12 results on '"Martvon L"'
Search Results
2. Modulation of Cough Reflex by Gaba-Ergic Inhibition in Medullary Raphé of the Cat
- Author
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Martvon, L., primary, Kotmanova, Z., additional, Dobrolubov, B., additional, Babalova, L., additional, Simera, M., additional, Veternik, M., additional, Pitts, T., additional, Jakus, J., additional, and Poliacek, I., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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3. GABA-ergic neurotransmission in the nucleus of the solitary tract modulates cough in the cat
- Author
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Kotmanova, Z., primary, Simera, M., additional, Veternik, M., additional, Martvon, L., additional, Misek, J., additional, Jakus, J., additional, Shen, T.Y., additional, Musselwhite, M.N., additional, Pitts, T., additional, Bolser, D.C., additional, and Poliacek, I., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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4. Airway mechanics alters generation of cough motor pattern.
- Author
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Poliacek I, Veternik M, Martvon L, Kotmanova Z, Babalova L, Cibulkova L, Berikova D, Plevkova J, Pitts T, Adzimova S, and Simera M
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Cats, Female, Abdominal Muscles physiopathology, Abdominal Muscles physiology, Diaphragm physiopathology, Diaphragm physiology, Esophagus physiopathology, Esophagus physiology, Cough physiopathology, Electromyography, Respiratory Mechanics physiology, Airway Resistance physiology
- Abstract
Effects of sequential increase in airway resistance: no, low (5 kPa.s/l), high (24 kPa.s/l), and complete block in the inspiratory or expiratory phase of mechanically induced cough on the cough motor pattern were studied in 16 anesthetized (pentobarbital) spontaneously breathing cats (3.70±0.15 kg, 11♂, 5♀). Esophageal pressure and electromyographic activities of the diaphragm during inspiration and abdominal muscles during expiration were analyzed. No significant changes in the number of coughs occurred. Inspiratory occlusion caused a prolongation of cough inspiratory phase, cough inspiratory diaphragm activity, and all cough-related activity. Inspiratory occlusion along with high resistance increased inspiratory esophageal pressure amplitude, total cough cycle duration and the time between maximum activity of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. High expiratory resistance and occlusion resulted in increased cough expiratory esophageal pressure amplitude, a longer active portion of cough expiration, and cough abdominal activity. Expiratory occlusion also prolonged cough expiratory phase, all cough activity, and total cough cycle. Significantly increased airway resistance and occlusion induce secondary, in addition to mechanical, changes in cough by significantly modulating the generated cough motor pattern. A certain level of resistance appears to be successfully compensated, resulting in minimal changes in coughing characteristics, including expiratory airflow and the rising time of the airflow. Afferent feedback from the respiratory tract, particularly volume feedback, represents a significant factor in modulating cough, mainly under various pathological conditions in the respiratory system., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Role of the pontine respiratory group in the suppression of cough by codeine in cats.
- Author
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Simera M, Berikova D, Hovengen OJ, Laheye M, Veternik M, Martvon L, Kotmanova Z, Cibulkova L, and Poliacek I
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- Animals, Cats, Microinjections, Male, Pons drug effects, Antitussive Agents pharmacology, Antitussive Agents administration & dosage, Female, Blood Pressure drug effects, Blood Pressure physiology, Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus drug effects, Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus physiology, Diaphragm drug effects, Diaphragm physiopathology, Parabrachial Nucleus drug effects, Parabrachial Nucleus physiology, Abdominal Muscles drug effects, Cough drug therapy, Cough physiopathology, Codeine pharmacology, Codeine administration & dosage, Electromyography
- Abstract
Codeine was microinjected into the area of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus and the adjacent lateral parabrachial nucleus, within the pontine respiratory group in 8 anesthetized cats. Electromyograms (EMGs) of the diaphragm (DIA) and abdominal muscles (ABD), esophageal pressures (EP), and blood pressure were recorded and analyzed during mechanically induced tracheobronchial cough. Unilateral microinjections of 3.3 mM codeine (3 injections, each 37 ± 1.2 nl) had no significant effect on the cough number. However, the amplitudes of the cough ABD EMG, expiratory EP and, to a lesser extent, DIA EMG were significantly reduced. There were no significant changes in the temporal parameters of the cough. Control microinjections of artificial cerebrospinal fluid in 6 cats did not show a significant effect on cough data compared to those after codeine microinjections. Codeine-sensitive neurons in the rostral dorsolateral pons contribute to controlling cough motor output, likely through the central pattern generator of cough., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Cough and swallow after laparotomy in anesthetized cats.
