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Background and objective Recent research has highlighted the need for urban heritage conservation due to rapid urbanisation, especially in Asian cities; however, few studies have investigated the socioeconomic impacts of heritage assets in urban contexts. This study examined urban heritage sites in Seoul Metropolitan City from the perspective of residents’ environmental satisfaction and housing prices. Methods A spatial regression model was developed to examine the associations between urban heritage sites and their corresponding protected areas as the independent variables (nationally assigned cultural heritage, city-assigned cultural heritage, nationally registered cultural heritage, nationally assigned cultural heritage protected area, and city-assigned cultural heritage protected area) and residential environmental satisfaction and housing prices as the dependent variables. The model investigated how urban heritage sites influence housing prices through the mediating effect of residential environmental satisfaction. Results The results confirmed the impact of urban heritage sites on housing prices and the mediating effect of residential environmental satisfaction. Moreover, depending on their urban heritage classifications, noticeable differences were evident in the impact of urban heritage sites. Conclusion These findings provide an intellectual foundation for public policies, offering insights into how they might achieve an optimum balance between private and public interests in matters of heritage conservation.

Closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) is a brain modulation technique in which sounds are timed to enhance or disrupt endogenous neurophysiological events. CLAS of slow oscillation up-states in sleep is becoming a popular tool to study and potentially enhance sleep’s functions, as it can increase slow oscillations, evoke sleep spindles, and enhance memory consolidation of certain tasks. However, few studies have examined the specific neurophysiological mechanisms involved in CLAS, in part because of practical limitations to commonly-used tools. To evaluate evidence for possible models of how sound stimulation during brain up-states might generate slow oscillations, we simultaneously recorded electro- and magnetoencephalography in human participants who received auditory stimulation across sleep stages and neural oscillation phases. The results suggest that auditory information reaches ventral frontal lobe areas via non-lemniscal pathways. From there, a slow oscillation is created and propagated. We demonstrate that while the state of excitability of tissue in auditory cortex and frontal ventral regions shows some synchrony with the EEG-recorded up-states that are commonly used for CLAS, it is the state of ventral frontal regions that is most critical for slow oscillation generation. Our findings advance models of how CLAS leads to enhancement of slow oscillations, sleep spindles, and associated cognitive benefits, and offer insight into how the effectiveness of brain stimulation techniques can be improved.

Background Bronchoscopy is commonly used to evaluate suspicious lung lesions. The yield is likely dependent on patient, radiographic, and bronchoscopic factors. Few studies have assessed these factors simultaneously while also including the preprocedure physician-assessed probability of cancer (pCA) when assessing yield. Methods This study is a secondary data analysis from a prospective multicenter trial. Diagnostic yield of standard bronchoscopy with biopsy ± fluoroscopy, endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), electromagnetic navigation, and combination bronchoscopies was assessed. Definitions for diagnostic and nondiagnostic bronchoscopies were rigorously predefined. The association of diagnostic yield with individual variables was examined by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses where appropriate. Results A total of 687 patients were included from 28 sites. Overall diagnostic yield was 69%; 80% for EBUS, 55% for bronchoscopy with biopsy ± fluoroscopy, 57% for electromagnetic navigation, and 74% for combination procedures (P 60% yielded a positive result in 77% (P Conclusions This study is the first to assess the yield of bronchoscopy according to physician-assessed pCA in a large, prospective multicenter trial. The yield of bronchoscopy varied greatly according to physician suspicion that cancer is present, the patients’ clinical/radiographic features, and the type of procedure performed. Of the procedures performed, EBUS-TBNA was the most likely to provide a diagnosis.

