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V knjigi je stirinajst poglavij s podrocja naravnih nesrec. V poglavjih so opisana raziskovalna spoznanja ter primeri uporabe sodobnih tehnologij v primeru naravnih nesrec, s poudarkom na domacih odzivih na globalne izzive. Knjiga vsebuje razlicne teme, kot so na primer potresi, suse, vrocinski valovi, poplave, snežni plazovi ter odzivanje in komuniciranje v primeru naravnih nesrec.

Previous research study into evacuation in the case of a nuclear disaster suggests that there is both a high degree of uncertainty about the actual implementation of plans as well as a need for the continuous study of the human aspects of nuclear emergency preparedness. Drawing on the results of a textual analysis of the Regional Plan, a survey of the inhabitants and interviews with representatives of the institutions located within the area of greatest potential threat, our paper seeks to establish the extent to which the population and institutions are prepared for an evacuation in the event of a disaster at Krsko Nuclear Power Plant, in Slovenia. Our analysis reveals that, despite planning, communicating and training, almost three quarters of the population living within a three-kilometer radius remain unfamiliar with the locations of the reception centers; and two thirds of them are unfamiliar with the evacuation routes. As far as the institutions are concerned, the level of preparedness is also low due to a fatalistic attitude (‘if the disaster occurs there will be no time to evacuate’), poor nuclear disaster planning, the low attendance of personnel at training sessions, poor coordination, and scarce attention and resources devoted to the management of a possible disaster.

The article addresses the concept of landscape identity considered from a new perspective – a perspective of five fundamental human senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. Landscape identity is mostly understood as a phenomenon based on its distinguishable visual characteristics. However, human environment is a multisensory medium, rich in information from all fields of perception. Equally, a man is a multisensory being and experiences his environment with multiple senses. The underlying assumption is that human identification with places does not only arise from the interaction with their visual, but also with their auditory, olfactory, tactile, and even gustatory properties. As a research area, the Dalmatia region in Croatia has been chosen. By the content analysis method, applied on samples of lyric poems and promotional (mostly tourist) materials, the aim was to examine what features, visual and non-visual, the social conception of Dalmatian landscape is based on. The results show that landscape identity of Dalmatia, in terms of sensory perception, is rather diverse. Understanding landscape identity as a sensory multidimensional phenomenon opens many new questions and possibilities in the field of landscape theory and practice.

Demonstrating the equivalence of constructs is a key requirement for cross-cultural empirical research. The major purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how to assess measurement and functional equivalence or invariance using the 9-item, 3-factor Love of Money Scale (LOMS, a second-order factor model) and the 4-item, 1-factor Pay Level Satisfaction Scale (PLSS, a first-order factor model) across 29 samples in six continents (N = 5973). In step 1, we tested the configural, metric and scalar invariance of the LOMS and 17 samples achieved measurement invariance. In step 2, we applied the same procedures to the PLSS and nine samples achieved measurement invariance. Five samples (Brazil, China, South Africa, Spain and the USA) passed the measurement invariance criteria for both measures. In step 3, we found that for these two measures, common method variance was non-significant. In step 4, we tested the functional equivalence between the Love of Money Scale and Pay Level Satisfaction Scale. We achieved functional equivalence for these two scales in all five samples. The results of this study suggest the critical importance of evaluating and establishing measurement equivalence in cross-cultural studies. Suggestions for remedying measurement non-equivalence are offered.

Cognitive maps present an important theoretical concept and methodological tool for the acquirement of insight into the mental image of the environment. Part of the study, conducted in 1999–2000 on a representative sample of the inhabitants of Slovenia (N = 1291), is presented in this paper, namely the part devoted to the perception of regions. Participants were questioned about different aspects of their image of Slovenia, including their preferences for residence in different parts of Slovenia, partition of the country into regions, travelling patterns, environmental problems and solutions, possibilities of development, etc. Cognitive maps appeared as highly selective, with certain general similarities, but also with individual idiosyncrasies, depending on the place of living and other demographic characteristics. Though respondents were not highly devoted to the formation of regions, a rather clear mental image of them appeared. Main findings are discussed and applicability of the cognitive map for p...

Throughout history libraries have had many different roles. They served as educational centres, manuscript transcriptors and collectors, places for study, places offering services, even museums and entertainment facilities, etc. Their quality depends on a number of different factors, e.g. quality of staff, and of services, as well as on environmental characteristics. The current development in the information and communication technology has an important impact on libraries functions and therefore demands their permanent adjustment. In this study the authors tried to find out how 171 students and librarians from the Faculty of Arts perceive the current and future roles of academic libraries. Following this, the questionnaire was prepared on the basis of the following domain facets: time frame, services, communication type and type of material. As expected in the partitions of the three dimensional (Smallest Space Analysis) space three facets with ordered elements appeared (two axial: time frame and material, and one modular: communication type) and one unordered with the polar role: services. With the exception of the service facet, all the other facets clearly revealed themselves.

