Search

Background: The use of measurement instruments to assess the use of Evidence-Based Practice by health professionals has been frequently reported in studies. Aims: This systematic review aimed to summarize, describe, and evaluate the measurement properties of the instruments that evaluate the use of Evidence-Based Practice in health professionals. Methods: The search was carried out in four databases considering three groups of search terms: evidence-based practice, evaluation, and measurement proprieties. Studies were included that described the use of instruments to assess Evidence-Based Practice in health professionals, with the full-text publication, which analyzed the measurement properties, in English. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments. Results: In total, 6,429 were found and only 92 were eligible for data analysis. Forty new instruments were identified most were developed for nursing and physical therapist. The investigators performed at least 1 type of validity test on 73% of the instruments. Reliability was tested at 90%, through internal consistency. Responsiveness was tested on less than half of the instruments (30%). Most of the instruments identified are reliable and valid to measure evidence-based practice in health professionals. Conclusion: Although the Fresno Test remains the most complete instrument, and adequate for use. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist classified 7 (seven) instruments as suitable for the target audience.

Abstract Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC3) that plays a crucial role in regulating the activation and differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) as well as controlling the polarization and activation of T cells. Obesity, a chronic inflammatory condition, is characterized by the activation of immune cells in various tissues. We hypothesized that SIRT1 might influence the phenotype and functions of DCs through the Ido1 pathway, ultimately leading to the polarization towards pro-inflammatory T cells in obesity. In our study, we observed that SIRT1 activity was reduced in bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from obese animals. These BMDCs exhibited elevated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and increased extracellular acidification rates (ECAR), along with enhanced expression of class II MHC, CD86, and CD40, and elevated secretion of IL-12p40, while the production of TGF-β was reduced. The kynurenine pathway activity was decreased in BMDCs from obese animals, particularly under SIRT1 inhibition. SIRT1 positively regulated the expression of Ido1 in DCs in a PPARγ-dependent manner. To support these findings, ATAC-seq analysis revealed that BMDCs from obese mice had differentially regulated open chromatin regions compared to those from lean mice, with reduced chromatin accessibility at the Sirt1 genomic locus in BMDCs from obese WT mice. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that BMDCs from obese animals had disrupted metabolic pathways, including those related to GTPase activity and insulin response. Differential expression analysis showed reduced levels of Pparg and Sirt1 in BMDCs from obese mice, which was challenged and confirmed using BMDCs from mice with conditional knockout of Sirt1 in dendritic cells (SIRT1∆). This study highlights that SIRT1 controls the metabolism and functions of DCs through modulation of the kynurenine pathway, with significant implications for obesity-related inflammation.

Infertility is estimated to affect more than 50 million couples around the world, with the male factor accounting for half of these cases, yet there is a notable absence of effective treatment options for men, other than in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This review considers unlicensed and empirical treatments used for male subfertility, including hormonal therapy, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and antioxidants. Compounds generally demonstrate variable improvements in sperm function, but benefits for fertility are less clear. There is a pressing need for effective treatment options for subfertile men; however, our knowledge of sperm function is limited, restricting the identification of precise treatment targets. The traditional drug discovery pathway is also notorious for its extensive resource and time requirements, often extending over decades and demanding significant financial investment. Unfortunately, a substantial number of potential therapies fail before reaching the marketplace. Furthermore, reliance on mammalian models is not possible in the drug development process for male subfertility, due to significant variability between animals and man. We review recent breakthroughs and highlight novel methods aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of drug discovery for male subfertility. High-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry, and the repurposing of established medications have great potential. These strategies offer the promise of accelerating the pace of drug development, curbing the extensive demand for resources, and, in the case of drug repurposing, diminishing the demand for comprehensive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. As these innovative approaches are adopted, the feasibility of addressing male subfertility through scientific advancements appears to be increasingly attainable. Lay summary Globally, millions of men suffer from infertility, but with very few exceptions, there is no effective treatment or cure other than complex fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilisation. This review article considers various approaches to treat men, or sperm, which have been largely unsuccessful to date. A significant issue is that we lack a detailed understanding of how sperm work and why treatments do not work. Another issue is that drug discovery is slow and costly because many potential treatments fail early on. However, we discuss recent technical and technological advancements that offer hope, such as high-throughput and phenotypic screening, which allow for the rapid testing of thousands of chemicals to observe their effects on sperm, and combinatorial chemistry, which involves generating large numbers of compounds to find those with beneficial properties. Finding relevant new uses for prescription drugs could also significantly speed up the drug discovery process and result in much-needed new treatments for male infertility.

