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1. Familial Resemblance in Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Response to Statins in the Danish Population

Author: Giulia Corn, Marie Lund, Mark A. Hlatky, Jan Wohlfahrt, and Mads Melbye
Subjects: familial environment, genetic, inheritance, LDL‐C, statin response, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background Change in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) level after statin initiation varies widely among individuals, and in part may be because of factors shared by family members. Methods and Results We used the Danish national registers to identify 89 006 individuals who initiated statins between 2008 and 2018 and had LDL‐C measured immediately before and after the start of treatment. Among these, we identified 5148 first‐degree relatives and 3198 spouses. We decomposed the variation in attained LDL‐C level after statin initiation by applying a mixed‐effect model with 5 variance components (inter‐family and inter‐individual variance in pre‐statin LDL‐C level, inter‐family and inter‐individual variance in statin response, and residual variance). Results were presented as a percentage of the total variance explained by the different variance components. We found that half of the variation in attained LDL‐C level after statin initiation consisted of variance in statin response, approximately one third of variance in pre‐statin LDL‐C level, and the remaining 10% to 15% of residual variance. While the inter‐individual variance in statin response accounted for almost half of the LDL‐C variation in both cohorts, the inter‐family variance in statin response accounted for 3.3% among first‐degree relatives and for 6.0% among spouses. Conclusions Individual factors account for most of the variation in LDL‐C level after statin initiation; factors affecting statin response common within spouses and first‐degree relatives account for a similar share of variation. These results suggest a modest influence of shared genetics and shared familial environment on statin response.
Published: 2022
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2. Impact of socioeconomic position on initiation of SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes – a Danish nationwide observational study

Author: Alexander C. Falkentoft, Julie Andersen, Mariam Elmegaard Malik, Christian Selmer, Peter Haulund Gæde, Peter Bisgaard Staehr, Mark A. Hlatky, Emil Fosbøl, Lars Køber, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Gunnar H. Gislason, Thomas Alexander Gerds, Morten Schou, Niels E. Bruun, and Anne-Christine Ruwald
Subjects: Type 2 diabetes, Cardiovascular disease, SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, Income, Education, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Low socioeconomic position may affect initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucacon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We examined the association between socioeconomic position and initiation of SGLT-2i or GLP-1RA in patients with T2D at time of first intensification of antidiabetic treatment. Methods: Through nationwide registers, we identified all Danish patients on metformin who initiated second-line add-on therapy between December 10, 2012, and December 31, 2020. For each time period (2012-2014, 2015-2017, and 2018-2020), we used multivariable multinomial logistic regression to associate disposable income, as proxy for socioeconomic position, with the probability of initiating a specific second-line treatment at time of first intensification. We reported probabilities standardised to the distribution of demographics and comorbidities of patients included in the last period (2018-2020). Findings: We included 48915 patients (median age 62 years; 61·7% men). In each time period, high-income patients were more often men and had less comorbidities as compared with low income-patients. In each time period, the standardised probability of initiating a SGLT-2i or a GLP-1RA was significantly higher in the highest income group compared with the lowest: 11·4% vs. 9·5% (probability ratio [PR] 1·21, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1·01-1·44) in 2012-2014; 22·6% vs. 19.6% (PR 1·15, CI 1·05-1·27) in 2015-2017; and 65·8% vs. 54·8% (PR 1·20, CI 1·16-1·24) in 2018-2020. The differences by income were consistent across multiple subgroups. Interpretation: Despite a universal healthcare system, low socioeconomic position was consistently associated with a lower probability of initiating a SGLT-2i or a GLP-1RA. These disparities may widen the future socioeconomic gap in cardiovascular outcomes. Funding: The work was funded by unrestricted grants from ‘Region Sjaelland Den Sundhedsvidenskabelige Forskningsfond’ and ‘Murermester Lauritz Peter Christensen og hustru Kirsten Sigrid Christensens Fond’.
Published: 2022
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3. Unmet need for hypercholesterolemia care in 35 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study of nationally representative surveys

Author: Maja E. Marcus, Cara Ebert, Pascal Geldsetzer, Michaela Theilmann, Brice Wilfried Bicaba, Glennis Andall-Brereton, Pascal Bovet, Farshad Farzadfar, Mongal Singh Gurung, Corine Houehanou, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Joao S. Martins, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Bolormaa Norov, Sarah Quesnel-Crooks, Roy Wong-McClure, Justine I. Davies, Mark A. Hlatky, Rifat Atun, Till W. Bärnighausen, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, and Sebastian Vollmer
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Background As the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), detailed evidence is urgently needed to guide the response of health systems to this epidemic. This study sought to quantify unmet need for hypercholesterolemia care among adults in 35 LMICs. Methods and findings We pooled individual-level data from 129,040 respondents aged 15 years and older from 35 nationally representative surveys conducted between 2009 and 2018. Hypercholesterolemia care was quantified using cascade of care analyses in the pooled sample and by region, country income group, and country. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as (i) total cholesterol (TC) ≥240 mg/dL or self-reported lipid-lowering medication use and, alternatively, as (ii) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥160 mg/dL or self-reported lipid-lowering medication use. Stages of the care cascade for hypercholesterolemia were defined as follows: screened (prior to the survey), aware of diagnosis, treated (lifestyle advice and/or medication), and controlled (TC Conclusions Cascade performance was poor across all stages, indicating large unmet need for hypercholesterolemia care in this sample of LMICs—calling for greater policy and research attention toward this cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor and highlighting opportunities for improved prevention of CVD. Maja Marcus and colleagues use nationally-representative surveys conducted between 2009 and 2018 to investigate the unmet need for hypercholesterolemia care in 35 low- and middle-income countries. Author summary Why was this study done? The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Evidence on how well health systems address this rising hypercholesterolemia burden is limited. Nationally representative studies analyzing care at the individual level across a larger number of LMICs are largely missing. What did the researchers do and find? We analyzed access to hypercholesterolemia care using pooled data from 35 nationally representative, individual-level surveys from LMICs. We found a prevalence of high total cholesterol (TC) of 7.1% (95% CI: 6.8% to 7.4%) and a high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) prevalence of 7.5% (95% CI: 7.1% to 7.9%) in this set of countries. Using a cascade of care approach, we found that 43% (95% CI: 40% to 45%) of individuals with high TC and 47% (95% CI: 44% to 50%) with high LDL-C ever had their cholesterol measured prior to the survey. About 31% (95% CI: 29% to 33%) and 36% (95% CI: 33% to 38%) were aware of their diagnosis; 29% (95% CI: 28% to 31%) and 33% (95% CI: 31% to 36%) were treated; 7% (95% CI: 6% to 9%) and 19% (95% CI: 18% to 21%) were controlled. Using modified Poisson regression models, we found that access to care was significantly associated with a range of sociodemographic characteristics, such as high education and old age, as well as with the presentation of other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as comorbid diabetes or hypertension and a high body mass index. What do these findings mean? We found large unmet need for hypercholesterolemia care in this sample of LMICs. This calls for greater policy and research attention toward this CVD risk factor. High-performing countries, such as Sri Lanka, Costa Rica, Iran, and Morocco, may highlight policy opportunities for improved prevention of CVD. The main limitations of this study are a potential recall bias in self-reported information on received health services as well as diminished comparability due to varying survey years and varying lipid guideline application across country and clinical settings.
Published: 2021