- Author
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Poliacek I, Martvon L, Simera M, Veternik M, Misek J, Cibulkova L, Iceman KE, Bolser DC, and Pitts T
- Subjects
- Animals, Cough, Respiration, Diaphragm, Electromyography, Laparotomy, Abdominal Wall
- Abstract
An anesthetized cat animal model was used to evaluate changes in cough and swallow after a small midline upper abdominal incision (laparotomy). Two additional conditions were tested: sealing the laparotomy with gentle suctioning via a small cannula, and subsequent closure of the abdominal wall with suture. These abdominal wall manipulations resulted in no changes in the cough reflex, but produced higher motor drive to pharyngeal musculature (thyropharyngeus and geniohyoid muscles) during swallow. Swallow-breathing coordination phase preference shifted towards swallow occurring more during the inspiratory phase. There were no significant changes in cough motor pattern, or cough and swallow number and temporal features. The respiratory changes were limited to reduced inspiratory motor drive to the diaphragm. The results are consistent with an important role of sensory feedback from the abdominal wall in regulation of swallow motor pattern. The level of reflex modulation may depend on the extent of injury and likely on its position in the abdomen., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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7. Differential inhibition of cough by GABA A and GABA B receptor antagonists in the nucleus of the solitary tract in cats.
- Author
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Simera M, Veternik M, Martvon L, Kotmanova Z, Cibulkova L, and Poliacek I
- Subjects
- Cats, Animals, Bicuculline pharmacology, GABA-B Receptor Antagonists pharmacology, GABA-B Receptor Antagonists therapeutic use, Baclofen pharmacology, Microinjections, Cough drug therapy, Solitary Nucleus
- Abstract
Bicuculline and saclofen were microinjected into the rostral (rNTS) and caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) in 17 anesthetized cats. Electromyograms (EMGs) of the diaphragm (DIA) and abdominal muscles (ABD), esophageal pressures (EP), and blood pressure were recorded and analyzed. Bilateral microinjections of 1 mM bicuculline in the rNTS significantly reduced the number of coughs (CN), amplitudes of DIA and ABD EMG, inspiratory and expiratory EP, and prolonged the duration of the cough expiratory phase (CTE) as well as the total cough cycle duration (CTtot). Bilateral microinjections of 2 mM saclofen reduced only cough expiratory efforts. Bilateral microinjection of bicuculline in the cNTS significantly reduced CN and amplitudes of ABD EMG and elongated CTE and CTtot. Bilateral microinjections of saclofen in cNTS had no significant effect on analyzed cough parameters. Our results confirm a different GABAergic inhibitory system in the rNTS and cNTS acting on mechanically induced cough in cats., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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8. Modeling and simulation of vagal afferent input of the cough reflex.
- Author
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Martvon L, Veternik M, Simera M, Kotmanova Z, Babalova L, Morris KF, Pitts T, Bolser DC, and Poliacek I
- Subjects
- Afferent Pathways physiology, Animals, Computer Simulation, Neurons, Afferent, Respiratory System innervation, Vagus Nerve physiology, Cough, Reflex physiology
- Abstract
We employed computational modeling to investigate previously conducted experiments of the effect of vagal afferent modulation on the cough reflex in an anesthetized cat animal model. Specifically, we simulated unilateral cooling of the vagus nerve and analyzed characteristics of coughs produced by a computational model of brainstem cough/respiratory neuronal network. Unilateral vagal cooling was simulated by a reduction of cough afferent input (corresponding to unilateral vagal cooling) to the cough network. All these attempts resulted in only mild decreases in investigated cough characteristics such as cough number, amplitudes of inspiratory and expiratory cough efforts in comparison with experimental data. Multifactorial alterations of model characteristics during cough simulations were required to approximate cough motor patterns that were observed during unilateral vagal cooling in vivo. The results support the plausibility of a more complex NTS processing system for cough afferent information than has been proposed., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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9. The role of neuronal excitation and inhibition in the pre-Bötzinger complex on the cough reflex in the cat.
