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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devasting neurodegenerative disease with no cure to date. Therapeutic agents used to treat ALS are very limited, although combined therapies may offer a more effective treatment strategy. Herein, we have studied the potential of nanomedicine to prepare a single platform based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for the treatment of an ALS animal model with a cocktail of agents such as leptin (neuroprotective) and pioglitazone (anti-inflammatory), which have already demonstrated promising therapeutic ability in other neurodegenerative diseases. Our goal is to study the potential of functionalized mesoporous materials as therapeutic agents against ALS using MSNs as nanocarriers for the proposed drug cocktail leptin/pioglitazone (bMSN-LEP-PIO/b). The nanostructured materials have been characterized by different techniques, which confirmed the incorporation of both agents in the nanosystem. Subsequently, the effect,iin vivo/i, of the proposed drug cocktail,bMSN-LEP-PIO/b, was used in the murine model of TDP-43 proteinopathy (TDP-43supA315T/supmice). Body weight loss was studied, and using the rotarod test, motor performance was assessed, observing a continuous reduction in body weight and motor coordination in TDP-43supA315T/supmice and wild-type (WT) mice. Nevertheless, the disease progression was slower and showed significant improvements in motor performance, indicating that TDP-43supA315T/supmice treated withbMSN-LEP-PIO/bseem to have less energy demand in the late stage of the symptoms of ALS. Collectively, these results seem to indicate the efficiency of the systemsiin vivo/iand the usefulness of their use in neurodegenerative models, including ALS.

Resumen Introduccion En 2017 se realizo una encuesta a nivel mundial sobre el cumplimiento de las practicas que promueve la Neo-IHAN (Iniciativa para la Humanizacion de la Asistencia al Nacimiento y la Lactancia en las unidades neonatales). Objetivo Presentar los resultados de las unidades espanolas que participaron en la encuesta mundial y compararlos con los obtenidos internacionalmente. Material y metodos Estudio transversal mediante una encuesta sobre el cumplimiento de los requisitos de la Neo-IHAN («Tres principios basicos», «Diez pasos adaptados a unidades neonatales» y el «cumplimiento del Codigo internacional de comercializacion de sucedaneos de leche materna»). El cumplimiento se calculo como la media en cada indicador y una puntuacion media final para cada unidad neonatal. Para las puntuaciones parciales y finales de cada pais y a nivel internacional se utilizo la mediana. Las puntuaciones van de 0 a 100. Resultados La tasa de respuesta en Espana fue del 90% de las unidades de nivel 2 y 3. El rango de la media para las unidades neonatales fue de 37 a 99, sin diferencias segun el nivel asistencial. La puntuacion global de Espana (72) esta por debajo de la mediana internacional (77), asi como en 8 de los 14 requisitos de la Neo-IHAN. Las unidades neonatales de hospitales con maternidades acreditadas IHAN obtuvieron una puntuacion media final significativamente mayor, asi como en 9 de los 14 requisitos frente a las no acreditadas. Conclusiones Los resultados, tanto internacionales como nacionales, indican una mejora de las practicas de la lactancia materna en las unidades neonatales. Los beneficios de la acreditacion IHAN de las maternidades alcanzan a las unidades neonatales. Espana tiene varios puntos clave por debajo de la puntuacion internacional.

Among the many Chinese film productions addressing the world of medicine, it is especially noteworthy Dying to Survive (2018) by Wen Muye, a film based on the true story of Lu Yong, a person suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia who in 2004 organized a smuggling network aimed at introducing the generic version of the imatinib into China. This production became a baokuan film, that is, a film that reached a great social, economic, and in this case, political and legal repercussion. Thus, using this film as a case study, this research aims at analyzing how this type of leukemia and its treatment are reflected in the film, exploring how the smuggling of generic medicines is represented and resignified, as well as examining this film’s sociopolitical and health impact in China. Main results achieved include the representation of the evolution of this disease through the character Lu Shouyi, the importance of the Indian pharmaceutical industry in the production and supply of the imatinib, the emergence of a heterotopy around the introduction and distribution of this medication in China, and the strong influence of this film on the review and renewal of some drug laws by the government of China.