This article presents and analyzes general and specific data from a survey carried out in four news media on the subject of human rights (HD). The investigation was guided by qualitative principles and content analysis in the documents found in the journalistic platforms: Brasil de Fato, O Dia, Folha de S. Paulo and Veja. In total, 112 news items were tabulated over seven weeks and organized into 12 topics and grouped into two axes: equality and difference. As a result, the study showed that the human rights agenda is not explicitly addressed on news platforms; the Brasil de Fato platform was the only one with a specific tab for the theme; there is a need to understand media education as one of the fundamental "arms" of human rights education.

Abstract Ibrutinib (IB) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that has immunomodulatory action and can be used as second-line therapy for steroid-refractory or steroid-resistant chronic Graft versus Host Disease (cGVHD). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are distributed throughout the body and their infusion has also been explored as a second-line therapeutic alternative for the treatment of cGVHD. Considering the currently unknown effects of IB on endogenous MSCs, as well as the possible combined use of IB and MSCs for cGVHD, we investigated whether adipose tissue-derived MSCs present IB-targets, as well as the consequences of treating MSCs with this drug, regarding cell viability, proliferation, phenotype, and anti-inflammatory potential. Interestingly, we show for the first time that MSCs express several IB target genes. Also of note, the treatment of such cells with this TKI elevated the levels of CD90 and CD105 surface proteins, as well as VCAM-1. Furthermore, IB-treated MSCs presented increased mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory genes PD-L1, TSG-6, and IL-10. However, continued exposure to IB, even at low doses, compromised the viability of MSCs. These data indicate that the use of IB can stimulate an anti-inflammatory profile in MSCs, but also that a continued exposure to IB can compromise MSC viability over time.

O objetivo foi caracterizar os grupos de pesquisa e suas produções com linha em “Formação de Professores do Campo”. Através de uma busca no Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa (DGP) do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e na Plataforma Lattes, foi possível observar o perfil dos líderes, suas produções científicas, incluindo artigos indexados, livros e capítulos de livros, além das temáticas abordadas. A partir do descritor “Formação de Professores do Campo” foram selecionados 46 grupos. Às produções observadas foi aplicada a classificação conforme a tabela Qualis/CAPES para o quadriênio 2017-2020. As temáticas abordadas, com maior frequência, foram o fechamento e nucleação de escolas, a formação inicial, contínua e continuada, oportunidade de trabalho por meio de concurso público ao egresso, a formação de formadores, a questão da formação e a vivência no estágio, as práticas pedagógicas no contexto da Reforma Agrária, a pedagogia das turmas multisseriadas, entre outras.

Objetivo: analisar a assistência ao pré-natal e ao puerpério do estado do Pará a partir de dados do 3º ciclo da avaliação externa durante os anos de 2017 e 2018. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo avaliativo descritivo e transversal. A pesquisa utilizou dados providos pelo Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica do Ministério da Saúde, que realiza avaliações do desempenho dos serviços instaurados na atenção básica em caráter nacional. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva. Todas as análises foram feitas no software IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 20.0. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 1.147 equipes de atenção básica distribuídas em 130 municípios do estado do Pará, destas 1.146 (99,9%) realizam consulta de pré-natal, 1115 (97,3%) apresentaram documento de comprovação da consulta, 1129 (98,5%) das equipes utilizam a caderneta da gestante para o acompanhamento das gestantes e 1.001 (87,3%) dessas possuem a cópia/espelho das cadernetas das gestantes. Conclusão: a assistência ao pré-natal e puerpério no estado do Pará está difundida pelos seus diferentes municípios, entretanto demonstra fragilidades dentro do atendimento desde a estrutura de profissionais e acesso a serviços em horários especiais de acordo com a necessidade das gestantes até articulação com diferentes níveis de cuidado, sendo objetivo de assegurar o desenvolvimento gestacional e garantir o parto seguro prejudicado.

