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Technological innovation and the development of new products is what currently boost the competitiveness between enterprises and moves the economy. The technical-scientific advances in Dentistry grow each day and there are great investments by research centers and universities in new materials, especially in dental implantology. The objective was to evaluate the patents deposited and granted in implantology at the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) in Brazil. This is a prospective study with searches performed during March 2020 on patents in dental implantology deposited and granted in the INPI. The research was carried out in titles and abstracts of reports on patent applications from the first deposit through to the most current using the search terms "dental implants" and "implantology". The information was extracted from documents and organized into tables and graphs. From 1988, the date of the first deposit, through to 2019 there were 139 patent application deposits. Among the deposited patents, 54% (75) were classified as utility model patents and 25% (35) as invention patents, the others 21% (29) have been in analysis. Brazil holds 80.6% (112) of deposits, and the others are from countries in Latin America, North America, Europe and Africa, and virtually all patents are of type A, which refers to products of human needs. Most deposits of patents for use in implantology in the INPI relate to implant and prosthetic component accessories, indicating greater investment by industry in Brazil in this sector. However, in 30 years there were only 134 deposited patents, suggesting that the importation of products in the area is still great, which consequently makes the products of this area more expensive. Thus, investments in patents play an important role in technological and economic development of a country.

The energy density of low power, laser and electromagnetic field , has been used in recent years quite often in the medical field . The study of labeling red blood cells with technetium 99m is used for various evaluations in nuclear medicine including the study of blood volume in neurological intensive care . The aim was to evaluate the in fluence of non - ionizing radiation on the red blood cells labeled in vitro . B lood samples from rats of the Wistar strain divided into two groups were used. The first group used the EDTA and heparin as anticoagulants and received low - power laser induction ( L PL) in the following separately energy density : 3, 6, 9 and 18J/cm². The second group received an electromagnetic field (EMF ) of 60 Hz for 2, 4 , 17 and 21 hours separately . After the induction of the laser and the electromagnetic field , the blood samples w ere labeled with technetium - 99m ( 99mTc). The results indicate that the presence of anticoagulants is able to modify the uptake of technetium - 99m by red blood cells . The laser induced decreases the binding capacity of the technetium - 99m from 3J/cm². From th e foregoing it was found that the radiation is non - ionizing EMF with LBP or alters the binding capacity of 99mTc the erythrocytes and the use of heparin as an anticoagulant gave also a higher labeling efficiency compared with the use of EDTA.The non - ionizi ng radiation has a promising power applications of biomedical sciences can be used for marking targets macromolecules in the body in order to diagnostic procedures and disease control.

Local anesthetics (LAs) are essential for most invasive procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the various systemic problems due to the indistinct use of LAs. Were used following sources: electronic databases such as PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS and BBO, articles in books and periodicals published between the years 2005 to 2012. The descriptors were used: local anesthetics, toxicity, adverse effects and systemic complications. Among the most frequent systemic complications, the effects have been reported in the central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular (CVS). Toxic levels of LAs in the CNS is the clinical manifestation of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and result in widespread depression of both systems. CVS-level, the LAs can cause bradycardia and hypotension. Opposing the LAs, sympathomimetic vasoconstictor generate excitatory effects, which intensify in joining the endogenous catecholamines. Can occur even hypersensitivity reactions or hematologic. True anaphylaxis occur mainly in LAs ester type. Furthermore, methylparaben and sodium bisulfite included in the cartridge of LAs are often generated sensitization. The most common hematological abnormality is methemoglobinemia. According to literature, the LAs are safe drugs, but it is necessary expertise in anesthetic technique, dose titration and knowledge about the care needed for their use. Anestésicos locais (ALs) são imprescindíveis a uma gama de procedimentos invasivos. Objetivou-se avaliar os diversos problemas sistêmicos devidos ao uso indistinto de ALs. Foram utilizadas as seguintes fontes: bases de dados eletrônicos tais como PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS e BBO, artigos em livros e periódicos, publicados entre os anos de 2005 a 2012. Foram usados os descritores: anestésicos locais, toxicidade, efeitos adversos e complicações sistêmicas. Dentre as complicações sistêmicas mais frequentes, foram relatados os efeitos no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) e Cardiovascular (SCV). Em níveis tóxicos de ALs no SNC a manifestação clínica primária é a convulsão tônico-clônica, podendo culminar em depressão generalizada de ambos os sistemas. Em nível de SCV, os ALs podem causar bradicardia e hipotensão arterial. Contrapondo os ALs, os vasoconstritores simpaticomiméticos geram efeitos excitatórios, que se intensificam ao se somar às catecolaminas endógenas. Podem ocorrer ainda reações de hipersensibilidade ou hematológicas. Anafilaxias verdadeiras ocorrem principalmente em ALs do tipo éster. Ademais, o metilparabeno e o bissulfito de sódio, incluídos no tubete de ALs, têm gerado sensibilização frequente. A alteração hematológica mais comum é a metemoglobinemia. Segundo a literatura, os ALs são fármacos seguros, mas é necessária perícia na técnica anestésica, adequação da dose e conhecimento sobre os cuidados necessários à sua utilização. Anestésicos locales (ALs) son esenciales para una amplia gama de procedimientos invasivos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los diferentes problemas sistémicos debido al uso de fuerte regalamiento remitido ALs. Se utilizaron las siguientes fuentes: bases de datos electrónicas como PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS y BBO, artículos en revistas y libros, publicados entre los años de 2005 a 2012. Los descriptores se emplearon: anestésicos locales, toxicidad, efectos adversos y complicaciones sistémicas. Entre las complicaciones sistémicas más frecuentes, se informó sobre los efectos en el Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) y cardiovascular (SCV). Los niveles tóxicos de als en el SNC manifestación clínica es la principal crisis convulsivas convulsiones tónico-clónicas generalizadas y pueden culminar en depresión generalizada de ambos sistemas. En el plano de la SCV, el ALS puede causar bradicardia e hipotensión. La contraposición esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, el vasoconstrictor simpaticomiméticos pueden generar efectos excitatorios, intensifican el resumen cuando las catecolaminas endógenas. Pueden producirse reacciones de hipersensibilidad o hematológicas. Pueden sufrir la anafilaxia verdadera ocurre principalmente en la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica tipo éster. Además, metil parabeno y bisulfito de sodio, están incluidos en las copas de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, ha generado conciencia frecuentes. La enmienda es el más común que afecta la metahemoglobinemia. De acuerdo con la literatura, la LAs son fármacos seguros, pero es necesaria la experiencia en la técnica anestésica, ajuste de la dosis y el conocimiento sobre los cuidados necesarios para su uso.