Objectives. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) has been considered more prevalent among HIV-exposed children during pregnancy. Spanish national guidelines recommend the cCMV screening in these newborns. Nowadays, pregnant women have a better control of HIV infection compared to previous decades. We aim to analyze the prevalence and associated risk factors to cCMV in these children. Patients and methods. A retrospective cross-sectorial study was performed. All newborns exposed to HIV were assisted in a third-level hospital (2014-2020). Epidemiological and clinical data of the mother and newborn were recorded. Shell vial urine culture and/or CRP were performed along the two first weeks of life for the neonatal screening of cCMV. Results. Overall 69 newborns were enrolled. A high proportion (82.4%) of the mothers had been diagnosed with HIV before getting pregnant. All women received ART during the pregnancy. Median T-CD4 lymphocytes before delivery was 641/mm3 (IQR: 480-865) and the viral load was undetectable in 83.6%. Serological test for CMV along the first trimester of pregnancy was performed in 73.5% (positive IgG in 96%). There were no congenital cases of HIV neither cCMV (CI 95%:0-5.3%). Conclusions. The cCMV prevalence in newborns exposed to HIV was 0%, lower than reported before, probably related to a better and earlier ART during pregnancy, leading to a better immunological status.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease, has no effective treatment. Recent evidence supports a strong metabolic component in ALS pathogenesis, raising additional therapeutic targets against ALS. At this respect, improvements in motor deficits and disease-associated weight loss after repeated exposures to ozone (O3) in the mouse model of ALS based on TDP-43 proteinopathy (TDP-43A315T mice) have been reported. Here, the underlying molecular mechanisms to determine whether O3 exposure induces metabolic changes in ALS have been investigated. Molecular biology analysis demonstrated that O3 significantly modified the expression profile of hypothalamic neuropeptides, altering phosphorylation levels of the signal transducer and activator transcription 3 (STAT3) and protein kinase B (Akt), concomitantly to increase the expression of genes involved in metabolism and thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of TDP-43A315T mice. Composition of fecal gut microbiome of exposed TDP-43A315T mice varied significantly compared to wild type (WT) controls. Densitometric analysis of neuromuscular junction, indicated that O3 does not impaired the progression of disease in the skeletal muscle. Our findings suggest the effectiveness of O3 exposure to induce metabolic effects in the hypothalamus and BAT of this ALS mouse model and may be a new complementary non-pharmacological approach for ALS therapy.

Background Data are limited on the association between the use of donor human milk and improvements in feeding tolerance. Objective To determine the influence of the duration of parenteral nutrition on the growth and morbidity of the breastfed newborn when using donated human milk in the absence of mother’s own milk. Methods We conducted a retrospective study before and after the intervention that compared two groups of newborns ( N = 284; each group n = 142). We used a convenience sample of all newborns ≤32 weeks gestation consecutively admitted in a single unit before (Group 1 between December 2012 and May 2014) or after (Group 2 between October 2014 and December 2016) the availability of donor human milk. In Group 2, donor human milk was administered at least 3 to 4 weeks or until the baby weighed 1,500 g. Weight was recorded daily and length and head circumference weekly. Parenteral nutrition was continued until enteral feeding volume reached 120 ml/kg/day. Additional variables measured were the number of days with a central venous catheter, age that the enteral feeding volume reached 150 ml/kg/day, and duration of stay. Results The duration of parenteral feeding was the same before and after: 12 (8.23) and 11 (7.19) days ( p = .822). The z scores for weight and height of newborns was lower in Group 2 = −1.8 (1.0) and −2.3 (1.1) and Group 1 = −1.2 (1.1) ( p < .001) and −1.8 (1.4) ( p = .005). Conclusion We did not find an association between the administration of donor human milk as a supplement to mother’s own milk and reduced number of days of parenteral nutrition. Back translation by Laurence Grummer-Strawn