Background Studies have suggested that a fasciculoventricular pathway (FVP) may be the cause of preexcitation in patients with Danon disease, a rare X-linked dominant genetic disorder of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of ventricular preexcitation on resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with Danon disease and the electrophysiological study (EPS) results of those with preexcitation. Methods Patients with confirmed Danon disease diagnosed with preexcitation (PR ≤120 ms, delta wave, QRS >110 ms) on ECG were included from a multicenter registry. The incidence of arrhythmias, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) procedures, ICD shocks, and EPS results were collected. Results Thirteen of 40 patients (32.5%) with Danon disease were found to have preexcitation (mean age 17.3 years; 38% women). EPS performed in 9 of 13 patients (69%) demonstrated FVP only in 2 (22.2%), extranodal pathway without exclusion of FVP in 2 (22.2%), and both FVP and extranodal pathway in 5 (55.6%). Two patients had malignant accessory pathway (AP) properties. Over median follow-up of 842 days (interquartile range 138–1678), 11 patients (85%) had ICD placement, and 6 (46.1%) underwent heart transplantation. No patients required therapy for ventricular tachycardia, and 2 patients (15%) had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Conclusion In a large multicenter cohort of patients with Danon disease, there was a high prevalence of FVP and extranodal pathways diagnosed on EPS in those with preexcitation. These findings suggest patients with preexcitation and Danon disease should undergo EPS to assess for FVP and potentially malignant extranodal AP.

Background and objective. Increasing physical activity (PA) is safe and beneficial in lung cancer (LC) patients. Advanced-stage LC patients are under-studied and have worse symptoms and quality of life (QoL). We evaluated the feasibility of monitoring step count in advanced LC as well as potential correlations between PA and QoL. Methods. This is a prospective, observational study of 39 consecutive patients with advanced-stage LC. Daily step count over 1 week (via Fitbit Zip), QoL, dyspnea, and depression scores were collected. Spearman rank testing was used to assess correlations. Correlation coefficients (ρ) >0.3 or

Danon Disease is a rare X-linked myopathy associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. The prevalence of WPW in Danon Disease is unclear. This study examined the prevalence of WPW and associated outcomes in a cohort of Danon Disease patients. EKGs of 28

The development of transport and land use strategies tends to rely, to a large degree, on inputs from large strategic models. Although it is commonplace for such models to assess the economic and environmental impacts of transport strategies, few provide any real understanding of their social impacts. This paper reports on a study that aims to improve how the social sustainability of transport strategies is considered. The study is part of a wider project conducted to improve the ability to assess the overall sustainability of transport decisions. It describes the four-stage method that was adopted. The approach is pioneering, focusing as it does on accessibility to key services and facilities as a primary measure of social sustainability. Nevertheless, the approach has a number of serious limitations in both selecting indicators and applying them in practice. It is also clear from the experiences with adapting the outputs of state-of-the-art models that the technical capacity for assessing the social implications of transport continues to fall well short of the technical capacity for assessing the economic and environmental impacts of strategies. A series of recommendations to improve the technical capacity in this respect is provided.

The immunogenicities of candidate DNA- and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-vectored human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines were evaluated on their own and in a prime–boost regimen in phase I clinical trials in healthy uninfected individuals in the United Kingdom. Given the current lack of approaches capable of inducing broad HIV-neutralizing antibodies, the pTHr.HIVA DNA and MVA.HIVA vaccines focus solely on the induction of cell-mediated immunity. The vaccines expressed a common immunogen, HIVA, which consists of consensus HIV-1 clade A Gag p24/p17 proteins fused to a string of clade A-derived epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Volunteers' fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested for HIV-specific responses in a validated gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay using four overlapping peptide pools across the Gag domain and three pools of known CTL epitopes present in all of the HIVA protein. Both the DNA and the MVA vaccines alone and in a DNA prime–MVA boost combination were safe and induced HIV-specific responses in 14 out of 18, seven out of eight and eight out of nine volunteers, respectively. These results are very encouraging and justify further vaccine development.

