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1. Prevention of Air Embolism in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Systems: An In Vitro Study on Protection of Central Venous Catheter Lumen

Author: Danilo Franco, Nejc Krasna, Robert Novak, Giovanni Esposito, Raffaele Izzo, Jan Belohlavek, Marko Noc, and Tomaz Goslar
Subjects: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, air embolism, complications, simulation, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the risk and mechanisms of air entry into the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit through the central venous catheter (CVC) in a veno-venous configuration. The primary goal was to assess the impact of different air volumes on ECMO circuit performance at varying pump speeds. Material and Methods: The study utilized a circuit model to simulate ECMO conditions and evaluate the potential entry points of air, specifically through the unprotected lumen of the CVC. Various interventions, such as the use of a closed three-way stopcock or clave, were implemented to assess their efficacy in preventing air entry. Results: The unprotected lumen of the central venous catheter posed a significant risk for air entry into the ECMO circuit. The introduction of a closed three-way stopcock or clave proved effective in preventing air ingress through the central venous catheter. Auditory cues, such as a distinct hissing sound, served as an early warning sign of air presence in the circuit. The study demonstrated that even small volumes of air, as minimal as 1 mL, could pass through the oxygenator at specific pump speeds, and larger volumes could lead to pump dysfunction. Conclusions: The study identified the unprotected lumen of the central venous catheter as a potential entry point for air into the ECMO circuit. The use of a closed three-way stopcock or one-way valve was found to be a reliable protective measure against air infiltration. Early detection through the observation of a hissing sound in the circuit provided a valuable warning sign. These findings contribute to enhancing the safety and performance of ECMO systems by minimizing the risk of air embolism.
Published: 2024
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2. Early unfractionated heparin treatment in patients with STEMI - trial design and rationale.

Author: Misa Fister, Ursa Mikuz, Klemen Ziberna, Danilo Franco, Peter Radsel, Matjaz Bunc, Marko Noc, and Tomaz Goslar
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The early unfractionated heparin (UFH) treatment in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial. The study population are patients with STEMI that undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). The trial was designed to investigate whether early administration of unfractionated heparin immediately after diagnosis of STEMI is beneficial in terms of patency of infarct-related coronary artery (IRA) when compared to established UFH administration at the time of coronary intervention. The patients will be randomized in 1:1 fashion in one of the two groups. The primary efficacy endpoint of the study is Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grades 2 and 3 on diagnostic coronary angiography. Secondary outcome measures are: TIMI flow after PPCI, progression to cardiogenic shock, 30-day mortality, ST-segment resolution, highest Troponin I and Troponin I values at 24 hours. The safety outcome is bleeding complications. The study of early heparin administration in patients with STEMI will address whether pretreatment with UFH can increase the rate of spontaneous reperfusion of infarct-related coronary artery.
Published: 2024
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3. Patent Foramen Ovale-associated Stroke and COVID-19 Vaccination

Author: Maja Rojko, Natasa Cernic Suligoj, Metka Zorc, and Marko Noc
Subjects: Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background: COVID-19 infection has been associated with paradoxical thromboembolism through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and ischaemic stroke. Such events have not been reported after COVID-19 vaccination. The aim of the present study was to investigate PFO-associated stroke during the mass COVID-19 vaccination in Slovenia. Methods: This prospective study, conducted between 26 December 2020 and 31 March 2022, enrolled consecutive patients (≥18 years) with PFO-associated stroke referred for a percutaneous closure to a single interventional facility in Slovenia. Results: A total of 953,546 people aged between 18 and 70 years received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine approved by the European Medicines Agency. Of the 28 patients presenting with PFO-associated stroke, 12 patients (42.9%) were vaccinated prior to the event, of whom nine were women and three were men, aged between 21 and 70 years. Stroke occurred within 35 days after vaccination in six patients (50%). Clinical presentation included motor dysphasia, paresis, vertigo, ataxia, paraesthesia, headache, diplopia and hemianopia. At hospital discharge, 11 patients (91.6%) had at least one residual ischaemic lesion. Conclusion: A temporal coincidence of COVID-19 vaccination and PFO-associated stroke has been described. A potential cause–effect relationship may only be hypothesised.
Published: 2023
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4. British Cardiovascular Interventional Society Consensus: a Huge Step Towards Standardised Care for Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest in the UK

Author: Marko Noc and Roxana Mehran
Subjects: Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Published: 2022
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5. Optical coherence tomography versus intravascular ultrasound for culprit lesion assessment in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Author: Blaz Mrevlje, Paweł Kleczyński, Igor Kranjec, Jacek Jąkała, Marko Noc, Łukasz Rzeszutko, Artur Dziewierz, Marcin Wizimirski, Dariusz Dudek, and Jacek Legutko
Subjects: percutaneous coronary intervention, acute myocardial infarction, optical coherence tomography, intravascular ultrasound, thin-cap fibroatheroma, culprit lesion, Medicine
Published: 2020
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6. Contemporary Management of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest in the Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratory: Current Status and Future Directions

Author: Nilesh Pareek, Peter Kordis, Ian Webb, Marko Noc, Philip MacCarthy, and Jonathan Byrne
Subjects: Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries and remains an important public health burden. A primary cardiac aetiology is common in OHCA patients, and so patients are increasingly brought to specialist cardiac centres for consideration of coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention and mechanical circulatory support. This article focuses on the management of OHCA in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory. In particular, it addresses conveyance of the OHCA patient direct to a specialist centre, the role of targeted temperature management, pharmacological considerations, provision of early coronary angiography and mechanical circulatory support.
Published: 2019
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7. Retrograde transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect with Amplatzer Duct Occluder II

Author: Brina Suligoj, Natasa Cernic, Metka Zorc, Marko Noc, and Saibal Kar
Subjects: Medicine
Published: 2016
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8. Influence of Culprit Lesion Intervention on Outcomes in Infarct-Related Cardiogenic Shock With Cardiac Arrest

Author: Uwe Zeymer, Brunilda Alushi, Marko Noc, Mamas A. Mamas, Gilles Montalescot, Georg Fuernau, Kurt Huber, Janine Poess, Suzanne de Waha-Thiele, Steffen Schneider, Taoufik Ouarrak, Steffen Desch, Alexander Lauten, and Holger Thiele
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2023
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9. Coronary disease in refractory cardiac arrest undergoing resuscitation with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Author: Danilo Franco, Tomaz Goslar, Peter Radsel, Nicola De Luca, Costantino Mancusi, Emanuele Barbato, and Marko Noc
Subjects: General Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Abstract: Aims Because re-establishment of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients with cardiac arrest is frequently not achieved by conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (C-CPR), selected patients may undergo resuscitation with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (E-CPR). We compared angiographic features and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between patients undergoing E-CPR and those with ROSC after C-CPR. Methods and results Forty-nine consecutive E-CPR patients undergoing immediate coronary angiography admitted between August 2013 and August 2022 were matched to 49 patients with ROSC after C-CPR. Multivessel disease (69.4% vs. 34.7%; P = 0.001), ≥ 50% unprotected left main (ULM) stenosis (18.4% vs. 4.1%; P = 0.025), and ≥1 chronic total occlusion (CTO) (28.6% vs. 10.2%; P = 0.021) were more often documented in E-CPR group. There was no significant differences in the incidence, features, and distribution of acute culprit lesion which was present in >90%. Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) (27.6 vs. 13.4; P = 0.002) and GENSINI (86.2 vs. 46.0; P = 0.001) scores were increased in E-CPR group. Optimal cut-off predicting E-CPR was 19.75 for SYNTAX (sensitivity 74%, specificity 87%) and 60.50 (sensitivity 69%, specificity 75%) for GENSINI score. More lesions were treated (1.3 vs. 1.1 lesions/patient; P = 0.002) and stents implanted (2.0 vs. 1.3/patient; P < 0.001) in E-CPR group. Final TIMI three flow was comparable (88.6% vs. 95.7%; P = 0.196) but residual SYNTAX (13.6 vs. 3.1; P < 0.001) and GENSINI (36.7 vs. 10.9; P < 0.001) scores remained increased in E-CPR group. Conclusion Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients have more multivessel disease, ULM stenosis, and CTO but similar incidence, features, and distribution of acute culprit lesion. Despite more complex PCI, revascularization is less complete.
Published: 2023
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10. Timing and predictors of definite stent thrombosis in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and therapeutic hypothermia (ST-OHCA study)

