147 results on '"Martin G. Helander"'
Search Results
2. Why Taking Medicine Is a Chore - An Analysis of Routine and Contextual Factors in the Home.
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Wei Kiat Koh, Jamie Ng, Odelia Yiling Tan, Zelia Tay, Alvin Hong Yee Wong, and Martin G. Helander
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- 2009
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Catalog
3. Cognitive Knowledge Modeling for Knowledge-based System Support.
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Yuan Fu Qiu, Yoon Ping Chui, and Martin G. Helander
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- 2006
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4. Web-Based Configure-to-Order Platform for Collaborative Development of Customized Products.
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Roger Jianxin Jiao, Martin G. Helander, and Lianfeng Zhang 0001
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- 2005
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5. Emotion Prediction from Physiological Signals: A Comparison Study Between Visual and Auditory Elicitors.
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Feng Zhou 0003, Xingda Qu, Roger Jianxin Jiao, and Martin G. Helander
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- 2014
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6. Affect prediction from physiological measures via visual stimuli.
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Feng Zhou 0003, Xingda Qu, Martin G. Helander, and Roger Jianxin Jiao
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- 2011
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7. Cognitive understanding of knowledge processing and modeling in design.
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Yuan Fu Qiu, Yoon Ping Chui, and Martin G. Helander
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- 2008
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8. Integrating pre-purchase affect in product concept development.
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Rosemary R. Seva, Martin G. Helander, and Henry Been-Lirn Duh
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- 2007
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9. A Kansei mining system for affective design.
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Roger Jianxin Jiao, Yiyang Zhang, and Martin G. Helander
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- 2006
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10. Development of an electronic configure-to-order platform for customized product development.
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Roger Jianxin Jiao and Martin G. Helander
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- 2006
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11. Customer Emotional Needs in Product Design.
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Halimahtun M. Khalid and Martin G. Helander
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- 2006
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12. Knowledge identification and management in product design.
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Yuan Fu Qiu, Yoon Ping Chui, and Martin G. Helander
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- 2006
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13. Adaptation and Sensitivity to Postural Change in Sitting.
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Martin G. Helander, Steven E. Little, and Colin G. Drury
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- 2000
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14. Binocular Rivalry as an Aid in Visual Inspection.
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Sudip K. Mazumder, Colin G. Drury, and Martin G. Helander
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- 1997
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15. Identifying Factors of Comfort and Discomfort in Sitting.
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Lijian Zhang, Martin G. Helander, and Colin G. Drury
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- 1996
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16. Contributors
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Gene M. Alarcon, Anthony L. Baker, Michael J. Barnes, Spring Berman, James P. Bliss, Jeffrey M. Bradshaw, J.C. Brill, August Capiola, Jessie Y.C. Chen, Erin K. Chiou, HeeSun Choi, Sanghyun Choo, Allen Coin, Nancy J. Cooke, J. Cruit, M.L. Cummings, Mustafa Demir, Veljko Dubljević, Elizabeth Eskander, Qin Gao, Gregory M. Gremillion, Robert S. Gutzwiller, P.A. Hancock, Kerstin S. Haring, Claudia Hauer, Martin G. Helander, Brittany E. Holthausen, Xiaoxiao Hu, Lixiao Huang, Makoto Itoh, Sarah A. Jessup, Matthew Johnson, A.D. Kaplan, Nicole Karpinsky-Mosely, Joseph R. Keebler, T.T. Kessler, Halimahtun M. Khalid, Theresa Law, Elizabeth H. Lazzara, Michael Lewis, Huao Li, Jinchao Lin, Mei-Hua Lin, Michael Long, Shelby K. Long, Joseph B. Lyons, Bertram F. Malle, Amar R. Marathe, Sachiko Matsumoto, Gerald Matthews, Jason S. Metcalfe, Christopher A. Miller, Chang S. Nam, Masahiro Ono, April Rose Panganiban, Yiannis Papelis, Brandon S. Perelman, Marc D. Pfahler, Elizabeth Phillips, David V. Pynadath, Laurel D. Riek, Paul Robinette, Nathan E. Sanders, T.L. Sanders, Kristin E. Schaefer, Matthias Scheutz, Tamera R. Schneider, Michaela Schwing, Rachel E. Stuck, Naomi Swanson, Katia Sycara, Daniel Ullman, Alan R. Wagner, Bruce N. Walker, Ning Wang, Auriel Washburn, Yusuke Yamani, and Wenlong Zhang more...
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- 2021
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17. Determinants of trust in human-robot interaction: Modeling, measuring, and predicting
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Mei-Hua Lin, Halimahtun M. Khalid, and Martin G. Helander
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Facial expression ,Artificial neural network ,Human–computer interaction ,Computer science ,Robot ,Context (language use) ,Reliability (statistics) ,Humanoid robot ,Human–robot interaction ,Gesture - Abstract
Can humans trust humanoid robots to perform social tasks? Trust is a multifactorial concept with several determinants that influence the interaction between humans and robots. These determinants include factors concerning human, robot, social, and context. To measure human trust in humanoid robots, interactive dialogues were used with subjective measures of general trust embedded in the dialogues. General trust was made up of three components: ability, benevolence, and integrity, each characterized by five attributes. These measures were mapped to objective measures of physiological trust comprising facial expressions, voiced speech, vision-based heart rate, and postural gestures. The purpose was to predict trust from a neural network of psychophysiological criteria. To validate the reliability of trust measures, a series of three experiments was conducted at three levels of interaction: human-human, human-robot and human-robot-human. While the methodology was used to measure human trust in robots, it has potential for measuring robot trust in humans. more...