This study investigates what preservice elementary school teachers assume about children's capacities to learn about equity issues and how teachers might translate teaching for social justice into actual classroom practices. Participants said they did not see the age of their students as a barrier to teaching for social justice, although their ways of conceptualizing this varied considerably, and those teaching grade 4–6 students were generally more risk-taking in the curricular and pedagogical choices they made. We found that the concepts of childhood innocence and developmental appropriateness mediated the topics and approach to topics that beginning teachers considered. Roughly half the participants believed that younger children are relatively uninterested in the events of the day, are incapable of forming nuanced opinions, and are unable to analyze political issues; while the other half disagreed. Participants concerned about engendering negative emotional responses from elementary students made more...

If you’ve visited a school library recently, you’ll know that it’s a very social place. Theonly straight rows you will see in this classroom are in the stacks. Collaboration is thefocus of teaching and learning strategies in the school library program. Teacherlibrarianscollaborate with classroom teachers to plan, teach and assess research units.The instructional approach in the library is constructivist, with students creating theirown understanding, most often through collaborative activities, and the conversationcontinues with the school library providing fundamental support for independent readingand engagement in reading. There is no program in the school that is better suited toexploiting the possibilities of social software.

Fish sanctuaries are types of aquatic protected areas common throughout the landlocked country of Lao PDR. The key to their successful implementation in Laos appears to be local support. Therefore, they fit well within the context of community-based fisheries/co-management programmes. Fish sanctuaries are almost always established in deep-water pools, which serve as important dry season refuges for fish. The best-known fish sanctuaries in Laos are known as Fish Conservation Zones (FCZs), and are found in the mainstream Mekong River in Khong district, Champasak province, southern Laos. In Khong, there is increasing evidence that FCZs established by villagers, but with government support, are important places of concentration for various fish species. FCZs can benefit fish stocks, especially relatively sedentary species, but also highly migratory ones. FCZs are not panaceas for solving all the fisheries problems in Laos or the Mekong River Basin, but they represent important management tools that should not be overlooked.

DNA- and modified virus Ankara (MVA)-vectored candidate vaccines expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade A-derived p24/p17 gag fused to a string of HLA class I epitopes, called HIVA, were tested in phase I trials in healthy, HIV-1/2-uninfected adults in Oxford, United Kingdom. Eighteen volunteers were vaccinated with pTHr.HIVA DNA (IAVI-001) alone, 8 volunteers received MVA.HIVA (IAVI-003) alone and 9 volunteers from study IAVI-001 were boosted with MVA.HIVA 9-14 months after DNA priming (IAVI-005). Immunogenicity results observed in these trials was published previously [Mwau M, Cebere I, Sutton J, Chikoti P, Winstone N, Wee EG-T, et al. An HIV-1 clade A vaccine in clinical trials: stimulation of HIV-specific T cell responses by DNA and recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccines in humans. J Gen Virol 2004;85:911-9]. Here, we report on the safety of the two vaccines and the vaccine regimes. Overall, both candidate vaccines were safe and well tolerated. There were no reported vaccine-related adverse events over the 6-month period of the study and up to 2 years after the last vaccination. There were no moderate or severe local symptoms recorded after the pTHr.HIVA DNA intramuscular administration. Almost all participants experienced local reactogenicity events such as redness and induration after MVA.HIVA intradermal injection. Thus, the results from these initial small phase I trials administering the pTHr.HIVA DNA and MVA.HIVA vaccines either alone or in a prime-boost regime to healthy HIV-1/2-negative adults indicated that the vaccines were safe and warranted further testing of this approach in larger phase I/II studies.

During a multi-district study on part-time teaching employment, part-time teachers, school administrators, and teachers’ association officials spoke about a range of micropolitical activities related to part-time teaching arrangements as a component of flexible workforces and as an element of flexible workplaces. The study was conducted in one Canadian province during a period of rapidly imposed changes, including funding cuts, typical of the globalized school restructuring movement. We describe administrators’ strategic efforts to mobilize their biases related to part-time teaching employment by organizing their micropolitical resources either to support that preference or to minimize such arrangements. We discuss the strategies that part-time teachers used in order to survive as flexible workers, and sometimes to flourish in rather fragile versions of flexible workplaces. We conclude by noting micropolitical themes that have application beyond the little-studied subculture of part-time teaching. These themes offer insights about power, perceptions, values, and gender that apply more widely to the micropolitics of school organizations.

