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Purpose To examine the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and the corresponding risk factors among pregnant women during the confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain. Materials and methods Between 15 April and 14 May 2020, a multicentre cross-sectional survey was performed to study depression, anxiety and resilience in a sample of Spanish pregnant women during the lockdown set up by the Government in response to COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. We designed an anonymous online self-administered questionnaire (https://bit.ly/34RRpq1) that included the Spanish validated versions of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience 10-items Scale (CD-RISC-10). Results A total of 514 pregnant women completed the survey. 72.8% had been confined < 40 days and 27.2% between 41 and 60 days. 182 (35.4%) participants scored over 10, with 21.3% scoring over 13 (75th Percentile) in depressive symptoms rates. We found high trait and anxiety scores, with 223 (43.4%) and 227 (44.2%) pregnant women scoring over the trait and state mean scores. Neither depression, anxiety or resilience levels showed any significant correlation with the length of confinement. We found low CD-RISC-10 scores. Conclusions We found a high prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms during the quarantine, although we did not find an increased prevalence of psychological distress according to length of home confinement. Resilience correlated negatively with depression and anxiety.

COVID-19 vaccines have shown high efficacy, with most side effects being mild–moderate and more frequently reported by females and people at younger ages. Since no studies have assessed the impact that weight status could have on the reported adverse reactions, we aim to study the association between weight status and reported side effects. We included data on 2136 adults from an online survey conducted from 6 May to 9 June 2021. The questionnaire was filled in by participants over Google forms. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used. A higher risk of presenting fever ≥38°, vomiting, diarrhea and chills was found in those with a non-overweight status compared to those overweight after adjusting for age, sex, education, medication to prevent/relieve post-vaccination effects and vaccine administered. When adjusting, most of the significant effects, in the association between side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine and weight status, did not remain significant. In conclusion, a non-overweight status was associated with a higher risk of presenting fever ≥38°, vomiting, diarrhea and chills compared to those overweight. Nevertheless, most of the reported side effects to COVID-19 vaccine were not associated with a higher risk of presenting more adverse effects, and individual differences were determined by sex and age.

El artículo analiza la importancia que tuvieron a principios del siglo XX , las corrientes degeneracionistas y regeneracionistas en el pensamiento social latinoamericano, y como en el caso de Guatemala se van a plasmar en un interesante debate mantenido por las elites intelectuales de la «Generación de 1920», entre espiritualistas y positivistas acerca del « problema del indio» y su relación con el imaginario de nación. Al final acaba imponiéndose la eugenesia o el blanqueamiento de la nación, y la exclusión de los indígenas de la ciudadanía. En este debate participan un grupo de intelectuales denominados «la generación pionera de la antropología guatemalteca», que, aunque muchos de ellos no fueron antropólogos de profesión, si estuvieron muy influidos por el indigenismo mexicano y fundaron el Instituto Indigenista de Guatemala, en 1944.

This article examines the history of the relationship between racism and genocide in certain countries, such as Guatemala, where racism has been a key element of the building of the national State. The text focuses on three vital moments of Guatemalan history, when the stereotypical images of indigenous people and the representations of the power elites’ whiteness were being forged. The analysis of these three different moments is followed by some thoughts and considerations about the genocide committed against the indigenous peoples of Guatemala during the 1980s.