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- 2021
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18. A Cognitive Study of Knowledge Processing in Collaborative Product Design
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Yuan Fu Qiu, Martin G. Helander, and Yoon Ping Chui
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Knowledge management ,Product design ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Knowledge processing ,Cognition ,business - Published
- 2020
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19. Exploring Psycho-Physiological Correlates to Trust
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Halimahtun M. Khalid, Parham Nooralishahi, Liew Wei Shiung, Zeeshan Rasool, Martin G. Helander, Loo Chu Kiong, and Chin Ai-Vyrn
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Medical Terminology ,Human interaction ,05 social sciences ,050602 political science & public administration ,Natural (music) ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,050107 human factors ,Human–robot interaction ,0506 political science ,Medical Assisting and Transcription ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
This paper describes a methodology for exploring trust using psychological (subjective) and physiological (objective) correlates to trust. The aim was to explore trust using natural dialogs of real-world scenarios that embed fifteen subjective measures. The goal was to apply the method in modeling human-robot-human interaction, involving three types of androids and to predict trust. Two forms of dialogs were employed: a guided script and a predetermined dialog representing three social scenarios. Objective features included facial expressions, voice and heart rate. Subjective trust measures comprised ability, benevolence and integrity. A repeated measures experimental design was employed. Forty-two subjects participated in the study. The data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and correlation. Multiple neuro-fuzzy models were trained using the data set and combined as an ensemble using evolutionary algorithms. The final ensemble estimated trust with 67% accuracy. The implications of the findings and limitations of the method are discussed. more...
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- 2016
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20. Creativity in Uncovering Customer Expertise for Affective Design
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Martin G. Helander and Jouh Ching Goh
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Semantic role labeling ,Hierarchy (mathematics) ,Categorization ,Computer science ,Human–computer interaction ,Context (language use) ,Product (category theory) ,Dialog box ,Affective design ,Purchasing - Abstract
We analyzed customer expertise in purchasing a car that satisfies customer needs for affective design. The approach was based on a hierarchical patterns analysis. There is a hierarchy of requirements starting with simple marketing requirements and ending with final design details. We assume that there is a rationale for customer’s evaluation of cars, and that evaluations are connected to design details. The purpose of using a hierarchical pattern was to model how car buyers evaluate car appearance. In addition, a hierarchical pattern is helpful to establish a dialog between car buyers and designers and create a frame work, where customer requirements can be satisfied. The study examined five main roles of product appearance, namely: Aesthetics, Symbolic Meaning, Functionality, Ergonomics and Categorization. The functional and ergonomics role are described as semantic roles as they address user’s evaluation of the apparent utility and perceived quality of a design. Twenty-six sets of evaluations were obtained from interviews with 13 subjects. To arrive at hierarchical patterns, the data was analyzed in three steps: Step 1 involved classifying responses into three groups: “I like”, “I dislike” and “I want to modify”. Step 2 transformed the results into hierarchical patterns using questions such as “Why do you like this car?” Step 3 analyzed and generalized the hierarchical patterns into a few simple patterns. The analyses yielded seven different hierarchical patterns, which generally fit all the evaluations of cars. The results are discussed in the context of the product appearance roles. more...
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- 2018
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21. Creativity in Measuring Trust in Human-Robot Interaction Using Interactive Dialogs
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Halimahtun M. Khalid, Bin Sheng Voong, Martin G. Helander, and Wei Shiung Liew
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Facial expression ,Service (systems architecture) ,Multivariate analysis of variance ,Human–computer interaction ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Scale (social sciences) ,Robot ,Creativity ,Humanoid robot ,Human–robot interaction ,media_common - Abstract
The measurement of human trust in humanoid robots in human-robot interaction requires novel approaches that can predict trust effectively. We present a method that mapped subjective measures (i.e. general trust, psychological) to objective measures (i.e. physiological) to predict trust. We designed interactive dialogs that represent real world service scenarios of Business, Disaster, and Healthcare. The dialogs embedded fifteen trust attributes of Ability, Benevolence and Integrity (ABI) in the communication dialogs. The ABI measures were mapped to physiological measures of facial expressions, voiced speech and camera-based heart rate. Forty-eight subjects comprising 24 males and 24 females aged between 18 to 36 years participated in the experiment. Half of the subjects were Malays and half were Chinese. Three humanoid robots represented full bodied, partial bodied and virtual agents. The experimental design was a within-subjects design. Each subject was tested on all robots in all scenarios. Subjects scored trust on an online scale that ranged from 0 to 7 points. The subjective data was analyzed using Univariate and Oneway MANOVA. The results found the humanoids to be trustworthy in different service tasks. The attributes of ‘Integrity’ and ‘Ability’ trust components are important in Business and Disaster scenarios. The estimation of trust was about 83% accurate when using this creative approach. In conclusion, humanoid robots can interact with humans using dialogs that are representative of real world communication. more...