Tuberculosis remains a serious global health threat, exacerbated by the rise of resistant strains. This study investigates the potential of two benzofuroxan (Bfx) derivatives, 5n and 5b, as targeted treatments for MDR-TB using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methodologies. In vitro analyses showed that Bfx compounds have significant activity against Mtb H37Rv, with Bfx 5n standing out with a MIC90 of 0.09 ± 0.04 μM. Additionally, their efficacy against MDR and pre-XDR strains was superior compared to commercial drugs. These Bfx compounds have a narrow spectrum for mycobacteria, which helps avoid dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and they also exhibit high selectivity and low toxicity. Synergism studies indicate that Bfx derivatives could be combined with rifampicin to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce its duration. Scanning electron microscopy revealed severe damage to the morphology of Mtb following treatment with Bfx 5n, showing significant distortions in the bacillary structures. Whole-genome sequencing of the 5n-resistant isolate suggests resistance mechanisms mediated by the Rv1855c gene, supported by in silico studies. In vivo studies showed that the 5n compound reduced the pulmonary load by 3.0 log10 CFU/mL, demonstrating superiority over rifampicin, which achieved a reduction of 1.23 log10 CFU/mL. In conclusion, Bfx derivatives, especially 5n, effectively address resistant infections caused by Mtb, suggesting they could be a solid foundation for future therapeutic developments against MDR-TB.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ozone therapy applied topically and/or by bagging on the healing of clean wounds induced in rat’s skin. Methods: One hundred and twenty male rats of about 16 weeks old was divided into five groups: G1) saline solution (0.9%); G2) sunflower oil; G3) ozonated sunflower oil; G4) ozone bagging; G5) association of ozonated sunflower oil and ozone bagging. The wounds were evaluated through macroscopic, morphometric, histopathologic, and tensile strength analyses. Results: Analysis among groups showed a lower percentage of wound contraction in G1 compared to G4 only in M7D. The tensile strength of the wounds showed differences among groups in the seventh (M7D) and the 14th (M14D) postoperative day, and among time points in G1 (M14D > M7D). The elongation of the wounds showed differences in G3 (M7D > M14D). Histological evaluation of the wounds showed significant change in bleeding, mixed to mononuclear infiltrate, congestion, and tissue disorganization for tissue organization between groups and time points. Conclusions: Ozone therapy applied topically and/or by bagging was not deleterious to the healing of clean wounds induced in rat’s skin, but ozone bagging showed the best contribution to the healing process.

Objective: To identify the insertion of the theme “Patient Safety”, as a separate discipline, in undergraduate Nursing courses in the State of Paraná – Brazil. Method: Exploratory, descriptive, documentary-type study, with a quantitative approach, developed through analysis of information described in the curriculum guidelines, collected in January 2023 and analyzed using the document analysis method. Results: Of the 54 undergraduate nursing courses offered in the State of Paraná, nine teach specific subjects on the topic “patient safety”, three in public institutions and six in private institutions. Conclusion: Curricular weaknesses were observed in the approach to this topic, with a noticeable need to introduce concepts about patient safety into the curricular guidelines, integrating theory into professional practice.

Objetivo: Identificar a inserção da temática “Segurança do Paciente”, enquanto disciplina isolada, nos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem do Estado do Paraná - Brasil. Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, do tipo documental, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido por análise de informações descritas nas matrizes curriculares, coletados em janeiro de 2023 e analisados por meio da técnica de análise documental. Resultados: Dos 54 cursos de graduação de enfermagem ofertados no Estado do Paraná, nove cursos ministram disciplinas específicas ao tema “segurança do paciente”, sendo três em instituições públicas e seis em particulares. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se fragilidades curriculares na abordagem dessa temática, sendo perceptível a necessidade de introduzir os conceitos sobre a segurança do paciente nas matrizes curriculares, com integração da teoria à prática profissional. O estudo contribui para a conscientização sobre o cenário curricular vivenciado, bem como, para a melhoria da qualidade do ensino em enfermagem.

Objetivo: Identificar la inclusión de la "Seguridad del Paciente" como materia aislada en los programas de graduación en enfermería en el estado de Paraná - Brasil. Método: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, documental, con abordaje cuantitativo, desarrollado a partir del análisis de las informaciones descritas en las matrices curriculares, recolectadas en enero de 2023 y analizadas con la técnica de análisis documental. Resultados: De los 54 cursos de graduación en enfermería ofrecidos en el estado de Paraná, nueve cursos imparten asignaturas específicas sobre el tema "seguridad del paciente", tres de ellos en instituciones públicas y seis en privadas. Conclusión: Se encontraron debilidades en los planes de estudio a la hora de abordar esta cuestión, y existe una clara necesidad de introducir conceptos de seguridad del paciente en los planes de estudio, integrando la teoría con la práctica profesional. El estudio contribuye a sensibilizar sobre el escenario curricular vivido, así como a mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza de la enfermería.