4. Randomized comparison of chest pain evaluation with FFRCT or standard care: Factors determining US costs

Author: Mark A. Hlatky, Sam Wilding, Beth Stuart, Zoe Nicholas, James Shambrook, Zina Eminton, Kim Fox, Derek Connolly, Peter O'Kane, Alex Hobson, Anoop Chauhan, Neal Uren, Gerry P. Mccann, Colin Berry, Justin Carter, Carl Roobottom, Mamas Mamas, Ronak Rajani, Ian Ford, Pamela S. Douglas, and Nick Curzen
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2023

5. Serial 7-Day Electrocardiogram Patch Screening for AF in High-Risk Older Women by the CHARGE-AF Score

Author: Jeffrey Y. Lin, Joseph Larson, Jenny Schoenberg, Alejandra Sepulveda, Lesley Tinker, Matthew Wheeler, Christine Albert, JoAnn E. Manson, Gretchen Wells, Lisa W. Martin, Victor Froelicher, Mike LaMonte, Charles Kooperberg, Mark A. Hlatky, Philip Greenland, Marcia L. Stefanick, and Marco V. Perez
Subjects: Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke. The yield of serial electrocardiographic (ECG) screening for AF is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of AF detected by serial, 7-day ECG patch screenings in older women identified as having an elevated risk of AF according to the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology)-AF clinical prediction score. METHODS: Postmenopausal women with a 5-year predicted risk of new-onset AF ≥5% according to CHARGE-AF were recruited from the ongoing WHISH (Women’s Health Initiative Strong and Healthy) randomized trial of a physical activity intervention. Participants with AF at baseline by self-report or medical records review were excluded. Screening with 7-day ECG patch monitors was performed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months from study enrollment. RESULTS: On baseline monitoring, 2.5% of the cohort had AF detected, increasing to 3.7% by 6 months and 4.9% cumulatively by 12 months. Yield of patch screening was higher among participants with a higher (≥10%) CHARGE-AF score: 4.2% had AF detected at baseline, 5.9% at 6 months, and 7.2% at 12 months. Most participants with patch-identified AF never had a clinical diagnosis of AF (36 of 46 [78%]). CONCLUSIONS: Older women with an elevated CHARGE-AF score had a high prevalence of AF on 7-day ECG patch screening. Serial screening over 12 months substantially increased the detection of AF. These data can be useful in helping identify high-risk participants for enrollment in future studies of the management of asymptomatic AF.(Women’s Health Initiative Silent Atrial Fibrillation Recording Study [WHISH STAR]; NCT05366803.)
Published: 2022

6. Men who live alone have worse anticoagulation control: A Danish registry study

Author: Anders Nissen Bonde, Jenny Bjerre, Marco Proietti, Gregory YH Lip, Gunnar Gislason, and Mark A Hlatky
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Men living alone may have particular difficulty in managing chronic medical conditions. Anticoagulation control, a sensitive indicator of self-management, was significantly worse among men living alone.
Published: 2023

7. Quality of Life After Fractional Flow Reserve–Guided PCI Compared With Coronary Bypass Surgery

Author: William F, Fearon, Frederik M, Zimmermann, Victoria Y, Ding, Jo M, Zelis, Zsolt, Piroth, Giedrius, Davidavicius, Samer, Mansour, Rajesh, Kharbanda, Nikolaos, Östlund-Papadogeorgos, Keith G, Oldroyd, Olaf, Wendler, Michael J, Reardon, Y Joseph, Woo, Alan C, Yeung, Nico H J, Pijls, Bernard, De Bruyne, Manisha, Desai, and Mark A, Hlatky
Subjects: Canada, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Treatment Outcome, surgical procedures, operative, Physiology (medical), Quality of Life, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Coronary Artery Bypass, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Aged
Abstract: Background: Previous studies have shown that quality of life improves after coronary revascularization more so after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) than after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fractional flow reserve guidance and current generation, zotarolimus drug-eluting stents on quality of life after PCI compared with CABG. Methods: The FAME 3 trial (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) is a multicenter, international trial including 1500 patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease who were randomly assigned to either CABG or fractional flow reserve–guided PCI. Quality of life was measured using the European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire at baseline and 1 and 12 months. The Canadian Cardiovascular Class angina grade and working status were assessed at the same time points and at 6 months. The primary objective was to compare EQ-5D summary index at 12 months. Secondary end points included angina grade and work status. Results: The EQ-5D summary index at 12 months did not differ between the PCI and CABG groups (difference, 0.001 [95% CI, –0.016 to 0.017]; P =0.946). The trajectory of EQ-5D during the 12 months differed ( P Conclusions: In the FAME 3 trial, quality of life after fractional flow reserve–guided PCI with current generation drug-eluting stents compared with CABG was similar at 1 year. The rate of significant angina was low in both groups and not significantly different. The trajectory of improvement in quality of life was significantly better after PCI, as was working status in those Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02100722.
Published: 2022

8. 2022 ACC/AHA/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure

Author: Paul A. Heidenreich, Biykem Bozkurt, David Aguilar, Larry A. Allen, Joni J. Byun, Monica M. Colvin, Anita Deswal, Mark H. Drazner, Shannon M. Dunlay, Linda R. Evers, James C. Fang, Savitri E. Fedson, Gregg C. Fonarow, Salim S. Hayek, Adrian F. Hernandez, Prateeti Khazanie, Michelle M. Kittleson, Christopher S. Lee, Mark S. Link, Carmelo A. Milano, Lorraine C. Nnacheta, Alexander T. Sandhu, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Orly Vardeny, Amanda R. Vest, Clyde W. Yancy, Joshua A. Beckman, Patrick T. O'Gara, Sana M. Al-Khatib, Anastasia L. Armbruster, Kim K. Birtcher, Joaquin E. Cigarroa, Lisa de las Fuentes, Dave L. Dixon, Lee A. Fleisher, Federico Gentile, Zachary D. Goldberger, Bulent Gorenek, Norrisa Haynes, Mark A. Hlatky, José A. Joglar, W. Schuyler Jones, Joseph E. Marine, Daniel B. Mark, Debabrata Mukherjee, Latha P. Palaniappan, Mariann R. Piano, Tanveer Rab, Erica S. Spatz, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, and Y. Joseph Woo
Subjects: Heart Failure, Research Report, Cardiology, Humans, American Heart Association, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, United States
Abstract: The "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" replaces the "2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" and the "2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure." The 2022 guideline is intended to provide patient-centric recommendations for clinicians to prevent, diagnose, and manage patients with heart failure.A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 2020 to December 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant clinical trials and research studies, published through September 2021, were also considered. This guideline was harmonized with other American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines published through December 2021.Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The 2022 heart failure guideline provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence for the treatment of these patients. The recommendations present an evidence-based approach to managing patients with heart failure, with the intent to improve quality of care and align with patients' interests. Many recommendations from the earlier heart failure guidelines have been updated with new evidence, and new recommendations have been created when supported by published data. Value statements are provided for certain treatments with high-quality published economic analyses.
Published: 2022

