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Questo libro raccoglie i primi risultati di Hafriat, una ricerca sulle architetture dei paesaggi di cava condotta da Giuseppe Marsala presso il Dipartimento di Architettura dell’Università degli studi di Palermo. La ricerca ha adottato come campo di osservazione e sperimentazione alcuni siti della Sicilia e in particolare il libro indaga l’architettura della città di Favignana le cui cave di tufo costituiscono orma fondativa e antefatto architettonico. Una permanenza in grado di segnare nel tempo i principi insediativi delle residenze e di orientare anche le possibili trasformazioni future. Il volume si collega ad altre ricerche sul tema e propone un regesto antologico critico, pubblicando anche gli esiti delle sperimentazioni progettuali elaborate all’interno di laboratori didattici: il Laboratorio 1 di Progettazione Architettonica, il Laboratorio di Arte dei Giardini e Architettura del paesaggio e il Laboratorio di Laurea Paesaggi cavi, condotti presso il Corso di Studi in Architettura dello stesso Dipartimento. Molte di queste sperimentazioni sono state sviluppate all’interno di Incipit Lab, il Coordinamento Nazionale dei Laboratori di Progettazione Architettonica del I° anno, ideato, organizzato e diretto da Andrea Sciascia e dal Dipartimento di Architettura dell’Università di Palermo. Il lavoro si è avvale del contributo scientifico di Stefano Cioffi – fotografo, artista e docente di Fotografia del Paesaggio presso il Master di Architettura e Rappresentazione del Paesaggio dell’Università Roma 3 - le cui fotografie costituiscono una importante sezione del libro. Testo, tra i testi scritti e disegnati, il lavoro fotografico di Stefano Cioffi, vede queste architetture prima dell’architettura, inscrivendole nelle impassibili forme del tempo, attraversate dalle metamorfosi di cui il tempo stesso è portatore. This essay describes the transformations of the coast of Palermo intended as a paradigm of its processes of physical, social and anthropological mutation of the 1900s. Processes that have seen large portions of the city and its geography transform into a very short time and that have required the elaboration of new critical categories able to interpret its present and its possible future directions. The geographical extent, the intensive nature, the time compression and the brutal dynamics of these changes may enable us to compare them with the effects that territories may suffer as a result of natural events or disasters. They were, however, the results of the subcultural expression that the city has experienced for fifty years, since the post-war period, of the men who have misgoverned it, often complicit in illicit and criminal business and speculative systems. It is up to today's society, the generation of new administrators and the most sensitive and innovative architectural and urban culture to find, in the same territories, the subjects for their physical, environmental and social regeneration. The essay analyzes the urban and architectural contexts that mark the Palermo coast for over 20 km, proposing regeneration hypotheses elaborated within the Palermo Knowlwdge City research _ Architectures of Postproduction, a research laboratory that feeds on studies conducted together with undergraduates, PhD students and young architects of the Department of Architecture of the University of Palermo. The results of these studies, some already published others during publication, adopt the architectural project as an analytical-cognitive tool, an act of research and investigation, acted in an abduttive and circumstantial form.

The aim of this study was to report the clinical experience of intraventricular colistin for the treatment of multi-resistant Gram-negative post-surgical meningitis in a tertiary hospital. Post-neurosurgical meningitis (PNM) is one of the life-threatening complications of neurosurgical procedures, and is frequently sustained by Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Here we describe our experience of five cases of PNM caused by gram-negative multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, treated with intraventricular (IVT) colistin, admitted to the Neurosurgery Unit of A.R.N.A.S. Civico of Palermo, Italy, from January 2016 to June 2020. In four patients the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was positive for A. baumannii, while in one patient it was positive for K. pneumoniae. IVT colistin therapy was administered for a median time of 18 days (range 7-29). The median time to CSF negativization was seven days (range 5-29). IVT colistin administration was associated with intravenous administration of meropenem and colistin in all patients. As regards clinical outcome, four patients were successfully treated and were subsequently discharged, while one patient died following respiratory complications and subsequent brain death. IVT colistin administration is an effective therapy for MDR post-neurosurgical meningitis and its administration is also prescribed by guidelines. However, IVT therapy for Gram-negative ventriculitis is mostly understudied. Our paper adds evidence for such treatment that can actually be considered life-saving.