BackgroundDetecting invalid cognitive performance is an important clinical challenge in neuropsychological assessment. The aim of this study was to explore behavior and eye-fixations responses during the performance of a computerized version of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM-C) under standard vs. feigning conditions.Participants and methodsTOMM-C with eye-tracking recording was performed by 60 healthy individuals (31 with standard instruction – SI; and 29 were instructed to feign memory impairment: 21 Naïve Simulators – NS and 8 Coached Simulators – CS) and 14 patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and memory complaints performed. Number of correct responses, response time, number of fixations, and fixation time in old vs. new stimuli were recorded. Nonparametric tests were applied for group comparison.ResultsNS produced fewer correct responses and had longer response times in comparison to SI on all three trials. SI showed more fixations and longer fixation time on previously presented stimuli (i.e., familiarity preference) specially on Trial 1, whereas NS had more fixations and longer fixation time on new stimuli (i.e., novelty preference) specially in the Retention trial. MS patients produced longer response time and had a different fixation pattern than SI subjects. No behavioral or oculomotor difference was observed between NS and CS.ConclusionHealthy simulators have a distinct behavioral and eye-fixation response pattern, reflecting a novelty preference. Oculomotor measures may be useful to detect exaggeration or fabrication of cognitive dysfunction. Though, its application in clinical populations may be limited.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate exogenous hyaluronic acid (HA) derived from bacterial fermentation through enteral and parenteral routes in ischemic skin flaps induced in rats, using clinical and histological exams; and interleukins (IL) as tissue inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: Sixty-four male adults Wistar rats with ischemic skin flaps on the dorsum were randomized into four groups, based on the treatment protocol: subcutaneous administration of saline solution (0.9%) (GI); oral administration of distilled water (GII); subcutaneous administration of HA (0.3%) (GIII); and oral administration of HA (1%) (GIV). Flaps of all groups were comparable regarding clinical and macroscopic evaluation, histological examination, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Results: A lower percentage of necrosis was identified in flaps treated with subcutaneous administration of HA (0.3%). The pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, epidermis thickness, blood vessels, and inflammatory cells showed statistically significant inter-group and intra-group differences (p < 0.05). Conclusions: High molecular HA (1,400 ~ 2,000 kDa) administrated by subcutaneous or oral route exhibited beneficial effects in ischemic skin flaps of rats. However, subcutaneous administration of HA (0.3%) showed better results in terms of the percentage of necrosis and epithelialization.

ABSTRACT The high quality of soybean seeds is essential for the success of the crop, as it determines the field performance of seedlings. Seed physiological attributes are associated with genotype stability; thus, the maintenance of genome integrity is crucial to ensure seed quality. To evaluate the quality of soybean seed lots at physiological and molecular levels, a completely randomized design was carried out in four replications, with 12 soybean seed lots (cv. BMX Potência RR). Seeds were evaluated through standard germination and vigor tests. Genomic DNA was extracted from the root meristem of seeds from different lots with the Kasvi Spin 50 ® extraction kit. The analysis was performed through electrophoresis and visualized under ultraviolet (UV) light. The Comet assay was also applied to investigate DNA damage. Soybean seed lots exhibited differences in germination and vigor, as determined by the tests of accelerated aging, field emergence, emergence speed index, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh mass, and shoot dry mass. In seeds with low germination and vigor, DNA damage and genotoxicity were observed. DNA from samples with high germination and vigor observed by the field emergence and accelerated aging tests was more preserved than DNA extracted from seeds with low physiological quality.

Objective: To evaluate the rate of loss to follow-up in a cochlear implant program from the public health system in Southern Brazil as well as the characteristics of hearing loss, sociodemographic, sociocultural and the development of oral language in children with prelingual deafness. Methods: Retrospective cohort study with children who underwent CI surgery between 2010 and 2020. Data was collected through of interviews and review of medical records. The language development assessment was performed using the MUSS, MAIS and IT-MAIS scales. For the classification of language development, we used as parameters the values (mean ± SD) found in a previous national study. From those values, the Z-score for each patient at each hearing age (time of experience with the cochlear implant) was calculated. Results: Of the 225 children implanted between 2010–2020, 129 were included in this study. The rate of loss to follow-up in the program was 42.6%. The mean age at first surgery was 40.5 (±16.9) months, with 77.5% of patients having received a unilateral implant. Language results below the expected for hearing age (

