures with different number of guard rings are designed to comply with the large bias voltage required by the application after accumulating an ionizing radiation dose as large as 1GGy. Preliminary results from the electrical characterization of the produced sensors, providing a first assessment of the proposed approach, are discussed. A functional characterization of the sensors with a pulsed infrared laser is also presented, demonstrating the validity of slim-edge configurations.

Published
2016

41. Review of radiation damage studies on DNW CMOS MAPS

Author

Lodovico Ratti, Massimo Manghisoni, S. Bettarini, Luciano Bosisio, Valerio Re, Gianluca Traversi, Stefano Zucca, G. Rizzo, Alessia Manazza, Luigi Gaioni, Irina Rashevskaya, Vladimir Cindro, Fabio Morsani, Traversi, G., Gaioni, L., Manazza, A., Manghisoni, M., Ratti, L., Re, V., Zucca, S., Bettarini, S., Rizzo, G., Morsani, F., Bosisio, Luciano, Rashevskaya, Irina, and Cindro, V.

Subjects
Ionizing radiation, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Charge collection efficiency, CMOS monolithic active pixel sensors MAPS, Analog front-end, Radiation, Laser, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Fluence, deep N-well, ionizing radiation, analog front-end, bulk damage, charge collection efficiency, law.invention, Bulk damage, Deep N-well, Instrumentation, CMOS, law, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Neutron, Irradiation, business, Diode
Abstract

Monolithic active pixelsensors fabricated in abulk CMOS technology with no epitaxial layer and standard resistivity(10 Ω cm) substrate, featuring a deep N-well as the collecting electrode (DNW MAPS), have been exposed to γ-rays, up to a final dose of 10 Mrad (SiO2), and to neutrons from a nuclear reactor, up to a total 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence of about 3.7 x 10^13 cm^−2. The irradiation campaign was aimed at studying the effects of radiation on the most significant parameters of the front-end electronics and on the charge collection properties of the sensors. Device characterization has been carried out before and after irradiations. The DNW MAPS irradiated with 60Co γ-rays were also subjected to high temperature annealing (100 C for 168 h). Measurements have been performed through a number of different techniques, including electrical characterization of the front-end electronics and of DNW diodes, laser stimulation of the sensors and tests with 55Fe and 90Sr radioactive sources. This paper reviews the measurement results, their relation with the damage mechanisms underlying performance degradation and provides a new comparison between DNW devices and MAPS fabricated in a CMOS process with high resistivity (1 kΩ cm) epitaxial layer.

Published
2013

42. The first fully functional 3D CMOS chip with Deep N-well active pixel sensors for the ILC vertex detector

Author

Massimo Manghisoni, A. Manazza, Luigi Gaioni, Gianluca Traversi, Valerio Re, and Lodovico Ratti

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CMOS sensor, CMOS monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS), deep N-well (DNW), vertically integrated technology, 3D-IC, analog front-end, International Linear Collider, Pixel, Capacitive sensing, Detector, Transistor, Three-dimensional integrated circuit, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, law.invention, Analog front-end, law, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electronic engineering, Instrumentation
Abstract

This work presents the characterization of Deep N-well (DNW) active pixel sensors fabricated in a vertically integrated technology. The DNW approach takes advantage of the triple well structure to lay out a sensor with relatively large charge collecting area (as compared to standard three transistor MAPS), while the readout is performed by a classical signal processing chain for capacitive detectors. This new 3D design relies upon stacking two homogeneous tiers fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS process where the top tier is thinned down to about 12 μ m to expose through silicon vias (TSV), therefore making connection to the buried circuits possible. This technology has been used to design a fine pitch 3D CMOS sensor with sparsification capabilities, in view of vertexing applications to the International Linear Collider (ILC) experiments. Results from the characterization of different kind of test structures, including single pixels, 3×3 and 8×8 matrices, are presented.

Published
2013

43. Radiation Tolerance of Devices and Circuits in a 3D Technology Based on the Vertical Integration of Two 130-nm CMOS Layers

Author

Lodovico Ratti, Alessia Manazza, Gianluca Traversi, Valerio Re, Massimo Manghisoni, and Luigi Gaioni

Subjects
noise, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, business.industry, Transistor, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Noise (electronics), Ionizing radiation, law.invention, MOSFET, ionizing radiation effects, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, CMOS, CMOS sensors, law, Absorbed dose, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 3D integration, business, Radiation hardening, Electronic circuit
Abstract

Total ionizing dose effects are studied in 130-nm transistors and pixel sensors in a vertically integrated two-layer CMOS technology, evaluating the possible impact of 3D integration on radiation tolerance and damage mechanisms. Measurements of static characteristics and noise voltage spectra before and after exposure to high total ionizing doses demonstrate that the analog performance of transistors as well as their radiation hardness are not degraded by mechanical and thermal stresses occurring during the fabrication of the 3D chips. The paper also presents irradiation results on 3D CMOS pixel sensors with a sparsified readout architecture. After exposure to ionizing radiation, these devices behave in a very similar way as analogous counterparts in a standard 2D 130-nm process, confirming that performance advantages associated with 3D integration are not impaired by an enhanced radiation sensitivity.