The article addresses the concept of landscape identity considered from a new perspective – a perspective of five fundamental human senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. Landscape identity is mostly understood as a phenomenon based on its distinguishable visual characteristics. However, human environment is a multisensory medium, rich in information from all fields of perception. Equally, a man is a multisensory being and experiences his environment with multiple senses. The underlying assumption is that human identification with places does not only arise from the interaction with their visual, but also with their auditory, olfactory, tactile, and even gustatory properties. As a research area, the Dalmatia region in Croatia has been chosen. By the content analysis method, applied on samples of lyric poems and promotional (mostly tourist) materials, the aim was to examine what features, visual and non-visual, the social conception of Dalmatian landscape is based on. The results show that landscape identity of Dalmatia, in terms of sensory perception, is rather diverse. Understanding landscape identity as a sensory multidimensional phenomenon opens many new questions and possibilities in the field of landscape theory and practice., Okosnicu rada čini koncept krajobraznog identiteta promatran iz nove perspektive – perspektive pet osnovnih ljudskih osjetila: vida, sluha, njuha, opipa i okusa. Naime, krajobrazni (i općenito prostorni) identitet uglavnom se shvaća kao fenomen utemeljen na prepoznatljivim vizualnim karakteristikama. Međutim, sva je okolina multiosjetilni medij, bogat informacijama iz svih područja percepcije, a i čovjek je multiosjetilno biće i doživljava okolinu s više osjetila. U skladu s tim, ishodišna je pretpostavka rada ideja da se identifikacija čovjeka, odnosno društva, s prostorom ne odvija samo kroz interakciju s njezinim vizualnim nego i auditornim, olfaktornim, taktilnim, pa i gustatornim značajkama. Za područje istraživanja odabrana je dalmatinska regija. Primjenom metode analize sadržaja, na uzorcima lirskih pjesama te promotivnih (pretežno turističkih) materijala, cilj je bio ispitati na kojim se obilježjima, vizualnim i nevizualnim, temelji društvena predodžba dalmatinskoga krajobraza. Rezultati upućuju na to da je krajobrazni identitet Dalmacije u osjetilnom smislu raznolik. Spoznaja o krajobraznom identitetu kao osjetilno višedimenzionalnoj pojavi otvara mnoga nova pitanja i mogućnosti na području krajobrazne teorije i prakse.

This chapter discusses definitions of peace and reconciliation in a sample of respondents from three Balkan states and Russia. Distinctions between a positive and negative peace were considered, as well as peace building and reconciliation as processes of seeking genuine, just, and enduring ends to a conflict. The national context for peace and reconciliation in the region was discussed along with consideration of the region’s historical stigmatization. A strong inclination toward positive peace and a belief that it could be achieved through a demanding process were expressed by respondents in all four countries. Exploratory analyses revealed group differences in definitions based on gender, military service history, and engagement in peace protests; for example, women were more likely than men to give positive peace definitions, while men were more likely than women and non-protestors were more likely than protestors to question the achievability of peace. The majority of respondents defined reconciliation as a process, although there were again some demographic group differences in definitions. For example, women were more likely than men to give process definitions, and respondents with military service history were more likely than nonmilitary respondents to question the achievability of reconciliation. Awareness that a number of acts are necessary to achieve reconciliation (and therefore peace) is present, perhaps stemming from historical and current experiences of participants. Lack of future orientation in the answers of respondents could be concerning.

This chapter discusses perceptions of apology and its role in reconciliation in a sample of respondents from three Balkan states and Russia. Sociopsychological perspectives on apology and national contexts for apology and reconciliation in the region are presented. The countries under consideration can be seen as having participated in double roles—as victim or as perpetrator or both—in different historical periods. A sample of 466 participants from Greece, Russia, Slovenia, and Serbia provided qualitative responses to items concerning apology and reconciliation from the Personal and Institutional Rights to Aggression and Peace Survey (PAIRTAPS). The majority of responses (59 %) to the apology item indicated beliefs that the likelihood of an apology leading to reconciliation depends on the situation. Exploratory chi-square analyses revealed differences in responding based on gender, engagement in peace protests, and military experience. For example, more peace protestors than non-protestors indicated that recognition of wrongdoing can improve the possibility for reconciliation, and those not being in military and women in a greater degree believe that apology can lead to reconciliation. The majority of responses (90 %) indicated that reconciliation is achievable through various steps.