9. Differential Dynamics of the Maternal Immune System in Healthy Pregnancy and Preeclampsia

Author: Xiaoyuan Han, Mohammad S. Ghaemi, Kazuo Ando, Laura S. Peterson, Edward A. Ganio, Amy S. Tsai, Dyani K. Gaudilliere, Ina A. Stelzer, Jakob Einhaus, Basile Bertrand, Natalie Stanley, Anthony Culos, Athena Tanada, Julien Hedou, Eileen S. Tsai, Ramin Fallahzadeh, Ronald J. Wong, Amy E. Judy, Virginia D. Winn, Maurice L. Druzin, Yair J. Blumenfeld, Mark A. Hlatky, Cecele C. Quaintance, Ronald S. Gibbs, Brendan Carvalho, Gary M. Shaw, David K. Stevenson, Martin S. Angst, Nima Aghaeepour, and Brice Gaudilliere
Subjects: preeclampsia, immunology, mass cytometry, PBMC, pregnancy, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: Preeclampsia is one of the most severe pregnancy complications and a leading cause of maternal death. However, early diagnosis of preeclampsia remains a clinical challenge. Alterations in the normal immune adaptations necessary for the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy are central features of preeclampsia. However, prior analyses primarily focused on the static assessment of select immune cell subsets have provided limited information for the prediction of preeclampsia. Here, we used a high-dimensional mass cytometry immunoassay to characterize the dynamic changes of over 370 immune cell features (including cell distribution and functional responses) in maternal blood during healthy and preeclamptic pregnancies. We found a set of eight cell-specific immune features that accurately identified patients well before the clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia (median area under the curve (AUC) 0.91, interquartile range [0.82–0.92]). Several features recapitulated previously known immune dysfunctions in preeclampsia, such as elevated pro-inflammatory innate immune responses early in pregnancy and impaired regulatory T (Treg) cell signaling. The analysis revealed additional novel immune responses that were strongly associated with, and preceded the onset of preeclampsia, notably abnormal STAT5ab signaling dynamics in CD4+T cell subsets (AUC 0.92, p = 8.0E-5). These results provide a global readout of the dynamics of the maternal immune system early in pregnancy and lay the groundwork for identifying clinically-relevant immune dysfunctions for the prediction and prevention of preeclampsia.
Published: 2019
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10. How Do We Credit the Evidence Generated From Subgroup Analyses in Randomized Clinical Trials?—Reply

Author: Mark A. Hlatky, Neil J. Stone, and JoAnn E. Manson
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2023

11. Statin-associated muscle symptoms in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL)

Author: Pedro Engel Gonzalez, Mark A. Hlatky, JoAnn E. Manson, Julie E. Buring, I-Min Lee, Nancy R. Cook, Vadim Bubes, and Neil J. Stone
Subjects: Clinical Trials as Topic, Risk Factors, Muscles, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Humans, Female, Vitamins, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Middle Aged, Vitamin D, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Article
Abstract: Statins are highly effective medications that reduce risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but are very commonly discontinued by patients because of muscle symptoms. The risk factors for statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are not well understood, so in this study we examined the predictors of SAMS in a well-studied cohort of patients in the VITAL trial. We found that female sex and younger age (50-64 years) were significant, independent predictors of higher rates of SAMS.
Published: 2022

12. Economic value of multimodal cardiovascular screening

Author: Mark A Hlatky and Philip Greenland
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2022

13. Contemporary Burden and Correlates of Symptomatic Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia

Author: Alan S. Go, Mark A. Hlatky, Taylor I. Liu, Dongjie Fan, Elisha A. Garcia, Sue Hee Sung, and Matthew D. Solomon
Subjects: elderly, epidemiology, incidence, sex differences, supraventricular tachycardia, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background Contemporary data about symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) epidemiology are limited. We characterized prevalence and correlates of symptomatic PSVT within a large healthcare delivery system and estimated national PSVT burden. Methods and Results We identified adults with an encounter for potential PSVT between 2010 and 2015 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, excluding those with prior known atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. We adjudicated medical records, ECGs, and other monitoring data to estimate positive predictive values for targeted International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th and 10th Revisions codes in inpatient, emergency department, and outpatient settings. Combinations of diagnosis codes and settings were used to calculate PSVT prevalence, and PSVT correlates were identified using multivariable regression. We estimated national rates by applying prevalence estimates in Kaiser Permanente to 2010 US Census data. The highest positive predictive values included codes for “PSVT” in the emergency department (82%), “unspecified cardiac dysrhythmia” in the emergency department (27%), “anomalous atrioventricular excitation” as a primary inpatient diagnosis (33%), and “unspecified paroxysmal tachycardia” as a primary inpatient diagnosis (23%). Prevalence of symptomatic PSVT was 140 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval, 100–179) and was higher for individuals who were older, women, white or black, or who had valvular heart disease, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, lung disease, or prior bleeding. We estimate the national prevalence of symptomatic PSVT to be 168 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval, 120–215). Conclusions Selected diagnostic codes in inpatient and emergency department settings may be useful to identify symptomatic PSVT episodes. We project that at least 0.168% of US adults experience symptomatic PSVT, and certain characteristics can identify people at higher risk.
Published: 2018
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14. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease

Author: Catherine M. Otto, Rick A. Nishimura, Robert O. Bonow, Blase A. Carabello, John P. Erwin, Federico Gentile, Hani Jneid, Eric V. Krieger, Michael Mack, Christopher McLeod, Patrick T. O'Gara, Vera H. Rigolin, Thoralf M. Sundt, Annemarie Thompson, Christopher Toly, Joshua A. Beckman, Glenn N. Levine, Sana M. Al-Khatib, Anastasia Armbruster, Kim K. Birtcher, Joaquin Ciggaroa, Anita Deswal, Dave L. Dixon, Lee A. Fleisher, Lisa de las Fuentes, Zachary D. Goldberger, Bulent Gorenek, Norrisa Haynes, Adrian F. Hernandez, Mark A. Hlatky, José A. Joglar, W. Schuyler Jones, Joseph E. Marine, Daniel Mark, Latha Palaniappan, Mariann R. Piano, Erica S. Spatz, Jacqueline Tamis-Holland, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, and Y. Joseph Woo
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, valvular heart disease, Cardiology, medicine, Surgery, Guideline, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, business
Published: 2021

15. 2020 AHA/ACC guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Author: Steve R. Ommen, Seema Mital, Michael A. Burke, Sharlene M. Day, Anita Deswal, Perry Elliott, Lauren L. Evanovich, Judy Hung, José A. Joglar, Paul Kantor, Carey Kimmelstiel, Michelle Kittleson, Mark S. Link, Martin S. Maron, Matthew W. Martinez, Christina Y. Miyake, Hartzell V. Schaff, Christopher Semsarian, Paul Sorajja, Patrick T. O'Gara, Joshua A. Beckman, Glenn N. Levine, Sana M. Al-Khatib, Anastasia Armbruster, Kim K. Birtcher, Joaquin Ciggaroa, Dave L. Dixon, Lisa de las Fuentes, Lee A. Fleisher, Federico Gentile, Zachary D. Goldberger, Bulent Gorenek, Norrisa Haynes, Adrian F. Hernandez, Mark A. Hlatky, W. Schuyler Jones, Joseph E. Marine, Daniel Mark, Latha Palaniappan, Mariann R. Piano, Jacqueline Tamis-Holland, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, and Y. Joseph Woo
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Physical activity, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Atrial fibrillation, Guideline, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, medicine.disease, Sudden cardiac death, Clinical Practice, Risk stratification, Emergency medicine, medicine, Surgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2021