In this paper, I will argue that, contrary to what is generally assumed in the debate on expressive action, we do not have good reasons to exclude facial and bodily expressions of emotion such as smiling or frowning from the cat-egory of actions. For this purpose, I will compare facial and bodily expressions of emotion with simple expressive actions, such as jumping for joy or covering one’s face in shame. I will try to show that simple expressive actions cannot be pre-sented as actions while excluding facial and bodily expressions of emotion from this condition. My contention will then be that either both sorts of behaviour are to be identified as actions or neither is. The latter sounds rather implausible, though, as we would have to assimilate jumping for joy or covering one’s face in shame to spasms, which conflicts with the way we relate to such behaviours. My conclusion will then be that both simple expressive actions and facial and bodily ex-pressions of emotion should be included within the category of actions, at least on the basis of the main assumptions in the current debate on expressive action.; En este artículo argumentaré que, a diferencia de lo que suele asumirse en el debate sobre las acciones expresivas, no tenemos buenas razones para excluir a las expresiones faciales y corporales de las emociones, como sonreír o fruncir el ceño, de la categoría de acciones. Para ello, compararé las expresiones faciales y corporales de las emociones con acciones expresivas sim-ples como, por ejemplo, saltar de alegría o cubrirse avergonzado la cara. Intentaré mostrar que no puede presentarse a las acciones expresivas simples como acciones y excluir, al mismo tiempo, a las expresiones faciales y corporales de las emociones de esta categoría. Sostendré, por tanto, que, o bien ambos tipos de comportamiento son acciones, o bien ninguno lo es. Esto último, no obstante, resulta bastante problemático, ya que tendríamos que asimilar el saltar de alegría o el cubrirse avergonzado la cara a meros espasmos, lo cual entra en conflicto con la manera en la que nos relacionamos con este tipo de comportamientos. Mi conclusión será entonces que tanto las acciones expresivas simples como las expresiones faciales y corporales de las emociones han de ser incluidas en la categoría de acciones, al menos, dados los presupuestos principales del debate actual sobre acciones expresivas.

Objective. To compare the performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for diagnosing Echinococcus granulosus in dog feces among national reference laboratories in Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay. Methods. National laboratories affiliated with the Ministry of Health/Agriculture of each country exchanged panels of 10 positive/negative samples obtained from their regular national surveillance programs in November 2015 – November 2016. All laboratories applied PCR; two also applied ELISA techniques. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for each laboratory and concordance of results among the laboratories was evaluated by Cohen Kappa coefficient. Results. Poor concordance (3 of 10 paired comparisons had values of Kappa > 0.4), low sensitivity and specificity across all laboratories, and poor performance of both techniques in detecting E. granulosus in canine feces was demonstrated in this study. An ex-post comparison of the laboratories’ test protocols showed substantial heterogeneity that could partially explain poor concordance of results. Conclusion. The results underscore the heterogeneity of canine echinococcosis diagnosis across the region and indicate possible sources of variability. Efforts to standardize canine echinococcosis testing must be included in the plan of action for the Regional Initiative for the Control of Cystic Echinococcosis. Future comparisons with fecal samples of known parasite load are needed.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is endemic in the Rio Negro province of Argentina. After 30 years of control using praziquantel in dogs the transmission rate to humans and sheep has decreased significantly, however transmission persists. The objective of the study was to assess the inclusion of the EG95 for sheep in the control program and to determine the vaccine's operative feasibility in field conditions. An intervention study was defined in Rio Negro Province in Argentina comprising, in total, an area of 5820 Km2. Lambs received two vaccinations with the EG95 vaccine followed by a single booster injection when the animals were 1-1.5 years of age. Vaccination of lambs born into one trial site was introduced and continued for 8 years. Evidence for Echinococcus granulosus transmission was monitored before and after vaccination by coproantigen ELISA in faecal samples of dog, purgation of dogs to detect E. granulosus worms, necropsy on adult sheep and by ultrasound screening in children of 6-14 years old. 29,323 doses of vaccine were applied between 2009 and 2017, which a vaccination coverage of 80.1%/85.7% (57.3% average for fully vaccinated). Before the introduction of the vaccine 56.3% of the 6-year-old sheep were infected with E. granulosus at necropsy and 84.2% of the farms had infected sheep; 4.3% of the dogs were positive for E. granulosus infection using the arecoline test, and with coproELISA 9.6% of dog fecal samples were positive and 20.3% of the farms had infected dog.After the vaccine was introduced, 21.6% of sheep older than 6 years were found to be infected at necropsy and 20.2% of the farms were found to be infected; in dogs, 4.5% were found positive for E. granulosus using arecoline purgation and with coproELISA 3.7% of samples were positive, with 8.9% of farms having a positive dog. In 2016 only one case of E. granulosus infection was diagnosed by US screening in a 6-14 years old child. Included in the analysis are discussions of difficulties experienced in the field which affected correct vaccine administration as well as social features and practices that may impact on echinococcosis control and the EG95 vaccination program in Rio Negro. Vaccination of sheep with the EG95 vaccine provides a valuable new tool which improves the effectiveness of CE control activities. Vaccination was effective even in a difficult, remote environment where only approximately half the lambs born into the communities were fully vaccinated.