Author: Martin, Rauber, Philipp, Nicol, Emina, Sabic, Michael, Joner, and Marko, Noc
Subjects: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Hypothermia, Induced, Creatinine, Humans, Anticoagulants, Stents, Thrombosis, Survivors, Coma, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Incidence of stent thrombosis (ST) in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) undergoing immediate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) varies considerably, from 2.7% to 31.2%, in retrospective studies.We aimed to investigate occurrence, timing and predictors of definite ST.We prospectively investigated consecutive comatose survivors of OHCA with presumed cardiac aetiology undergoing immediate PCI with drug-eluting stents (DES) and TH targeted at 32-34°C admitted between August 2016 and July 2021. Repeat coronary angiography (CAG) was performed if ST was suspected and systematically between day 8-12 in the absence of clinical signs. All deceased patients underwent autopsy and histopathological analysis. Results: Among 362 comatose survivors of OHCA, immediate PCI with stenting was performed in 169 patients (47%). Since 18 patients did not complete follow-up, 151 patients were ultimately enrolled in ST analysis. Definite ST was confirmed in 29 patients (19.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.9%-25.6%) either by CAG (n=18) or autopsy (n=11). ST occurred within 3 days in 62% and presented with at least one clinical sign in 79%. Survival with good neurological recovery was observed in 17% of patients with ST and in 60% of patients without ST (p0.001). Independent predictors of ST were longer prehospital resuscitation, lower arterial pH and increased creatinine on admission.The incidence of definite ST in comatose survivors of OHCA undergoing immediate PCI and TH targeted at 32-34°C is substantial (19.2%) and significantly higher than in other PCI subsets despite systematic use of contemporary DES and anticoagulation/antiplatelet treatment.
Published: 2022
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11. Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Author: Tài, Pham, Leo, Heunk, Giacomo, Bellani, Fabiana, Madotto, Irene, Aragao, Gaëtan, Beduneau, Ewan C, Goligher, Giacomo, Grasselli, Jon Henrik, Laake, Jordi, Mancebo, Oscar, Peñuela, Lise, Piquilloud, Antonio, Pesenti, Hannah, Wunsch, Frank, van Haren, Laurent, Brochard, John G, Laffey, Abrough, Fekri, P Acharya, Subhash, Amin, Pravin, Arabi, Yaseen, Aragao, Irene, Bauer, Philippe, Beduneau, Gaëtan, Beitler, Jeremy, Berkius, Johan, Bugedo, Guillermo, Camporota, Luigi, Cerny, Vladimir, Cho, Young-Jae, Clarkson, Kevin, Estenssoro, Elisa, Goligher, Ewan, Grasselli, Giacomo, Gritsan, Alexey, Mohammadreza Hashemian, Seyed, Hermans, Greet, M Heunks, Leo, Jovanovic, Bojan, Kurahashi, Kiyoyasu, Henrik Laake, Jon, Matamis, Dimitrio, Moerer, Onnen, Molnar, Zsolt, Ozyilmaz, Ezgi, Panka, Bernardo, Papali, Alfred, Peñuelas, Óscar, Perbet, Sébastien, Piquilloud, Lise, Qiu, Haibo, Abdel Razek, Assem, Rittayamai, Nuttapol, Roldan, Rollin, Serpa Neto, Ary, Szuldrzynski, Konstanty, Talmor, Daniel, Tomescu, Dana, Van Haren, Frank, Villagomez, Asisclo, Ali Zeggwagh, Amine, Abe, Toshikazu, Aboshady, Abdelrhman, Acampo-de Jong, Melanie, Acharya, Subhash, Adderley, Jane, Adiguzel, Nalan, Kumar Agrawal, Vijay, Aguilar, Gerardo, Aguirre, Gaston, Aguirre-Bermeo, Hernan, Ahlström, Björn, Akbas, Türkay, Akker, Mustafa, Al Sadeh, Ghamdan, Alamri, Sultan, Algaba, Angela, Ali, Muneeb, Aliberti, Anna, Manuel Allegue, Jose, Alvarez, Diana, Amador, Joaquin, H Andersen, Finn, Ansari, Sharique, Apichatbutr, Yutthana, Apostolopoulou, Olympia, Arellano, Daniel, Arica, Mestanza, Arikan, Huseyin, Arinaga, Koichi, Arnal, Jean-Michel, Asano, Kengo, Asín-Corrochano, Marta, Milagrito Avalos Cabrera, Jesu, Avila Fuentes, Silvia, Aydemir, Semih, Aygencel, Gulbin, Azevedo, Luciano, Bacakoglu, Feza, Badie, Julio, Baedorf Kassis, Elia, Bai, Gabriela, Balaraj, Govindan, Ballico, Bruno, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie, Banwarie, Preveen, Barbieri, Rosella, Baronia, Arvind, Barrett, Jonathan, Barrot, Loïc, Emilio Barrueco-Francioni, Jesu, Barry, Jeffrey, Bawangade, Harshal, Beavis, Sarah, Beck, Eduardo, Beehre, Nina, Belenguer Muncharaz, Alberto, Bellani, Giacomo, Belliato, Mirko, Bellissima, Agrippino, Beltramelli, Rodrigo, Ben Souissi, Asma, Benitez-Cano, Adela, Benlamin, Mohamed, Benslama, Abdellatif, Bento, Lui, Benvenuti, Daniela, Bernabe, Laura, Bersten, Andrew, Berta, Giacomo, Bertini, Pietro, Bertram-Ralph, Elliot, Besbes, Mohamed, Roberto Bettini, Lisandro, Beuret, Pascal, Bewley, Jeremy, Bezzi, Marco, Bhakhtiani, Lakshay, Bhandary, Rakesh, Bhowmick, Kaushik, Bihari, Shailesh, Bissett, Bernie, Blythe, David, Bocher, Simon, Boedjawan, Narain, M Bojanowski, Christine, Boni, Elisa, Boraso, Sabrina, Borelli, Massimo, Borello, Silvina, Borislavova, Margarita, J Bosma, Karen, Bottiroli, Maurizio, Boyd, Owen, Bozbay, Suha, Briva, Arturo, Brochard, Laurent, Bruel, Cédric, Bruni, Andrea, Buehner, Ulrike, Bulpa, Pierre, Burt, Karen, Buscot, Mathieu, Buttera, Stefania, Cabrera, Jorge, Caccese, Roberta, Caironi, Pietro, Canchos Gutierrez, Ivan, Canedo, Nancy, Cani, Alma, Cappellini, Iacopo, Carazo, Jesu, Pablo Cardonnet, Lui, Carpio, David, Carriedo, Demetrio, Carrillo, Ramón, Carvalho, João, Caser, Eliana, Castelli, Antonio, Castillo Quintero, Manuel, Castro, Heloisa, Catorze, Nuno, Cengiz, Melike, Cereijo, Enrique, Ceunen, Helga, Chaintoutis, Christo, Chang, Youjin, Chaparro, Gustavogcha, Chapman, Carmel, Chau, Simon, Eugenia Chavez, Cecilia, Chelazzi, Cosimo, Chelly, Jonathan, Chemouni, Frank, Chen, Kai, Chena, Ariel, Chiarandini, Paolo, Chilton, Phil, Chiumello, Davide, Chou-Lie, Yvette, Chudeau, Nicola, Cinel, Ismail, Cinnella, Gilda, Clark, Michele, Clark, Thoma, Clementi, Stefano, Coaguila, Lui, Jaspe Codecido, Alexi, Collins, Amy, Colombo, Riccardo, Conde, Juan, Consales, Guglielmo, Cook, Tim, Coppadoro, Andrea, Cornejo, Rodrigo, Cortegiani, Andrea, Coxo, Cristina, Neville Cracchiolo, Andrea, Crespo Ramirez, Mónica, Crova, Philippe, Cruz, José, Cubattoli, Lucia, Çukurova, Zafer, Curto, Francesco, Czempik, Piotr, D'Andrea, Rocco, da Silva Ramos, Fernando, Dangers, Laurence, Danguy des Déserts, Marc, Danin, Pierre-Eric, Dantas, Fabianne, Daubin, Cédric, Dawei, Wu, de Haro, Candelaria, de Jesus Montelongo, Felipe, De Mendoza, Diego, de Pablo, Raúl, De Pascale, Gennaro, De Rosa, Silvia, Decavèle, Maxen, Declercq, Pierre-Loui, Deicas, Alberto, Del Carmen Campos Moreno, María, Dellamonica, Jean, Delmas, Benjamin, Demirkiran, Oktay, Demirkiran, Hilmi, Dendane, Tarek, di Mussi, Rossella, Diakaki, Chrysi, Diaz, Anatilde, Diaz, Willy, Dikmen, Yalim, Dimoula, Aikaterini, Doble, Patricia, Doha, Nagwa, Domingos, Guilherme, Dres, Martin, Dries, David, Duggal, Abhijit, Duke, Graeme, Dunts, Pavel, Dybwik, Knut, Dykyy, Maksym, Eckert, Philippe, Efe, Serdar, Elatrous, Souheil, Elay, Gülseren, S Elmaryul, Abubaker, Elsaadany, Mohamed, Elsayed, Hany, Elsayed, Samar, Emery, Malo, Ena, Sébastien, Eng, Kevin, A Englert, Joshua, Erdogan, Elif, Ergin Ozcan, Perihan, Eroglu, Ege, Escobar, Miguel, Esen, Figen, Esen Tekeli, Arzu, Esquivel, Alejandro, Esquivel Gallegos, Helbert, Ezzouine, Hanane, Facchini, Alberto, Faheem, Mohammad, Fanelli, Vito, Fernanda Farina, Maria, Fartoukh, Muriel, Fehrle, Lutz, Feng, Feng, Feng, Yufeng, Fernandez, Irene, Fernandez, Borja, Lorena Fernandez-Rodriguez, Maria, Ferrando, Carlo, João Ferreira da Silva, Maria, Ferreruela, Mireia, Ferrier, Janet, Jesús Flamm Zamorano, Matia, Flood, Laura, Floris, Leda, Fluckiger, Martin, Forteza, Catalina, Fortunato, Antonella, Frans, Eric, Frattari, Antonella, Fredes, Sebastian, Frenzel, Tim, Fumagalli, Roberto, Andres Furche, Mariano, Fusari, Maurizio, Fysh, Edward, Luis Galeas-Lopez, Juan, Galerneau, Louis-Marie, Garcia, Analía, Fernanda Garcia, María, Garcia, Elisabet, Garcia Olivares, Pablo, Garlicki, Jaroslaw, Garnero, Aude, Garofalo, Eugenio, Gautam, Prabha, Gazenkampf, Andrey, Gelinotte, Stéphanie, Gelormini, Domenico, Ghrenassia, Etienne, Giacomucci, Angelo, Giannoni, Robert, Gigante, Andrea, Glober, Nancy, Gnesin, Paolo, Gollo, Yari, Gomaa, Dina, Gomero Paredes, Rosita, Gomes, Rui, Alejandro Gomez, Raúl, Gomez, Oscar, Gomez, Aroa, Gondim, Louise, Gonzalez, Manuel, Gonzalez, Isabel, Gonzalez-Castro, Alejandro, Gordillo Romero, Orlando, Gordo, Federico, Gouin, Philippe, Graf Santos, Jerónimo, Grainne, Rooney, Grando, Matilde, Granov Grabovica, Sanja, Grasso, Salvatore, Grasso, Rinaldo, Grimmer, Lisa, Grissom, Colin, Gu, Qing, Guan, Xiang-Dong, Guarracino, Fabio, Guasch, Neu, Guatteri, Luca, Gueret, Renaud, Guérin, Claude, Guerot, Emmanuel, Guitard, Pierre-Gilda, Gül, Fethi, Gumus, Ayca, Gurjar, Mohan, Gutierrez, Patricia, Hachimi, Abdelhamid, Hadzibegovic, Adi, Hagan, Samantha, Hammel, Clare, Han Song, Joo, Hanlon, Gabrielle, Heines, Serge, Henriksson, Johanna, Herbrecht, Jean-Etienne, Omar Heredia Orbegoso, Gabriel, Hermon, Andrew, Hernandez, Rosana, Hernandez, Carmen, Herrera, Lui, Herrera-Gutierrez, Manuel, Heunks, Leo, Hidalgo, Juan, Hill, Dianne, Holmquist, Dagmar, Homez, Marcela, Hongtao, Xia, Hormis, Anil, Horner, Daniel, Carmen Hornos, M, Hou, Meihong, House, Stacy, Housni, Brahim, Hugill, Keith, Humphreys, Sally, Humbert, Loui, Hunter, Stephanie, Hwa Young, Lee, Iezzi, Nicola, Ilutovich, Santiago, Inal, Volkan, Innes, Richard, Ioannides, Panagioti, Antonio Iotti, Giorgio, Ippolito, Mariachiara, Irie, Hiromasa, Iriyama, Hiroki, Itagaki, Taiga, Izura, Javier, Izza, Santiago, Jabeen, Rakhshanda, Jamaati, Hamidreza, Jamadarkhana, Sunil, Jamoussi, Amira, Jankowski, Milosz, Alberto Jaramillo, Lui, Jeon, Kyeongman, Jeong Lee, Seok, Jeswani, Deepak, Jha, Simant, Jiang, Liangyan, Jing, Chen, Jochmans, Sébastien, Anders Johnstad, Bror, Jongmin, Lee, Joret, Aurélie, Junhasavasdikul, Detajin, Teresa Jurado, Maria, Kam, Elisa, Kamohara, Hidenobu, Kane, Caroline, Kara, Iskender, Karakurt, Sait, Karnjanarachata, Cherdkiat, Kataoka, Jun, Katayama, Shinshu, Kaushik, Shuchi, Kelebek Girgin, Nermin, Kerr, Kathryn, Kerslake, Ian, Khairnar, Prakash, Khalid, Abidi, Khan, Akram, K Khanna, Ashish, Khorasanee, Reza, Kienhorst, Dieneke, Kirakli, Cenk, Knafelj, Rihard, Kol Kol, Mark, Kongpolprom, Napplika, Kopitko, Csaba, Korkmaz Ekren, Pervin, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka, Kulcsar, Zoltan, Kumasawa, Junji, Kuriyama, Akira, Kutchak, Fernanda, Labarca, Eduardo, Labat, Françoise, Laborda, César, Alberto Laca Barrera, Manuel, Lagache, Laurie, Landaverde Lopez, Antonio, Lanspa, Michael, Lascari, Valeria, Le Meur, Matthieu, Hwan Lee, Su, Ju Lee, Young, Lee, Jinwoo, Lee, Won-Yeon, Lee, Jarone, Legernaes, Terje, Leiner, Tamaa, Lemiale, Virginie, Leonor, Tiago, M Lepper, Philipp, Li, Dahuan, Li, Hongbin, Li, Oleg, Raquel Lima, Ana, Lind, Dan, Litton, Edward, Liu, Ning, Liu, Ling, Liu, Jialin, Llitjos, Jean-Françoi, Llorente, Beatriz, Lopez, Rodolfo, Elizabeth Lopez, Claudia, Lopez Nava, Claudia, Lovazzano, Pablo, Lu, Min, Lucchese, Francesca, Lugano, Manuela, Lugo Goytia, Gustavo, Luo, Hua, Lynch, Ceri, Macheda, Sebastiano, Hugo Madrigal Robles, Victor, Maurizio Maggiore, Salvatore, Magret Iglesias, Mònica, Malaga, Peter, Mallapura Maheswarappa, Harish, Malpartida, Guillermo, Malyarchikov, Andrey, Mansson, Helena, Manzano, Anaid, Marey, Ismael, Marin, Nathalie, Del Carmen Marin, Maria, Markman, Eliana, Martin, Felix, Martin, Alex, Martin Dal Gesso, Cristina, Martinez, Felipe, Martínez-Fidalgo, Conchita, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Mas, Arantxa, Masaaki, Sakuraya, Maseda, Emilio, Massa, Eleni, Mattsson, Anna, Maugeri, Jessica, Mccredie, Victoria, Mccullough, Jame, Mcguinness, Shay, Mckown, Andrew, Medve, László, Mei, Chengqing, Mellado Artigas, Ricard, Mendes, Vitor, Khalaf Ebraheim Mervat, Mohamed, Michaux, Isabelle, Mikhaeil, Michael, Milagros, Olga, Milet, Igor, Teresa Millan, Maria, Minwei, Zhang, Mirabella, Lucia, Mishra, Sanghamitra, Mistraletti, Giovanni, Mochizuki, Katsunori, Moghal, Arif, Mojoli, Francesco, Molin, Alexandre, Montiel, Raquel, Montini, Luca, Monza, Gianmario, Mora Aznar, Maria, Morakul, Sunthiti, Morales, Maria, Moreno Torres, Daniel, Rolando Morocho Tutillo, Diego, Motherway, Catherine, Mouhssine, Doumiri, Mouloudi, Eleni, Muñoz, Tapia, Munoz de Cabo, Carlo, Mustafa, Mohamed, Muthuchellappan, Radhakrishnan, Muthukrishnan, Muraleekrishnan, Muttini, Stefano, Nagata, Isao, Nahar, Dick, Nakanishi, Misuzu, Nakayama, Izumi, Antonio Namendys-Silva, Silvio, Nanchal, Rahul, Nandakumar, Sivakumar, Nasi, Alessandra, Nasir, Kamal, Navalesi, Paolo, Naz Aslam, Tayyba, Nga Phan, Thuy, Nichol, Alistair, Niiyama, Shuhei, Nikolakopoulou, Sofia, Nikolic, Elena, Nitta, Kenichi, Noc, Marko, Nonas, Stephanie, Nseir, Saad, Nur Soyturk, Ayse, Obata, Yukako, Oeckler, Richard, Oguchi, Moe, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Oikonomou, Marina, Ojados, Agueda, Teresa Oliveira, Maria, Oliveira Filho, Wilson, Oliveri, Carlo, Olmos, Aitor, Omura, Kazuya, Cristina Orlandi, Maria, Orsenigo, Francesca, Ortiz-Ruiz De Gordoa, Laura, Ota, Kei, Ovalle Olmos, Rainier, Öveges, Nándo, Oziemski, Peter, Ozkan Kuscu, Ozlem, Özyilmaz, Ezgi, Pachas Alvarado, Fernando, Pagella, Gonzalo, Palaniswamy, Vijayanand, Luis Palazon Sanchez, Eugenio, Palmese, Salvatore, Pan, Guojun, Pan, Wensen, Papanikolaou, Metaxia, Papavasilopoulou, Theonymfi, Parekh, Ameet, Parke, Rachael, J Parrilla, Francisco, Parrilla, Dácil, Pasha, Taha, Pasin, Laura, Patão, Lui, Patel, Mayur, Patel, Grisma, Kumar Pati, Basanta, Patil, Jayaprakash, Pattnaik, Saroj, Paul, Daniel, Pavesi, Maurizio, Alejandra Pavlotsky, Vanesa, Paz, Graciela, Paz, Enrique, Pecci, Elisabetta, Pellegrini, Carlo, Gabriela Peña Padilla, Andrea, Perchiazzi, Gaetano, Pereira, Tiago, Pereira, Vera, Perez, Manuel, Perez Calvo, Cesar, Perez Cheng, Meisy, Perez Maita, Ronald, Pérez-Araos, Rodrigo, Perez-Teran, Purificación, Perez-Torres, David, Perkins, Gavin, Persona, Paolo, Petnak, Tananchai, Petrova, Marina, Pham, Tai, Philippart, Françoi, Picetti, Edoardo, Pierucci, Elisabetta, Piervincenzi, Edoardo, Pinciroli, Riccardo, Pintado, Maria-Consuelo, Piraino, Thoma, Piras, Stephanie, Piras, Claudio, Pirompanich, Pattarin, Pisani, Luigi, Platas, Enrique, Plotnikow, Gustavo, Porras, Willy, Porta, Virginia, Portilla, Mariana, Portugal, José, Povoa, Pedro, Prat, Gwenael, Pratto, Romina, Preda, Gabriel, Prieto, Isidro, Prol-Silva, Estefania, Pugh, Richard, Qi, Yupeng, Qian, Chuanyun, Qin, Tiehe, Qu, Hongping, Quintana, Teobaldo, Quispe Sierra, Rosari, Quispe Soto, Rocio, Rabbani, Raihan, Rabee, Mohamed, Rabie, Ahmed, Augusta Rahe Pereira, Maria, Rai, Ashish, Raj Ashok, Sundar, Rajab, Mostafa, Ramdhani, Navin, Ramey, Elizabeth, Ranieri, Marco, Rathod, Darshana, Ray, Banambar, Mahmud Redwanul Huq, Shihan, Regli, Adrian, Reina, Rosa, Resano Sarmiento, Natalia, Reynaud, Faustine, Rialp, Gemma, Ricart, Pilar, Rice, Todd, Richardson, Angu, Rieder, Marcelo, Rinket, Martin, Rios, Fernando, Risso Vazquez, Alejandro, Riva, Ivano, Rivette, Monaly, Roca, Oriol, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Rodriguez, Covadonga, 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Maseda, Eleni Massa, Anna Mattsson, Jessica Maugeri, Victoria McCredie, James McCullough, Shay McGuinness, Andrew McKown, László Medve, Chengqing Mei, Ricard Mellado Artigas, Vitor Mendes, Mohamed Khalaf Ebraheim Mervat, Isabelle Michaux, Michael Mikhaeil, Olga Milagros, Igor Milet, Maria Teresa Millan, Zhang Minwei, Lucia Mirabella, Sanghamitra Mishra, Giovanni Mistraletti, Katsunori Mochizuki, Arif Moghal, Francesco Mojoli, Alexandre Molin, Raquel Montiel, Luca Montini (ORCID:0000-0003-4602-5134), Gianmario Monza, Maria Mora Aznar, Sunthiti Morakul, Maria Morales, Daniel Moreno Torres, Diego Rolando Morocho Tutillo, Catherine Motherway, Doumiri Mouhssine, Eleni Mouloudi, Tapia Muñoz, Carlos Munoz de Cabo, Mohamed Mustafa, Radhakrishnan Muthuchellappan, Muraleekrishnan Muthukrishnan, Stefano Muttini, Isao Nagata, Dick Nahar, Misuzu Nakanishi, Izumi Nakayama, Silvio Antonio Namendys-Silva, Rahul Nanchal, Sivakumar Nandakumar, Alessandra Nasi, Kamal Nasir, Paolo Navalesi, Tayyba Naz 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Elizabeth Stevenson, Kristian Strand, Maria Teresa Strano, Slavenka Straus, Chenliang Sun, Rongqing Sun, Venkat Sundaram, Tai SunPark, Elisabeth Surlemont, Yuda Sutherasan, Zsuzsanna Szabo, Christopher Tainter, Akihiro Takaba, Mandy Tallott, Tamasato Tamasato, Zhanhong