- Author
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Shen TY, Poliacek I, Rose MJ, Musselwhite MN, Kotmanova Z, Martvon L, Pitts T, Davenport PW, and Bolser DC
- Subjects
- Abdominal Muscles drug effects, Abdominal Muscles physiopathology, Animals, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Behavior, Animal physiology, Cats, Electromyography, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists administration & dosage, Female, GABA-A Receptor Antagonists administration & dosage, Glutamic Acid administration & dosage, Glutamic Acid analysis, Homocysteine analogs & derivatives, Homocysteine pharmacology, Kynurenic Acid pharmacology, Male, Pyridazines pharmacology, Central Pattern Generators drug effects, Central Pattern Generators metabolism, Central Pattern Generators physiopathology, Cough drug therapy, Cough metabolism, Cough physiopathology, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists pharmacology, GABA-A Receptor Antagonists pharmacology, Glutamic Acid pharmacology, Inhalation drug effects, Inhalation physiology, Medulla Oblongata drug effects, Medulla Oblongata metabolism, Medulla Oblongata physiopathology, Reflex drug effects, Reflex physiology, Respiratory Rate drug effects, Respiratory Rate physiology
- Abstract
Brainstem respiratory neuronal network significantly contributes to cough motor pattern generation. Neuronal populations in the pre-Bötzinger complex (PreBötC) represent a substantial component for respiratory rhythmogenesis. We studied the role of PreBötC neuronal excitation and inhibition on mechanically induced tracheobronchial cough in 15 spontaneously breathing, pentobarbital anesthetized adult cats (35 mg/kg, iv initially). Neuronal excitation by unilateral microinjection of glutamate analog d,l-homocysteic acid resulted in mild reduction of cough abdominal electromyogram (EMG) amplitudes and very limited temporal changes of cough compared with effects on breathing (very high respiratory rate, high amplitude inspiratory bursts with a short inspiratory phase, and tonic inspiratory motor component). Mean arterial blood pressure temporarily decreased. Blocking glutamate-related neuronal excitation by bilateral microinjections of nonspecific glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid reduced cough inspiratory and expiratory EMG amplitude and shortened most cough temporal characteristics similarly to breathing temporal characteristics. Respiratory rate decreased and blood pressure temporarily increased. Limiting active neuronal inhibition by unilateral and bilateral microinjections of GABA
A receptor antagonist gabazine resulted in lower cough number, reduced expiratory cough efforts, and prolongation of cough temporal features and breathing phases (with lower respiratory rate). The PreBötC is important for cough motor pattern generation. Excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission in the PreBötC is involved in control of cough intensity and patterning. GABAA receptor-related inhibition in the PreBötC strongly affects breathing and coughing phase durations in the same manner, as well as cough expiratory efforts. In conclusion, differences in effects on cough and breathing are consistent with separate control of these behaviors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to explore the role of the inspiratory rhythm and pattern generator, the pre-Bötzinger complex (PreBötC), in cough motor pattern formation. In the PreBötC, excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission affects cough intensity and patterning but not rhythm, and GABAA receptor-related inhibition affects coughing and breathing phase durations similarly to each other. Our data show that the PreBötC is important for cough motor pattern generation, but cough rhythmogenesis appears to be controlled elsewhere.- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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10. Distinct modulation of tracheal and laryngopharyngeal cough via superior laryngeal nerve in cat.
- Author
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Simera M, Veternik M, Martvon L, Kotmanova Z, Mostafavi S, Bosko O, Kralikova O, and Poliacek I
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Male, Nerve Block, Cough physiopathology, Laryngeal Nerves physiopathology, Larynx physiopathology, Pharynx physiopathology, Reflex physiology, Trachea physiopathology
- Abstract
Unilateral and bilateral cooling and bilateral transsection of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) were employed to modulate mechanically induced tracheobronchial (TB) and laryngopharyngeal (LPh) cough in 12 anesthetized cats. There was little effect of SLN block or cut on TB. Bilateral SLN cooling reduced the number of LPh (<50 %, p < 0.05), amplitudes of diaphragm EMG activity (<55 %, p < 0.05), and cough expiratory efforts (<40 %, p < 0.01) during LPh. Effects after unilateral SLN cooling were less pronounced. Temporal analysis of LPh showed only shortening of diaphragm and abdominal muscles burst overlap in the inspiratory-expiratory transition after unilateral SLN cooling. Bilateral cooling reduced both expiratory phase and total cough cycle duration. There was no significant difference in the average effects of cooling left or right SLN on LPh or TB as well as no differences in contralateral and ipsilateral diaphragm and abdominal EMG amplitudes. Our results show that reduced afferent drive in the SLN markedly attenuates LPh with virtually no effect on TB., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Volume feedback during cough in anesthetized cats, effects of occlusions and modulation summary.