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- 2018
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22. Effects of information access cost, confidence judgment and overconfidence bias on information retrieval strategy and task performance
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Jessie X. Yang, Christopher D. Wickens, Taezoon Park, and Martin G. Helander
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Medical Terminology ,Engineering ,Information retrieval ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,business.industry ,Information access ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,business ,Medical Assisting and Transcription ,Task (project management) ,Overconfidence effect - Abstract
Information access cost has been reported to be one determinant of one’s information retrieval strategy. However, the “expected gain” of an information retrieval strategy has not received much attention. The present study aimed to examine the effects of confidence judgment and overconfidence bias, besides the information access cost, on the choice of information retrieval strategy and task performance. The results showed that both information access cost and confidence judgment of memory accuracy affected information access attempts, and overconfidence bias harmed information retrieval performance. more...
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- 2014
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23. Visualizing disaster attitudes resulting from terrorist activities
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Halimahtun M. Khalid, Martin G. Helander, and Nilwan A. Hood
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Engineering ,Blogging ,Decision Making ,Emotions ,Poison control ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Environment ,Models, Psychological ,Affect (psychology) ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Suicide prevention ,Disasters ,Thinking ,Rescue Work ,Data Mining ,Humans ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Instinct ,Behavior ,Internet ,business.industry ,Research ,Semantic map ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Cognition ,Fear ,Public relations ,Affect ,Attitude ,Equipment and Supplies ,Terrorism ,Wounds and Injuries ,The Internet ,business ,Social Adjustment ,computer ,Stress, Psychological - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze people's attitudes to disasters by investigating how people feel, behave and think during disasters. We focused on disasters induced by humans, such as terrorist attacks. Two types of textual information were collected - from Internet blogs and from research papers. The analysis enabled forecasting of attitudes for the design of proactive disaster advisory scheme. Text was analyzed using a text mining tool, Leximancer. The outcome of this analysis revealed core themes and concepts in the text concerning people's attitudes. The themes and concepts were sorted into three broad categories: Affect, Behaviour, and Cognition (ABC), and the data was visualized in semantic maps. The maps reveal several knowledge pathways of ABC for developing attitudinal ontologies, which describe the relations between affect, behaviour and cognition, and the sequence in which they develop. Clearly, terrorist attacks induced trauma and people became highly vulnerable. Language: en more...
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- 2013
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24. Emotional needs of car buyers and emotional intent of car designers
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Hong Peng, Tek Yong Lim, Halimahtun M. Khalid, Martin G. Helander, and Xi Yang
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Mainland China ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Emotional Changes ,Emotional design ,Customer needs ,Automotive industry ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Advertising ,Sample (statistics) ,Affective design ,business - Abstract
We investigated the emotional intent of car buyers and designers in two related studies. The first study involved 179 Asian and European car owners from 10 countries who were interviewed in a survey. The results showed that several car design descriptors gave similar emotional associations in Europe and in Asia. Clearly, car owners look beyond functionality to consider emotional design features. The affective descriptors of the Asian sample were used in a second study involving seven car designers from an automotive company in mainland China. They were instructed to include affective features in their design of a car dashboard after first designing without instructions to include those features. The designers had no previous experience of affective car design, but the results revealed emotional changes to their design. It can be concluded that car designers may need to learn how to include emotional design features as a design procedure. more...
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- 2013
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25. Emotion Prediction from Physiological Signals: A Comparison Study Between Visual and Auditory Elicitors
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Xingda Qu, Jianxin (Roger) Jiao, Martin G. Helander, and Feng Zhou
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Computational model ,Visual perception ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Model prediction ,Speech recognition ,Subliminal stimuli ,Audiology ,Electroencephalography ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Human-Computer Interaction ,Comparison study ,medicine ,Psychology ,Skin conductance ,Software - Abstract
Unlike visual stimuli, little attention has been paid to auditory stimuli in terms of emotion prediction with physiological signals. This paper aimed to investigate whether auditory stimuli can be used as an effective elicitor as visual stimuli for emotion prediction using physiological channels. For this purpose, a well-controlled experiment was designed, in which standardized visual and auditory stimuli were systematically selected and presented to participants to induce various emotions spontaneously in a laboratory setting. Numerous physiological signals, including facial electromyogram, electroencephalography, skin conductivity and respiration data, were recorded when participants were exposed to the stimulus presentation. Two data mining methods, namely decision rules and k-nearest neighbor based on the rough set technique, were applied to construct emotionpredictionmodelsbasedonthefeaturesextractedfromthephysiologicaldata.Experimental results demonstrated that auditory stimuli were as effective as visual stimuli in eliciting emotions in terms of systematic physiological reactivity. This was evidenced by the best prediction accuracy quantified by the F1 measure (visual: 76.2% vs. auditory: 76.1%) among six emotion categories (excited, happy, neutral, sad, fearful and disgusted). Furthermore, we also constructed culturespecific (Chinese vs. Indian) prediction models. The results showed that model prediction accuracy was not significantly different between culture-specific models. Finally, the implications of affective auditory stimuli in human‐computer interaction, limitations of the study and suggestions for further research are discussed. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS • Emotions can be predicted accurately based on physiological data using computational models. • Prediction accuracy was on the same level for auditory and visual stimuli. • Auditory stimuli can thus have potential in affective human–computer interaction applications. more...
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- 2013
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26. Implications of product/process design on human and robotic workstations.