Tang, Viratch Tangsujaritvijit, Leandro Taniguchi, Daisuke Taniguchi, Fabio Tarantino, Krittika Teerapuncharoen, Susana Temprano, Pierpaolo Terragni, Nicolas Terzi, Anand Thakur, Pongdhep Theerawit, Arnaud W Thille, Matt Thomas, Poungrat Thungtitigul, Martial Thyrault, Nejla Tilouch, Karina Timenetsky, Juna Tirapu, Manuel Todeschini, Roser Tomas, Christian Tomaszewski, Tommaso Tonetti, Alexandre Tonnelier, John Trinder, Konlawij Trongtrakul, Jonathon Truwit, Betty Tsuei, Aiman Tulaimat, Sema Turan, Melda Turkoglu, Sanjeev Tyagi, Alejandro Ubeda, Federica Vagginelli, María Florencia Valenti, Imma Vallverdu, Alisha Van Axel, Ingrid van den Hul, Hans van der Hoeven, Nardo Van Der Meer, Marc Vanhoof, Mónica 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Tao, Yuan, Boyun, Yuangtrakul, Nadwipa, Yumoto, Tetsuya, Yun, Xie, Zakalik, Graciela, Zaki, Ahmad, Zalba-Etayo, Begoña, Zambon, Massimo, Zang, Bin, Zani, Gianluca, Zarka, Jonathan, Maria Zerbi, Simone, Zerman, Avsar, Zetterquist, Harald, Zhang, Jiuzhi, Zhang, Hongwen, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Guoxiu, Zhang, Weixin, Zhao, Hongsheng, Zheng, Jia, Zhu, Bin, Zumaran, Ronald, Pham, Tài, Madotto, Fabiana, Goligher, Ewan C, Laake, Jon Henrik, Mancebo, Jordi, Peñuelas, Oscar, Pesenti, Antonio, Wunsch, Hannah, van Haren, Frank, Laffey, John G, Fekri Abrough, Subhash P Acharya, Pravin Amin, Yaseen Arabi, Irene Aragao, Philippe Bauer, Gaëtan Beduneau, Jeremy Beitler, Johan Berkius, Guillermo Bugedo, Luigi Camporota, Vladimir Cerny, Young-Jae Cho, Kevin Clarkson, Elisa Estenssoro, Ewan Goligher, Giacomo Grasselli, Alexey Gritsan, Seyed Mohammadreza Hashemian, Greet Hermans, Leo M Heunks, Bojan Jovanovic, Kiyoyasu Kurahashi, Jon Henrik Laake, Dimitrios Matamis, Onnen Moerer, Zsolt Molnar, Ezgi 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Kassis, Gabriela Bai, Govindan Balaraj, Bruno Ballico, Valerie Banner-Goodspeed, Preveen Banwarie, Rosella Barbieri, Arvind Baronia, Jonathan Barrett, Loïc Barrot, Jesus Emilio Barrueco-Francioni, Jeffrey Barry, Harshal Bawangade, Sarah Beavis, Eduardo Beck, Nina Beehre, Alberto Belenguer Muncharaz, Giacomo Bellani, Mirko Belliato, Agrippino Bellissima, Rodrigo Beltramelli, Asma Ben Souissi, Adela Benitez-Cano, Mohamed Benlamin, Abdellatif Benslama, Luis Bento, Daniela Benvenuti, Laura Bernabe, Andrew Bersten, Giacomo Berta, Pietro Bertini, Elliot Bertram-Ralph, Mohamed Besbes, Lisandro Roberto Bettini, Pascal Beuret, Jeremy Bewley, Marco Bezzi, Lakshay Bhakhtiani, Rakesh Bhandary, Kaushik Bhowmick, Shailesh Bihari, Bernie Bissett, David Blythe, Simon Bocher, Narain Boedjawan, Christine M Bojanowski, Elisa Boni, Sabrina Boraso, Massimo Borelli, Silvina Borello, Margarita Borislavova, Karen J Bosma, Maurizio Bottiroli, Owen Boyd, Suha Bozbay, Arturo Briva, Laurent Brochard, Cédric Bruel, Andrea Bruni, Ulrike Buehner, Pierre Bulpa, Karen Burt, Mathieu Buscot, Stefania Buttera, Jorge Cabrera, Roberta Caccese, Pietro Caironi, Ivan Canchos Gutierrez, Nancy Canedo, Alma Cani, Iacopo Cappellini, Jesus Carazo, Luis Pablo Cardonnet, David Carpio, Demetrio Carriedo, Ramón Carrillo, João Carvalho, Eliana Caser, Antonio Castelli, Manuel Castillo Quintero, Heloisa Castro, Nuno Catorze, Melike Cengiz, Enrique Cereijo, Helga Ceunen, Christos Chaintoutis, Youjin Chang, Gustavogcha Chaparro, Carmel Chapman, Simon Chau, Cecilia Eugenia Chavez, Cosimo Chelazzi, Jonathan Chelly, Frank Chemouni, Kai Chen, Ariel Chena, Paolo Chiarandini, Phil Chilton, Davide Chiumello, Yvette Chou-Lie, Nicolas Chudeau, Ismail Cinel, Gilda Cinnella, Michele Clark, Thomas Clark, Stefano Clementi, Luis Coaguila, Alexis Jaspe Codecido, Amy Collins, Riccardo Colombo, Juan Conde, Guglielmo Consales, Tim Cook, Andrea Coppadoro, Rodrigo Cornejo, Andrea Cortegiani, Cristina Coxo, Andrea Neville Cracchiolo, Mónica Crespo Ramirez, Philippe Crova, José Cruz, Lucia Cubattoli, Zafer Çukurova, Francesco Curto, Piotr Czempik, Rocco D'Andrea, Fernando da Silva Ramos, Laurence Dangers, Marc Danguy des Déserts, Pierre-Eric Danin, Fabianne Dantas, Cédric Daubin, Wu Dawei, Candelaria de Haro, Felipe de Jesus Montelongo, Diego De Mendoza, Raúl de Pablo, Gennaro De Pascale, Silvia De Rosa, Maxens Decavèle, Pierre-Louis Declercq, Alberto Deicas, María Del Carmen Campos Moreno, Jean Dellamonica, Benjamin Delmas, Oktay Demirkiran, Hilmi Demirkiran, Tarek Dendane, Rossella di Mussi, Chrysi Diakaki, Anatilde Diaz, Willy Diaz, Yalim Dikmen, Aikaterini Dimoula, Patricia Doble, Nagwa Doha, Guilherme Domingos, Martin Dres, David Dries, Abhijit Duggal, Graeme Duke, Pavel Dunts, Knut Dybwik, Maksym Dykyy, Philippe Eckert, Serdar Efe, Souheil Elatrous, Gülseren Elay, Abubaker S Elmaryul, Mohamed Elsaadany, Hany Elsayed, Samar Elsayed, Malo Emery, Sébastien Ena, Kevin Eng, Joshua A Englert, Elif Erdogan, Perihan Ergin Ozcan, Ege Eroglu, Miguel Escobar, Figen Esen, Arzu Esen Tekeli, Alejandro Esquivel, Helbert Esquivel Gallegos, Hanane Ezzouine, Alberto Facchini, Mohammad Faheem, Vito Fanelli, Maria Fernanda Farina, Muriel Fartoukh, Lutz Fehrle, Feng Feng, Yufeng Feng, Irene Fernandez, Borja Fernandez, Maria Lorena Fernandez-Rodriguez, Carlos Ferrando, Maria João Ferreira da Silva, Mireia Ferreruela, Janet Ferrier, Matias Jesús Flamm Zamorano, Laura Flood, Leda Floris, Martin Fluckiger, Catalina Forteza, Antonella Fortunato, Eric Frans, Antonella Frattari, Sebastian Fredes, Tim Frenzel, Roberto Fumagalli, Mariano Andres Furche, Maurizio Fusari, Edward Fysh, Juan Luis Galeas-Lopez, Louis-Marie Galerneau, Analía Garcia, María Fernanda Garcia, Elisabet Garcia, Pablo Garcia Olivares, Jaroslaw Garlicki, Aude Garnero, Eugenio Garofalo, Prabha Gautam, Andrey Gazenkampf, Stéphanie Gelinotte, Domenico Gelormini, Etienne Ghrenassia, Angelo Giacomucci, Robert Giannoni, Andrea Gigante, Nancy Glober, Paolo Gnesin, Yari Gollo, Dina Gomaa, Rosita Gomero Paredes, Rui Gomes, Raúl Alejandro Gomez, Oscar Gomez, Aroa Gomez, Louise Gondim, Manuel Gonzalez, Isabel Gonzalez, Alejandro Gonzalez-Castro, Orlando Gordillo Romero, Federico Gordo, Philippe Gouin, Jerónimo Graf Santos, Rooney Grainne, Matilde Grando, Sanja Granov Grabovica, Salvatore Grasso, Rinaldo Grasso, Lisa Grimmer, Colin Grissom, Qing Gu, Xiang-Dong Guan, Fabio Guarracino, Neus Guasch, Luca Guatteri, Renaud Gueret, Claude Guérin, Emmanuel Guerot, Pierre-Gildas Guitard, Fethi Gül, Ayca Gumus, Mohan Gurjar, Patricia Gutierrez, Abdelhamid Hachimi, Adi Hadzibegovic, Samantha Hagan, Clare Hammel, Joo Han Song, Gabrielle Hanlon, Serge Heines, Johanna Henriksson, Jean-Etienne Herbrecht, Gabriel Omar Heredia Orbegoso, Andrew Hermon, Rosana Hernandez, Carmen Hernandez, Luis Herrera, Manuel Herrera-Gutierrez, Leo Heunks, Juan Hidalgo, Dianne Hill, Dagmar Holmquist, Marcela Homez, Xia Hongtao, Anil Hormis, Daniel Horner, M Carmen Hornos, Meihong Hou, Stacy House, Brahim Housni, Keith Hugill, Sally Humphreys, Louis Humbert, Stephanie Hunter, Lee Hwa Young, Nicolas Iezzi, Santiago Ilutovich, Volkan Inal, Richard Innes, Panagiotis Ioannides, Giorgio Antonio Iotti, Mariachiara Ippolito, Hiromasa Irie, Hiroki Iriyama, Taiga Itagaki, Javier Izura, Santiago Izza, Rakhshanda Jabeen, Hamidreza Jamaati, Sunil Jamadarkhana, Amira Jamoussi, Milosz Jankowski, Luis Alberto Jaramillo, Kyeongman Jeon, Seok Jeong Lee, Deepak Jeswani, Simant Jha, Liangyan Jiang, Chen Jing, Sébastien Jochmans, Bror Anders Johnstad, Lee Jongmin, Aurélie Joret, Detajin Junhasavasdikul, Maria Teresa Jurado, Elisa Kam, Hidenobu Kamohara, Caroline Kane, Iskender Kara, Sait Karakurt, Cherdkiat Karnjanarachata, Jun Kataoka, Shinshu Katayama, Shuchi Kaushik, Nermin Kelebek Girgin, Kathryn Kerr, Ian Kerslake, Prakash Khairnar, Abidi Khalid, Akram Khan, Ashish K Khanna, Reza Khorasanee, Dieneke Kienhorst, Cenk Kirakli, Rihard Knafelj, Mark Kol Kol, Napplika Kongpolprom, Csaba Kopitko, Pervin Korkmaz Ekren, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Zoltan Kulcsar, Junji Kumasawa, Akira Kuriyama, Fernanda Kutchak, Eduardo Labarca, Françoise Labat, César Laborda, Manuel Alberto Laca Barrera, Laurie Lagache, Antonio Landaverde Lopez, Michael Lanspa, Valeria Lascari, Matthieu Le Meur, Su Hwan Lee, Young Ju Lee, Jinwoo Lee, Won-Yeon Lee, Jarone Lee, Terje Legernaes, Tamaas Leiner, Virginie Lemiale, Tiago Leonor, Philipp M Lepper, Dahuan Li, Hongbin Li, Oleg Li, Ana Raquel Lima, Dan Lind, Edward Litton, Ning Liu, Ling Liu, Jialin Liu, Jean-François Llitjos, Beatriz Llorente, Rodolfo Lopez, Claudia Elizabeth Lopez, Claudia Lopez Nava, Pablo Lovazzano, Min Lu, Francesca Lucchese, Manuela Lugano, Gustavo Lugo Goytia, Hua Luo, Ceri Lynch, Sebastiano Macheda, Victor Hugo Madrigal Robles, Salvatore Maurizio Maggiore, Mònica Magret Iglesias, Peter Malaga, Harish Mallapura Maheswarappa, Guillermo Malpartida, Andrey Malyarchikov, Helena Mansson, Anaid Manzano, Ismael Marey, Nathalie Marin, Maria Del Carmen Marin, Eliana Markman, Felix Martin, Alex Martin, Cristina Martin Dal Gesso, Felipe Martinez, Conchita Martínez-Fidalgo, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Arantxa Mas, Sakuraya Masaaki, Emilio Maseda, Eleni Massa, Anna Mattsson, Jessica Maugeri, Victoria McCredie, James McCullough, Shay McGuinness, Andrew McKown, László Medve, Chengqing Mei, Ricard Mellado Artigas, Vitor Mendes, Mohamed Khalaf Ebraheim Mervat, Isabelle Michaux, Michael Mikhaeil, Olga Milagros, Igor Milet, Maria Teresa Millan, Zhang Minwei, Lucia Mirabella, Sanghamitra Mishra, Giovanni Mistraletti, Katsunori Mochizuki, Arif Moghal, Francesco Mojoli, Alexandre Molin, Raquel Montiel, Luca Montini (ORCID:0000-0003-4602-5134), Gianmario Monza, Maria Mora Aznar, Sunthiti Morakul, Maria Morales, Daniel Moreno Torres, Diego Rolando Morocho Tutillo, Catherine Motherway, Doumiri Mouhssine, Eleni Mouloudi, Tapia Muñoz, Carlos Munoz de Cabo, Mohamed Mustafa, Radhakrishnan Muthuchellappan, Muraleekrishnan Muthukrishnan, Stefano Muttini, Isao Nagata, Dick Nahar, Misuzu Nakanishi, Izumi Nakayama, Silvio Antonio Namendys-Silva, Rahul Nanchal, Sivakumar Nandakumar, Alessandra Nasi, Kamal Nasir, Paolo Navalesi, Tayyba Naz Aslam, Thuy Nga Phan, Alistair Nichol, Shuhei Niiyama, Sofia Nikolakopoulou, Elena Nikolic, Kenichi Nitta, Marko Noc, Stephanie Nonas, Saad Nseir, Ayse Nur Soyturk, Yukako Obata, Richard Oeckler, Moe Oguchi, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Marina Oikonomou, Agueda Ojados, Maria Teresa Oliveira, Wilson Oliveira Filho, Carlo Oliveri, Aitor Olmos, Kazuya Omura, Maria Cristina Orlandi, Francesca Orsenigo, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz De Gordoa, Kei Ota, Rainier Ovalle Olmos, Nándo Öveges, Peter Oziemski, Ozlem Ozkan Kuscu, Ezgi Özyilmaz, Fernando Pachas Alvarado, Gonzalo Pagella, Vijayanand Palaniswamy, Eugenio Luis Palazon Sanchez, Salvatore Palmese, Guojun Pan, Wensen Pan, Metaxia Papanikolaou, Theonymfi Papavasilopoulou, Ameet Parekh, Rachael Parke, Francisco J Parrilla, Dácil Parrilla, Taha Pasha, Laura Pasin, Luis Patão, Mayur Patel, Grisma Patel, Basanta Kumar Pati, Jayaprakash Patil, Saroj Pattnaik, Daniel Paul, Maurizio Pavesi, Vanesa Alejandra Pavlotsky, Graciela Paz, Enrique Paz, Elisabetta Pecci, Carlos Pellegrini, Andrea Gabriela Peña Padilla, Gaetano Perchiazzi, Tiago Pereira, Vera Pereira, Manuel Perez, Cesar Perez Calvo, Meisy Perez Cheng, Ronald Perez Maita, Rodrigo Pérez-Araos, Purificación Perez-Teran, David Perez-Torres, Gavin Perkins, Paolo Persona, Tananchai Petnak, Marina Petrova, Tai Pham, François Philippart, Edoardo Picetti, Elisabetta Pierucci, Edoardo Piervincenzi, Riccardo Pinciroli, Maria-Consuelo Pintado, Thomas Piraino, Stephanie Piras, Claudio Piras, Pattarin Pirompanich, Luigi Pisani, Enrique Platas, Gustavo Plotnikow, Willy Porras, Virginia Porta, Mariana Portilla, José Portugal, Pedro Povoa, Gwenael Prat, Romina Pratto, Gabriel Preda, Isidro Prieto, Estefania Prol-Silva, Richard Pugh, Yupeng Qi, Chuanyun Qian, Tiehe Qin, Hongping Qu, Teobaldo Quintana, Rosari Quispe Sierra, Rocio Quispe Soto, Raihan Rabbani, Mohamed Rabee, Ahmed Rabie, Maria Augusta Rahe Pereira, Ashish Rai, Sundar Raj Ashok, Mostafa Rajab, Navin Ramdhani, Elizabeth Ramey, Marco Ranieri, Darshana Rathod, Banambar Ray, Shihan Mahmud Redwanul Huq, Adrian Regli, Rosa Reina, Natalia Resano Sarmiento, Faustine Reynaud, Gemma Rialp, Pilar Ricart, Todd Rice, Angus Richardson, Marcelo Rieder, Martin Rinket, Fernando Rios, Alejandro Risso Vazquez, Ivano Riva, Monaly Rivette, Oriol Roca, Ferran Roche-Campo, Covadonga Rodriguez, Gabriel Rodriguez, Daniel Rodriguez Gonzalez, Xandra Yanina Rodriguez Tucto, Angela Rogers, María Elena Romano, Linda Rørtveit, Alastair Rose, Damien Roux, Anahita Rouze, Paolo Nahuel Rubatto Birri, Wang Ruilan, Aldana Ruiz Robledo, Antonio Luis Ruiz-Aguilar, Tomohito Sadahiro, Ignacio Saez, Judith Sagardia, Rajnish Saha, Rohit Saha, Narongkorn Saiphoklang, Shigeki Saito, Maie Salem, Gabriele Sales, Patricia Salgado, Srinivas Samavedam, Mhamed Sami Mebazaa, Line Samuelsson, Nandyelly San Juan Roman, Patricia Sanchez, Jesus Sanchez-Ballesteros, Yazcitk Sandoval, Emanuele Sani, Martin Santos, Carla Santos, Masamitsu Sanui, Lakshmikanthcharan Saravanabavan, Sema Sari, Agnes Sarkany, Bertrand Sauneuf, Monica Savioli, Hilal Sazak, Riccardo Scano, Francis Schneider, Frédérique Schortgen, Marcus J Schultz, Gabriele Leonie Schwarz, Faruk Seçkin Yücesoy, Andrew Seely, Frederik Seiler, Yasemin Seker Tekdos, Kim Seok Chan, Luca Serano, Wojciech Serednicki, Mariano Setten, Asim Shah, Bhagyesh Shah, You Shang, Pradeep Shanmugasundaram, Konstantin Shapovalov, Eman Shebl, Takuya Shiga, Nobuaki Shime, Phil Shin, Jack Short, Chen Shuhua, Sughrat Siddiqui, Juan Ignacio Silesky Jimenez, Daniel Silva, Betania Silva Sales, Koen Simons, Brit Ågot Sjøbø, David Slessor, Jakub Smiechowicz, Nathan Smischney, Paul Smith, Tim Smith, Mark Smith, Sarah Snape, Lindi Snyman, Filiep Soetens, Kyung Sook Hong, Miguel Ángel Sosa Medellin, Giovanna Soto, Xavier Souloy, Elsa Sousa, Stefania Sovatzis, Didem Sozutek, Savino Spadaro, Marco Spagnoli, Martin Spångfors, Nick Spittle, Mike Spivey, Andrew Stapleton, Branislava Stefanovic, Lorraine Stephenson, Elizabeth Stevenson, Kristian Strand, Maria Teresa Strano, Slavenka Straus, Chenliang Sun, Rongqing Sun, Venkat Sundaram, Tai SunPark, Elisabeth Surlemont, Yuda Sutherasan, Zsuzsanna Szabo, Christopher Tainter, Akihiro Takaba, Mandy Tallott, Tamasato Tamasato, Zhanhong Tang, Viratch Tangsujaritvijit, Leandro Taniguchi, Daisuke Taniguchi, Fabio Tarantino, Krittika Teerapuncharoen, Susana Temprano, Pierpaolo Terragni, Nicolas Terzi, Anand Thakur, Pongdhep Theerawit, Arnaud W Thille, Matt Thomas, Poungrat Thungtitigul, Martial Thyrault, Nejla Tilouch, Karina Timenetsky, Juna Tirapu, Manuel Todeschini, Roser Tomas, Christian Tomaszewski, Tommaso Tonetti, Alexandre Tonnelier, John Trinder, Konlawij Trongtrakul, Jonathon Truwit, Betty Tsuei, Aiman Tulaimat, Sema Turan, Melda Turkoglu, Sanjeev Tyagi, Alejandro Ubeda, Federica Vagginelli, María Florencia Valenti, Imma Vallverdu, Alisha Van Axel, Ingrid van den Hul, Hans van der Hoeven, Nardo Van Der Meer, Marc Vanhoof, Mónica Vargas-Ordoñez, Rosanna Vaschetto, Ettore Vascotto, Maria Vatsik, Ana Vaz, Antonia Vazquez-Sanchez, Sara Ventura, Jan Wytze Vermeijden, Anxela Vidal, Jocyelle Vieira, Bruno Vilela Costa Pinto, Ana Villagra, Cristina Villegas Succar, Ole Georg Vinorum, Giovanni Vitale, Ramesh Vj, Ana Vochin, Guillaume Voiriot, Carlo Alberto Volta, Magnus von Seth, Maazouzi Wajdi, Don Walsh, Shouhong Wang, Gabriel Wardi, Nils Christian Ween-Velken, Bi-Lin Wei, Dolf Weller, Deborah Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Michael Wert, Simon Whiteley, Elizabeth Wilby, Erin Williams, Karen Williams, Antoinette Wilson, Jadwiga Wojtas, Jin Won Huh, David Wrathall, Christopher Wright, Jian-Feng Wu, Guo Xi, Zheng-Jiang Xing, Hongyang Xu, Kotaro Yamamoto, Jie Yan, Julio Yáñez, Xiaobo Yang, Elliot Yates, Ozlem Yazicioglu Mocin, Zhenglong Ye, Fatma Yildirim, Norifumi Yoshida, Hector Higo Leon Yoshido, Bo Young Lee, Rongguo Yu, Gong Yu, Tao Yu, Boyun Yuan, Nadwipa Yuangtrakul, Tetsuya Yumoto, Xie Yun, Graciela Zakalik, Ahmad Zaki, Begoña Zalba-Etayo, Massimo Zambon, Bin Zang, Gianluca Zani, Jonathan Zarka, Simone Maria Zerbi, Avsar Zerman, Harald Zetterquist, Jiuzhi Zhang, Hongwen Zhang, Wei Zhang, Guoxiu Zhang, Weixin Zhang, Hongsheng Zhao, Jia Zheng, Bin Zhu, and Ronald Zumaran
Abstract: Background: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0-4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 d
Published: 2023