16. Randomized comparison of chest pain evaluation with FFR

Author: Mark A, Hlatky, Sam, Wilding, Beth, Stuart, Zoe, Nicholas, James, Shambrook, Zina, Eminton, Kim, Fox, Derek, Connolly, Peter, O'Kane, Alex, Hobson, Anoop, Chauhan, Neal, Uren, Gerry P, Mccann, Colin, Berry, Justin, Carter, Carl, Roobottom, Mamas, Mamas, Ronak, Rajani, Ian, Ford, Pamela S, Douglas, and Nick, Curzen
Abstract: FFRPatients with stable chest pain were randomized either to the experimental strategy (CTCA with selective FFRPlanned initial tests were CTCA in 912 patients (65%), stress testing in 393 (28%), and invasive angiography in 94 (7%). Mean US costs did not differ overall between the experimental strategy and standard care (cost difference +7% (+$324), CI -12% to +26%, p = 0.49). Costs were 4% lower with the experimental strategy in the planned invasive angiography stratum (p for interaction = 0.66). Baseline factors independently associated with costs were older age (+43%), male sex (+55%), diabetes (+37%), hypertension (+61%), hyperlipidemia (+94%), prior angina (+24%), and planned invasive angiography (+160%). Post-randomization cost drivers were coronary revascularization (+348%), invasive angiography (267%), and number of tests (+35%).Initial evaluation of chest pain using CTCA with FFR
Published: 2022

17. Duke Activity Status Index em Doenças Cardiovasculares: Validação de Tradução em Português

Author: Mariana A. Coutinho-Myrrha, Rosângela C. Dias, Aline A. Fernandes, Christiano G. Araújo, Mark A. Hlatky, Danielle G. Pereira, and Raquel R. Britto
Subjects: Doenças cardiovasculares, Avaliação da capacidade de trabalho, Guia de prática clínica, Teste de esforço, Questionários, Estudos de validação, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Fundamentos: O Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) avalia a capacidade funcional de pacientes com doença cardiovascular (DCV), mas não há versão validada em português para doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivos: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o DASI para o idioma português do Brasil, e verificar suas propriedades psicométricas na avaliação da capacidade funcional de pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares. Métodos: O DASI foi traduzido para o português, verificado pela retrotradução para o inglês e avaliado por um comitê de especialistas. A versão pré-teste foi avaliada pela primeira vez em 30 indivíduos. As propriedades psicométricas e a correlação com o teste de esforço foram verificadas em um segundo grupo de 67 indivíduos. Uma análise fatorial exploratória foi realizada em todos os 97 pacientes para verificar a validade de construto do DASI. Resultados: O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para a confiabilidade teste-reteste foi de 0,87 e para a confiabilidade entre avaliadores foi de 0,84. O alfa de Cronbach para consistência interna foi de 0,93. A validade concorrente foi verificada por correlações positivas significativas de pontuações do DASI com o VO2 max (r = 0,51, p < 0,001). A análise fatorial mostrou dois fatores que explicaram 54% da variância total, com o fator 1 responsável por 40 % da variância. A aplicação do DASI requer entre um e três minutos e meio por paciente. Conclusão: A versão brasileira do DASI parece ser um instrumento válido, confiável, rápido e fácil de administrar para avaliar a capacidade funcional em pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares.
Published: 2014
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18. Women’s Health Initiative Strong and Healthy Pragmatic Physical Activity Intervention Trial for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Design and Baseline Characteristics

Author: Abby C. King, Joseph C. Larson, Garnet L. Anderson, Andrea Z. LaCroix, Marcia L. Stefanick, Mark A. Hlatky, Charles Kooperberg, Lesley F. Tinker, Sally Mackey, Michael J. LaMonte, and John Bellettiere
Subjects: Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY: Medical Sciences, Myocardial Infarction, Gerona/2, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cardiovascular, Medicare, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, AcademicSubjects/MED00280, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Intervention (counseling), Preventive Health Services, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Exercise, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Physical activity, Women's Health Initiative, Physical Functional Performance, Physical Activity Interventions, United States, Exercise Therapy, Clinical trial, Stroke, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Cardiovascular Diseases, Physical Fitness, Cohort, Physical therapy, Physical function, Pacific islanders, AcademicSubjects/SCI00960, Women's Health, Falls, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Background National guidelines promote physical activity to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet no randomized controlled trial has tested whether physical activity reduces CVD. Methods The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Strong and Healthy (WHISH) pragmatic trial used a randomized consent design to assign women for whom cardiovascular outcomes were available through WHI data collection (N = 18 985) or linkage to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (N30 346), to a physical activity intervention or “usual activity” comparison, stratified by ages 68–99 years (in tertiles), U.S. geographic region, and outcomes data source. Women assigned to the intervention could “opt out” after receiving initial physical activity materials. Intervention materials applied evidence-based behavioral science principles to promote current national recommendations for older Americans. The intervention was adapted to participant input regarding preferences, resources, barriers, and motivational drivers and was targeted for 3 categories of women at lower, middle, or higher levels of self-reported physical functioning and physical activity. Physical activity was assessed in both arms through annual questionnaires. The primary outcome is major cardiovascular events, specifically myocardial infarction, stroke, or CVD death; primary safety outcomes are hip fracture and non-CVD death. The trial is monitored annually by an independent Data Safety and Monitoring Board. Final analyses will be based on intention to treat in all randomized participants, regardless of intervention engagement. Results The 49 331 randomized participants had a mean baseline age of 79.7 years; 84.3% were White, 9.2% Black, 3.3% Hispanic, 1.9% Asian/Pacific Islander, 0.3% Native American, and 1% were of unknown race/ethnicity. The mean baseline RAND-36 physical function score was 71.6 (± 25.2 SD). There were no differences between Intervention (N = 24 657) and Control (N = 24 674) at baseline for age, race/ethnicity, current smoking (2.5%), use of blood pressure or lipid-lowering medications, body mass index, physical function, physical activity, or prior CVD (10.1%). Conclusion The WHISH trial is rigorously testing whether a physical activity intervention reduces major CV events in a large, diverse cohort of older women. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT02425345
Published: 2021

19. Association of Premature Menopause With Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Women’s Health Initiative