- Author
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Poliacek I, Veternik M, Martvon L, Simera M, Pitts T, Kotmanova Z, Babalova L, Kralikova O, Cibulkova L, Jakus J, and Plevkova J
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Disease Models, Animal, Airway Obstruction physiopathology, Cough physiopathology, Feedback, Physiological physiology, Pulmonary Stretch Receptors physiology, Respiratory Mechanics physiology
- Abstract
The study investigates the effects of 6 occlusion conditions on the mechanically induced cough reflex in 15 anesthetized (pentobarbital) spontaneously breathing cats (14♂, 1♀). Esophageal pressure and integrated EMG activities of inspiratory (I) diaphragm and expiratory (E) abdominal muscles were recorded and analyzed. Occlusions: inspiratory (Io), continual I (cIo), during I and active E (I+Eo) cough phase, during I and then E phase with short releasing of airflow before each phase (I-Eo), and E occlusion (Eo) had little influence on cough number. Only continual E occlusion (cEo) reduced the number of coughs by 19 % (to 81 %, p < 0.05). Cough I esophageal pressure reached higher amplitudes under all conditions, but only Eo caused increased I diaphragm motor drive (p < 0.05). Cough E efforts (abdominal motor drive and E amplitudes of esophageal pressure) increased during Eo, decreased during I+Eo (p < 0.05), and did not change significantly under other conditions (p > 0.05). All I blocks resulted in prolonged I cough characteristics (p < 0.05) mainly cough I phase (incrementing part of the diaphragm activity). Shorter I phase occurred with cEo (p < 0.05). Cough cycle time and active E phase (from the I maximum to the end of cough E motor drive) prolonged (p < 0.05) during all occlusions (E phase duration statistically non-significantly for I+Eo). Airflow block during cough (occlusions) results in secondary changes in the cough response due to markedly altered function of cough central pattern generator and cough motor pattern produced. Cough compensatory effects during airflow resistances are more favorable compared to occlusions. Volume feedback represents significant factor of cough modulation under various pathological obstruction and/or restriction conditions of the respiratory system., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The motor pattern of tracheobronchial cough is affected by inspiratory resistance and expiratory occlusion - The evidence for volume feedback during cough expiration.
- Author
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Poliacek I, Kotmanova Z, Veternik M, Pitts T, Martvon L, Misek J, Jakus J, and Simera M
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- Anesthesia, Animals, Bronchi physiopathology, Cats, Electromyography, Male, Movement physiology, Reflex physiology, Tidal Volume physiology, Trachea physiopathology, Ventilators, Mechanical, Abdominal Muscles physiopathology, Cough physiopathology, Exhalation physiology, Inhalation physiology, Respiratory Muscles physiopathology
- Abstract
The role of pulmonary stretch receptor discharge and volume feedback in modulation of tracheobronchial cough is not fully understood. The current study investigates the effect of expiratory occlusion with or without preceding inspiratory resistance (delivery of tidal or cough volume by the ventilator lasting over the active cough expiratory period) on the cough motor pattern. Experiments on 9 male cats under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia have shown that inspiratory resistance followed by expiratory occlusion increased cough inspiratory and expiratory efforts and prolonged several time intervals (phases) related to muscle activation during cough. Expiratory occlusion (at regular cough volume) decreased number of coughs, increased amplitudes of abdominal electromyographic activity, inspiratory and expiratory esophageal pressure during cough and significantly prolonged cough temporal features. Correlation analysis supported major changes in cough expiratory effort and timing due to the occlusion. Our results support a high importance of volume feedback, including that during cough expulsion, for generation and modulation of cough motor pattern with obstruction or expiratory airway resistances, the conditions present during various pulmonary diseases., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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