12. A machine learning algorithm to predict a culprit lesion after out of hospital cardiac arrest

Author: Nilesh Pareek, Christopher Frohmaier, Mathew Smith, Peter Kordis, Antonio Cannata, Jo Nevett, Rachael Fothergill, Robert C. Nichol, Mark Sullivan, Nicholas Sunderland, Thomas W. Johnson, Marko Noc, Jonathan Byrne, Philip MacCarthy, and Ajay M. Shah
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Background: we aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm to predict the presence of a culprit lesion in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: we used the King's Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry, a retrospective cohort of 398 patients admitted to King's College Hospital between May 2012 and December 2017. The primary outcome was the presence of a culprit coronary artery lesion, for which a gradient boosting model was optimized to predict. The algorithm was then validated in two independent European cohorts comprising 568 patients. Results: a culprit lesion was observed in 209/309 (67.4%) patients receiving early coronary angiography in the development, and 199/293 (67.9%) in the Ljubljana and 102/132 (61.1%) in the Bristol validation cohorts, respectively. The algorithm, which is presented as a web application, incorporates nine variables including age, a localizing feature on electrocardiogram (ECG) (≥2 mm of ST change in contiguous leads), regional wall motion abnormality, history of vascular disease and initial shockable rhythm. This model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 in the development and 0.83/0.81 in the validation cohorts with good calibration and outperforms the current gold standard-ECG alone (AUC: 0.69/0.67/0/67). Conclusions: a novel simple machine learning-derived algorithm can be applied to patients with OHCA, to predict a culprit coronary artery disease lesion with high accuracy.
Published: 2023

13. High Resolution ECG Differences between Hospital Survivors and Non-survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest during Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia.