Abstract Background Traditional agriculture is on the front line of climate change, being most impacted by the increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme events, such as floods, drought and rising temperatures. Local ecological knowledge is a recognized keystone of successfully managed socioecological systems, but loss of soil fertility, water scarcity, incidence of diseases and decreased production due to climate change are linked to the greater vulnerability experienced by traditional farmers. Plant biostimulants are natural products used to stimulate nutrient uptake and efficiency by crops, increase tolerance to abiotic/biotic stress and improve quality without negative impacts on the environment if obtained from renewed sources. Humic substances are some of the most used plant biostimulants in agriculture and play a central role in plant adaptation. Materials and methods We reviewed and discussed a sample set of papers (n = 52) about humic substances to mitigate abiotic stress in crops using data basis from Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), Scopus—IBM (International Business Machines Corporation), and Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Results The predominance of authors in the global south is notable, but it is not a coincidence, since this is where the effects of climate change will have the greatest impact. The mechanisms involved in the stress mitigation involve the activation of signaling factors, gene response induction, the accumulation of osmoprotective and anti-oxidant compounds, the induction of antioxidative metabolism, ion homeostasis, membrane transport and adjustment of hormonal balance. The intriguing question is: how can a complex mixture of molecules affect so many distinct effects on plants responsible for plant adaptation? Conclusions The complexity of humic substances challenges our knowledge method, but supramolecular chemistry may provide answers that enable us to broaden our understanding of the plant defense mechanisms modulated by these substances. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background A cost of illness (COI) study aims to evaluate the socioeconomic burden that an illness imposes on society as a whole. This study aimed to describe the resources used, patterns of care, direct cost, and loss of productivity due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Brazil. Methods This 12-month, cross-sectional, COI study of patients with SLE (ACR 1997 Classification Criteria) collected data using patient interviews (questionnaires) and medical records, covering: SLE profile, resources used, morbidities, quality of life (12-Item Short Form Survey, SF-12), and loss of productivity. Patients were excluded if they were retired or on sick leave for another illness. Direct resources included health-related (consultations, tests, medications, hospitalization) or non-health-related (transportation, home adaptation, expenditure on caregivers) hospital resources.Costs were calculated using the unit value of each resource and the quantity consumed. A gamma regression model explored cost predictors for patients with SLE. Results Overall, 300 patients with SLE were included (92.3% female,mean [standard deviation (SD)] disease duration 11.8 [7.9] years), of which 100 patients (33.3%) were on SLE-related sick leave and 46 patients (15.3%) had stopped schooling. Mean (SD) travel time from home to a care facility was 4.4 (12.6) hours. Antimalarials were the most commonly used drugs (222 [74.0%]). A negative correlation was observed between SF-12 physical component and SLE Disease Activity Index (− 0.117, p = 0.042), Systemic Lupus International CollaboratingClinics/AmericanCollegeofRheumatology Damage Index (− 0.115, p = 0.046), medications/day for multiple co-morbidities (− 0.272, p

ABSTRACT Systemic candidiasis remains a significant public health concern worldwide, with high mortality rates despite available antifungal drugs. Drug-resistant strains add to the urgency for alternative therapies. In this context, vaccination has reemerged as a prominent immune-based strategy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized lipid bilayer particles, carry a diverse array of native fungal antigens, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and glycans. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that Candida albicans EVs triggered the innate immune response, activating bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and potentially acting as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Vaccination with C. albicans EVs induced the production of specific antibodies, modulated cytokine production, and provided protection in immunosuppressed mice infected with lethal C. albicans inoculum. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying EV-induced immune activation, our study investigated pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in EVs-phagocyte engagement. EVs from wild-type and mutant C. albicans strains with truncated mannoproteins were compared for their ability to stimulate BMDCs. Our findings revealed that EV decoration with O- and N-linked mannans and the presence of β-1,3-glucans and chitin oligomers may modulate the activation of specific PRRs, in particular Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and dectin-1. The protective effect of vaccination with wild-type EVs was found to be dependent on TLR4. These results suggest that fungal EVs can be harnessed in vaccine formulations to selectively activate PRRs in phagocytes, offering potential avenues for combating or preventing candidiasis.IMPORTANCESystemic candidiasis is a serious global health concern with high mortality rates and growing drug resistance. Vaccination offers a promising solution. A unique approach involves using tiny lipid-coated particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which carry various fungal components. Previous studies found that Candida albicans EVs activate the immune response and may bridge the gap between innate and adaptive immunity. To understand this better, we investigated how these EVs activate immune cells. We demonstrated that specific components on EV surfaces, such as mannans and glucans, interact with receptors on immune cells, including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and dectin-1. Moreover, vaccinating with these EVs led to strong immune responses and full protection in mice infected with Candida. This work shows how harnessing fungal EVs might lead to effective vaccines against candidiasis.

Objective: to understand the challenges of remote learning for children with autism based on maternal perspectives. Methods: qualitative study conducted with 22 mothers from an association. Data collection involved participatory dynamics using the Comic Book Technique. French discourse analysis framework was used for material analysis. Results: the educational system's difficulty in addressing the uniqueness of children with autism had been an issue since their entry into school, and the pandemic exacerbated their exclusion. There was no adaptation to remote learning, and mothers chose to withdraw their children from school. The children's departure was ignored by teachers and school administration, and schools did not take responsibility for this population. Conclusion: the educational system was deemed inefficient in meeting the needs of these children during the pandemic. The lack of educational activities contributed to mental and emotional strain for the mother-child dyad and regression in the children’s skills and behaviors. Contributions to practice: maternal narratives should be considered and addressed by education professionals in the development of special education protocols, to guide and optimize educational practices in public health emergencies.