This chapter deals with perception of ordinary citizens from Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, and Greece regarding the possibilities or elusiveness of achieving world peace. Despite important differences among these states, there are also many interconnections, mainly among dyads and triads of the four: Slavic group of people, Orthodox Christianity, similar languages, and enough similarities to justify common analysis. The sample consisted of 440 participants, aged from 18–82; 59 % are women. They were asked to signify their level of agreement with the item “I believe world peace can be achieved” and then to explain the answer. They also completed the statement “The best way to achieve peace is….” Bandura’s theory of moral engagement provided the framework for the coding manual. Analyses of coded responses were conducted to determine the relative distribution of responses within the coding categories, and some exploratory statistical tests were run to see if there were differences in frequencies of responses based on demographic groups. Despite differences among the countries in level of development, political culture, and current politics, the great majority of answers in all subsamples showed a clear propensity among the ordinary people of the region to argue in favor of world peace. The hope is that the results will not serve as information for the mighty who will find to which level they can oppress others in order to obtain dominance (euphemistically: “national interest”).Rather, it is hoped that the results will contribute to the optimism of ordinary people, regardless of their social system and geographical meridian, regarding a broad commitment to achieve world peace as an ultimate goal of humankind.

This chapter explores perspectives of ordinary people from Greece, Russia, Serbia, and Slovenia on the individual’s right to protest against war and in favor of peace, as well as different kinds of personal agency displayed in qualitative responses to a scenario in which police are described as beating peaceful protesters. Adopting Bronfenbrenner’s ecological approach, we first overview these countries’ recent history of conflict within and around their borders and their protests experiences as parts of the macrosystems in which views concerning the right to protest were shaped. Then, we examine patterns of responses to the right protest and to the police beating scenario using coding manuals informed by Bandura’s theory of moral disengagement and his notion of agency. We also investigate several contextual factors from the different ecological levels to see if they contributed to differences in perspectives. Greeks, Russians, Serbians, and Slovenians provided responses that their great majority supported the right to protest and expressed prosocial agency in the view of aggression. Implications and limitations of the study are also discussed.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted on December10, 1948 by the General Assembly of the United Nations (United Nations Department of Public Information 2007) eloquently describes rights to which all people are entitled. These include, among others, a right to education; a right to social security and a standard of living adequate for health and well-being; freedom from slavery; freedom from arbitrary arrest, detention, exile, torture, degrading treatment, or punishment; freedom from arbitrary interference with privacy, home, family, and correspondence; and freedom of movement within and between countries. Article 28 states that “Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.”

Russia and the Balkan Peninsula countries have been at the crossroads between Western European and Eastern Asian cultural traditions since those cultural traditions began. Perhaps because of this long history of confrontations between cultures, there have been many conflicts within this region, and boundaries defining states have changed more than once. The long history of conflicts may account for why many citizens of the countries in this region find it important to transcend nationalism and to create, cite, and attempt to adhere to international standards, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the United Nations (1948). On the other hand, the long-standing tensions among perspectives, goals, and lifestyles may also account for the awareness of and loyalty to particular family and ethnic histories, including specific religious beliefs, language dialects, dietary traditions, and codes of social conduct that are common in the countries in this region.

Maintaining the existence and interests of a nation state and the safety of its citizens through different means (e.g., economic, military, political, cultural, and diplomatic) is what national security means (Lasso and Gonzalez 1993). National security in the Balkans and Russia has been often jeopardized for a variety of reasons, both internal and external to the region. At first glance, there would appear to be little in the way of shared national security concerns among Greece, Serbia, Slovenia, and Russia, the countries in which the data for this chapter were gathered, and which spread over a great part of Europe and Asia. These four states differ on a number of dimensions (e.g., size, economy, history, culture); on the other hand, struggles over independence and borders have made security an enduring issue in the region.

The object of this research was to examine the economic socialization of Yugoslavian children in a time of rapid economic and political changes. The analysis of the interviews showed that the level of knowledge of complex economic problems was rather limited, perhaps because the interview was oriented toward aspects of the economy which are not common in the Yugoslavian economic system. The level of economic understanding increased with age. While the knowledge of the youngest group was at a very concrete level, the older children gave a greater variety of more complex answers. Answers of all groups, especially those of the older ones, clearly reflect certain aspects, such as inflation, of the current economic conditions. In principle, the answers reveal the same characteristics of the economic socialization as reported by other authors.