Author: Martin Rauber, Dusan Stajer, Marko Noc, Todd T. Schlegel, and Vito Starc
Published: 2014

14. MIRACLE2 Score and SCAI Grade to Identify Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest for Immediate Coronary Angiography

Author: Nilesh Pareek, Nicholas Beckley-Hoelscher, Ritesh Kanyal, Antonio Cannata, Peter Kordis, Nicholas Sunderland, Ali Kirresh, Joanne Nevett, Rachael Fothergill, Ian Webb, Rafal Dworakowski, Narbeh Melikian, Sundeep Kalra, Thomas W. Johnson, Gianfranco Sinagra, Serena Rakar, Marko Noc, Ajay M. Shah, Jonathan Byrne, and Philip MacCarthy
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2022
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15. High resolution ECG Changes in Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest during and after Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia.

Author: Martin Rauber, Dusan Stajer, Marko Noc, Todd T. Schlegel, and Vito Starc
Published: 2013

16. British Cardiovascular Interventional Society Consensus: a Huge Step Towards Standardised Care for Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest in the UK

Author: Roxana Mehran and Marko Noc
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2022
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17. CRT-700.77 Conduction Disturbances After TAVR – Experience From MC Medicor

Author: Ales Pleskovic, Metka Zorc, Maja Rojko, Matjaz Span, Miladin Djordjevic, Nenad Danojevic, Natasa Cernic Suligoj, Flavio Ribichini, Oscar Mendiz, and Marko Noc
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Clopidogrel vs. prasugrel vs. ticagrelor in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: a pooled IABP-SHOCK II and CULPRIT-SHOCK trial sub-analysis

Author: Gilles Montalescot, Steffen Desch, Peter Clemmensen, Martin Orban, Paul M Haller, Steffen Schneider, Dariusz Dudek, Jan Kleeberger, Steffen Massberg, Uwe Zeymer, Holger Thiele, Alexander Neumer, Jörg Hausleiter, Anne Freund, Marko Noc, Kurt Huber, Georg Fuernau, Hans-Josef Feistritzer, Taoufik Ouarrak, Tobias Geisler, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Klinikum Ludwigshafen [Germany], Leipzig University, Universität zu Lübeck [Lübeck], Universitätsklinikum Tübingen - University Hospital of Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Sigmund Freud University (SFU), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University Medical Centre Ljubljana [Ljubljana, Slovenia] (UMCL), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: Male, Ticagrelor, medicine.medical_specialty, Prasugrel, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Myocardial Infarction, Shock, Cardiogenic, Hemorrhage, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Cardiogenic shock, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Original Paper, Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping, business.industry, Bleeding, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Clopidogrel, 3. Good health, Shock (circulatory), Conventional PCI, Cardiology, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, ADP-receptor antagonists, Prasugrel Hydrochloride, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract: Aims The aim of this pooled sub-analysis of the Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II (IABP-SHOCK II) and Culprit Lesion Only PCI versus Multivessel PCI in Cardiogenic Shock (CULPRIT-SHOCK) trial was to compare the clinical outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock treated either with clopidogrel or the newer, more potent ADP-receptor antagonists prasugrel or ticagrelor. Methods and results For the current analysis the primary endpoint was 1-year mortality and the secondary safety endpoint was moderate or severe bleedings until hospital discharge with respect to three different ADP-receptor antagonists. 856 patients were eligible for analysis. Of these, 507 patients (59.2%) received clopidogrel, 178 patients (20.8%) prasugrel and 171 patients (20.0%) ticagrelor as acute antiplatelet therapy. The adjusted rate of mortality after 1-year did not differ significantly between prasugrel and clopidogrel (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–1.09, padj = 0.17) or between ticagrelor and clopidogrel treated patients (HR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.65–1.15, padj = 0.31). In-hospital bleeding events were significantly less frequent in patients treated with ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel (HR: 0.37, 95% CI 0.20 -0.69, padj = 0.002) and not significantly different in patients treated with prasugrel vs. clopidogrel (HR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.43 -1.24, padj = 0.24). Conclusion This pooled sub-analysis is the largest analysis on safety and efficacy of three oral ADP-receptor antagonists and shows that acute therapy with either clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor is no independent predictor of 1-year mortality. Treatment with ticagrelor seems independently associated with less in-hospital moderate and severe bleeding events compared to clopidogrel. This finding might be due to selection bias and should be interpreted with caution. Graphic abstract
Published: 2021
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19. Sigh in Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and ARDS

Author: Tommaso Mauri, Giuseppe Foti, Carla Fornari, Giacomo Grasselli, Riccardo Pinciroli, Federica Lovisari, Daniela Tubiolo, Carlo Alberto Volta, Savino Spadaro, Roberto Rona, Egle Rondelli, Paolo Navalesi, Eugenio Garofalo, Rihard Knafelj, Vojka Gorjup, Riccardo Colombo, Andrea Cortegiani, Jian-Xin Zhou, Rocco D’Andrea, Italo Calamai, Ánxela Vidal González, Oriol Roca, Domenico Luca Grieco, Tomas Jovaisa, Dimitrios Bampalis, Tobias Becher, Denise Battaglini, Huiqing Ge, Mariana Luz, Jean-Michel Constantin, Marco Ranieri, Claude Guerin, Jordi Mancebo, Paolo Pelosi, Roberto Fumagalli, Laurent Brochard, Antonio Pesenti, null Plug working group of ESICM, Alessandra Papoff, Raffaele Di Fenza, Stefano Gianni, Elena Spinelli, Alfredo Lissoni, Chiara Abbruzzese, Alfio Bronco, Silvia Villa, Vincenzo Russotto, Arianna Iachi, Lorenzo Ball, Nicolò Patroniti, Rosario Spina, Romano Giuntini, Simone Peruzzi, Luca Salvatore Menga, Tommaso Fossali, Antonio Castelli, Davide Ottolina, Marina García-de-Acilu, Manel Santafè, Dirk Schädler, Norbert Weiler, Emilia Rosas Carvajal, César Pérez Calvo, Evangelia Neou, Yu-Mei Wang, Yi-Min Zhou, Federico Longhini, Andrea Bruni, Mariacristina Leonardi, Cesare Gregoretti, Mariachiara Ippolito, Zelia Milazzo, Lorenzo Querci, Serena Ranieri, Giulia Insom, Jernej Berden, Marko Noc, Ursa Mikuz, Matteo Arzenton, Marta Lazzeri, Arianna Villa, Bruna Brandão Barreto, Marcos Nogueira Oliveira Rios, Dimitri Gusmao-Flores, Mandeep Phull, Tom Barnes, Hussain Musarat, and Sara Conti
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, ARDS, business.industry, Pressure support ventilation, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Spontaneous breathing trial, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Randomized controlled trial, law, Anesthesia, Breathing, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Respiratory minute volume, Positive end-expiratory pressure, Tidal volume
Abstract: Background Sigh is a cyclic brief recruitment maneuver: previous physiologic studies showed that its use could be an interesting addition to pressure support ventilation to improve lung elastance, decrease regional heterogeneity, and increase release of surfactant. Research Question Is the clinical application of sigh during pressure support ventilation (PSV) feasible? Study Design and Methods We conducted a multicenter noninferiority randomized clinical trial on adult intubated patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure or ARDS undergoing PSV. Patients were randomized to the no-sigh group and treated by PSV alone, or to the sigh group, treated by PSV plus sigh (increase in airway pressure to 30 cm H2O for 3 s once per minute) until day 28 or death or successful spontaneous breathing trial. The primary end point of the study was feasibility, assessed as noninferiority (5% tolerance) in the proportion of patients failing assisted ventilation. Secondary outcomes included safety, physiologic parameters in the first week from randomization, 28-day mortality, and ventilator-free days. Results Two-hundred and fifty-eight patients (31% women; median age, 65 [54-75] years) were enrolled. In the sigh group, 23% of patients failed to remain on assisted ventilation vs 30% in the no-sigh group (absolute difference, –7%; 95% CI, –18% to 4%; P = .015 for noninferiority). Adverse events occurred in 12% vs 13% in the sigh vs no-sigh group (P = .852). Oxygenation was improved whereas tidal volume, respiratory rate, and corrected minute ventilation were lower over the first 7 days from randomization in the sigh vs no-sigh group. There was no significant difference in terms of mortality (16% vs 21%; P = .337) and ventilator-free days (22 [7-26] vs 22 [3-25] days; P = .300) for the sigh vs no-sigh group. Interpretation Among hypoxemic intubated ICU patients, application of sigh was feasible and without increased risk. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov ; No.: NCT03201263 ; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov
Published: 2021
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20. Extending Time to Reperfusion with Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia: A New Paradigm for Providing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to Remote ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients

Author: Huu Tam Truong, Ahmed Harhash, David Ho, Brian Ciurlino, Karl B. Kern, Nicole Smith, Marko Noc, Arielle Tran, Madhan Shanmugasundaram, and Paul Hsu
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Mild hypothermia, Swine, medicine.medical_treatment, Acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, Myocardial Infarction, Myocardial Reperfusion, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Hypothermia, Induced, Internal medicine, Fibrinolysis, medicine, Animals, Humans, ST segment, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Hypothermia, Infarct size, medicine.disease, Treatment Outcome, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cardiology, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the preferred treatment for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The goal is reperfusion within 90 minutes of first medical contact (FMC) or 120 minutes if transfer is needed. Otherwise, fibrinolytic therapy is recommended. Mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) (≤35°C) before coronary reperfusion decreases myocardial infarct size. If applied before reperfusion, hypothermia could potentially lengthen the FMC-reperfusion time without increasing infarct size. Thirty-six swine had their mid left anterior descending coronary artery acutely occluded. All animals had an initial 30 minutes of occlusion to simulate typical delay before seeking medical attention. Eighteen animals were studied under normothermic conditions with reperfusion after an additional 40 minutes (the porcine equivalent of a 120-minute clinical FMC to reperfusion time) and 18 were treated with hypothermia but not reperfused until another 80 minutes (clinical equivalent of 240 minutes). Primary outcome was myocardial infarct size (infarct/area at risk [AAR]) at 24 hours. The two groups differed in systemic temperature at the time of reperfusion (39.1°C ± 1.0°C vs. 35.5°C ± 0.7°C
Published: 2021
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21. Searching for a New Cooling Method to Reduce Infarct Size Beyond Primary PCI

Author: Ursa Mikuz, Misa Fister, and Marko Noc
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Myocardial Infarction, Infarct size, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Treatment Outcome, Text mining, Internal medicine, Conventional PCI, medicine, Cardiology, Humans, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2021
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22. Toward better understanding of coronary anatomy in refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Author: Marko Noc, Danilo Franco, and Tomaz Goslar
Subjects: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Emergency Medicine, Humans, Heart, Emergency Nursing, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Coronary Angiography, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Published: 2022

23. A practical risk score for early prediction of neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: MIRACLE2

Author: Nilesh Pareek, Marko Noc, Peter Kordis, Ajay M. Shah, Rachael T Fothergill, Nicholas Beckley-Hoelscher, Dominic Pimenta, Jonathan Byrne, Tim Lockie, Joanne Nevett, Philip MacCarthy, Anja Jazbec, Spela Tadel Kocjancic, and Sundeep Kalra
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, Area under the curve, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Logistic regression, Outcome (game theory), Out of hospital cardiac arrest, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk groups, Internal medicine, Early prediction, Clinical endpoint, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Aims The purpose of this study was to develop a practical risk score to predict poor neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA) for use on arrival to a Heart Attack Centre. Methods and results From May 2012 to December 2017, 1055 patients had OOHCA in our region, of whom 373 patients were included in the King’s Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry (KOCAR). We performed prediction modelling with multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of the primary outcome to derive a risk score. This was externally validated in two independent cohorts comprising 473 patients. The primary endpoint was poor neurological outcome at 6-month follow-up (Cerebral Performance Category 3–5). Seven independent predictors of outcome were identified: missed (unwitnessed) arrest, initial non-shockable rhythm, non-reactivity of pupils, age (60–80 years—1 point; >80 years—3 points), changing intra-arrest rhythms, low pH Conclusions The MIRACLE2 is a practical risk score for early accurate prediction of poor neurological outcome after OOHCA, which has been developed for simplicity of use on admission.
Published: 2020
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24. CRT-700.65 Percutaneous Femoral Closure After TAVR – Experience From MC Medicor

Author: Ales Pleskovic, Metka Zorc, Maja Rojko, Matjaz Span, Miladin Djordjevic, Nenad Danojevic, Natasa Cernic Suligoj, Flavio Ribichini, Oscar Mendiz, and Marko Noc
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2023
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25. MIRACLE

Author: Nilesh, Pareek, Nicholas, Beckley-Hoelscher, Ritesh, Kanyal, Antonio, Cannata, Peter, Kordis, Nicholas, Sunderland, Ali, Kirresh, Joanne, Nevett, Rachael, Fothergill, Ian, Webb, Rafal, Dworakowski, Narbeh, Melikian, Sundeep, Kalra, Thomas W, Johnson, Gianfranco, Sinagra, Serena, Rakar, Marko, Noc, Ajay M, Shah, Jonathan, Byrne, and Philip, MacCarthy
Subjects: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Treatment Outcome, Shock, Cardiogenic, Humans, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Angiography, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of performing immediate coronary angiography (CAG) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with stratification of predicted neurologic injury and cardiogenic shock on arrival to a center.The role of immediate CAG for patients with OHCA is unclear, which may in part be explained by the majority of patients dying of hypoxic brain injury.Between May 2012 and July 2020, patients from 5 European centers were included in the EUCAR (European Cardiac Arrest Registry). Patients were retrospectively classified into low vs high neurologic risk (MIRACLENine hundred twenty-six patients were included in the registry, with 405 (43.7%) in the low-risk group and 521 (56.3%) in the high-risk group. Immediate CAG was independently associated with improved survival with good neurologic outcome in the low MIRACLECombined classification of patients with OHCA with 12-lead electrocardiography, MIRACLE
Published: 2021

