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For higher sustainability in biomass production the use of new perennial species can lead to sustainable progress in the energy production and manufacturing industry. During the last decades, two different species of Silphium were discussed for biomass production. However, some questions regarding their cultivation and different uses are still to be answered. In this study, two accessions of Silphium perfoliatum L. and Silphium integrifolium Michx. were investigated during the year of establishment, and the first generative year for the phenotypic characteristics and suitability for cultivation, under Central European field conditions. Intra- and interspecific comparisons were made with special attention to their growth kinetics. While cup plant (S. perfoliatum) is well known as a potential biomass crop in Europe, silflower (S. integrifolium) is still unknown. In intraspecific comparison, S. integrifolium shows a more uniform development than S perfoliatum. In parallel, the development of S. perfoliatum accessions is temporally shifted, so that the S. perfoliatum accessions differ in the length of their phases of generative growth and onset of senescence in comparison to S. integrifolium. To make these results applicable, an improvement proposal was made to the existing BBCH scale for S. perfoliatum. In addition, an adaptation was conducted on S. integrifolium.

Die Ende der 1990erJahre erwachte Debatte um eine erneute Umbenennung des Teilfaches Musikethnologie (respektive ethnomusicology) 1 -fallt in Deutschland in eine Zeit, in der Sparzwange der offentlichen Kassen auch die Geisteswissenschaften unter einen verstarkten Rechtfertigungsdruck gegenuber der Offentlichkeit setzen und in der im Inneren der Facher der stille Kampf um Forschungsressourcen und Institutsausstattungen gleichzeitig an Scharfe zunimmt. In der deutschen Musikethnologie, die sich, wie viele kleinere Facher und Teildisziplinen, in solchen Verteilungskampfen besonders bedroht fuhlt, besteht daher derzeit eine gewisse Scheu, die anstehende Diskussion um eine theoretische und praktische Neuordnung der Musikwissenschaft offentlich auszutragen. Noch immer sind uberdies insbesondere zwischen Musikethnologen und -historikern alteingesessene gegenseitige Animositaten wirksam: Jahrzehntelang galten Musikhistoriker unter deutschen Musikethnologen als tendenziell eurozentristisch und uberheblich, umgekehrt die Musikethnologie vielen Musikhistorikern als notfalls entbehrlich, zumindest aber als ihrer eigenen Disziplin in keiner Weise gleichwertig. Lange zeigten deutsche Musikethnologen daher ein gewisses Rechtfertigungsbedurfnis gegenuber Musikhistorikern und europaischer Kunstmusik. Der Titel dieses Artikels, bezogen eigentlich auf weiter unten zu erorternde kategorielle Probleme, mag auch als Anspielung auf diese Haltung verstanden werden: Viele Musikethnologen, sofern sie europaische Musik nicht ohnehin vollstandig ignorierten, schrieben gewissermasen implizit gegen diese an, etwa indem sie betonten, wie sehr beispielsweise afrikanische oder indische Musik in rhythmischer Hinsicht eigentlich viel reichhaltiger sei als europaische. Nun verdeckt jedoch gerade das gegenwartige Gerangel um Finanzen und Stellen, dass viele fruhere Vorbehalte gegenuber der Musikethnologie mittlerweile verschwunden sind. Ohnehin ist das Bewusstsein fur die Bedeutung von Interkulturalitat in den letzten Jahren und Jahrzehnten stark gewachsen: Seit dem Zusammenbruch des osteuropaischen Sozialismus wurden alle groseren internationalen Konflikte in Asien ausgetragen und ihre offentliche Diskussion ist stark von kulturellen Aspekten gepragt (Israel-Palastina-Konflikt, Golfkrieg, Afghanistan, Kashmir). Migranten aus Asien, Afrika und Lateinamerika gehoren heute in allen europaischen Metropolen unubersehbar zum Alltagsleben und auch daruber, dass Deutschland ein Einwanderungsland geworden ist, herrscht mittlerweile breiter gesellschaftlicher Konsens. Selbst die so genannte Welt

The paper reports on one aspect in the design of the extra-large unmanned underwater vehicle (XLUUV) MUM, referring to a large Modifiable Underwater Mothership. The vessel will be highly modular and has unique features, such as hydrogen fuel cell and lithium-ion batteries. Modules can be added and rearranged to fulfill different operations. The envisaged operation scenarios pose a challenge to the design of the propulsion and maneuvering system. Due to the limited power and energy storage, it must be efficient during submerged transit, capable of safe surfaced operation in public sea routes and of dynamic positioning. A design study is presented based on an initial design of two variants. The basic hull forms are compared in terms of required forces and moments for vessel motions. Simulations of hull forces are conducted using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and vessel motions are determined with an actuator force model. Different arrangements of propulsors and thrusters are investigated and compared concerning their propulsion efficiency and their agility in translatory and rotary directions. The results are presented as tabulated data and in capability plots. A final design is presented and discussed and a conclusion is presented.