In 2017, a worldwide survey was conducted on compliance with the practices promoted by Neo-BFHI (Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative expansion to neonatal wards).To present the results of the Spanish wards that participated in the global survey and compare them with those obtained internationally.Cross-sectional study through a survey on compliance with the Neo-BFHI ("Three basic principles", "Ten steps adapted to neonatal wards" and "the compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes" and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly resolutions). Compliance was calculated as the mean in each indicator and a final mean score for each neonatal unit. For the partial and final scores for each country and at the international level, the median was used. All scores ranged between 0 and 100.The response rate in Spain was 90%. The range of the national mean for neonatal wards were from 37 to 99, with no differences in the final score according to the level of care. The global score for Spain (72) is below the international median (77) and this also occurs in 8 of 14 items. The neonatal wards from BFHI designated hospitals, obtained a significantly higher mean global score, and in 9 of 14 items than the non-accredited ones.Both international and national results indicate an improvement in breast feeding practices in neonatal units. The benefits of the BFHI accreditation of maternity reach neonatal wards. Spain has several key points below the international score.

Depressive disorders have become one of the major public health problems in recent years, not only because of their impact on quality of life, but also because of the partial response or lack of response to antidepressant treatment. Therefore, the rapid and potent antidepressant effect of (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) is considered one of the most important psychiatric discoveries of the last decades. Although, intravenous administration of ketamine has prevailed in most clinical trials conducted so far, the intranasal route has been considered a useful and safe alternative. Thus, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and the EMA (European Medicines Agency) approved a esketamine nasal spray named Spravato for the use in treatment resistant depression, although clinical trials supporting its marketing are not long-term. In line with this, major long-term safety concerns, such as dependence and cognitive impairment, has not been assessed so far. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the relevance ofrepeated administration protocols on the long-term antidepressant response and safety. In this regard, potential pharmacological interactions between ketamine and some antidepressant drugs and benzodiazepines may impact the antidepressant response. In fact, while in some clinical trials adjunctive antidepressant medication is allowed, in others it is specifically removed, and this pharmacological variability may alter the efficacy of the treatment. Consequently, it is undeniable that in addition to massive long-term clinical trials, post-marketing studies are necessary to ensure the safety and efficacy of long-term ketamine and esketamine use.; Nahasmendu depresiboak osasun publikoko arazo handienetako bat bilakatu dira azken urteotan, ez bakarrik bizi-kalitatean duten eraginagatik, baita tratamendu antidepresiboaren erantzun partzial edo erantzun ezagatik ere. Hori dela eta, (R,S)-ketaminaren (ketamina) efektu antidepresibo azkarra eta eraginkorra azken hamarkadetako aurkikuntza garrantzitsuenen artean dago psikiatria arloan. Orain arteko entseguetan ketaminaren zain barneko bidea gailendu den arren sudur bideko administrazioa aukera erabilgarri eta segurutzat jo da. Hori dela eta, FDAk (Food and Drug Administration) eta EMAk (European Medicines Agency) S-ketamina (esketamina) baimendu dute Spravato izen komertzialarekin merkaturatutako sudur-lainoztagailurako soluzio bezala, depresio erresistentea tratatzeko, farmako horren merkaturatze-baimena sostengatzen duten entsegu klinikoak epe luzekoak ez diren arren. Horregatik, epe luzeko segurtasun-profila ikertzea premiazkoa da, eta, testuinguru berean, baita administrazio-protokolo errepikatuen egokitasuna ere. Izan ere, ketaminak farmako antidepresibo batzuekin eta bentzodiazepinekin izan ditzakeen elkarrekintzak ebaluatzea gomendatzen da, tratamenduaren eragin antidepresiboa baldintza dezaketelako. Ildo horretan, orain arte egindako entseguen diseinuaren aldakortasuna kontuan hartzeko ezaugarria litzatekeela proposatu da. Izan ere, entsegu batzuetan, tratamendu antidepresibo gehigarria baztertzen da, eta beste batzuetan, berriz, mantendu egiten da; aldakortasun metodologiko horrek tratamendu antidepresiboaren eraginkortasuna alda dezake. Ondorioz, uka ezina da epe luzerako entsegu klinikoak egiteaz gain merkaturatze ondorengo farmakozaintza-azterlanak ere nahitaezkoak direla ketaminaren eta esketaminaren segurtasuna eta eraginkortasuna epe luzera bermatzeko.