Published
2013

44. First results from the characterization of a three-dimensional deep N-well MAPS prototype for vertexing applications

Author

Massimo Manghisoni, Luigi Gaioni, Gianluca Traversi, Alessia Manazza, Lodovico Ratti, and Valerio Re

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Interconnection, CMOS sensor, Low noise front-end electronics, Pixel, Particle tracking, business.industry, CMOS, Stacking, DNW MAPS, Vertical integration, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Characterization (materials science), Planar, Wafer, business, Instrumentation, Computer hardware
Abstract

The prototype of a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) has been characterized. The device, featuring a 20μm pitch, was designed based on the same approach that was adopted in developing the so-called deep N-well (DNW) MAPS in planar CMOS process. The new 3D design relies upon stacking two homogeneous tiers fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS technology. Different kinds of test structures, including single pixels, 3×3 arrays and 8×8 and 16×16 matrices were tested. Functionality of the collecting deep N-well electrode, the analog front-end and the digital readout electronics has been demonstrated. Inter-tier communication was found to work properly in the case of redundant interconnection and could be exploited for the test of the analog pixel section. On the other hand, inter-tier interconnections based on individual bond pads were proven ineffective likely due to wafer misalignment.

Published
2013

45. A 65-nm CMOS Prototype Chip With Monolithic Pixel Sensors and Fast Front-End Electronics

Author

Luigi Gaioni, Massimo Manghisoni, Gianluca Traversi, Lodovico Ratti, and Valerio Re

Subjects
low-noise front-end electronics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Pixel, business.industry, CMOS, Electrical engineering, Readout electronics, device scaling, DNW MAPS, Chip, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Front end electronics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nuclear electronics, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electronic engineering, Electronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

This work is concerned with the design criteria and the experimental characterization of front-end electronics in a 65-nm CMOS technology for the readout of hybrid pixels and of monolithic active pixel sensors using a deep N-well as their collecting electrode. The work presents a summary of the experimental results relevant to a prototype chip, named Apsel65, focusing particularly on the front-end processor features and performance.

Published
2012

46. PFM2: A 32 × 32 processor for X-ray diffraction imaging at FELs

Author

Maurizio Boscardin, Marcello Giorgi, Giulia Casarosa, Lodovico Ratti, Hesong Xu, Lucio Pancheri, M. E. A. Benkechcache, Fabio Morsani, G. Batignani, Antonio Paladino, Giovanni Verzellesi, Sabina Ronchin, Valerio Re, G. Rizzo, Piero Malcovati, Gianluca Traversi, F. Forti, Massimo Manghisoni, Lorenzo Fabris, S. Bettarini, C. Vacchi, G.-F. Dalla Betta, L. Lodola, Eugenio Paoloni, and Marco Grassi

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Preamplifier, business.industry, Amplifier, Electrical engineering, Signal compression, Instrumentation for FEL, Chip, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Front-end electronics for detector readout, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, CMOS, Application-specific integrated circuit, Filter (video), 0103 physical sciences, business
Abstract

This work is concerned with the design of a readout chip for application to experiments at the next generation X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FEL). The ASIC, named PixFEL Matrix (PFM2), has been designed in a 65 nm CMOS technology and consists of 32 × 32 pixels. Each cell covers an area of 110 × 110 μm2 and includes a low-noise charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) with dynamic signal compression, a time-variant shaper used to process the preamplifier output signal, a 10-bit successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital circuitry for channel control and data readout. Two different solutions for the readout channel, based on different versions of the time-variant filter, have been integrated in the chip. Both solutions can be operated in such a way to cope with the high frame rate (exceeding 1 MHz) foreseen for future X-ray FEL machines. The ASIC will be bump bonded to a slim/active edge pixel sensor to form the first demonstrator for the PixFEL X-ray imager. This work has been carried out in the frame of the PixFEL project funded by Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy.

Published
2016

47. Charge preamplifier in a 65 nm CMOS technology for pixel readout in the Grad TID regime

Author

Gianluca Traversi, E. Riceputi, Luigi Gaioni, Massimo Manghisoni, Valerio Re, and Lodovico Ratti

Subjects
Physics, CMOS process, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Preamplifier, business.industry, Detector, electronic noise, charge preamplifiers, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, Capacitance, Signal, Noise (electronics), CMOS, Logic gate, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Total ionising dose, business, Sensitivity (electronics)
Abstract

A charge preamplifier has been developed in a 65 nm CMOS technology for processing the signal from the inner pixel layers of the CMS detector, in view of the experiment upgrade for the High Luminosity (HL) LHC. The circuit is part of a readout channel implementing a time-over-threshold method for analog-to digital-conversion of the charge signal. Samples of the circuit have been exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation, up to 8 MGy, from a low energy proton source. The main purpose is to study the radiation-induced degradation of the preamplifier parameters (charge sensitivity, noise, signal shape), in view of its use in the harsh environment of the HL-LHC, where integrated ionizing doses in the range of 1 Grad are expected during the detector lifetime.