Despite the importance of vegetation uptake of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) within the global Hg cycle, little knowledge exists on the physiological, climatic and geographic factors controlling stomatal uptake of atmospheric Hg(0) by tree foliage. We investigate controls on foliar stomatal Hg(0) uptake by combining Hg measurements of 3,569 foliage samples across Europe with data on tree species traits and environmental conditions. To account for foliar Hg accumulation over time, we normalized foliar Hg concentration over the foliar life period from the simulated start of the growing season to sample harvest. The most relevant parameter impacting daily foliar stomatal Hg uptake was tree functional group (deciduous versus coniferous trees). On average, we measured 3.2 times higher daily foliar stomatal Hg uptake rates in deciduous leaves than in coniferous needles of the same age. Across tree species, for foliage of beech and fir, and at two out of three forest plots with more than 20 samples, we found a significant (p

In this appraisal of then-current German-speaking ethnomusicology, Martin Greve calls for much more critical acknowledgment and consideration of recent key debates in cultural studies and cultural anthropology. The essay and its provocative title, certainly written in a constructive spirit, hit a trouble spot, fueling the fear of losing ethnomusicology’s disciplinary raison d’être. A short but telling discussion among German-speaking ethnomusicologists ensued. Citation: Greve, Martin. Writing against Europe:On the Necessary Decline of Ethnomusicology. Translated by Férdia J. Stone-Davis. Ethnomusicology Translations, no. 3. Bloomington, IN: Society for Ethnomusicology, 2016. Originally published in German as “‘Writing against Europe’: Vom notwendigen Verschwinden der Musikethnologie,” Musikforschung 55 (2002): 239-250.

A fully automated optimization process is provided for the design of ducted propellers under open water conditions, including 3D geometry modeling, meshing, optimization algorithm and CFD analysis techniques. The developed process allows the direct integration of a RANSE solver in the design stage. A practical ducted propeller design case study is carried out for validation. Numerical simulations and open water tests are fulfilled and proved that the optimum ducted propeller improves hydrodynamic performance as predicted.

The present study is focused on performance issues of underwater vehicles near the free surface and gives insight into the analysis of a speed loss in regular deep water waves. Predictions of the speed loss are based on the evaluation of the total resistance and effective power in calm water and preselected regular wave fields w.r.t. the non-dimensional wave to body length ratio. It has been assumed that the water is sufficiently deep and that the vehicle is operating in a range of small to moderate Froude numbers by moving forward on a straight-line course with a defined encounter angle of incident regular waves. A modified version of the Doctors & Days [1] method as presented in Skejic and Jullumstrø [2] is used for the determination of the total resistance and consequently the effective power. In particular, the wave-making resistance is estimated by using different approaches covering simplified methods, i.e. Michell’s thin ship theory with the inclusion of viscosity effects Tuck [3] and Lazauskas [4] as well as boundary element methods, i.e. 3D Rankine source calculations according to Hess and Smith [5]. These methods are based on the linear potential fluid flow and are compared to fully viscous finite volume methods for selected geometries. The wave resistance models are verified and validated by published data of a prolate spheroid and one appropriate axisymmetric submarine model. Added resistance in regular deep water waves is obtained through evaluation of the surge mean second-order wave load. For this purpose, two different theoretical models based on potential flow theory are used: Loukakis and Sclavounos [6] and Salvesen et. al. [7]. The considered theories cover the whole range of important wavelengths for an underwater vehicle advancing in close proximity to the free surface. Comparisons between the outlined wave load theories and available theoretical and experimental data were carried out for a submerged submarine and a horizontal cylinder. Finally, the effective power and speed loss are discussed from a submarine operational point of view where the mentioned parameters directly influence mission requirements in a seaway. All presented results are carried out from the perspective of accuracy and efficiency within common engineering practice. By concluding current investigations in regular waves an outlook will be drawn to the application of advancing underwater vehicles in more realistic sea conditions.

This paper investigates the open water performance of the Ka-series propellers at various pitch and expanded area ratios in combination with the 19A duct by employing the panel method panMARE and the RANSE code ANSYS-CFX. An efficient method, Caly, is developed in order to generate the 3D-geometry and the surface numerical grid of the ducted propellers. Caly can be coupled with ANSYS-TurboGrid to automatically produce 3D-grids for the RANSE solver. The numerical results are compared with published experimental data and the flow details are concluded and compared. The influences that the grid resolution, the panel arrangements of duct and blade, and the flow in gap between inside wall of the duct and blade tip on the numerical results are studied. Grids verification, turbulence model dependency analysis and Reynolds number scantling are also discussed.