Author: Matthew W. Mell, Mark A. Hlatky, Mary Pettinger, Mark F. Conrad, Bernhard Haring, Linda Snetselaar, Tracy E. Madsen, Matthew J. Eagleton, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Matthew A. Allison, Elizabeth L. Chou, Robert A. Wild, Robert B. Wallace, Simin Liu, and Jean Wactawski-Wende
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Menopause, Premature, Disease, Overweight, Medicare, Risk Factors, Humans, Medicine, Risk factor, Pack-year, Premature Menopause, Aged, business.industry, Obstetrics, Women's Health Initiative, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, United States, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cohort, Women's Health, Female, Surgery, medicine.symptom, business, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
Abstract: Objective To determine if premature menopause and early menarche are associated with increased risk of AAA, and to explore potential effect modification by smoking history. Summary of background data Despite worse outcomes for women with AAA, no studies have prospectively examined sex-specific risk factors, such as premature menopause and early menarche, with risk of AAA in a large, ethnically diverse cohort of women. Methods This was a post-hoc analysis of Women's Health Initiative participants who were beneficiaries of Medicare Parts A&B fee-for-service. AAA cases and interventions were identified from claims data. Follow-up period included Medicare coverage until death, end of follow-up or end of coverage inclusive of 2017. Results Of 101,119 participants included in the analysis, the mean age was 63 years and median follow-up was 11.3 years. Just under 10,000 (9.4%) women experienced premature menopause and 22,240 (22%) experienced early menarche. Women with premature menopause were more likely to be overweight, Black, have ≥20 pack years of smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and early menarche. During 1,091,840 person-years of follow-up, 1125 women were diagnosed with AAA, 134 had premature menopause (11.9%), 93 underwent surgical intervention and 45 (48%) required intervention for ruptured AAA. Premature menopause was associated with increased risk of AAA [hazard ratio 1.37 (1.14, 1.66)], but the association was no longer significant after multivariable adjustment for demographics and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Amongst women with ≥20 pack year smoking history (n = 19,286), 2148 (11.1%) had premature menopause, which was associated with greater risk of AAA in all models [hazard ratio 1.63 (1.24, 2.23)]. Early menarche was not associated with increased risk of AAA. Conclusions This study finds that premature menopause may be an important risk factor for AAA in women with significant smoking history. There was no significant association between premature menopause and risk of AAA amongst women who have never smoked. These results suggest an opportunity to develop strategies for better screening, risk reduction and stratification, and outcome improvement in the comprehensive vascular care of women.
Published: 2020

20. Adaptação cultural e avaliação da reprodutibilidade do Duke Activity Status Index para pacientes com DPOC no Brasil Cross-cultural adaptation and assessment of reproducibility of the Duke Activity Status Index for COPD patients in Brazil

Author: Livia dos Anjos Tavares, José Barreto Neto, José Roberto Jardim, George Márcio da Costa e Souza, Mark A. Hlatky, and Oliver Augusto Nascimento
Subjects: Atividades cotidianas, Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, Reprodutibilidade dos testes, Activities of daily living, Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, Reproducibility of results, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Adaptar culturalmente e avaliar a reprodutibilidade do Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) para o português do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados pacientes estáveis com diagnóstico clínico e espirométrico de DPOC. Inicialmente, o DASI foi traduzido para o português, e a adaptação cultural foi realizada por uma comissão de especialistas. Em seguida, o questionário foi aplicado em 12 pacientes para saber suas dúvidas e dificuldades, sendo realizadas as devidas adaptações. Um tradutor independente fez a tradução retrógrada, que foi submetida e aprovada pelo autor original. A versão final do DASI foi aplicada em 50 pacientes em dois momentos, com intervalo de 30 minutos (reprodutibilidade interobservador) e, num terceiro momento, após 15 dias (reprodutibilidade intraobservador). RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 62,3 ± 10,0 anos, a média do VEF1 foi de 45,2 ± 14,7% do valor previsto, e a do índice de massa corpórea foi de 26,8 ± 5,8 kg/m². Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse intraobservador e interobservador foram de 0,95 e 0,90, respectivamente. As correlações do DASI com todos os domínios do Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) foram negativas e estatisticamente significantes. As melhores correlações ocorreram com o domínio atividade (r = -0,70) e a pontuação total do SGRQ (r = -0,66), assim como com a distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (r = 0,55). CONCLUSÕES: A versão em língua portuguesa do Brasil do DASI é reprodutível, de rápida e fácil aplicação e apresentou uma boa correlação com o SGRQ.OBJECTIVE: To cross-culturally adapt the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) for use in Brazil and evaluate the reproducibility of the new (Brazilian Portuguese-language) version. METHODS: We selected stable patients with clinical and spirometric diagnosis of COPD. Initially, the DASI was translated into Brazilian Portuguese, and the cross-cultural adaptation was performed by an expert committee. Subsequently, 12 patients completed the questionnaire, so that their questions and difficulties could be identified and adjustments could be made. An independent translator back-translated the final version into English, which was then submitted to and approved by the original author. The final Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the DASI was applied to 50 patients at three distinct times. For the assessment of interobserver reproducibility, it was applied twice within a 30-min interval by two different interviewers. For the assessment of intraobserver reproducibility, it was applied again 15 days later by one of the interviewers. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 62.3 ± 10.0 years, the mean FEV1 was 45.2 ± 14.7% of the predicted value, and the mean body mass index was 26.8 ± 5.8 kg/m². The intraclass correlation coefficients for intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility were 0.95 and 0.90, respectively. The correlations between the DASI and the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) domains were all negative and statistically significant. The DASI correlated best with the SGRQ activity domain (r = -0.70), the total SGRQ score (r = -0.66), and the six-minute walk distance (r = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the DASI is reproducible, fast, and simple, correlating well with the SGRQ.
Published: 2012
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21. Apolipoprotein B, Residual Cardiovascular Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Effects of Alirocumab