26. My stroke story

Author: Marko Noc
Subjects: Stroke, medicine.medical_specialty, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Viewpoint, business.industry, MEDLINE, Medicine, Humans, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.disease
Published: 2021

27. Long-Term Survival and Quality of Life in Non-Surgical Adult Patients Supported with Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Oxygenation

Author: Tomaž Cankar, Mihela Krepek, Marinos Kosmopoulos, Peter Radšel, Demetris Yannopoulos, Marko Noc, and Tomaž Goslar
Subjects: General Medicine, health-related quality of life, survival, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Abstract: Background: The use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) for hemodynamic support is on the rise. Not much is known about the impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and its complications on long-term survival and quality of life. Methods: In this single-center, cross-sectional study, we evaluated the survival and quality of life in patients treated with VA ECMO between May 2009 and July 2019. Follow-up was conducted between November 2019 and January 2020. Results: Overall, 118 patients were evaluated in this study. Of the 37 patients who were alive at hospital discharge, 32 answered the EuroQol-5 dimensional—5-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). For patients discharged alive from the hospital, mean survival was 8.1 years, 8.4 years for cardiogenic shock, and 5.0 years for patients with refractory cardiac arrest. EQ-5D-5L index value of ECMO survivors was not significantly different from the general age-matched population. Neurologic complications and major bleeding during index hospitalization limit long-term quality of life. Conclusions: Patients treated with VA ECMO have high in-hospital mortality, with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cardio-pulmonary resuscitation patients being at higher risk of early death. However, once discharged from the hospital, most patients remain alive with a reasonable quality of life.
Published: 2022
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28. A multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trial to assess the safety and effectiveness of cooling as an adjunctive therapy to percutaneous intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction: the COOL AMI EU Pivotal Trial: COOL AMI EU Pivotal Trial

Author: Adam Witkowski, Jan Z. Peruga, Misa Fister, Andrejs Erglis, Béla Merkely, Daniel Aradi, Imre Ungi, Milovan Petrovic, Thomas R. Keeble, Peter Blasko, Vladan Vukcevic, Bojan Stanetic, Marko Noc, John Davies, Bernhard Metzler, Gergely Nagy, Michael Holzer, Aleksandar N. Neskovic, Róbert Gábor Kiss, David Erlinge, Joško Bulum, Beata Średniawa, Iván Horváth, István Édes, Peep Laanmets, and Martin Hudec
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, Time Factors, Myocardial Infarction, law.invention, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, In patient, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, 03.02. Klinikai orvostan, Prospective Studies, Adverse effect, business.industry, Cardiogenic shock, Hypothermia, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Treatment Outcome, Conventional PCI, Cardiology, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite primary PCI (PPCI), ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can still result in large infarct size (IS). New technology with rapid intravascular cooling showed positive signals for reduction in IS in anterior STEMI. AIMS: We investigated the effectiveness and safety of rapid systemic intravascular hypothermia as an adjunct to PPCI in conscious patients, with anterior STEMI, without cardiac arrest. METHODS: Hypothermia was induced using the ZOLL™ Proteus™️ intravascular cooling system. After randomisation of 111 patients, 58 to hypothermia and 53 to control groups, the study was prematurely discontinued by the sponsor due to inconsistent patient logistics between the groups resulting in significantly longer total ischaemic delay in the hypothermia group (232 vs 188 minutes; p
Published: 2021

29. Tromboza lističev perkutano vstavljene aortne zaklopke: prikaz primera

Author: Oscar Mendiz, Branko Cvetičanin, Marko Noc, Metka Zorc, Nataša Černič Šuligoj, and Maja Rojko
Subjects: aortna stenoza, lcsh:R, tromboza lističev, antikoagulantno zdravljenje, lcsh:Medicine, perkutana vstavitev aortne zaklopke
Abstract: Prikazujemo 80-letnega bolnika, pri katerem smo odkrili simptomatsko degenerativno aortno stenozo (maksimalni gradient 58 mmHg, srednji gradient 38 mmHg, površina ustja 0,9 cm2) ter hemodinamsko pomembni stenozi debla leve koronarne arterije (LM) in leve descendentne arterije (LAD) z zmanjšano koronarno rezervo (0,72). Ker je bolnik zaradi starosti in degenerativne bolezni hrbtenice zavrnil srčno operacijo, smo najprej opravili perkutano koronarno intervencijo (PCI) na LM in LAD, v drugem posegu pa perkutano vstavili še samoraztezno biološko aortno zaklopko. Po posegu ni bilo pomembne aortne insuficence, srednji gradient pa je znašal 12 mmHg. Ob ultrazvočnem kontrolnem pregledu po 4 mesecih je gradient porastel na 23 mmHg, kar je sovpadalo s ponovo zmanjšano bolnikovo telesno zmogljivostjo. Zaradi suma na trombozo lističev aortne zaklopke smo opravili računalniško tomografijo aorte s kontrastom, ki je naš klinični sum potrdila. Pokazala je zadebljen levi in nekoronarni listič na bazi zaklopke z zmanjšanim odpiranjem. Ponovna stenoza v stentih LM in LAD ni bila prisotna. Bolniku smo ukinili acetilsalicilno kislino in ob klopidogrelu uvedli kronično antikoagulantno zdravljenje s kumarinom. Ultrazvočna preiskava po 4 mesecih je pokazala zmanjšanje srednjega gradient na aortni zaklopki na 9 mmHg, po nadaljnjih 3 mesecih antikoagulantnega zdravljenja pa je gradient znašal 12 mmHg. Bolniku smo zato ukinili antikoagulantno zdravljenje in ponovno uvedli acetilsalicilno kislino.
Published: 2019
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30. Long‐term transesophageal echocardiography after patent foramen ovale closure by BioSTAR and Amplatzer patent foramen ovale occluders

Author: Nataša Černič Šuligoj, Saibal Kar, Metka Zorc, Brina Suligoj, Maja Rojko, and Marko Noc
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cardiac Catheterization, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Septal Occluder Device, medicine.medical_treatment, Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional, Foramen Ovale, Patent, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Atrial cavity, Prosthesis Design, Pericardial effusion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Absorbable Implants, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, 030212 general & internal medicine, Embolization, Thrombus, business.industry, General Medicine, Color doppler, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Metal framework, Echocardiography, Doppler, Color, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Patent foramen ovale, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Echocardiography, Transesophageal, Shunt (electrical)
Abstract: OBJECTIVES To compare transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) findings after patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure by BioSTAR (NMT Medical Inc, Boston, MA) and Amplatzer PFO occluders (Abbott Vascular, Plymouth, MN). BACKGROUND PFO closure with a biodegradable device represents an attractive alternative to permanent devices. Long-term effectiveness and morphology after biodegradation remain unknown. METHODS Between February 2008 and June 2014, 49 patients received BioSTAR and 48 Amplatzer PFO occluder. TOE was performed after closure, at 6 months and beyond 2 years. RESULTS PFO features were comparable between the groups. Immediate effective closure (
Published: 2019
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31. Alternating bundle-branch block in acute coronary syndrome

Author: Misa Fister, Marko Noc, Matic Avsec, and Peter Radsel
Subjects: Acute coronary syndrome, medicine.medical_specialty, Bundle branch block, business.industry, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Kontext: Alternujici blokada leveho a praveho ramenka Tawarova (ramenkova blokada) casto "rozostřuje" ischemicke změny na elektrokardiogramu. I když se toho o alternujici blokadě leveho a praveho ramenka Tawarova přilis nevi, může být pro klinickou praxi významna. Kasuistika: Popisujeme připad muže s potvrzenou blokadou leveho Tawarova ramenka (left bundle-branch block, LBBB), u něhož při akutnim koronarnim syndromu doslo k rozvoji blokady praveho Tawarova ramenka (right bundle-branch block, RBBB). Koronarogram prokazal subtotalni proximalni stenozu ramus interventricularis anterior (RIA), ktera byla řesena implantaci stentu. Po perkutanni koronarni intervenci doslo k vymizeni RBBB a znovuobjeveni LBBB. Možným důvodem pro alternujici ramenkovou blokadu v popisovanem připadu je nový zdroj komorových impulsů po pocatecni farmakoterapii. Nově vznikla RBBB je zahadnou klinickou entitou, casto spojenou s akutnim infarktem myokardu. Blokadu praveho Tawarova ramenka lze přidat k infarktu myokardu s elevacemi useku ST jako rovnocennou indikaci k urgentni reperfuzni lecbě. Proc by si měl být lekař na odděleni urgentniho přijmu vědom popsane možnosti? Alternujici ramenkova blokada může ukazovat na reperfuzi, ktere vyžaduje změnu lecebneho postupu u pacienta s akutnim koronarnim syndromem. © 2019, CKS.
Published: 2019
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32. Outcome of conscious survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Author: Anja Jazbec, Spela Tadel Kocjancic, Eva Slapnik, Martin Rauber, Marko Noc, and Peter Radsel
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Myocardial ischemia, Consciousness, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Emergency Nursing, Return of spontaneous circulation, Out of hospital cardiac arrest, Time-to-Treatment, Cardiac resuscitation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Registries, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Shockable rhythm, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, surgical procedures, operative, Case-Control Studies, Emergency medicine, Cohort, Conventional PCI, Emergency Medicine, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Abstract: Only up to 20% of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) receive immediate and optimal initial cardiac resuscitation and consequently regain consciousness soon after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). In the present study, we compared the outcome of conscious survivors of OHCA presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in post-resuscitation electrocardiogram undergoing immediate invasive coronary strategy with randomly selected STEMI patients without preceding OHCA undergoing primary PCI.We conducted a single-centre registry-based analysis of all conscious OHCA survivors with STEMI over the last 10 year period. We gathered clinical and angiographic data and compared them with a randomly selected cohort of non-OHCA patients with STEMI within the same period. Patients were matched by sex, age and STEMI location.86 conscious survivors of OHCA were admitted between 2006 and 2016. OHCA was witnessed in all patients (85% EMS witnessed), and all patients presented with initial shockable rhythm. Clinical and angiographic features were well matched with randomly selected STEMI patients without OHCA presenting to our department within the same study period. Delay from symptoms to EMS arrival but not delay from EMS to PCI was significantly shorter in conscious OHCA survivors (1.2 ± 1.3 h vs 3.1 ± 3.8 h, p 0.001), yielding decreased total myocardial ischemic time (2.6 ± 1.3 h vs 4.6 ± 4.0 h, p 0.001). Hospital and 1-year survival with normal neurological condition in conscious survivors of OHCA (cerebral performance category 1) was excellent and numerically even better than survival of STEMI patients without OHCA.Conscious survivors of OHCA with STEMI have excellent survival if they undergo immediate invasive coronary strategy. Since there is no obvious post-resuscitation brain injury in this subgroup of OHCA patients, it is probably shorter duration of myocardial ischemia driven by shorter delay from symptoms to EMS arrival that contributes to the good outcome, which is at least similar to STEMI patients without OHCA.
Published: 2018
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33. Therapeutic Hypothermia in Cardiac Arrest

Author: Philip E. Empey, Chien-Hua Huang, Hans Friberg, and Marko Noc
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Text mining, business.industry, MEDLINE, Medicine, Hypothermia, medicine.symptom, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine
Published: 2018
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34. Comparison of risk prediction models in infarct-related cardiogenic shock

Author: Gilles Montalescot, Steffen Desch, Stephan Windecker, Keith G. Oldroyd, Georg Fuernau, David A. Baran, Ingo Eitel, Hans-Josef Feistritzer, Kurt Huber, Marko Noc, Janine Pöss, Holger Thiele, Taoufik Ouarrak, Anne Freund, Steffen Schneider, Uwe Zeymer, Roza Meyer-Saraei, Suzanne de Waha-Thiele, and Maria Gimenez Rubini
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cardiogenic shock, Area under the curve, Shock, Cardiogenic, General Medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Risk Assessment, SAPS II, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Registries, Stage (cooking), Simplified Acute Physiology Score, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Risk assessment, business, Predictive modelling
Abstract: Aims Several prediction models have been developed to allow accurate risk assessment and provide better treatment guidance in patients with infarct-related cardiogenic shock (CS). However, comparative data between these models are still scarce. The objective of the study is to externally validate different risk prediction models in infarct-related CS and compare their predictive value in the early clinical course. Methods and results The Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II Score, the CardShock score, the IABP-SHOCK II score, and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention (SCAI) classification were each externally validated in a total of 1055 patients with infarct-related CS enrolled into the randomized CULPRIT-SHOCK trial or the corresponding registry. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Discriminative power was assessed by comparing the area under the curves (AUC) in case of continuous scores. In direct comparison of the continuous scores in a total of 161 patients, the IABP-SHOCK II score revealed best discrimination [area under the curve (AUC = 0.74)], followed by the CardShock score (AUC = 0.69) and the SAPS II score, giving only moderate discrimination (AUC = 0.63). All of the three scores revealed acceptable calibration by Hosmer–Lemeshow test. The SCAI classification as a categorical predictive model displayed good prognostic assessment for the highest risk group (Stage E) but showed poor discrimination between Stages C and D with respect to short-term-mortality. Conclusion Based on the present findings, the IABP-SHOCK II score appears to be the most suitable of the examined models for immediate risk prediction in infarct-related CS. Prospective evaluation of the models, further modification, or even development of new scores might be necessary to reach higher levels of discrimination.
Published: 2021

35. Feasibility of early waking cardiac arrest patients whilst receiving therapeutic hypothermia: The therapeutic hypothermia and early waking (THAW) trial