Published
2016

48. The PixFEL project: Progress towards a fine pitch X-ray imaging camera for next generation FEL facilities

Author

Fabio Morsani, Lodovico Ratti, F. Forti, Gianluca Traversi, Massimo Manghisoni, S. Bettarini, Antonio Paladino, Giovanni Verzellesi, C. Vacchi, G.-F. Dalla Betta, Marco Grassi, Giulia Casarosa, G. Batignani, M. A. Benkechkache, Piero Malcovati, Eugenio Paoloni, Lucio Pancheri, Valerio Re, Lorenzo Fabris, L. Lodola, Daniele Comotti, G. Rizzo, Roberto Mendicino, and Hesong Xu

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instrumentation for FEL, Solid state detectors, X-ray detectors, Instrumentation, Image processing, 01 natural sciences, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 0103 physical sciences, Wide dynamic range, Physics, Interconnection, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Burst mode (photography), Frame rate, Chip, CMOS, business
Abstract

The INFN PixFEL project is developing the fundamental building blocks for a large area X-ray imaging camera to be deployed at next generation free electron laser (FEL) facilities with unprecedented intensity. Improvement in performance beyond the state of art in imaging instrumentation will be explored adopting advanced technologies like active edge sensors, a 65 nm node CMOS process and vertical integration. These are the key ingredients of the PixFEL project to realize a seamless large area focal plane instrument composed by a matrix of multilayer four-side buttable tiles. In order to minimize the dead area and reduce ambiguities in image reconstruction, a fine pitch active edge thick sensor is being optimized to cope with very high intensity photon flux, up to 104 photons per pixel, in the range from 1 to 10 keV. A low noise analog front-end channel with this wide dynamic range and a novel dynamic compression feature, together with a low power 10 bit analog to digital conversion up to 5 MHz, has been realized in a 110 μm pitch with a 65 nm CMOS process. Vertical interconnection of two CMOS tiers will be also explored in the future to build a four-side buttable readout chip with high density memories. In the long run the objective of the PixFEL project is to build a flexible X-ray imaging camera for operation both in burst mode, like at the European X-FEL, or in continuous mode with the high frame rates anticipated for future FEL facilities.

Published
2016

49. In-pixel conversion with a 10 bit SAR ADC for next generation X-ray FELs

Author

Piero Malcovati, Roberto Mendicino, Giulia Casarosa, Valerio Re, Saida Latreche, G.-F. Dalla Betta, Marco Grassi, Fabio Morsani, Hesong Xu, G. Rizzo, Daniele Comotti, Lodovico Ratti, Lucio Pancheri, Antonio Paladino, Giovanni Verzellesi, Gianluca Traversi, G. Batignani, F. Forti, L. Lodola, Lorenzo Fabris, Eugenio Paoloni, M. A. Benkechkache, Massimo Manghisoni, S. Bettarini, and C. Vacchi

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, In-pixel conversion, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Microelectronics, ADC, CMOS, XFEL, Instrumentation, Physics, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Detector, Free-electron laser, Successive approximation ADC, Laser, business, Communication channel
Abstract

This work presents the design of an interleaved Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADC, part of the readout channel for the PixFEL detector. The PixFEL project aims at substantially advancing the state-of-the-art in the field of 2D X-ray imaging for applications at the next generation Free Electron Laser (FEL) facilities. For this purpose, the collaboration is developing the fundamental microelectronic building blocks for the readout channel. This work focuses on the design of the ADC carried out in a 65 nm CMOS technology. To obtain a good tradeoff between power consumption, conversion speed and area occupation, an interleaved SAR ADC architecture was adopted.

Published
2016

50. 65 nm CMOS analog front-end for pixel detectors at the HL-LHC

Author

Gianluca Traversi, Lodovico Ratti, Valerio Re, F. De Canio, Massimo Manghisoni, and Luigi Gaioni

Subjects
Physics, Comparator, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Preamplifier, business.industry, Amplifier, Detector, Electrical engineering, Chip, 01 natural sciences, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Particle detector, Analog front-end, Analogue electronic circuits, Front-end electronics for detector readout, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, CMOS, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

This work is concerned with the design and the experimental characterization of analog front-end electronics conceived for experiments with unprecedented particle rates and radiation levels at future high-energy physics colliders. A prototype chip integrating different test structures has been submitted in the framework of the CHIPIX65 project. These structures are standalone channels for the readout of hybrid pixels, featuring a charge sensitive preamplifier as the first stage of the readout chain, a high-speed comparator and a circuit for fine threshold tuning. The paper thoroughly discusses the results, mainly focused on the charge sensitive amplifier, coming from the characterization of the submitted test structures.

Published
2016

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