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George Burri and Martin G. Helander
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- 1986
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27. Determining the relationship between psychological and physiological measurements of human trust using rough set analysis
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Parham Nooralishahi, Halimahtun M. Khalid, W. S. Liew, Chu Kiong Loo, Martin G. Helander, and Z. Rasool
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Estimation ,Facial expression ,genetic structures ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Feature extraction ,050109 social psychology ,computer.software_genre ,050105 experimental psychology ,Correlation ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Quality (business) ,Data mining ,Rough set ,Psychology ,computer ,health care economics and organizations ,Cognitive psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Trust is a quality representing a person's willingness to rely on a trusted party to cooperate. Quantification of trust is highly subjective since it relies on self-reports. In this study, we analyzed trust between human subjects in terms of objective measures of facial expressions, voice and heart rate features as well as subjective trust scores from self-assessment reports. The objective was to use rough set analysis to determine if there was a relationship between the measured objective features and self-reported trust scores, and the degree to which the objective features contributed towards trust estimation. A number of facial expression and voice features were found to be associated to subjective trust estimation. more...
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- 2016
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28. Ergonomics Collaboration in the Oil and Gas Industry in Southeast Asia
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Martin G. Helander and Halimahtun M. Khalid
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Engineering ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Psychological intervention ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Certification ,Management ,Southeast asia ,Globalization ,Petroleum industry ,Multinational corporation ,Marketing ,business - Abstract
Global workplaces and multinational organizations in the oil and gas industry have created an environment in which human factors/ergonomics professionals collaborate to solve office ergonomics and process control design problems for clients. The demand for ergonomics expertise is growing, but the supply of certified ergonomists is limited. The situation is acute in Southeast Asia (SEA), given the lack of ergonomics awareness, training, and certification. We present three challenges that required ergonomics interventions and collaboration among ergonomists. Two of the projects involved multinational companies operating in SEA and one, a national company with global operations. more...
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- 2012
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29. Elicitation and analysis of affective needs in vehicle design
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Halimahtun M. Khalid, Martin G. Helander, Jenthi Krishna Radha, Qianli Xu, Anders Opperud, and School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
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Engineering ,Multimedia ,business.industry ,Automotive industry ,Semantic framework ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Usability ,Ontology (information science) ,computer.software_genre ,Field (computer science) ,Human–computer interaction ,In vehicle ,business ,computer ,Web survey - Abstract
This article describes a methodology for elicitation and analysis of affective needs for vehicle design. Driven by the concept of citarasa or emotional intent, the method has five steps. First, a model of emotional intent was conceptualised; second, a semantic framework of citarasa words was developed that mapped words to specific vehicle components to form a citarasa ontology; third, customer citarasa were elicited in the field using probe interview technique; fourth, affective needs were refined through Web survey; and fifth, the elicited citarasa were analysed using data mining techniques and the citarasa analysis tool. The tool is linked to the citarasa database that enables analysis of affective needs in several countries in Europe and Asia. The system has been technically verified, validated and tested for usability with consumers and automotive end-users. more...
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- 2012
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30. Affective Engineering and Design
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Halimahtun M. Khalid and Martin G. Helander
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Affective science ,Psychology ,Affect control theory ,Cognitive psychology - Published
- 2012
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31. The analysis of knowledge integration in collaborative engineering teams
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Martin G. Helander, Xi Yang, Andy Dong, and School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
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Engineering ,Knowledge management ,Product design ,business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,Collaborative engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Engineering ,Coherence (statistics) ,Terminology ,Engineering::Mechanical engineering [DRNTU] ,Knowledge integration ,New product development ,Quality (business) ,business ,media_common - Abstract
While it is often reported that collaboration in product design team is difficult because individuals bring with them their own language, terminology, perspectives and detailed knowledge, these claims rely on personal accounts and recollections. The lack of quantitative measures makes it challenging to identify individual-level differences and their influence on group-level behaviour. This paper presents a new method to measure the coherence of team communication at a linguistic level to ascertain the extent to which individuals share a common language and terminology. We then relate individual coherence to group performance in terms of collaboration process and design outcome. The research is based on a study of experienced product designers in China. The study shows that teams with high levels of semantic coherence between each participant and between each participant and the group are likely to have high quality collaboration processes. The team members’ high semantic coherence, however, is not strongly correlated to a high-quality design outcome. more...
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- 2012
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32. Affect prediction from physiological measures via visual stimuli
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Xingda Qu, Jianxin (Roger) Jiao, Feng Zhou, and Martin G. Helander
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Visual perception ,Computer science ,General Engineering ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Decision rule ,Affect (psychology) ,Education ,Human-Computer Interaction ,Hardware and Architecture ,Statistics ,Rough set ,Precision and recall ,Affective computing ,Software - Abstract
This study aims to predict different affective states via physiological measures with three types of computational models. An experiment was designed to elicit affective states with standardized affective pictures when multiple physiological signals were measured. Three data mining methods (i.e., decision rules, k-nearest neighbours, and decomposition tree) based on the rough set technique were then applied to construct prediction models from the extracted physiological features. We created three types of prediction models, i.e., gender-specific (male vs. female), culture-specific (Chinese vs. Indian vs. Western), and general models (participants with different genders and cultures as samples), and direct comparisons were made among these models. The best average prediction accuracies in terms of the F"1 measures (the harmonic mean of precision and recall) were 60.2%, 64.9%, 63.5% for the general models with 14, 21, and 42 samples, 78.0% for the female models, 75.1% for the male models, 72.0% for the Chinese models, 73.0% for the Indian models, and 76.5% for the Western models, respectively. These results suggested that the specific models performed better than did the general models. more...