Introduction: Selective mutism (SM) is characterized by the persistent inability to speak in some specific contexts (i.e. school, home, social contexts) or within interaction with peer group and/or adults when a normal verbal linguistic competence may be expected, according to DSM5 criteria. The main sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders are represented by difficulty in falling asleep at night (51%) and nocturnal awakenings (67%).The main goal of the present study is verify the putative relationship between sleep disorders and selective mutism in children.Materials and methods: 30 children were diagnosed with SM (13 males and 17 females) with mean age 9.47 (SD +/- 129). The case-control group was composed by 30 typically developing children (TDC) (12 males and 18 females) (mean age 8.95; SD +/- 2.01; p = 0238). All the subjects of both groups were recruited within the same urban area, Caucasian and homogeneous in socio-economic level. SDSC questionnaire was used in order to assess the sleep habits in both groups.Results: The two groups (SM and TDC) were similar for age and gender. About the presence of reported sleep disorders, SM children show a significantly higher prevalence of reported sleep troubles than TDC subjects (Graph 1).Conclusion: The present pilot restrospective case control-study has shown the presence of sleep disorders in children with SM. This new comorbidity has not been previously reported in clinical literature.

The sphincterial control problems in childhood are very common, with relevant comorbidities (i.e.: difficulty in academic performance, sleep disturbances, minor neurological signs) involved in the complex process of maturation and learning, such as to cause a great deal of discomfort and related disorders in affected subjects. Enuresis is characterized by the involuntary urination in the absence of a physical disorder, socially unacceptable in places and at one stage of life where such control is acquired by the majority of subjects (about 5 years). The present study aims to evaluate the visuospatial skills in children affected by primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE). 31 PMNE children (16 males and 15 females) (mean age 10.87, SD ± 1.68) and 61 healthy children (32 males, 29 females) (mean age 11.03, SD ± 1.85, p = 0687) were evaluated for visuomotor skills with the Visual-Motor Integration Scale (VMI). PMNE subjects show a worse performance on average to VMI, especially in the total visual-motor integration test. This finding emphasizes the importance of a framework for global and more complex than is commonly implemented, across the border but framing the subject of enuretic symptoms in a more global perspective.

Nocturnal parasomnias are a group of sleep complex manifestation that don't alter the sleep macrostructure, but when persistent during adulthood may be assume violent aspects with relevant forensic implications about the guiltiness.

Background: Headache is the most common painful manifestation in the developmental age, often accompanied by severe disability such as scholastic absenteeism, low quality of academic performance and compromised emotional functioning. The aim of the study is to evaluate praxic abilities in a population of children without aural migraine. Materials and methods: The test population consists of 10 subjects without migraine without aura (MwA), (8 Males) (mean age 8.40, SD ± 1.17) and 11 healthy children (7 Males) (mean age 8.27; SD ± 1.10; p = 0.800). All subjects underwent evaluation of motor coordination skills through the Battery for Children Movement Assessment (M-ABC). Results: The two groups (10 MwA vs 11 Controls) were similar for age (8.40 ± 1.17 vs 8.27 ± 1.10; p = 0.800), sex (p = 0.730), and BMI (p = 0.204). The migraine subjects show an average worse performance than the Movement ABC; specifically, migraineurs show significantly higher total score values (31.00 ± 23.65 vs 4.72 ± 2.61; p = 0.001), manual dexterity (12.10 ± 11.20 vs 2.04 ± 2.65; p = 0.009) and balance (14.85 ± 10.08 vs. 1.04 ± 1.05; p

Il contributo descrive INCIPIT_ LAB, coordinamento nazionale dei Laboratori di Progettazione architettonica di prima annualità che scaturisce dall’esigenza di comparare e confrontare l’avvio della formazione nell’ambito della progettazione a livello nazionale.