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar o efeito das percepções de barreiras de carreira sobre as estratégias funcionais de enfrentamento, por meio da autoeficácia na formação superior e do apoio social emocional, entre estudantes universitários. Metodologia: Os participantes foram 163 graduandos da área de Negócios e Administração vinculados a instituições da região sudeste no Brasil. A pesquisa foi do tipo survey, com coleta presencial e on-line, e em instituições de educação públicas e privadas. Os procedimentos de análise contemplaram estatísticas descritivas, análises fatoriais e processos condicionais de mediação. Principais resultados: Os resultados principais revelaram que as influências contextuais analisadas impactam de formas distintas as estratégias funcionais de enfrentamento. Barreiras impactaram apenas indiretamente, e apoio social impactou diretamente. Contribuições acadêmicas: Ao contrário do que é assumido pela teoria de embasamento, a autoeficácia não teve papel mediador na relação entre barreiras e enfrentamento. Por sua vez, como contribuição teórica, o apoio social emocional teve papel mediador na relação, e foi preditor da autoeficácia no modelo de mediação seriada. Contribuições práticas: Ao considerar o cenário de desafios da transição universidade ao universo do trabalho, é destacada a importância do apoio social para ações de enfrentamento funcional de barreiras. Conclui-se que o enfrentamento de barreiras contextuais não deve ser gerenciado unicamente na ação do próprio indivíduo, e o apoio social aprimora o autogerenciamento da carreira pelos universitários.

Abstract Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors play an important role in the genesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D). In the genetic context, one of the strategies used to investigate possible associations with diabetes is the search for Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), involving the comparison of alelle frequencies, the phenotypic variations and other relevant factors, such as environmental influences and lifestyle choices, Thus, the aim of this study was to find the relationship of risk variants for T2D in SNPs (rs4994) in the ADRB3 gene; (rs1799854) in the ABCC8 gene; (rs7901695 and rs12255372) in the TCF7L2 gene; and (rs8050136) in the FTO gene in a sample of the population of the municipality of Santarém (PA), Brazilian Amazon, in the northern region of Brazil. ABCC8 (rs1799854 C>T) showed a statistically significant association with T2D. Each chosen gene and SNP has been previously implicated in T2D risk according to existing scientific literature, owing to their roles in glucose regulation and body fat.

Summary: Microglia play a crucial role in a range of neuropathologies through exacerbated activation. Microglial inflammatory responses can be influenced by prior exposures to noxious stimuli, like increased levels of extracellular adenosine and ATP. These are characteristic of brain insults like epileptic seizures and could potentially shape subsequent responses through epigenetic regulation. We investigated DNA methylation and expression changes in human microglia-like cells differentiated from monocytes following ATP-mediated preconditioning. We demonstrate that microglia-like cells display homeostatic microglial features, shown by surface markers, transcriptome, and DNA methylome. After exposure to ATP, TLR-mediated activation leads to an exacerbated pro-inflammatory response. These changes are accompanied by methylation and transcriptional reprogramming associated with enhanced immune-related functions. The reprogramming associated with ATP-mediated preconditioning leads to profiles found in microglial subsets linked to epilepsy. Purine-driven microglia immune preconditioning drives epigenetic and transcriptional changes that could contribute to altered functions of microglia during seizure development and progression.

Objetivo: mapear os conceitos existentes em relação ao parto domiciliar planejado. Métodos: revisão de escopo realizada nas bases de dados em enfermagem: Medical Literature Analysisand Retrievel System Online, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature e The Scientific Electronic Library Online. Resultados: obteve 15 estudos sobre o parto domiciliar planejado, retratando o perfil de mulheres e os desfechos maternos e neonatais, os profissionais de saúde na assistência ao parir em casa, com foco na expertise e qualificação, e a escolha e vivência das mulheres no parto domiciliar. Pois, o direito à informação qualificada para tomada de decisão da mulher constitui um alicerce para a efetivação do parto domiciliar planejado. Conclusão: tornam-se necessárias as políticas públicas que garantam o acesso e direito das mulheres em parir em domicílio, com apoio de profissionais de saúde qualificados, com foco no respeito, com assistência individualizada e integral.

A laranja, uma fruta popular, gera grandes quantidades de resíduos, com metade descartada como bagaço após a extração do suco, contribuindo para os 110-120 milhões de toneladas de resíduos cítricos anualmente, e criando desafios ambientais, especialmente em relação à poluição do solo e da água. Sendo assim, este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a bioconversão utilizando larvas de Hermetia illucens (BSFL) alimentadas com bagaço de laranja, analisando a eficácia do processo e a qualidade nutricional das larvas resultantes. Testes preliminares demonstraram que o bagaço de laranja puro não oferece o aporte nutricional necessário para o desenvolvimento da BSFL. Com isso, as dietas foram complementadas com resíduo farináceo e definidas com base em diferentes concentrações do bagaço de laranja: LA25 (25% de bagaço, 75% de resíduo farináceo), LA50 (50% de bagaço, 50% de resíduo farináceo), LA75 (75% de bagaço, 25% de resíduo farináceo) e LA0 (100% de resíduo farináceo). Foram avaliados o desempenho larval, o desenvolvimento em bioconversão e a qualidade nutricional da BSFL. Os resultados mostraram que a BSFL pode efetivamente converter bagaço de laranja, aproveitar seus nutrientes e, portanto, reduzir seu potencial poluente. De forma geral, utilizando somente o bagaço de laranja puro, não houve crescimento larval, embora níveis crescentes de inclusão do resíduo farináceo tenha alterado parâmetros de desenvolvimento e de bioconversão, bem como a qualidade nutricional da BSFL (p≤0,05). Assim, observou-se que a inclusão de 25% do resíduo farináceo (LA75) melhorou o desempenho global da BSFL (p≤0,05), propiciando tambéma valoração deste resíduo em relação a todos os parâmetros avaliados.