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- 2011
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33. Cognitive Factors Influencing The Management Of Interruptions During Surgical Counts
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Yoel Donchin, Xi Yang, Ranieri Yung Ing Koh, Benedict Tiong Chee Tay, and Martin G. Helander
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Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Working memory ,Prospective memory ,Applied psychology ,Cognition ,Operations management ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Psychology - Abstract
Interruptions during surgical counts are critical gateways for adverse events to happen. It is important to understand the cognitive strategies nurses employ during interruptions of counts and to r... more...
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- 2011
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34. Comparing Rate-of-Change Cues in Trend Displays for a Process Control System
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Shanqing Yin, Pang Hong-Xiang, Martin G. Helander, and Christopher D. Wickens
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Operator performance ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Computer science ,Process control ,Data mining ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Performance improvement ,Representation (mathematics) ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,Plot (graphics) - Abstract
This study explored whether explicitly presenting rate-of-change cues, an information that is otherwise only implicitly derived in today’s process control operations, would benefit operator performance. Operators rely on rate-of-change (ROC) information to help anticipate and arrest problems and take early action. Currently ROC is derived implicitly via Trends displays, which plot historical data over time. A simulated experiment conducted using university undergraduates presented explicit rate-of-change (ROC) information, either in numerical or linear-shape format, into a modified Trends displays. Findings revealed performance improvement patterns and particularly strong performance benefits when ROC was presented in linear-shape format. Results provide first step towards integrating ROC representation into industry displays. more...
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- 2011
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35. Motivation-Expectation Space as a Representative Structure for Decision Strategies
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Angela Li Sin Tan, Boon Kee Soh, and Martin G. Helander
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Medical Terminology ,Engineering ,Knowledge management ,Process management ,Cognitive systems ,business.industry ,Human operator ,business ,Automation ,Medical Assisting and Transcription ,Bridging (programming) - Abstract
Introduction: In a cognitive system, human operators work with automation to achieve their goal. However, there are times when the human operator cannot interpret what the automation is doing. This can create dangerous communication gap particularly if the automation provides the wrong advice. This paper proposes the Motivation-Expectation Space (MES) as a representative structure for bridging the gap. Review: The MES has its theoretical foundation from research in Cognitive System Engineering. It represents the goals, means, causes, and effects in an orthogonal structure. These four components were repeatedly observed in research related to decision strategies. The MES was assessed against the information requirements for improving automation trust and dependency and found to suffice in supporting most of the requirements. Contribution: The structured representation of these elements in the MES would likely facilitate the interpretation of the decision strategies, making it easier and faster for the human to understand what the automation is doing. Parallels were also drawn between MES and Situation Awareness to suggest the potential value MES can bring to research in Cognitive System Engineering. more...
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- 2010
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36. The influence of cellular phone attributes on users' affective experiences: A cultural comparison
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Martin G. Helander and Rosemary R. Seva
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Engineering ,Product design ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Advertising ,Affect (psychology) ,Phone ,Cultural diversity ,Relevance (information retrieval) ,Product (category theory) ,business ,Consumer behaviour ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
This study explores how cellular phone attributes influence the affective experiences of users. It is hypothesized that product attributes trigger emotional responses and that different sets of product attributes trigger intense emotional responses in Singapore and Philippines, two countries with different cultures. Results of the study showed that Singaporean pre-purchase affect (PPA) is intensified mostly by functional attributes such as display area, weight, and thickness while Filipino PPA is influenced by aesthetic attributes. Relevance to industry Designers can use the results of the study as input to cellular phone design. The study also highlights the fact that cultural differences should be considered in design. The approach taken in the analysis will also be helpful in identifying specific attributes that designers can focus on. more...
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- 2009
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37. An analytical Kano model for customer need analysis
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Xi Yang, Roger J. Jiao, Martin G. Helander, Anders Opperud, Halimahtun M. Khalid, and Qianli Xu
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Decision support system ,Engineering ,Voice of the customer ,Operations research ,Product design ,business.industry ,Dashboard (business) ,General Engineering ,General Social Sciences ,Computer Science Applications ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Artificial Intelligence ,Kano model ,Architecture ,Systems engineering ,Customer satisfaction ,Product (category theory) ,business ,Configuration design - Abstract
In an effort to address the inherent deficiencies of traditional Kano method, this paper proposes an analytical Kano (A-Kano) model with focus on customer need analysis. Kano indices in accordance with the Kano principles are proposed to incorporate quantitative measures into customer satisfaction. Accordingly, two alternative mechanisms are proposed to provide decision support to product design, (1) the Kano classifiers are used as tangible criteria for categorizing customer needs, and (2) the configuration index is introduced as a decision factor of product configuration design. The merit of product configurations is justified using a Kano evaluator, which leverages upon both the customer's satisfaction and the producer's capacity. A case study of dashboard in automotive design is also presented. It is demonstrated that the A-Kano model can effectively incorporate customer preferences in product design, while leading to an optimal tradeoff between customer's satisfaction and producer's capacity. more...