Pregnancy is a physiological state during which the woman's body undergoes profound modifications. During this time, every woman must be nourished in such a way as to maintain herself in good health and at the same time allow the fetal tissues to form and develop in the best way. Proper nutrition is one of the fundamental prerequisites for the normal evolution of both pregnancy and fetal growth: the quantity and quality of food and drinks must be scrupulously controlled. Contrariwise, it is important to avoid the excess calories and macronutrients. In fact, during pregnancy, it may be just as harmful as their shortage, especially in overweight and obese women, for which the risk of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, fetal growth disorders and preeclampsia increases. The pasta constitutes the foundation of the Mediterranean diet food. The dough can be seen, therefore, so it represents an excellent ally of the diet from a nutritional point of view. The nutritional values of the pasta change depending on the type, based on the fact that the dough is traditional or integral semolina. It also contains Vitamin B and has an abundance of minerals, among which potassium. The pasta is an easily digestible food, ensuring energy ready to use (such as all carbohydrates); moreover, it possesses a great satiating power. In case of overweight, however, it is possible to reduce the number of carbohydrates in the diet, taking care not to make them ever miss. In conclusion, the consumption of pasta is very important during pregnancy: a diet without carbohydrates can be dangerous for all physiological pathways.

Stuttering is a common language alteration in pediatric age consisting in repetitions and blocks, which entail a break in the rhythm and melody of the speech. According to the WHO it is a disorder of the rhythm of the word, the subject knows precisely what he would like to say, but at the same time he is not able to say it. It is a great inconvenience for those affected, also because the slowing down of speaking is not about thought or cognitive skills.

In rehabilitative setting, the presence of animals can be considered as an important stimulus for verbal and social communication, and for mood regulation. Interaction with an animal is beneficial for children's development and numerous psychological tests have revealed that growing up with pets has a beneficial effect on children's self-esteem and self-confidence, can improve empathy, a sense of responsibility and cognitive development, as well as social status within the peer group.

Introduction: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a permanent and complex disability arising within the first three years of life characterized by a socio-communicative disorder and by fixed interests and repetitive behaviors. The present pilot study aims to evaluate behavioral aspects in a small population of siblings of ASD children. Material and methods: Population: 5 school-aged children (2 males, 3 females) (mean age 9.235 ± 2.041) were enrolled, as siblings of ASD children, and for comparison, 12 healthy (7 males, 5 females) children (average age 9,528 ± 3,351). All subjects underwent evaluation of the behavioral with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scale. Results: The two groups were statistically comparable by age (p = 0.86) and gender distribution (p = 0.87). From the behavioral point of view evaluated with the CBCL scale, siblings of ASD have a higher degree of overall problem (Total problems) compared to control children (p=0.003), in addition they have significantly higher scores in the subscales of behavior examined (Anxious/Depressed, Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, Social, Thought, Attention, Delinquent, Aggressive) as well as a greater share of disturbances both internalizing (p=0.004) and externalizing (p = 0.007) (Table 1). Conclusions: The present preliminary data confirm the need for a global management of the entire family structure for the correct management of Autistic Disorders.

L'articolo descrive le azioni di istruzione, misurazione e ri-significazione del paesaggio agite attraverso la realizzazione di un evento teatrale. Dall'allestimento dello spazio scenico dentro un sito naturale alla costruzione di architetture temporanee realizzate anche attraverso la relazione tra pubblico e attori disposti nello spazio, l'articolo rimanda agli archetipi architettonici degli spazi teatrali utilizzando la prossemica dei corpi e i loro comportamenti nello spazio.