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most common during pregnancy. The infection, particularly in the first trimester, is associated with important sequelae in up to half of the children. Valaciclovir and immunoglobulin have been tested separately for the treatment of fetal CMV infection with relative success. Nevertheless, there is no experience with the simultaneous use of both therapies.combination therapy (oral valaciclovir 2 g/6h until the end of pregnancy and intravenous hyperimmune gamma globulin 200 UI/kg) was offered to pregnant women with CMV infection acquired during pregnancy and viral load (VL) in amniotic fluid above 1015 pregnant women were enrolled: primary infection, 14, non-primary infection, 1; first trimester, 11, second trimester, 4. Mean gestational age at the start of combination treatment were 23.2 weeks and 29.3 weeks, depending on the infection being diagnosed in the first or the second trimester, respectively. Median VL of CMV-DNA in amniotic fluid was 62.5 × 10Combination therapy with immunoglobulin and valaciclovir may be a useful alternative in CMV fetal infection, particularly if changes in cerebral echography or high VL in the amniotic fluid are present.

Background & aim Worldwide, measures are being implemented to eradicate hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, which can be transmitted from the mother during childbirth. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV in pregnant women in Spain, focusing on country of origin, epidemiological factors and risk of vertical transmission (VT). Methodology Multicentre open-cohort study performed during 2015. HBV prevalence was determined in 21870 pregnant women and HCV prevalence in 7659 pregnant women. Epidemiological and risk factors for VT were analysed in positive women and differences between HBV and HCV cases were studied. Results HBV prevalence was 0.42% (91/21870) and HCV prevalence was 0.26% (20/7659). Of the women with HBV, 65.7% (44/67) were migrants. The HBV transmission route to the mother was unknown in 40.3% of cases (27/67) and VT in 31.3% (21/67). Among risk factors for VT, 67.7% (42/62) of the women had viraemia and 14.5% (9/62) tested HBeAg-positive. All of the neonates born to HBV-positive mothers received immunoprophylaxis, and none contracted infection by VT. In 80% (16/20) of the women with HCV, the transmission route was parenteral, and nine were intravenous drug users. Viraemia was present in 40% (8/20) of the women and 10% (2/20) were HIV-coinfected. No children were infected. Women with HCV were less likely than women with HBV to breastfeed their child (65% vs. 86%). Conclusions The prevalences obtained in our study of pregnant women are lower than those previously documented for the general population. Among the women with HBV, the majority were migrants and had a maternal family history of infection, while among those with HCV, the most common factor was intravenous drug use. Despite the risk factors observed for VT, none of the children were infected. Proper immunoprophylaxis is essential to prevent VT in children born to HBV-positive women., This study received financial assistance from the following: Ciberehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Instituto de Salud Carlos III. ISCIII, Proyecto del Plan Nacional I+D+i 2013-2016 (PI13/01925), Confinanciacio´n Fondos FEDER. Gilead Fellowship Program (GLD14-00292 and GLD15-00307).

Si bien la luna fue siempre un espacio común en la historia literaria, no hubo autor que la tratase con la misma insistencia que Federico García Lorca. En el interior de la suya quedó una semántica ambiciosa y de compleja categorización, que puede ser explicada como el resultado de una asimilación instintiva de la lírica precedente: cada segmento que confluye en el símbolo se configuró en diálogo con la luna que durante siglos fue edificando la literatura; especialmente tras la superación de los moldes del pensamiento clásico. A través del tratamiento de autores que aportaron una significación relevante, en distintas corrientes y puntos geográficos, la luna de extraña codificación que trascendió en Lorca encuentra un sentido firme. Even though the moon has always been a common space in literary history, there has been no author to describe it as Federico García Lorca. In his moon rest ambitious semantics, which can be explained as a result of an instinctive assimilation of precedent poetry. Each segment that converges on the symbol was configured in conversation with a moon that has been building itself for centuries in the literary world. Especially after the overcoming of the classical way of thinking. Therefore, through the treatment of authors from different geographies and Movements, the strange moon of Lorca can find a solid meaning.