- Published
- 2009
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38. Proactive Process Control Monitoring using Trends
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Shanqing Yin, Martin G. Helander, and Angela Tan
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Medical Terminology ,Engineering ,Process management ,business.industry ,Use of time ,Operations management ,Product (category theory) ,Decision process ,Distributed control system ,business ,Process control monitoring ,Medical Assisting and Transcription - Abstract
Proactive monitoring involves, in part, the effective use of time-based information such as Trends. In the oil and chemical industries, the benefits of a proactive approach include less down-time, fewer alarm-flooding stresses, and maximized product output. This report aims to describe the effective use of trend displays by examining how expert Distributed Control System (DCS) operators monitored and visualized trends proactively. We found two preferences for trend display layouts, suggesting a lack of design guidelines and understanding towards optimum trend usage performance in the industry. The decision process in proactive monitoring is discussed, along with the attributes that define an expert trends user. more...
- Published
- 2008
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39. Cognitive understanding of knowledge processing and modeling in design
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Martin G. Helander, Yuan Fu Qiu, and Yoon Ping Chui
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Cognitive model ,Knowledge management ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Strategy and Management ,Knowledge engineering ,Socio-cognitive ,Procedural knowledge ,Knowledge-based systems ,Knowledge modeling ,Knowledge integration ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Domain knowledge ,business - Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this research is to aim to improve the cognitive understanding of knowledge processing and provide a cognitive knowledge modeling method in product design.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, a cognitive model of knowledge processing is described. A cognitive knowledge modeling method is presented. Suggestions on cognitive support for knowledge based systems are provided.FindingsThere is often a fundamental mismatch between the way human process knowledge and the way it is processed by technology for supporting product design. It is necessary to develop tools, methods and technology which integrate seamlessly with the design process. This study focuses on the internal human activities and explores knowledge management research from a human factors perspective. Cognitive knowledge modeling will result in a natural integration of knowledge‐based systems into the design process.Research limitations/implicationsThis study uses an experimental approach and hopefully the research can therefore be generalized to other situations.Practical implicationsThis study provides guidelines for cognitive support for knowledge‐based systems.Originality/valueCognitive knowledge processing is described and a cognitive knowledge modeling method is presented. The paper explores knowledge management research by analyzing human activities, in combination with the study of management and engineering technologies. more...
- Published
- 2008
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40. Analytical affective design with ambient intelligence for mass customization and personalization
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Halimahtun M. Khalid, Jun Du, Petri Helo, Qianli Xu, Yiyang Zhang, Martin G. Helander, Cheng Ni, and Roger J. Jiao
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Engineering ,Ambient intelligence ,Process management ,business.industry ,Mass customization ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Competitive advantage ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Personalization ,Conjoint analysis ,Customer satisfaction ,Marketing ,business ,Affective design ,Configuration design - Abstract
The fulfillment of individual customer affective needs may award the producer extra premium in gaining a competitive edge. This entails a number of technical challenges to be addressed, such as the elicitation, evaluation, and fulfillment of affective needs, as well as the evaluation of affordability of producers to launch the planned products. Mass customization and personalization have been recognized as an effective means to enhance front-end customer satisfaction while maintaining back-end production efficiency. This paper proposes an affective design framework to facilitate decision-making in designing customized product ecosystems. In particular, ambient intelligence techniques are applied to elicit affective customer needs. An analytical model is proposed to support affective design analysis. Utility measure and conjoint analysis are employed to quantify affective satisfaction, while the producer affordability is evaluated using an affordability index. Association rule mining techniques are applied to model the mapping of affective needs to design elements. Configuration design of product ecosystems is optimized with a heuristic genetic algorithm. A case study of Volvo truck cab design is reported with a focus on the customization of affective features. It is demonstrated that the analytical affective design framework can effectively manage the elicitation, analysis, and fulfillment of affective customer needs. Meanwhile, it can account for the manufacturer’s capabilities, which is vital for ensuring a profit margin in the mass customization and personalization endeavor. more...
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- 2007
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41. The marketing implications of affective product design
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Henry Been-Lirn Duh, Martin G. Helander, and Rosemary R. Seva
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Philippines ,Emotions ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Personality psychology ,Affect (psychology) ,Phone ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Product (category theory) ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Marketing ,Singapore ,Product design ,Multilevel modelling ,Equipment Design ,Test (assessment) ,Mobile phone ,Female ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Cell Phone - Abstract
Emotions are compelling human experiences and product designers can take advantage of this by conceptualizing emotion-engendering products that sell well in the market. This study hypothesized that product attributes influence users' emotions and that the relationship is moderated by the adherence of these product attributes to purchase criteria. It was further hypothesized that the emotional experience of the user influences purchase intention. A laboratory study was conducted to validate the hypotheses using mobile phones as test products. Sixty-two participants were asked to assess eight phones from a display of 10 phones and indicate their emotional experiences after assessment. Results suggest that some product attributes can cause intense emotional experience. The attributes relate to the phone's dimensions and the relationship between these dimensions. The study validated the notion of integrating affect in designing products that convey users' personalities. more...
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- 2007
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42. Use of axiomatic design principles for analysing the complexity of human–machine systems
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Martin G. Helander and Shuan Lo
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Coupling ,Theoretical computer science ,business.industry ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Usability ,Axiomatic design ,Action (philosophy) ,Metric (mathematics) ,Systems engineering ,Human–machine system ,Design improvement ,business ,Gulf of execution ,Mathematics - Abstract
Coupling between user goals and user actions has an adverse effect on usability, because it increases the gulf of execution. Based on the principles of axiomatic design, a methodology was developed for identifying and suggesting avenues for eliminating such couplings. A model of a human–machine system is constructed using the following design domains: goal; functional; physical; and action. The mappings between these domains are represented using design equations, which provide a qualitative metric for characterizing the degree of coupling. The use of this methodology is illustrated using several examples, which show that coupling may exist between the goal and functional domains, the functional and physical domains or the physical and action domains. Different loci of coupling have different implications for design improvement. By providing a general and rational criterion, this formalized and analytical methodology has the potential to be a useful tool for design engineers during the early stages of design. more...