Author: Sali Urovi, Richard Pottinger, Raghu Nalgirkar, Grigoris V. Karamasis, Vincenzo Caruso, Paul Kelly, Kare Tang, Jeremy Sayer, John R. Davies, Rajesh Aggarwal, Thomas R. Keeble, Konstantinos Stathogiannis, Gyanesh Namjoshi, Max Damian, Gerald J. Clesham, Marko Noc, Ramabhadran Kadayam, Kees H. Polderman, Christopher Cook, Reto Gamma, Kunal Waghmare, Noel Watson, Maria Maccaroni, Anirudda Pai, Matt Potter, Nicholas M Robinson, Rohan Jagathesan, and Alamgir Kabir
Subjects: Hyperthermia, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, Pilot Projects, Emergency Nursing, Return of spontaneous circulation, Targeted temperature management, law.invention, law, Hypothermia, Induced, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Aged, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Hypothermia, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Anesthesia, Cohort, Emergency Medicine, Feasibility Studies, Observational study, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Abstract: Aim: \ud To determine the safety and feasibility of an early (12 h) waking and extubation protocol for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients receiving targeted temperature management (TTM).\ud \ud Methods: \ud This was a single-centre, prospective, non-randomised, observational, safety and feasibility pilot study which included successfully resuscitated OHCA patients, of presumed cardiac cause. Inclusion criteria were: OHCA patients aged over 18 years with a return of spontaneous circulation, who were going to receive TTM33 (TTM at 33 °C for 24 h and prevention of hyperthermia for 72 h) as part of their post cardiac arrest care. Clinical stability was measured against physiological and neurological parameters as well as clinical assessment.\ud \ud Results:\ud 50 consecutive patients were included (median age 65.5 years, 82% male) in the study. Four (8%) patients died within the first twelve hours and were excluded from the final cohort (n = 46). Twenty-three patients (46%) were considered clinically stable and suitable for early waking based on the intention to treat analysis; 12 patients were extubated early based on a variety of clinical factors (21.4 ± 8.6 h) whilst continuing to receive TTM33 with a mean core temperature of 34.2 °C when extubated. Of these, five patients were discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU)
Published: 2021

36. Impact of Cusp-Overlap View for TAVR with Self-Expandable Valves on 30-Day Conduction Disturbances

Author: Carlos Fava, Luis Abel Gutiérrez Jaikel, Paul Gamboa, Gilbert H.L. Tang, Ales Pleskovic, León Valdivieso, Hemal Gada, Oscar Mendiz, Matias Sztejfman, and Marko Noc
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac Catheterization, Pacemaker, Artificial, Article Subject, Bundle-Branch Block, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, Postoperative Complications, Aortic valve replacement, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Stroke, Aged, business.industry, Self expandable, Left bundle branch block, Incidence (epidemiology), Aortic Valve Stenosis, Equipment Design, medicine.disease, Low volume, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Surgery, Computer-Assisted, Aortic Valve, Heart Valve Prosthesis, RC666-701, Cardiology, Cusp (anatomy), Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Complication, business, Research Article
Abstract: Background and Aim. Conduction disturbances leading to permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI) remains a common complication for TAVR procedures, particularly when self-expanding valves are used. We compared the 30-day incidence of new-onset left bundle branch block (LBBB) and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI) rate between two consecutive groups using either conventional 3-cusp coplanar view (CON) and right/left cusp-overlap view (COVL) for implantation. Methods and Results. We retrospectively compared 257 consecutive patients undergoing TAVR with self-expandable valves using either CON (n = 101) or COVL (n = 156) in four intermediate/low volume centers. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. The 30-day incidence of new-onset LBBB (12.9% vs. 5.8%; p = 0.05 ) and PPMI rate (17.8% vs. 6.4%; p = 0.004 ) was significantly lower when using the COVL implantation view. There was no difference between the CON and COVL groups in 30-day incidence of death (4.9% vs. 2.6%), any stroke (0% vs. 0.6%), and the need for surgical aortic valve replacement (0% for both groups). Conclusion. Using the COVL view for implantation, we achieved a significant reduction of the LBBB and PPMI rate after TAVR in comparison with the traditional CON view, without compromising the TAVR outcomes when using self-expandable prostheses.
Published: 2021

37. Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial of Early Coronary Angiography Versus No Early Coronary Angiography After Cardiac Arrest Without ST-Segment Elevation: The PEARL Study

Author: Karl B. Kern, David B. Seder, Dion Stub, Peter Radsel, Marko Noc, Rajesh Janardhanan, Kwan S. Lee, Kapildeo Lotun, Jacob C. Jentzer, and Chiu Hsieh Hsu
Subjects: Coronary angiography, Male, Resuscitation, medicine.medical_specialty, Internationality, Pilot Projects, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, Out of hospital cardiac arrest, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, ST segment, Humans, Prospective Studies, Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction, Aged, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Middle Aged, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Clinical trial, Early Diagnosis, Treatment Outcome, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background: The benefit of emergency coronary angiography after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is uncertain for patients without ST-segment elevation. The aim of this randomized trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early coronary angiography and to determine the prevalence of acute coronary occlusion in resuscitated patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest without ST-segment elevation. Methods: Adult (>18 years) comatose survivors without ST-segment elevation after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were prospectively randomized in a 1:1 fashion under exception to informed consent regulations to early coronary angiography versus no early coronary angiography in this multicenter study. Early angiography was defined as ≤120 minutes from arrival at the percutaneous coronary intervention–capable facility. The primary end point was a composite of efficacy and safety measures, including efficacy measures of survival to discharge, favorable neurologic status at discharge (Cerebral Performance Category score ≤2), echocardiographic measures of left ventricular ejection fraction >50%, and a normal regional wall motion score of 16 within 24 hours of admission. Adverse events included rearrest, pulmonary edema on chest x-ray, acute renal dysfunction, bleeding requiring transfusion or intervention, hypotension (systolic arterial pressure ≤90 mm Hg), and pneumonia. Secondary end points included the incidence of culprit vessels with acute occlusion. Results: The study was terminated prematurely before enrolling the target number of patients. A total of 99 patients were enrolled from 2015 to 2018, including 75 with initially shockable rhythms. Forty-nine patients were randomized to early coronary angiography. The primary end point of efficacy and safety was not different between the 2 groups (55.1% versus 46.0%; P =0.64). Early coronary angiography was not associated with any significant increase in survival (55.1% versus 48.0%; P =0.55) or adverse events (26.5% versus 26.0%; P =1.00). Early coronary angiography revealed a culprit vessel in 47%, with a total of 14% of patients undergoing early coronary angiography having an acutely occluded culprit coronary artery. Conclusions: This underpowered study, when considered together with previous clinical trials, does not support early coronary angiography for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest without ST elevation. Whether early detection of occluded potential culprit arteries leads to interventions that improve outcomes requires additional study. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02387398.
Published: 2020

38. Emergency veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO)-supported percutaneous interventions in refractory cardiac arrest and profound cardiogenic shock

Author: Marko Noc, Jus Ksela, Peter Radsel, Vojka Gorjup, Matjaz Bunc, and Tomaz Goslar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, Radiofrequency ablation, medicine.medical_treatment, Shock, Cardiogenic, Hemodynamics, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Emergency Nursing, Ventricular Function, Left, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Humans, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Cardiogenic shock, Percutaneous coronary intervention, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Stroke Volume, medicine.disease, Heart Arrest, surgical procedures, operative, Conventional PCI, Emergency Medicine, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Aims We investigated the spectrum of emergency veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO)-supported interventions including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and invasive electrophysiology (EP). Methods and results Between June 2010 and February 2020, 52 consecutive patients underwent VA ECMO implantation for refractory cardiac arrest (E-CPR) and 78 for profound cardiogenic shock. Percutaneous interventions on VA ECMO included PCI (n = 29), TAVI (n = 4) and EP (n = 1). Surgical interventions were cardiac (n = 36) or non-cardiac (n = 5). During PCI, ECMO flow was maintained at 2.7 ± 1.0 L/min. Of the 40 treated lesions, 48% were located on left anterior descending and 20% on the left main artery. An average 2.0 ± 1.8 DES/patient with diameter 3.2 ± 0.5 mm and stented length 41 ± 35 mm were implanted. PCI success was 83%. TAVI was performed in 4 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction 21 ± 10% and mean aortic valve gradient 41 ± 5 mmHg. After successful valve implantation supported by 1.4 ± 0.1 L/min ECMO flow, mean gradient decreased to 11 ± 5 mmHg without significant aortic regurgitation. In one patient radiofrequency ablation of His bundle followed by permanent pacemaker implantation was performed under ECMO flow of 2.8 L/min. Overall survival to hospital discharge with good neurological recovery was 29% in E-CPR and 44% in profound cardiogenic shock. Conclusions Our study showed feasibility and effectiveness of VA ECMO-supported percutaneous interventions in patients with profound hemodynamic collapse.
Published: 2020

39. Clinical Outcomes According to ECG Presentations in Infarct-Related Cardiogenic Shock in the Culprit Lesion Only PCI vs Multivessel PCI in Cardiogenic Shock Trial

Author: Michel Zeitouni, Ibrahim Akin, Steffen Desch, Olivier Barthélémy, Delphine Brugier, Jean-Philippe Collet, Suzanne de Waha-Thiele, John P. Greenwood, Paul Guedeney, Georges Hage, Marie Hauguel-Moreau, Kurt Huber, Mathieu Kerneis, Marko Noc, Keith G. Oldroyd, Jan J. Piek, Stéphanie Rouanet, Stefano Savonitto, Pranas Serpytis, Johanne Silvain, Janina Stepinska, Eric Vicaut, Christiaan J.M. Vrints, Stephan Windecker, Uwe Zeymer, Holger Thiele, Gilles Montalescot, Patrizia Torremante, Roza Meyer-Saraei, Ulrich Tebbe, Jochen Wöhrle, Otmar Pachinger, Clemens Busch, Nathalie Pfeiffer, Alexander Neumer, Steffen Schneider, Taoufik Ouarrak, Thomas Reimer, Christiane Lober, Peter Clemmensen, Ferenc Follath, Karl Wegscheider, O. Barthélémy, M. Zeitouni, P. Overtchouk, P. Guedeney, G. Hage, null Hauguel-Moreau, CULPRIT-SHOCK Trial Investigators, ACS - Microcirculation, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, and Cardiology
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Bundle-Branch Block, Myocardial Infarction, Shock, Cardiogenic, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Revascularization, STEMI, 03 medical and health sciences, Electrocardiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Culprit lesion, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, left bundle branch block, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, Risk factor, Aged, business.industry, Left bundle branch block, Cardiogenic shock, cardiogenic shock, Percutaneous coronary intervention, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, NSTEMI, 030228 respiratory system, Conventional PCI, Cardiology, Female, Human medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background The impact of ECG presentations of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in cardiogenic shock is unknown. Research Question In myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock, is there a difference in the outcomes and effect of revascularization strategies between non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and left bundle branch block myocardial infarction (LBBBMI) vs ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)? Study Design and Methods Cardiogenic shock patients from the CULPRIT-SHOCK trial with NSTEMI or LBBBMI were compared with STEMI patients for 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality. The interaction between ECG presentation and the effect of revascularization strategies on outcomes was evaluated. Results Of 665 cardiogenic shock patients analyzed, 55.9% demonstrated STEMI, 29.3% demonstrated NSTEMI, and 14.7% demonstrated LBBBMI. Patients differed in mean age (68.0 years in STEMI patients, 71.0 years in NSTEMI patients, and 73.5 years in LBBBMI patients; P = .015), cardiovascular risk factors, and angiographic severity. No difference was found in the 30-day risk of death between NSTEMI and STEMI patients (48.7% vs 43.0%; adjusted OR [aOR], 1.05; 95% CI, 0.66-1.67; P = .85), nor between LBBBMI and STEMI patients (59.2% vs 43.0%; aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.73-2.34; P = .36). Although the univariate risk of death by 1 year was higher in NSTEMI and LBBBMI patients compared with STEMI patients, ECG presentation was not an independent risk factor of mortality after adjustment (NSTEMI vs STEMI: 56.4% vs 46.8%; aOR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.76-1.92; P = .42; LBBBMI vs STEMI: 69.4% vs 46.8%; aOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.89-2.84; P = .12). ECG presentation did not modify the effect of the revascularization strategy on 30-day and 1-year mortality (P = .91 and P = .97 for interaction). Interpretation In patients with cardiogenic shock, NSTEMI and LBBBMI presentations reflect higher-risk profiles than STEMI presentations, but are not independent risk factors of mortality. ECG presentations did not modify the treatment effect, supporting culprit-lesion-only percutaneous coronary intervention as the preferred strategy across the AMI spectrum.
Published: 2020

40. Prognostic Impact of Active Mechanical Circulatory Support in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction, Results from the Culprit-Shock Trial

Author: Steffen Desch, Steffen Schneider, Holger Thiele, S De Waha-Thiele, Janine Poess, Anne Freund, Kurt Huber, Uwe Zeymer, Taoufik Ouarrak, Janina Stępińska, Ingo Eitel, Marko Noc, Georg Fuernau, and Hans-Josef Feistritzer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, mechanical circulatory support, business.industry, Cardiogenic shock, cardiogenic shock, lcsh:R, acute myocardial infarction, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease, Culprit, Article, humanities, prognosis, Internal medicine, Shock (circulatory), Circulatory system, medicine, Cardiology, Myocardial infarction, ddc:610, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Objectives: To analyze the use and prognostic impact of active mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices in a large prospective contemporary cohort of patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Background: Although increasingly used in clinical practice, data on the efficacy and safety of active MCS devices in patients with CS complicating AMI are limited. Methods: This is a predefined subanalysis of the CULPRIT-SHOCK randomized trial and prospective registry. Patients with CS, AMI and multivessel coronary artery disease were categorized in two groups: (1) use of at least one active MCS device vs. (2) no active MCS or use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) only. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death or renal replacement therapy at 30 days. Results: Two hundred of 1055 (19%) patients received at least one active MCS device (n = 112 Impella®, n = 95 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), n = 6 other devices). The primary endpoint occurred significantly more often in patients treated with active MCS devices compared with those without active MCS devices (142 of 197, 72% vs. 374 of 827, 45%, p &lt, 0.001). All-cause mortality and bleeding rates were significantly higher in the active MCS group (all p &lt, 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, the use of active MCS was significantly associated with the primary endpoint (odds ratio (OR) 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7–5.9, 0.001). Conclusions: In the CULPRIT-SHOCK trial, active MCS devices were used in approximately one fifth of patients. Patients treated with active MCS devices showed worse outcome at 30 days and 1 year.
Published: 2020