Author: Emil Hagström, P. Gabriel Steg, Michael Szarek, Deepak L. Bhatt, Vera A. Bittner, Nicolas Danchin, Rafael Diaz, Shaun G. Goodman, Robert A. Harrington, J. Wouter Jukema, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Nikolaus Marx, Jennifer McGinniss, Garen Manvelian, Robert Pordy, Michel Scemama, Harvey D. White, Andreas M. Zeiher, Gregory G. Schwartz, Pierluigi Tricoci, Matthew T. Roe, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Jay M. Edelberg, Corinne Hanotin, Guillaume Lecorps, Angèle Moryusef, William J. Sasiela, Jean-François Tamby, Philip E Aylward, Heinz Drexel, Peter Sinnaeve, Mirza Dilic, Renato D. Lopes, Nina N Gotcheva, Juan-Carlos Prieto, Huo Yong, Patricio López-Jaramillo, Ivan Pećin, Zeljko Reiner, Petr Ostadal, Steen Hvitfeldt Poulsen, Margus Viigimaa, Markku S Nieminen, Vakhtang Chumburidze, Pablo Carlos, Montenegro Valdovinos, Hung-Fat Tse, Robert Gabor Kiss, Denis Xavier, Doron Zahger, Marco Valgimigli, Takeshi Kimura, Hyo Soo Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Andrejs Erglis, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Sasko Kedev, Khalid Yusoff, Gabriel Arturo Ramos López, Marco Alings, Sigrun Halvorsen, Roger M Correa Flores, Rody G. Sy, Andrzej Budaj, Joao Morais, Maria Dorobantu, Yuri Karpov, Arsen D. Ristic, Terrance Chua, Jan Murin, Zlatko Fras, Anthony J Dalby, José Tuñón, H. Asita de Silva, Ulf Landmesser, Christian Müller, Chern-En Chiang, Piyamitr Sritara, Sema Guneri, Alexander Parkhomenko, Kausik K. Ray, Patrick M. Moriarty, Robert Vogel, Bernard Chaitman, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Anders G. Olsson, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Maarten L. Simoons, Karen Alexander, Chiara Meloni, Robert Rosenson, Eric J.G. Sijbrands, John H. Alexander, Luciana Armaganijan, Akshay Bagai, Maria Cecilia Bahit, J. Matthew Brennan, Shaun Clifton, Adam D. DeVore, Shalonda Deloatch, Sheila Dickey, Keith Dombrowski, Grégory Ducrocq, Zubin Eapen, Patricia Endsley, Arleen Eppinger, Robert W. Harrison, Connie Ng Hess, Mark A. Hlatky, Joseph Dedrick Jordan, Joshua W. Knowles, Bradley J. Kolls, David F. Kong, Sergio Leonardi, Linda Lillis, David J. Maron, Jill Marcus, Robin Mathews, Rajendra H. Mehta, Robert J. Mentz, Humberto Graner Moreira, Chetan B. Patel, Sabrina Bernardez Pereira, Lynn Perkins, Thomas J. Povsic, Etienne Puymirat, William Schuyler Jones, Bimal R. Shah, Matthew W. Sherwood, Kenya Stringfellow, Darin Sujjavanich, Mustafa Toma, Charlene Trotter, Sean F.P. van Diepen, Matthew D. Wilson, Andrew Tze-Kay Yan, Lilia B Schiavi, Marcelo Garrido, Andrés F Alvarisqueta, Sonia A Sassone, Anselmo P Bordonava, Alberto E Alves De Lima, Jorge M Schmidberg, Ernesto A Duronto, Orlando C Caruso, Leonardo P Novaretto, Miguel Angel Hominal, Oscar R Montaña, Alberto Caccavo, Oscar A Gomez Vilamajo, Alberto J Lorenzatti, Luis R Cartasegna, Gustavo A Paterlini, Ignacio J Mackinnon, Guillermo D Caime, Marcos Amuchastegui, Oscar Salomone, Oscar R Codutti, Horacio O Jure, Julio OE Bono, Adrian D Hrabar, Julio A Vallejos, Rodolfo A Ahuad Guerrero, Federico Novoa, Cristian A Patocchi, Cesar J Zaidman, Maria E Giuliano, Ricardo D Dran, Marisa L Vico, Gabriela S Carnero, Pablo N Guzman, Juan C Medrano Allende, Daniela F Garcia Brasca, Miguel H Bustamante Labarta, Sebastian Nani, Eduardo DS Blumberg, Hugo R Colombo, Alberto Liberman, Victorino Fuentealba, Hector L Luciardi, Gabriel D Waisman, Mario A Berli, Ruben O Garcia Duran, Horacio G Cestari, Hugo A Luquez, Jorge A Giordano, Silvia S 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Flavio E Giorgeto, Ricardo P Silva, Lilia Nigro Maia, Rafael Rech, Paulo RF Rossi, Maria José AG Cerqueira, Norberto Duda, Renato Kalil, Adrian Kormann, José Antonio M Abrantes, Pedro Pimentel Filho, Ana Priscila Soggia, Mayler ON de Santos, Fernando Neuenschwander, Luiz C Bodanese, Yorghos L Michalaros, Freddy G Eliaschewitz, Maria H Vidotti, Paulo E Leaes, Roberto V Botelho, Sergio Kaiser, Euler Roberto F Fernandes Manenti, Dalton B Precoma, Jose C Moura Jorge, Pedro Silva, Jose A Silveira, Wladmir Saporito, Jose A Marin Neto, Gilson S Feitosa, Luiz Eduardo F Ritt, Juliana A de Souza, Fernando Costa, Weimar KSB Souza, Helder JL Reis, Leandro Machado, José Carlos Aidar Ayoub, Georgi V Todorov, Fedya P Nikolov, Elena S Velcheva, Maria L Tzekova, Haralambi O Benov, Stanislav L Petranov, Haralin S Tumbev, Nina S Shehova-Yankova, Dimitar T Markov, Dimitar H Raev, Mihail N Mollov, Kostadin N Kichukov, Katya A Ilieva- Pandeva, Raya Ivanova, Maryana Gospodinov, Valentina M Mincheva, Petar V Lazov, Bojidar I Dimov, Manohara Senaratne, James Stone, Jan Kornder, Stephen Pearce, Danielle Dion, Daniel Savard, Yves Pesant, Amritanshu Pandey, Simon Robinson, Gilbert Gosselin, Saul Vizel, Gordon Hoag, Ronald Bourgeois, Anne Morisset, Eric Sabbah, Bruce Sussex, Simon Kouz, Paul MacDonald, Ariel Diaz, Nicolas Michaud, David Fell, Raymond Leung, Tycho Vuurmans, Christopher Lai, Frank Nigro, Richard Davies, Gustavo Nogareda, Ram Vijayaraghavan, John Ducas, Serge Lepage, Shamir Mehta, James Cha, Robert Dupuis, Peter Fong, Sohrab Lutchmedial, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Hussein Fadlallah, David Cleveland, Thao Huynh, Iqbal Bata, Adnan Hameed, Cristian Pincetti, Sergio Potthoff, Juan C Prieto, Monica Acevedo, Arnoldo Aguirre, Margarita Vejar, Mario Yañez, Guillermo Araneda, Mauricio Fernandez, Luis Perez, Paola Varleta, Fernando Florenzano, Laura Huidobro, Carlos A Raffo, Claudia Olivares, Leonardo Nahuelpan, Humberto Montecinos, Jiyan Chen, Yugang Dong, Weijian Huang, Jianzhong Wang, Shi’An Huang, Zhuhua Yao, Xiang Li, Lan Cui, Wenhua Lin, Yuemin Sun, Jingfeng Wang, Jianping Li, Xuelian Zhang, Hong