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- 2007
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43. Using design equations to identify sources of complexity in human–machine interaction
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Martin G. Helander
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Mathematical optimization ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Functional requirement ,Information theory ,Axiomatic design ,Systems analysis ,Human machine interaction ,Entropy (information theory) ,Probabilistic design ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Axiom - Abstract
A coupled design is generally more difficult to use than an uncoupled design. It should therefore be replaced by an uncoupled design. The problem described in this paper is to identify sources of couplings and propose new design parameters that uncouple the design. A method based on Suh's axiomatic design (AD) was developed. There are two axioms in AD. The first axiom proclaims that design parameters should be selected so that functional requirements become independent. Based on this, a method for Human Factors Design was devised. It is called Design Equations for Systems Analysis (DESA). Several case studies of human factors design problems were analysed: a refrigerator, hand tools and a driver's compartment. As demonstrated in the case studies, DESA is useful for analysis of existing design solutions as well as for synthesis of new design alternatives. The second axiom in AD aims at minimizing information in design. It should be noted that this is in agreement with Hick's law and Fitts’ law. The calcula... more...
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- 2007
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44. Predictive displays for a process-control schematic interface
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Christopher D. Wickens, Jason Laberge, Martin G. Helander, and Shanqing Yin
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Adult ,Male ,In process control ,Engineering ,Situation awareness ,Interface (computing) ,Control (management) ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Automation ,User-Computer Interface ,Young Adult ,Manufacturing Industry ,Task Performance and Analysis ,Process control ,Humans ,Applied Psychology ,Simulation ,business.industry ,Process (computing) ,Schematic ,Ranging ,Research Design ,Data Display ,Female ,Ergonomics ,business ,Algorithms - Abstract
Objective: Our objective was to examine the extent to which increasing precision of predictive (rate of change) information in process control will improve performance on a simulated process-control task. Background: Predictive displays have been found to be useful in process control (as well as aviation and maritime industries). However, authors of prior research have not examined the extent to which predictive value is increased by increasing predictor resolution, nor has such research tied potential improvements to changes in process control strategy. Method: Fifty nonprofessional participants each controlled a simulated chemical mixture process (honey mixer simulation) that simulated the operations found in process control. Participants in each of five groups controlled with either no predictor or a predictor ranging in the resolution of prediction of the process. Results: Increasing detail resolution generally increased the benefit of prediction over the control condition although not monotonically so. The best overall performance, combining quality and predictive ability, was obtained by the display of intermediate resolution. The two displays with the lowest resolution were clearly inferior. Conclusion: Predictors with higher resolution are of value but may trade off enhanced sensitivity to variable change (lower-resolution discrete state predictor) with smoother control action (higher-resolution continuous predictors). Application: The research provides guidelines to the process-control industry regarding displays that can most improve operator performance. more...
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- 2015
45. Knowledge identification and management in product design
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Martin G. Helander, Qiu Yuan Fu, and Yoon Ping Chui
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Knowledge management ,Product design ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Strategy and Management ,Knowledge engineering ,Knowledge value chain ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Organizational learning ,Personal knowledge management ,Domain knowledge ,business ,Design technology - Abstract
PurposeThe paper seeks to improve the understanding of knowledge identification and management in product design by studying designers' cognition and behavior.Design/methodology/approachKnowledge management becomes an essential process in product design. However, most organizations and designers do not understand what knowledge should and can be managed. Little research is focused on studying the cognitive and social psychological factors within knowledge activities. This paper is mainly focused on knowledge issues in product design. This study focuses on the internal human activities and explores knowledge management research utilizing a human factors perspective.FindingsIn this paper knowledge in product design is defined; knowledge in product design is identified and classified based on design decision‐making processes. Furthermore, how to improve the knowledge management process in collaborative decision making is presented.Research limitations/implicationsThis study uses an experimental approach and hopefully the research can therefore be generalized to other situations.Practical implicationsThis study provides guidelines for information technology support for knowledge management in product design.Originality/valueKnowledge used in product design is identified and classified. The paper explores knowledge management research by analyzing human activity, in combination with the study of management and engineering technologies. more...
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- 2006
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46. Factors Affecting Emotional Responses in Mobile Phone Design Evaluation
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Henry Been-Lirn Duh, Rosemary R. Seva, and Martin G. Helander
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Engineering ,Design evaluation ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Usability ,Preference ,Medical Terminology ,Feeling ,Mobile phone ,Phone ,Product (category theory) ,Decision-making ,business ,Social psychology ,Medical Assisting and Transcription ,media_common - Abstract
Emotion is elicited by products upon closer inspection before purchase. The pre-purchase situation is very important because it is at this stage that consumers make a decision to buy a product. This study identified the relationship between mobile phone attributes and pre-purchase emotion. The moderating effect of selected purchase criteria to the relationship between attributes and emotion was also be investigated. Forty two participants voluntarily took part in this field survey. Results of the study suggested that phone attributes related to dimension and form can predict pre-purchase emotion. The size of the navigation button was found to be a significant predictor of all pre-purchase emotion except excitement. Larger navigation buttons elicited greater intensities of positive emotion. Other phone attributes were also found to be significant predictors of some emotions. Design preference moderated the relationship between the size of the navigation button and feelings of encouragement to buy. more...