L’esperienza della trasformazione della clinica Santa Barbara ha messo in evidenza alcuni temi specifici che riguardano il senso del progetto contemporaneo entro le dinamiche divergenti e rizomatiche che caratterizzano il nostro tempo. Dinamiche che ci obbligano a guardare al progetto di architettura come una pratica curatoriale, estesa nel tempo e nello spazio, che può tendere all’unità (anche senza raggiungerla) attraverso azioni prolungate di manutenzione permanente. Pratiche che non hanno nulla a che fare con il facility management ma che riguardano, piuttosto, un paziente lavoro di accumulazione attraverso sfere di azione differenti.E’ possibile dunque, in conclusione enucleare alcuni nodi teorici ed operativi che riguardano: il rapporto con il tempo nella modernità; l’attitudine dell’architettura moderna e contemporanea a costituirsi come supporto concettuale e fisico di processi aperti e continuativi di trasformazione; la speciale condizione che deve accompagnare il rapporto tra committenza e progettista, all’interno di una dinamica di riscrittura continua delle domande e dei temi; la necessità di attrezzare il progettista del nostro tempo a compendiare un corpus di competenze che gli consentano di interagire con ambiti che riguardano la sicurezza, l’energia, l’igiene, l’orientamento, il design di interni, il paesaggio, le strutture, i materiali da costruzione.... Una prospettiva culturale che, in barba agli specialismi che attanagliano le formazioni degli allievi architetti delle scuole di architettura europee, conferiscano loro una capacità di muoversi sinteticamente – e sincronicamente – nella complessità del reale, nutrendo in tal modo la cultura specifica del progetto e la teoria dell’architettura. Una teoria che sappia considerare le architetture come organismi viventi, ed il loro corpo - la loro biologia - come una guida per orientarsi a guardare il nuovo come una nuova, sopravvenuta, preesistenza. The essay deals with the theme of the transformability of modern architecture through some theoretical investigations and the concrete case of the recent transformation of the Santa Barbara Clinic, a special building of the Nizzoli and Oliveri plan for the ANIC ENI town of Gela, built in the 1960s by Enrico Mattei.

The essay deals with the theme of mimesis and invention in architecture through the paradigm of transformation, understood as the practice of incessant references and re-elaborations. It does so starting from the theme of the transmission of knowledge in the Aristotelian key that there is always something that lies in what it becomes. The thesis is supported through references to painting, literature, linguistics and neuroscience and uses examples of the architecture of five critically analyzed and de-engineered masters.

Orexin system regulates sleep/wake states and its deficiency result in narcolepsy thus indicating the crucial role of orexins in maintaining wakefulness. There are two types of orexin peptides: the orexin-A (OXA or hypocretin 1) and orexin-B (OXB or hypocre- tin 2). The Majority of the central nervous system orexin peptides are synthesized in neurons located in the lateral and back hypotha- lamus and send projections throughout the brain regions Orexin neurons are “multi-tasking” hence regulating also energy homeosta- sis, reward systems and feeding behaviour through connection with hypothalamic nuclei and through responsiveness to leptine and glucose. It has recently been found a connection with lymbic system suggesting a further possible role of orexins in regulating emo- tions. All the studies conducted confirm that orexin system regulates vigilance states, energy homeostasis, reward system, and emo- tions. These crucial role might be the target to develope treatments of narcolepsy, obesity, emotional stress, and drug addiction.

The essay deals with the issue of participation in urban and architectural transformation practices through the narration of a concrete case: the Cultural Farm at the Zisa of Palermo. The writing traces its salient steps and enucleaves the nodes and the theoretical and disciplinary contents concerning the statutes of the architectural project and their rewriting, looking at the paradigm of postproduction as the key to contemporary transformations.