Os mecanismos de poder estão inseridos na ação pedagógica, visto que inserem dispositivos, que utilizados de maneira adequada, podem melhorar e dinamizar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Com o objetivo de refletir acerca dos mecanismos de controle e sobre o agir do professor e sua postura frente aos paradigmas tradicionais presentes em nossa educação, o artigo pretende apresentar o discurso de poder e as premiações em sala de aula como mecanismos de poder e suas funcionalidades para esse fim. Para tal, adotamos os pressupostos teóricos de Foucault (1987) e outros autores que abordam a temática. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a disciplina é necessária para que haja ordem, e a ordem em uma sociedade se faz essencial, assim como as premiações quando utilizadas de maneira adequada, podem incentivar os alunos a participar e ter um maior desempenho nas aulas, tornando assim, a escola um ambiente menos punitivo.

A presente resenha aborda a obra Arqueologias do fantasma: técnica, cinema, etnografia, arquivo (2017), de Serge Margel. Resultado de sete conferências ministradas no Brasil, entre 2015 e 2016, o livro oferece uma profunda reflexão sobre a transição da sociedade do espetáculo para a sociedade espectral. Organizado em três seções, o livro explora a espectralização das relações sociais, onde os sujeitos se tornam meros objetos de um discurso desprovido de subjetividade. Nesse contexto, a obra de Margel oferece uma análise crucial sobre o papel da teoria crítica em um contexto social marcado pela espectralização.

Este estudo busca analisar a gestão financeira de curto prazo das empresas do setor de hotéis e restaurantes listados na B3 através do modelo Fleuriet e sua capacidade para analisar a possibilidade de insolvência das entidades. A pesquisa classifica-se como descritiva, documental e quantitativa, uma vez que foram coletados dados secundários das empresas do subsetor de hotéis e restaurantes entre o 1° trimestre de 2018 e o 1° trimestre de 2021 na base de dados da Economática®. Dessa forma, com o uso de análises descritivas e gráficas, utilizaram-se as variáveis do modelo Fleuriet, que são a Necessidade de Capital de Giro (NCG), o Capital de Giro (CDG) e o Saldo de Tesouraria (ST), além do modelo de previsão de insolvência proposto por Prado et al. (2018). Os resultados evidenciados demonstram que, por meio do modelo dinâmico de Fleuriet, todas as empresas, em divergentes trimestres, apresentaram uma situação financeira indesejada no ano de 2020, ratificando o impacto da Covid-19 em suas operações. Portanto, a importância de a sociedade conhecer o impacto que esses segmentos tiveram no momento pandêmico é eminente, pois essas informações são de bastante relevância para os usuários externos às organizações, fortalecendo o poder de tomada de decisões destes.

Abstract Background Mapping expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in skeletal muscle tissue in pigs is crucial for understanding the relationship between genetic variation and phenotypic expression of carcass traits in meat animals. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), including scenarios removing SNPs pruned for linkage disequilibrium (LD) and SNPs derived from SNP chip arrays and RNA-seq data from liver, brain, and skeletal muscle tissues, on the identification of eQTLs in the Longissimus lumborum tissue, associated with carcass and body composition traits in Large White pigs. The SNPs identified from muscle mRNA were combined with SNPs identified in the brain and liver tissue transcriptomes, as well as SNPs from the GGP Porcine 50 K SNP chip array. Cis- and trans-eQTLs were identified based on the skeletal muscle gene expression level, followed by functional genomic analyses and statistical associations with carcass and body composition traits in Large White pigs. Results The number of cis- and trans-eQTLs identified across different sets of SNPs (scenarios) ranged from 261 to 2,539 and from 29 to 13,721, respectively. Furthermore, 6,180 genes were modulated by eQTLs in at least one of the scenarios evaluated. The eQTLs identified were not significantly associated with carcass and body composition traits but were significantly enriched for many traits in the “Meat and Carcass” type QTL. The scenarios with the highest number of cis- (n = 304) and trans- (n = 5,993) modulated genes were the unpruned and LD-pruned SNP set scenarios identified from the muscle transcriptome. These genes include 84 transcription factor coding genes. Conclusions After LD pruning, the set of SNPs identified based on the transcriptome of the skeletal muscle tissue of pigs resulted in the highest number of genes modulated by eQTLs. Most eQTLs are of the trans type and are associated with genes influencing complex traits in pigs, such as transcription factors and enhancers. Furthermore, the incorporation of SNPs from other genomic regions to the set of SNPs identified in the porcine skeletal muscle transcriptome contributed to the identification of eQTLs that had not been identified based on the porcine skeletal muscle transcriptome alone.