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- 2006
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47. Applied Work Domain Analysis: Translating Knowledge to Representation
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Angela Li Sin Tan and Martin G. Helander
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Medical Terminology ,Theoretical computer science ,Cognitive work analysis ,business.industry ,Artificial intelligence ,Dimension (data warehouse) ,Space (commercial competition) ,business ,Representation (mathematics) ,Work domain analysis ,Medical Assisting and Transcription ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper describes a method for transforming knowledge elicited from real life applications into Rasmussen's Abstraction-Decomposition Space (ADS). The ADS is used to represent knowledge in a Work Domain Analysis (WDA), the first of five stages in a Cognitive Work Analysis. The WDA is highly conceptual and is mostly used by trained practitioners. There are many concepts and rules in the construction of the ADS. These make it difficult for practitioners to transform and map their data onto the two dimensional (2D) ADS. In Applied Work Domain Analysis (AWDA), we introduce a new dimension, cause-effect, thereby creating a 2D orthogonal space called the Motivation-Expectation Space (MES). The rules for constructing the MES are easier to apply than the ADS. After constructing the MES, practitioners can map information in MES onto the ADS. more...
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- 2006
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48. Using Design Equations for Design Analysis and Synthesis
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Martin G. Helander
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Medical Terminology ,Coupling ,Engineering ,Design analysis ,business.industry ,Systems design ,Functional requirement ,Control engineering ,business ,Axiomatic design ,Medical Assisting and Transcription - Abstract
Design Equations were used for anthropometric design of a truck cab. Functional Requirements were first formulated. Design Parameters were then selected with the purpose of creating an uncoupled design. Design equations were formulated, where couplings between functional requirements and design parameters were investigated. Ideally there should be a one-to-one correspondence between functional requirements and design parameters. This can be achieved if the design parameters are selected in a strategic fashion so that couplings are minimized. The nature of the design equations will inform the designer of the type of coupling: coupled design, semi-coupled design or uncoupled design. Design parameters that lead to couplings are replaced by other design parameters that create an uncoupled design. The design equations therefore serve to analyze a design, and by understanding the couplings it is feasible to synthesize a better solution. We call this method DESA — Design Equations for Systems Design. It has broad implications for design. more...
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- 2006
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49. Customer Emotional Needs in Product Design
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Martin G. Helander and Halimahtun M. Khalid
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Customer delight ,Engineering ,Voice of the customer ,Knowledge management ,Product design ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Customer needs ,General Engineering ,050109 social psychology ,Cognition ,Computer Science Applications ,Modeling and Simulation ,New product development ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Customer intelligence ,business ,050107 human factors - Abstract
Most studies on product design have focused on customer needs concerning functionality and utility. Rarely has the issue of customer emotions been investigated. Traditional cognitive approaches to product usability tend to underestimate the importance of customer emotions in design. Not surprisingly, the success of a product in the marketplace may be determined by its aesthetic appeal, the pleasure it creates, and the satisfaction it brings to the customer. Emotions influence how a customer interacts with the product. In the interaction, feelings accompany thinking. This article characterizes customer emotions and issues concerning their measurement. The literature has documented various methods for measuring and evaluating emotions, but only a few are relevant to product development. In this article, we illustrate subjective and objective methods that are commonly used in evaluating customer emotion to an artifact. While evidence suggests that emotion matters in determining the sales potential of products, the measurement of emotions may be difficult because of the indefinite relationship between an emotion and its behavioral expression. Culture has a strong effect on what customers look for in a product and how they interpret the product and its interfaces. We present a framework for analysis of customer emotions in relation to the designer’s environment. The framework is part of the product development life cycle, where customer needs and measured emotions are input early in the design process. The goal is to achieve a pleasurable and satisfying product. more...
- Published
- 2006
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50. A Kansei mining system for affective design
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Jianxin Jiao, Martin G. Helander, and Yiyang Zhang
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Product design specification ,Decision support system ,Association rule learning ,Computer science ,General Engineering ,computer.software_genre ,Affect (psychology) ,Computer Science Applications ,Conjoint analysis ,Kansei ,Artificial Intelligence ,Human–computer interaction ,Systems architecture ,Data mining ,Kansei engineering ,Affective design ,computer - Abstract
Affective design has received much attention from both academia and industries. It aims at incorporating customers' affective needs into design elements that deliver customers' affective satisfaction. The main challenge for affective design originates from difficulties in mapping customers' subjective impressions, namely Kansei, to perceptual design elements. This paper intends to develop an explicit decision support to improve the Kansei mapping process by reusing knowledge from past sales records and product specifications. As one of the important applications of data mining, association rule mining lends itself to the discovery of useful patterns associated with the mapping of affective needs. A Kansei mining system is developed to utilize valuable affect information latent in customers' impressions of existing affective designs. The goodness of association rules is evaluated according to their achievements of customers' expectations. Conjoint analysis is applied to measure the expected and achieved utilities of a Kansei mapping relationship. Based on goodness evaluation, mapping rules are further refined to empower the system with useful inference patterns. The system architecture and implementation issues are discussed in detail. An application of Kansei mining to mobile phone affective design is presented. more...
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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