In this study, we develop a theory of Monetary Intelligence, and explore satisfaction with pay and life from the virtuous money smart perspective: In order to enjoy high pay satisfaction and life s...

Monetary intelligence theory asserts that individuals apply their money attitude to frame critical concerns in the context and strategically select certain options to achieve financial goals and ultimate happiness. This study explores the dark side of monetary Intelligence and behavioral economics-dishonesty (corruption). Dishonesty, a risky prospect, involves cost-benefit analysis of self-interest. We frame good or bad barrels in the environmental context as a proxy of high or low probability of getting caught for dishonesty, respectively. We theorize: The magnitude and intensity of the relationship between love of money and dishonest prospect (dishonesty) may reveal how individuals frame dishonesty in the context of two levels of subjective norm-perceived corporate ethical values at the micro-level (CEV, Level 1) and Corruption Perceptions Index at the macro-level (CPI, Level 2), collected from multiple sources. Based on 6382 managers in 31 geopolitical entities across six continents, our cross-level three-way interaction effect illustrates: As expected, managers in good barrels (high CEV/high CPI), mixed barrels (low CEV/high CPI or high CEV/low CPI), and bad barrels (low CEV/low CPI) display low, medium, and high magnitude of dishonesty, respectively. With high CEV, the intensity is the same across cultures. With low CEV, the intensity of dishonesty is the highest in high CPI entities (risk seeking of high probability)-the Enron Effect, but the lowest in low CPI entities (risk aversion of low probability). CPI has a strong impact on the magnitude of dishonesty, whereas CEV has a strong impact on the intensity of dishonesty. We demonstrate dishonesty in light of monetary values and two frames of social norm, revealing critical implications to the field of behavioral economics and business ethics. Faculty Research and Creative Activity Committee of Middle Tennessee State University The senior author would like to thank Faculty Research and Creative Activity Committee of Middle Tennessee State University and all co-authors' respective institutions for financial support, late Fr. Wiatt Funk, late Prof. Kuan Ying Tang, and Fang Chen Tang for their inspiration, and pay special tribute to Prof. Horia D. Pitariu who passed away on March 25, 2010. WOS:000428611800013 2-s2.0-84955592605

Monetary Intelligence theory asserts that individuals apply their money attitude to frame critical concerns in the context and strategically select certain options to achieve financial goals and ultimate happiness. This study explores the bright side of Monetary Intelligence and behavioral economics, frames money attitude in the context of pay and life satisfaction, and controls money at the macro-level (GDP per capita) and micro-level (Z income). We theorize: Managers with low love of money motive but high stewardship behavior will have high subjective well-being: pay satisfaction and quality of life. Data collected from 6586 managers in 32 cultures across six continents support our theory. Interestingly, GDP per capita is related to life satisfaction, but not to pay satisfaction. Individual income is related to both life and pay satisfaction. Neither GDP nor income is related to Happiness (money makes people happy). Our theoretical model across three GDP groups offers new discoveries: In high GDP (rich) entities, high income not only reduces aspirations-Rich, Motivator, and Power, but also promotes stewardship behavior-Budget, Give/Donate, and Contribute and appreciation of Achievement. After controlling income, we demonstrate the bright side of Monetary Intelligence: Low love of money motive but high stewardship behavior define Monetary Intelligence. Good apples enjoy good quality of life in good barrels. This notion adds another explanation to managers' low magnitude of dishonesty in entities with high Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) (risk aversion for gains of high probability) . In low GDP (poor) entities, high income is related to poor Budgeting skills and escalated Happiness. These managers experience equal satisfaction with pay and life. We add a new vocabulary to the conversation of monetary intelligence, income, GDP, happiness, subjective well-being, good and bad apples and barrels, corruption, and behavioral ethics. Faculty Research and Creative Activity Committee of Middle Tennessee State University We would like to thank Editor-in-Chief Alex C. Michalos for his dedication to the Journal of Business Ethics and his encouragement, inspiration, and continuous support of our research projects. The senior author would like to thank Faculty Research and Creative Activity Committee of Middle Tennessee State University and all co-authors' respective institutions for financial support, late Fr. Wiatt Funk and late Prof. Kuan Ying Tang and Fang Chen Tang for their inspiration, and pay special tribute to Prof. Horia D. Pitariu who passed away on March 25, 2010. Adebowale Akande would like to thank Bolanle E. Adetoun, Modupe F. Adewuyi, and Titilola Akande for their assistance. WOS:000428611800012 2-s2.0-84951784975