Part One: Theorizing Museum Ethics 1. The Contingent Nature of the New Museum Ethics Janet Marstine 2. The Art of Ethics: Theories and Applications to Museum Practice Judith Chelius Stark 3. GoodWork in Museums Today...and Tomorrow Celka Straughn and Howard Gardner 4. Museums and the End of Materialism Robert R. Janes 5. Changing the Rules of the Road: Post-colonialism and the New Ethics of Museum Anthropology Christina Kreps 6. "Aroha mai: Whose Museum?" The Rise of Indigenous Ethics within Museum Contexts: A Maori-tribal Perspective Paul Tapsell 7. The Responsibility of Representation: A Feminist Perspective Hilde Hein Part Two: Ethics, Activism and Social Responsibility 8. On Ethics, Activism and Human Rights Richard Sandell 9. Collaboration, Contestation and Creative Conflict: On the Efficacy of Museum/Community Partnerships Bernadette T. Lynch 10. An Experimental Approach to Strengthen the Role of Science Centers in the Governance of Science Andrea Bandelli and Elly Konijn 11. Peering into the Bedroom: Restorative Justice at the Jane Addams Hull-House Museum Lisa Yun Lee 12. Being Responsive to be Responsible: Museums and Audience Development Claudia B. Ocello 13. Ethics and Challenges of Museum Marketing Yung-Neng Lin 14. Memorial Museums and the Objectification of Suffering Paul Williams Part Three: The Radical Potential of Museum Transparency 15. Cultural Equity in the Sustainable Museum Tristram Besterman 16. 'Dance through the Minefield': The Development of Practical Ethics for Repatriation Michael Pickering 17. Visible Listening-Discussion, Debate and Governance in the Museum James M. Bradburne 18. Ethical, Entrepreneurial or Inappropriate? Business Practices in Museums James B. Gardner 19. "Why is this here?": Art Museum Texts as Ethical Guides Pamela Z. McClusky 20. Transfer Protocols: Museum Codes and Ethics in the New Digital Environment Ross Parry 21. Sharing Conservation Ethics, Practice and Decision-Making with Museum Visitors Mary M. Brooks Part Four: Visual Culture and the Performance of Museum Ethics 22. The Body in the (White) Box: Corporeal Ethics and Museum Representation Mara Gladstone and Janet Catherine Berlo 23. Towards an Ethics of Museum Architecture Suzanne MacLeod 24. Museum Censorship Christopher B. Steiner 25. Ethics of Confrontational Drama in Museums Bjarne Sode Funch 26. Conservation Practice as Enacted Ethics Dinah Eastop 27. Bioart and Nanoart in a Museum Context: Terms of Engagement Ellen K. Levy

This was a 3-year retrospective cohort study of traumatic injuries in a midwestern pork meatpacking plant. Based on n = 5410 workers, this was a diverse workforce: Caucasian (56.6%), Hispanic (38.9%), African American (2.7%), Asian (1.1%) and Native American (0.8%). There were n = 1655 employees with traumatic injuries during this period. At 6 months of employment, the probability of injury was 33% in the harvest workers who were responsible for slaughter operations. The overall incidence injury rate was 22.76 per 100 full-time employees per year. Women experienced a higher incidence for injury than men. The risk ratio (RR) for traumatic injury was significantly lower in Hispanic workers compared to Caucasians (RR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.49-0.60) and nonsignificantly higher in African American and Native American workers after adjusting for age, gender, work section assignment, and experience (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.21-1.47). These findings suggest that either Hispanics are very safe employees or they underreport injuries. We make the case for the latter in the discussion.