Zhu, Dandan Chen, Lan Huang, Shaohong Dong, Guohai Su, Biao Xu, Xi Su, Xiaoshu Cheng, Jinxiu Lin, Wenxia Zong, Huanming Li, Yi Feng, Dingli Xu, Xinchun Yang, Yuannan Ke, Xuefeng Lin, Zheng Zhang, Zeqi Zheng, Zhurong Luo, Yundai Chen, Chunhua Ding, Yi Zhong, Yang Zheng, Xiaodong Li, Daoquan Peng, Shuiping Zhao, Ying Li, Xuebo Liu, Meng Wei, Shaowen Liu, Yihua Yu, Baiming Qu, Weihong Jiang, Yujie Zhou, Xingsheng Zhao, Zuyi Yuan, Ying Guo, Xiping Xu, Xubo Shi, Junbo Ge, Guosheng Fu, Feng Bai, Weiyi Fang, Xiling Shou, Xiangjun Yang, Jian’An Wang, Meixiang Xiang, Yingxian Sun, Qinghua Lu, Ruiyan Zhang, Jianhua Zhu, Yizhou Xu, Zhongcai Fan, Tianchang Li, Chun Wu, Nicolas Jaramillo, Gregorio Sanchez Vallejo, Diana C Luna Botia, Rodrigo Botero Lopez, Dora I Molina De Salazar, Alberto J Cadena Bonfanti, Carlos Cotes Aroca, Juan Diego Higuera, Marco Blanquicett, Sandra I Barrera Silva, Henry J Garcia Lozada, Julian A Coronel Arroyo, Jose L Accini Mendoza, Ricardo L Fernandez Ruiz, Alvaro M. Quintero Ossa, Fernando G Manzur Jatin, Aristides Sotomayor Herazo, Jeffrey Castellanos Parada, Rafael Suarez Arambula, Miguel A Urina Triana, Angela M Fernandez Trujillo, Maja Strozzi, Siniša Car, Davor Miličić, Martina Lovrić Benčić, Hrvoje Pintarić, Đeiti Prvulović, Jozica Šikić, Viktor Peršić, Dean Mileta, Kresimir Štambuk, Zdravko Babić, Vjekoslav Tomulic, Josip Lukenda, Stanka Mejic-Krstulovic, Boris Starcevic, Jindrich Spinar, David Horak, Zdenek Velicka, David Alan, Vilma Machova, Ales Linhart, Vojtech Novotny, Vladimir Kaucak, Richard Rokyta, Robert Naplava, Zdenek Coufal, Vera Adamkova, Ivo Podpera, Jiri Zizka, Zuzana Motovska, Ivana Marusincova, Petr Heinc, Jiri Kuchar, Petr Povolny, Jiri Matuska, Steen H Poulsen, Bent Raungaard, Peter Clemmensen, Lia E Bang, Ole May, Morten Bøttcher, Jens D Hove, Lars Frost, Gunnar Gislason, John Larsen, Peter Betton Johansen, Flemming Hald, Peter Johansen, Jørgen Jeppesen, Tonny Nielsen, Kjeld S Kristensen, Piotr Maria Walichiewicz, Jens D Lomholdt, Ib C Klausen, Peter Kaiser Nielsen, Flemming Davidsen, Lars Videbaek, Mai Soots, Veiko Vahula, Anu Hedman, Üllar Soopõld, Kaja Märtsin, Tiina Jurgenson, Arved Kristjan, Saila Vikman, Heikki Huikuri, Juhani Airaksinen, Pierre Coste, Emile Ferrari, Olivier Morel, Gilles Montalescot, Jacques Machecourt, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Jacques Mansourati, Yves Cottin, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Florence Leclercq, Abdelkader Belhassane, Nicolas Delarche, Franck Boccara, Franck Paganelli, Jérôme Clerc, Francois Schiele, Victor Aboyans, Vincent Probst, Jacques Berland, Thierry Lefèvre, Irakli Khintibidze, Tamaz Shaburishvili, Zurab Pagava, Ramaz Ghlonti, Zaza Lominadze, George Khabeishvili, Rayyan Hemetsberger, Kemala Edward, Ursula Rauch-Kröhnert, Matthias Stratmann, Karl-Friedrich Appel, Ekkehard Schmidt, Heyder Omran, Christoph Stellbrink, Thomas Dorsel, Emmanouil Lianopoulos, Hans Friedrich Vöhringer, Roger Marx, Andreas Zirlik, Detlev Schellenberg, Thomas Heitzer, Ulrich Laufs, Christian Werner, Stephan Gielen, Sebastian Nuding, Bernhard Winkelmann, Steffen Behrens, Karsten Sydow, Mahir Karakas, Gregor Simonis, Thomas Muenzel, Nikos Werner, Stefan Leggewie, Dirk Böcker, Rüdiger Braun- Dullaeus, Nicole Toursarkissian, Michael Jeserich, Matthias Weißbrodt, Tim Schaeufele, Joachim Weil, Heinz Völler, Johannes Waltenberger, Mohammed Natour, Susanne Schmitt, Dirk Müller-Wieland, Stephan Steiner, Lothar Heidenreich, Elmar Offers, Uwe Gremmler, Holger Killat, Werner Rieker, Sotiris Patsilinakos, Athanasios Kartalis, Athanassios Manolis, Dimitrios Sionis, Geargios Chachalis, Ioannis Skoumas, Vasilios Athyros, Panagiotis Vardas, Frangkiskos Parthenakis, Georgios Hahalis, John Lekakis, Apostolos Hatzitolios, Sergio R Fausto Ovando, Pablo Carlos Montenegro Valdovinos, Juan L Arango Benecke, Edgar R Rodriguez De Leon, Bryan PY Yan, David CW Siu, Tibor Turi, Bela Merkely, Imre Ungi, Geza Lupkovics, Lajos Nagy, András Katona, István Édes, Gábor Müller, Iván Horvath, Tibor Kapin, Zsolt Szigeti, József Faluközy, Mukund Kumbla, Manjinder Sandhu, Sharath Annam, Naveen Reddy Proddutur, Reddy Regella, Rajendra K Premchand, Ajaykumar Mahajan, Sudhir Pawar, Atul D Abhyanakar, Prafulla Kerkar, Ravishankar A Govinda, Abraham Oomman, Dhurjati Sinha, Sachin N Patil, Dhiman Kahali, Jitendra Sawhney, Abhijeet B Joshi, Sanjeev Chaudhary, Pankaj Harkut, Santanu Guha, Sanjay Porwal, Srimannarayana Jujjuru, Ramesh B Pothineni, Minguel R Monteiro, Aziz Khan, Shamanna S Iyengar, Jasprakash Singh Grewal, Manoj Chopda, Mahesh C Fulwani, Dr. Aparna Patange, Patil Sachin, Vijay K Chopra, Naresh K Goyal, Rituparna Shinde, Gajendra V Manakshe, Nitin Patki, Sumeet Sethi, Vengatesh Munusamy, Sunil Karnaand Sunil Thanvi, Srilakshmi Adhyapak, Chandrakant Patil, Ulhas Pandurangi, Rishabh Mathur, Jugal Gupta, Suhas Kalashetti, Ajit Bhagwat, Bagirath Raghuraman, Shiv Kumar Yerra, Prasant Bhansali, Rohidas Borse, Patil Rahul, Srihari Das, Vinay Kumar, Jabir Abdullakutty, Shireesh Saathe, Priya Palimkar, Jabir Abdullkutty, Shireesh Sathe, Shaul Atar, Michael Shechter, Morris Mosseri, Yaron Arbel, Chorin Ehud, Havakuk Ofer, Chaim Lotan, Uri Rosenschein, Amos Katz, Yaakov Henkin, Adi Francis, Marc Klutstein, Eugenia Nikolsky, Robert Zukermann, Yoav Turgeman, Majdi Halabi, Alon Marmor, Ran Kornowski, Michael Jonas, Offer Amir, Yonathan Hasin, Yoseph Rozenman, Shmuel Fuchs, Vered Zvi, Osamah Hussein, Dov Gavish, Zvi Vered, Yoseph Caraco, Mazen Elias, Naveh Tov, Efrat Wolfovitz, Michael Lishner, Nizar Elias, Giancarlo Piovaccari, Annamaria De Pellegrin, Raffaella Garbelotto, Gabriele Guardigli, Valgimigli Marco, Giovanni Licciardello, Carla Auguadro, Filippo