The consciousness is the expression of an enormous and complex variety of neurobiological events, phenomenological and psychological that, from the early stages of development, prepare the emergence soil of the Self. It is a complex of tangible and intan- gible characters distinct from one another - neural infrastructure, awareness, temporality, qualitative subjectivity, intentionality - to such an extent as to seem welded faces of the same prism. Consciousness is not a simple function of the mind, but its organization. In this paper we intend to show how its order is not strictly hierarchical, but sustained by multiple horizontal levels, each of which in a structural and functional continuum with several emerging phenomena. The same distinction between quantitative aspects (surveil- lance) and qualitative (content of consciousness) of consciousness is founded on the premise that the supervision is regulated by widespread in projection systems of the brain stem, hypothalamus and thalamus; while the content of consciousness depends on the cortical activity, and particularly from the associative areas of the cortex connected between them. The so-called disturbances of consciousness (vegetative state, the minimally conscious state, a coma, the Locked in syndrome) suggests the existence of an altera- tion of a common underlying system. Although the current heterogeneity of the data makes it impossible to attribute with certainty whether positive or negative about the alleged absence of consciousness in the individual patient, the search is deriving significant benefits from the accumulation of neuroimaging evidence in paintings like coma, general anesthesia , sleep, epilepsy and somnambu- lism. In this sense, it seems increasingly urgent a deeper understanding of the neural correlates during sleep or general anesthesia, as well as the relationships between neural processes and altered states of consciousness generated by pharmacological manipulations.

Recent findings showed that obesity represent a risk factor to developingbrain illness such as cognitive impairments and psychopathological disorders. Weight increase additively afflicts brain structure of cognitively impaired patients but is linked with poor brain volumes even in healthysubjects. Further, several studies show that subjects with psychiatric disorders are more likely than general population to be obese. Hovewer, the process by which weight gain injures cognitive abilities and psychological well-being remain unclear.In this review we analyze the relationships between obesity andbrain illness and underline the role played by covariates to determine this link.

In questa memoria si presenta una sintesi delle attività condotte nell'ambito del progetto SERPICO ("Sviluppo E Realizzazione di Prototipi di Inverter per impianti fotovoltaici a Concentrazione", PO-FESR Sicilia 2007-2013, Misura 4.1.1.2). Il progetto ha riguardato lo sviluppo di un prototipo di impianto fotovoltaico-termico a concentrazione e del relativo sistema di monitoraggio e controllo. Tale sistema permette di acquisire le quantità sia elettriche che termiche. Inoltre esso implementa un algoritmo per l'inseguimento solare utilizzato per ottimizzare la produzione di potenza.

Il breve saggio definisce le linee guida della didattica della progettazione architettonica del I anno specificandone gli obbiettivi, i contenuti e le finalità.

The paper applies a GA (Genetic Algorithms) to a multi-output productive process of essential oils, natural and concen-trated juices from oranges and lemonsThe results obtained for the case study taken into consideration showed that the application of GA allows to respect the energ y and mass balances for the examined system .

Il saggio descrive alcune trasformazioni architettoniche recenti della ex-DDR inquadrandoli nel campo teorico e di ricerche sulla trasformabilità dell'architettura moderna, interpretata come un nuovo possibile paradigma per l'architettura contemporanea. Il saggio inoltre riflette nello specifico sull'espansione della città di Palermo e su una possibile strategia della sua riconversione architettonica in chiave contemporanea.

18 fotografie a descrizione di una passeggiata urbana a palermo, nella città degli anni '70

La ricerca riflette sui processi di territorializzazione delle forme insediative contemporanee, e si propone di indagare i frammenti che costruiscono la complessità dei nostri paesaggi. La ricerca sui teatri di guerra del territorio italiano esplora come: a) i conflitti bellici hanno infrastrutturato i territori, e come strade, ponti, acquedotti, edifici, nati all’interno di strategie militari, hanno costruito reti che sono state riassorbite dal paesaggio, diventandone elementi di organizzazione; b) nel divenire delle trasformazioni queste relazioni hanno perso il significato originario producendo uno straniamento che diviene uno dei materiali per la loro riconversione; c) le storie e le geografie di questi insediamenti descrivono alternanza tra tempo veloce e lente sedimentazioni. Insediamenti temporanei, ospedali da campo e strutture oggi invisibili, si associavano a dighe, strade, bunker di cui è oggi possibile rileggerne l’archeologia. Lo studio esplora il paesaggio siciliano secondo tre direttrici: 1. la linea di costa e il sistema degli avvistamenti; 2. i punti costieri come nodi di trasformazione localizzata; 3. le linee di collegamento verso l’interno.