Abstract Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by podocyte injury. Given that the pathophysiology of nondiabetic glomerulosclerosis is poorly understood and targeted therapies to prevent glomerular disease are lacking, we decided to investigate the tight junction protein claudin-1 and the histone deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), which are known to be involved in podocyte injury. For this purpose, we first examined SIRT1, claudin-1 and podocin expression in kidney biopsies from patients diagnosed with nondiabetic FSGS and found that upregulation of glomerular claudin-1 accompanies a significant reduction in glomerular SIRT1 and podocin levels. From this, we investigated whether a small molecule activator of SIRT1, SRT1720, could delay the onset of FSGS in an animal model of adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy; 14 days of treatment with SRT1720 attenuated glomerulosclerosis progression and albuminuria, prevented transcription factor Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) downregulation and increased glomerular claudin-1 in the ADR + SRT1720 group. Thus, we evaluated the effect of ADR and/or SRT1720 in cultured mouse podocytes. The results showed that ADR [1 µM] triggered an increase in claudin-1 expression after 30 min, and this effect was attenuated by pretreatment of podocytes with SRT1720 [5 µM]. ADR [1 µM] also led to changes in the localization of SIRT1 and claudin-1 in these cells, which could be associated with podocyte injury. Although the use of specific agonists such as SRT1720 presents some benefits in glomerular function, their underlying mechanisms still need to be further explored for therapeutic use. Taken together, our data indicate that SIRT1 and claudin-1 are relevant for the pathophysiology of nondiabetic FSGS.

Spatial Visualization Skills (SVS) can be defined as the ability to mentally visualize, manipulate and recognize an object. It is noticed that the SVS are relevant in the context of mathematics education, however there are few studies that relate them to Textbooks (TB). In this sense, this article aims to analyze how the exercises present in TB of Mathematics of the 9th year of Elementary School (ES) that require SVS to be solved. In this way, the object of study was limited to the Spatial Geometry tasks of the five best-selling books approved by the 2020 National Book and Teaching Material Program and the Visualization Actions necessary to solve each task were categorized. Based on the analyses, the analyzed exercises prioritize the calculation of areas and volumes to the detriment of SVS, however, there is still the possibility of articulating them in some activities.

Background and Objective: Buprenorphine is an opioid drug indicated for the management of severe and persistent pain. The buprenorphine transdermal patch provides a non-invasive method of rate-controlled drug release, ensuring constant and predictable drug plasma levels over an extended period. This study aimed to assess the bioequivalence, skin adhesion non-inferiority, and tolerability of two buprenorphine transdermal patches to meet the regulatory requirements for the registration of a generic product in Brazil. Methods: A randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence crossover trial was performed involving healthy subjects of both genders. The subjects received a single dose of either the test formulation or the reference formulation (Restiva®), separated by a 29-day washout period. For pharmacokinetic analysis, blood samples were collected up to 12 days post-dose and quantified using a validated bioanalytical method. Skin adhesion was assessed over a 7-day period (dosing interval) following patch application. Seventy-six subjects were enrolled and fifty-two completed the study. Results and Conclusion: The 90% confidence intervals for Cmax, AUC0–t, and partial AUCs were within the acceptable bioequivalence limits of 80 to 125%. Adhesion comparison showed the non-inferiority of the test formulation. Based on ANVISA’s regulatory requirements, the test and reference formulations were considered bioequivalent and could be interchangeable in clinical practice.

The poor healing of diabetic wounds is characterized by prolonged inflammation and decreased collagen deposition. Diabetic patients exhibit changes in the plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the role of specific dressings may have an impact on healing. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a combined treatment comprising a bacterial cellulose dressing and melatonin application on the regulation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, VEGF, PCNA, and collagen in the healing of cutaneous wounds of diabetic rats. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF, along with PCNA and type I and III collagen, were evaluated after 14 days. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF, along with an increased expression of PCNA and type I collagen, in the groups treated exclusively with melatonin and bacterial cellulose associated with melatonin compared to the control and the commercial healing agent. It was concluded that treating the skin lesions of diabetic animals supplemented with melatonin using a bacterial cellulose-based dressing has positive effects in regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor, and collagen, showing that this association could be a viable therapy approach in wound healing.