41. Frequency and Impact of Bleeding on Outcome in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock

Author: Marko Noc, Uwe Zeymer, Hans-Josef Feistritzer, Steffen Schneider, Roza Meyer-Saraei, Alexander Jobs, Steffen Desch, Suzanne de Waha-Thiele, Holger Thiele, Gilles Montalescot, Kurt Huber, Philipp Lurz, Anne Freund, Stephan Windecker, Taoufik Ouarrak, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Universität zu Lübeck [Lübeck], Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Bern University Hospital [Berne] (Inselspital)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Myocardial Infarction, Shock, Cardiogenic, acute myocardial infarction, Hemorrhage, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Revascularization, Risk Assessment, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Assisted Circulation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Aged, business.industry, Cardiogenic shock, Hazard ratio, cardiogenic shock, Atrial fibrillation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, bleeding, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Ventricular fibrillation, Conventional PCI, Cardiology, Female, revascularization, Heart-Assist Devices, prognosis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: This study sought to determine frequency, associated factors, and impact of bleeding in infarct-related cardiogenic shock.Background: Early revascularization is associated with improved survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. On the downside, invasive treatment and accompanying antithrombotic therapies are associated with an increased bleeding risk. Prospective data assessing the incidence, severity, risk factors, and prognostic implication of bleeding in patients with cardiogenic shock are scarce.Methods: As a pre-defined subanalysis of the CULPRIT-SHOCK (PCI Strategies in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock) randomized trial, we examined distribution of bleeding events in 684 patients with infarct-related cardiogenic shock and compared patients with any bleeding to those without.Results: A total of 21.5% patients experienced at least 1 bleeding event until 30 days after randomization. The vast majority of bleeding (57%) occurred within the first 2 days of hospitalization. Patients with bleeding had prolonged catecholamine treatment and mechanical ventilation and there was a significant association with sepsis, peripheral ischemic complications, new atrial fibrillation, and ventricular fibrillation. In multivariable analysis, bleeding was associated with a significantly higher mortality (hazard ratio: 2.11; 95% confidence interval: 1.63 to 2.75; p < 0.0001). Treatment with active mechanical support by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or Impella emerged as the major risk factor for bleeding.Conclusions: Risk of bleeding in infarct-related cardiogenic shock is high and associated with increased mortality.
Published: 2020
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42. A Practical Risk-Score for Early Prediction of Neurological Outcome after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest –MIRA2CLE2

Author: Jonathan Byrne, Tim Lockie, Spela Tadel Kocjancic, Philip MacCarthy, Marko Noc, Dominic Pimenta, Rachael T Fothergill, Sundeep Kalra, Anja Jazbec, Nicholas Beckley-Hoelscher, Nilesh Pareek, Ajay M. Shah, Joanne Nevett, and Peter Kordis
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Primary outcome, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, Early prediction, Neurological function, Emergency medicine, Medicine, Logistic regression, business, Outcome (game theory), Out of hospital cardiac arrest
Abstract: AimsThe purpose of this study was to develop a practical risk−score to predict poor neurological outcome after out−of−hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA) for use on arrival to a Heart Attack Centre.Methods and ResultsBetween May 2012 and December 2017, 1055 patients had OOHCA in our region, of whom 373 patients were included in the King's Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry (KOCAR). We performed prediction modelling with multi-variable logistic regression to identify factors independently predictive of the primary outcome in order to derive a risk score. This was externally validated in two independent cohorts comprising 474 patients. The primary outcome was poor neurological function at 6−month follow−up (Cerebral Performance Category 3-−). Seven independent variables for prediction of outcome were identified: Missed (Unwitnessed) arrest, Initial non-shockable rhythm, non-Reactivity of pupils, Age, Changing intra-arrest rhythms, Low pHConclusionsThe MIRA2CLE2 score is a practical risk score for early accurate prediction of poor neurological outcome after OOHCA, which has been developed for simplicity of use on admission to a Heart Attack Centre.
Published: 2020
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43. Effects of endovascular cooling on infarct size in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A patient-level pooled analysis from randomized trials

Author: Cindy L. Grines, William W. O'Neill, Michael W. Dae, Michael Holzer, Marko Noc, David Erlinge, Simon R. Dixon, and Anne Dee
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Randomization, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, ST segment, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Middle Aged, Hypothermia, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Conventional PCI, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objectives: This study sought to examine the relationship between temperature at reperfusion and infarct size. Background: Hypothermia consistently reduces infarct size when administered prior to reperfusion in animal studies, however, clinical results have been inconsistent. Methods: We performed a patient-level pooled analysis from six randomized control trials of endovascular cooling during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 629 patients in which infarct size was assessed within 1 month after randomization by either single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMR). Results: In anterior infarct patients, after controlling for variability between studies, mean infarct size in controls was 21.3 (95%CI 17.4-25.3) and in patients with hypothermia
Published: 2017
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44. Prophylactic versus clinically-driven antibiotics in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest—A randomized pilot study

Author: Primoz Gradisek, Tomislav Mirkovic, Suada Filekovic Ribaric, Rade Stanic, Vojka Gorjup, Marko Noc, Ognjen Cerovic, Rihard Knafelj, and Matjaz Turel
Subjects: Male, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Pilot Projects, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Emergency Nursing, Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, Procalcitonin, Out of hospital cardiac arrest, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bronchoscopy, law, Humans, Medicine, Coma, Aged, Infection Control, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Middle Aged, Hypothermia, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Anti-Bacterial Agents, White blood count, Pneumonia, Anesthesia, Emergency Medicine, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Abstract: To investigate benefits of prophylactic antibiotics in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).Patients without evidence of tracheobronchial aspiration on admission bronchoscopy were randomized to prophylactic Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid 1.2g every 8h (P) or clinically-driven antibiotics (C) administered if signs of infection developed during initial 7days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay.Among 83 patients enrolled between September 2013 and February 2015, tracheobronchial aspiration was documented in 23 (28%). Accordingly, 60 patients were randomized. Percentage of patients on antibiotics between days 1-5 was significantly greater in P group. White blood count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT) and CD 64 significantly increased during the postresuscitation phase. Except for lower CRP and PCT in group P on day 6 (p0.05), there was no significant differences. Mini BAL on day 3 was less often positive in group P (7% vs. 42%; p0.01). There was no significant difference in other microbiological samples and X-ray signs of pneumonia cumulatively documented in 50% in both groups. Use of vasopressors/inotropes (93% in both groups), duration of mechanical ventilation (5.4±3.7 vs. 5.2±3.1 days), tracheal intubation (6.5±4.6 vs. 5.9±4.3 days), ICU stay (7.7±5.2 vs. 6.9±4.5 days), survival (73% vs. 73%) and survival with good neurological outcome (50% vs. 40%) were also comparable between P and C groups.Bronchoscopy on admission documented tracheobronchial aspiration in 28% of comatose survivors of OHCA. In the absence of aspiration, prophylactic antibiotics did not significantly alter systemic inflammatory response, postresuscitation pneumonia, ICU treatment and outcome (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02899507).
Published: 2017
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45. Emergency percutaneous implantation of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the catheterisation laboratory

Author: Peter Radsel, Rihard Knafelj, Klemen Steblovnik, Misa Fister, Tomaz Goslar, Vojka Gorjup, Marko Noc, and Alenka Golicnik
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, medicine.medical_treatment, Shock, Cardiogenic, Hemorrhage, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Catheterization, Veins, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Cardiogenic shock, Retrospective cohort study, Arteries, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cannula, Intensive care unit, Heart Arrest, Surgery, Dissection, Shock (circulatory), Female, Emergencies, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Aims Our aim was to describe our protocol for emergency percutaneous implantation of femoral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) in the catheterisation laboratory and to compare its effectiveness and safety with implantation in the intensive care unit and the operating room. Methods and results Our retrospective observational study enrolled 56 consecutive patients undergoing VA ECMO implantation in the catheterisation laboratory (n=23), the intensive care unit (n=8) and the operating room (n=25). Among patients undergoing catheterisation laboratory implantation, 11 patients had profound cardiogenic shock but preserved arterial pulsations, and 12 patients had refractory cardiac arrest undergoing automated mechanical chest compression. Using our fluoroscopy-guided protocol, arterial and venous cannulas were successfully implanted and the desired ECMO flow obtained in each patient. There was no vessel perforation/dissection. Moderate/severe GUSTO or BARC 3 and 5 bleeding occurred in 13%. Ipsilateral limb ischaemia occurred in one of eight patients (13%) with upfront perfusion sheath implantation, and in two of three patients (75%) in whom this strategy was not used (p=0.15). There was no infection at the site of cannula implantation. Complications related to implantation in the catheterisation laboratory were comparable to surgical implantation in the operating room and percutaneous implantation in the intensive care unit using ultrasound guidance. Conclusions Fluoroscopy-guided emergency implantation of femoral VA ECMO by an interventional cardiologist in the catheterisation laboratory is effective and safe for both patients in cardiogenic shock and those in refractory cardiac arrest.
Published: 2016
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46. Impact of mild therapeutic hypothermia on bioavailability of ticagrelor in patients with acute myocardial infarction after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Author: Michał Piotr Marszałł, Marko Noc, Jacek Kubica, Jakub Ratajczak, Wiktor Dariusz Sroka, Piotr Adamski, Przemysław Sobczak, Klemen Steblovnik, Katarzyna Buszko, and Julia M. Umińska
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Resuscitation, Ticagrelor, medicine.medical_treatment, Cmax, Myocardial Infarction, Biological Availability, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Clinical Cardiology, Loading dose, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Hypothermia, Induced, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Prospective Studies, business.industry, fungi, Percutaneous coronary intervention, General Medicine, Hypothermia, medicine.disease, Treatment Outcome, Conventional PCI, Cardiology, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) frequently occurs in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Survivors require percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with concomitant dual antiplatelet therapy. Target temperature management, including mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH), should be applied in comatose patients after resuscitation. However, an increased risk of stent thrombosis in patients undergoing hypothermia is observed. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of MTH on pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in cardiac arrest survivors with MI treated with MTH and PCI. Methods: In a prospective, observational, single-center study pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor were evaluated in 41 MI patients, including 11 patients after OHCA undergoing MTH (MTH group) and 30 MI patients without OHCA and MTH (no-MTH group). Blood samples were drawn before administration of a 180 mg ticagrelor loading dose, and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after the loading dose. Results: In patients treated with MTH total exposure to ticagrelor during the first 12 h after the loading dose and maximal plasma concentration of ticagrelor were significantly lower than in the no-MTH group (AUC(0–12): 3403 ± 2879 vs. 8746 ± 5596 ng·h/mL, difference: 61%, p = 0.01; Cmax: 475 ± 353 vs. 1568 ± 784 ng/mL, p = 0.0002). Time to achieve maximal ticagrelor plasma concentration was also delayed in the MTH group (tmax for ticagrelor: 12 [6–24] vs. 4 [2–12] h, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Bioavailability of ticagrelor was substantially decreased and delayed in MI patients treated with MTH after OHCA. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02611934
Published: 2019

47. Studies Targeting Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Author: Patrick D. Lyden, Michael W. Dae, Michael C. Kurz, and Marko Noc
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, MEDLINE, Myocardial Infarction, Hypothermia, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Body Temperature, Stroke, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hypothermia, Induced, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, medicine.symptom, business
Published: 2019

48. Successful use of percutaneous ECMO and intra-aortic balloon support for a rescue valve in valve TAVR procedure in a patient in cardiogenic shock

Author: Marko Noc, Vojka Gorjup, Alenka Golicnik, and Matjaz Bunc
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, business.industry, Internal medicine, Cardiogenic shock, Cardiology, Medicine, Balloon, business, medicine.disease, Valve in valve
Published: 2019
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49. Usefulness of Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Counterpulsation

Author: Navin K. Kapur, Marko Noc, Manesh R. Patel, Nico H.J. Pijls, Divaka Perera, Lokien X. van Nunen, and Cardiovascular Biomechanics
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Myocardial Infarction, Shock, Cardiogenic, MEDLINE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Animals, Humans, Autoregulation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, education, Intensive care medicine, Intra-aortic balloon pump, education.field_of_study, business.industry, medicine.disease, Myocardial infarction complications, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation is the most widely used mechanical circulatory support device because of its ease of use, low complication rate, and fast manner of insertion. Its benefit is still subject of debate, and a considerable gap exists between guidelines and clinical practice. Retrospective nonrandomized studies and animal experiments show benefits of IABP therapy. However, recent large randomized trials do not show benefit of IABP therapy, which has led to a downgrading in the guidelines. In our view, this dichotomy between trials and practice might be the result of insufficient understanding of the prerequisites needed for effective IABP therapy, that is, exhausted autoregulation, and of not including the right patient population in trials. The population included in recent large randomized trials has been heterogeneous, also including patients in whom benefit of IABP could not be expected. The clinical condition in which most benefit is expected, that is persistent ischemia in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, is discussed in this review. In conclusion, this review aims to explain the physiological principles needed for effective IABP therapy, to reflect critically on the large randomized trials, and to solve some of the controversies in this field.Appropriate use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation has been subject to heavy debate over the past years.1, 2, 3 and 4 Use of IABP is generally confined to 3 groups of patients, that is, high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), acute myocardial infarction, and cardiogenic shock. There have been large randomized trials for all 3 indications, which will be discussed in the following sections. However, before analyzing these trials in detail, it is mandatory to better understand the presumed physiological principles of IABP counterpulsation and the prerequisites needed for adequate effect (or absence of effect) of IABP.
Published: 2016
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50. Can we predict the extent of neurological damage after cardiac arrest?

Author: Spela Tadel Kocjancic, Anja Jazbec, Peter Radsel, and Marko Noc
Subjects: Emergency Medicine, Emergency Nursing, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2020
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