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with congenital microcephaly and other neurodevelopmental abnormalities. There is little published research on the effect of maternal ZIKV infection in a non-endemic European region. We aimed to describe the outcomes of pregnant travelers diagnosed as ZIKV-infected in Spain, and their exposed children. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study of nine referral hospitals enrolled pregnant women (PW) who travelled to endemic areas during their pregnancy or the two previous months, or those whose sexual partners visited endemic areas in the previous 6 months. Infants of ZIKV-infected mothers were followed for about two years. Results: ZIKV infection was diagnosed in 163 PW, 112 (70%) were asymptomatic and 24 (14.7%) were confirmed cases. Among 143 infants, 14 (9.8%) had adverse outcomes during follow-up, three had a congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), and 11 other potential Zika-related outcomes. The overall incidence of CZS was 2.1% (95%CI: 0.4&ndash, 6.0%), but among infants born to ZIKV-confirmed mothers, this increased to 15.8% (95%CI: 3.4&ndash, 39.6%). Conclusions: A nearly 10% overall risk of neurologic and hearing adverse outcomes was found in ZIKV-exposed children born to a ZIKV-infected traveler PW. Longer-term follow-up of these children is needed to assess whether there are any later-onset manifestations.

El texto explora las dinamicas de espectacularizacion de la guerra por via de la imagen tecnologica en los casos de los operativos militares Fenix y Sodoma, al igual que el uso de la imagen de los cuerpos destrozados de enemigos emblematicos, en una puesta en escena ideologizada y corporalizada. Estas politicas de la imagen de la seguridad democratica emergen, en primera instancia, como continuidades de procesos de transformacion comunicacional iniciados en el gobierno de Andres Pastrana (1998-2002), relacionados con la produccion de noticias (mas precisamente, para este caso, imagenes y narrativas de la fuerza publica y de la guerra); en segunda instancia, tales politicas se configuran a partir de dinamicas derivadas de las narrativas de la “guerra global” y, particularmente, de la llamada “guerra contra el terrorismo”

Esta colega […] me relata la historia de Julia, una mujer indigena que vino desplazada de Pueblo Nuevo hace varios anos. En nuestra conversacion me describe uno de los escenarios humanos posiblemente mas perturbadores que uno pueda imaginar; una de esas historias que nunca emergen en los zocalos y zafarranchos de la ilustre academia, sus cocteles nocturnos y la bufoneria internacional y de sus consultores. Una mujer casada, con dos hijos: Paula y Leon. El tiene quince anos y sufre de Leucemia. Hace varios anos (cuando Julia tenia 27), Julia y su hija –de cinco anos entonces– fueron violadas por paramilitares en alguna zona del sur de Colombia. El poder sexualizado de quien detenta las armas, el poder del hombre blanco sobre la indigena, el cuerpo de la mujer en tanto territorio de guerra, la subjetividad de la persona como trofeo de batalla; todo a la vez fue aprovechado: la condicion de indigena, de pobre, de indefensa, de anonima. De esa violacion nace una nina que hoy dia tiene nueve anos y se llama Clara. Por supuesto, Julia tiene todo tipo de ambivalencias en su relacion con una pequena que, indefectiblemente, le recuerda el propio cuerpo maltratado. En algun momento penso incluso en abortarla. En su nacimiento conviven la vida y la destruccion de la vida, el nacimiento y la muerte. La nina es indeseada en mas de un registro. Por otro lado, el hijo, que si fue deseado, tiene un mal incurable. En el tambien conviven, de otra forma, la vida y la muerte.

Background Mothers of preterm (PT) infants have difficulty providing adequate quantities of human milk (HM) for their babies during their hospital stay. The macronutrient content in HM changes over time, varying across and within individual mothers. The research aim of the strudy was to describe the intake of mothers’ own milk (MOM) and its composition according to gestational (GA) and postnatal age (PNA) in infants born Methods A prospective observational study of 176 premature infants in a unit without a donor milk bank was conducted. Daily milk intake was recorded. HM macronutrients were determined by mid-infrared spectrophotometric analysis at 7, 15 and 30 days after delivery and monthly until hospital discharge. Results Intake of MOM increased during the first 2 weeks after birth and decreased steadily thereafter. Protein concentration varied inversely with PNA. Carbohydrate and lipid concentrations increased over the first few days and remained stable thereafter. A fall in weight percentiles from birth to 60 days was found. No correlation was found between total protein and calorie intakes at 3 and 15 days of life and growth velocity (GV) between 15 and 30 days, even when broken down into parenteral nutrition (PN), formula and MOM. Conclusion To improve MOM feeding in PT newborns, intensive support strategies at the prenatal stage along entire hospitalization income should be encouraged. New protocols for fortification of HM should be implemented to optimize postnatal weight gain while preserving the health benefits of HM.

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un repaso de las teorías de las emociones más importantes de las últimas décadas y valorar en qué medida tales teorías ofrecen una buena caracterización del fenómeno en cuestión. Para alcanzar una comprensión adecuada de las diferentes teorías, así como del rumbo que ha tomado el debate actual sobre las emociones, es importante que prestemos especial atención a algunos de los compromisos filosóficos involucrados en la formulación de estas teorías. La revisión cuidadosa de algunos de estos compromisos nos llevará a plantearnos si algunas de las dificultades a las que se enfrentan varias de las teorías de las emociones actuales podrían tener origen en tales compromisos filosóficos y no, como suele pensarse, en la complejidad de las emociones. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to review the most important theories of emotions in recent decades and to assess the extent to which these theories provide a good characterisation of the phenomenon in question. In order to achieve an appropriate understanding of the different theories, as well as of the direction that the current debate on emotions has taken, it is important that we pay special attention to some of the philosophical commitments involved in the formulation of these theories. Careful examination of some of these commitments will lead us to consider whether some of the difficulties faced by several of the current theories of emotions might stem from such philosophical commitments rather than, as is often thought, from the complexity of emotions. Palabras clave: episodios, intencionalidad, fenomenología, propiedades evaluativas. Keywords: episodes, intentionality, phenomenology, evaluative properties.

Las revistas de humor político surgidas en los últimos años del franquismo y durante la democracia no permanecieron al margen del tímido erotismo que iba abriéndose paso en el país. Importantes escritores, como Francisco Umbral y Juan Marsé entre otros, firman artículos con su personal estilo no exentos de ironía que constituyen un importante testimonio de la sociedad de la época. La diversidad estilística de ambos autores no impide que compartan esa admiración por la mujer y el tono lírico, humorístico e incluso a veces, caricaturesco de sus descripciones, In the last years of Franco´s regime, and even during early democracy, political humor magazines did not remain outside the timid eroticism that was making its way in Spain. Important writers such as Francisco Umbral and Juan Marsé, among others, signed articles with their personal style, not exempt of irony, that are considered an important testimony of the society of that time. The stylistic diversity of both authors does not prevent them from sharing their admiration for women and the lyrical, humorous and even sometimes caricatured tone of their descriptions

IntroductionDisruptive telemedicine tools can help overcome the lack of specialized care and electroencephalographic (EEG) support for diagnosing and treating nervous system disorders such as epilepsy in remote communities. However, evidence on how such cloud-based platforms could enhance data-driven health care is limited. The utility of telemedicine-based apps to achieve EEG screening of communities in rural areas of Paraguay was investigated.MethodsThis descriptive study was carried out by the Telemedicine Unit of the Ministry of Public Health in collaboration with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging of the Health Science Research Institute in Paraguay and the Basque Country University in Spain to evaluate the utility of telediagnostic apps for EEG screening. For this purpose, the results obtained by tele-EEG apps implemented in nineteen public community hospitals were analyzed to determine the utility of the apps as epidemiological surveillance tools.ResultsAmong the 10,791 remote EEG studies performed, the most common reasons for the test included epileptic seizure (44%), headache (22%), seizure disorder (8%), follow up (6%), attention deficits in children (5%), cognitive impairment (4%), cranioencephalic trauma (3%), brain death (1%), history of seizure (0.9%), abnormal movements (0.7%), and behavioral disorders (0.5%).ConclusionsThe results showed that telemedicine apps can significantly enhance nationwide EEG screening by freeing up professional time and increasing productivity, improving access and equity, and reducing costs. However, before their systematic implementation a contextualization of the apps using the regional epidemiological profile must be performed.