Scalise, Claudio Cuccia, Alessandro Salvioni, Giuseppe Musumeci, Michelle Senni, Paolo Calabrò, Salvatore Novo, Pompilio Faggiano, Marco Metra, Nicoletta B De Cesare, Sergio Berti, Enrico Puccioni, Marcello Galvani, Maurizio Tespili, Piermarco Piatti, Michela Palvarini, Giuseppe De Luca, Roberto Violini, Alessandro De Leo, Zoran Olivari, Pasquale Perrone Filardi, Maurizio Ferratini, Vittorio Racca, Kazuoki Dai, Yuji Shimatani, Haruo Kamiya, Kenji Ando, Yoshihiro Takeda, Yoshihiro Morino, Yoshiki Hata, Kazuo Kimura, Koichi Kishi, Ichiro Michishita, Hiroki Uehara, Toshinori Higashikata, Atsushi Hirayama, Keiji Hirooka, Yasuji Doi, Satoru Sakagami, Shuichi Taguchi, Akihiro Koike, Hiroyuki Fujinaga, Shinji Koba, Ken Kozuma, Tomohiro Kawasaki, Yujiro Ono, Masatoshi Shimizu, Yousuke Katsuda, Atsuyuki Wada, Toshiro Shinke, Junya Ako, Kenshi Fujii, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Koichi Nakao, Yutaka Furukawa, Hiroshi Sugino, Ritsu Tamura, Toshiaki Mano, Masaaki Uematsu, Noriaki Utsu, Kashima Ito, Takuya Haraguchi, Katsuhiko Sato, Yasunori Ueda, Akira Nishibe, Kazuteru Fujimoto, Motomaru Masutani, Jung Han Yoon, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Hun Sik Park, In-Ho Chae, Moo Hyun Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, Seungwoon Rha, Chongjin Kim, Hyo-Soo Kim, Hae Young Kim, Taekjong Hong, Seung-Jea Tahk, Youngkwon Kim, Arija Busmane, Natalija Pontaga, Aldis Strelnieks, Iveta Mintale, Iveta Sime, Zaneta Petrulioniene, Roma Kavaliauskiene, Ruta Jurgaitiene, Gintare Sakalyte, Rimvydas Slapikas, Sigute Norkiene, Nerijus Misonis, Aleksandras Kibarskis, Raimondas Kubilius, Stojko Bojovski, Nensi Lozance, Aleksandar Kjovkaroski, Snezana Doncovska, Tiong Kiam Ong, Sazzli Kasim, Oteh Maskon, Balachandran Kandasamy, Houng B Liew, Wan Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed, Armando García Castillo, Jorge Carrillo Calvillo, Pedro Fajardo Campos, Juan Carlos Núñez Fragoso, Edmundo Alfredo Bayram Llamas, Marco Antonio Alcocer Gamba, Jaime Carranza Madrigal, Luis Gerardo González Salas, Enrique López Rosas, Belinda González Díaz, Eduardo Salcido Vázquez, Alfredo Nacoud Ackar, Guillermo Antonio Llamas Esperón, Carlos Rodolfo Martínez Sánchez, María Guerrero De Leon, Rodrigo Suarez Otero, Guillermo Fanghänel Salmón, Jesús Antonio Pérez Ríos, José Angel Garza Ruíz, Robert W Breedveld, Margriet Feenema-Aardema, Alida Borger-Van Der Burg, Pieter AM Hoogslag, Harry Suryapranata, Antonius Oomen, Paulus Van Haelst, Margriet Feenema-Aradema, Jacobijne J Wiersma, Dirk Basart, Ruud MA Van Der Wal, Peter Zwart, Pascalle Monraats, Henricus Van Kesteren, Ioannis Karalis, Johan Jukema, Gerardus JE Verdel, Bart RG Brueren, Roland PTh Troquay, Eric P Viergever, Nadea YY Al-Windy, Gerard L Bartels, Jan H Cornel, Walter RM Hermans, Johannes PR Herrman, Robert J Bos, Reginald GEJ Groutars, Coenraad C Van Der Zwaan, Refik Kaplan, Eelko Ronner, Bjorn E Groenemeijer, Patrick NA Bronzwaer, Anho AH Liem, Bernard JWM Rensing, Marcel JJA Bokern, Remco Nijmeijer, Ferry MRJ Hersbach, Frank F Willems, Antonius TM Gosselink, Saman Rasoul, John Elliott, Gerard Wilkins, Raewyn Fisher, Douglas Scott, Hamish Hart, Ralph Stewart, Scott Harding, Ian Ternouth, Nicholas Fisher, Samuel Wilson, Denise Aitken, Russell Anscombe, Laura Davidson, Tadeusz Tomala, Ottar Nygård, Jon Arne Sparby, Kjell Andersen, Lars Gullestad, Jarle Jortveit, Peter S Munk, Erlend gyllensten Singsaas, Ulf Hurtig, Jorge R Calderon Ticona, Julio R Durand Velasquez, Sandra A Negron Miguel, Enrique S Sanabria Perez, Jesus M Carrion Chambilla, Carlos A Chavez Ayala, Reynaldo P Castillo Leon, Rolando J Vargas GonzalesC, Jose D Hernandez Zuniga, Luis A Camacho Cosavalente, Jorge E Bravo Mannucci, Javier Heredia Landeo, Nassip C Llerena Navarro, Yudy M Roldan Concha, Víctor E Rodriguez Chavez, Henry A Anchante Hernandez, Carlos A Zea Nunez, Walter Mogrovejo Ramos, Arthur Ferrolino, Rosa Allyn G Sy, Louie Tirador, Generoso Matiga, Raul Martin Coching, Alisa Bernan, Gregorio Rogelio, Dante D. Morales, Edgar Tan, Dennis Jose Sulit, Adrian Wlodarczak, Grzegorz Skonieczny, Lidia Pawlowicz, Pawel Wojewoda, Benita Busz-Papiez, Janusz Bednarski, Aleksander Goch, Pawel Staneta, Elzbieta Dulak, Krzysztof Saminski, Wlodzimierz Krasowski, Wanda Sudnik, Aleksander Zurakowski, Marcin Skorski, Roman Lysek, Beata Miklaszewicz, Jan Andrzej Lipko, Edyta Kostarska-Srokosz, Marek Piepiorka, Anna Drzewiecka, Arkadiusz Stasiewski, Tomasz Blicharski, Leszek Bystryk, Michal Szpajer, Marek Korol, Tomasz Czerski, Jacek Gniot, Andrzej Lubinski, Jerzy Gorny, Edward Franek, Grzegorz Raczak, Hanna Szwed, Pedro Monteiro, Jose Mesquita Bastos, Helder H Pereira, Filipe Seixo, Carlos Mendonça, Ana Botelho, Francisca Caetano, Bogdan Minescu, Octavian Istratoaie, Dan N Tesloianu, Gabriel Cristian, Silviu Dumitrescu, Cristian GC Podoleanu, Mircea CA Constantinescu, Cristina M Bengus, Constantin Militaru, Doina Rosu, Irinel R Parepa, Adrian V Matei, Tom M Alexandru, Mihaela Malis, Ioan Coman, Yury Shvarts, Olga Orlikova, Zhanna Kobalava, Olga L Barbarash, Valentin Markov, Nadezhda Lyamina, Alexander Gordienko, Konstantin Zrazhevsky, Alexander Y Vishnevsky, Victor Gurevich, Raisa Stryuk, Nikita V Lomakin, Igor Bokarev, Tatiana Khlevchuk, Sergey Shalaev, Larisa Khaisheva, Petr Chizhov, Inna Viktorova, Natalya Osokina, Vladimir Shchekotov, Evgenia Akatova, Galina Chumakova, Igor Libov, Mikhail I Voevoda, Tatyana V Tretyakova, Evgeny Baranov, Sergey Shustov, Sergey Yakushin, Ivan Gordeev, Niiaz Khasanov, Olga Reshetko, Tatiana Sotnikova, Olga Molchanova, Konstantin Nikolaev, Liudmila Gapon, Elena Baranova, Elena Kosmachova, Yuriy Karpov, Anton Povzun, Liudmila Egorova, Vadim V Tyrenko, Igor G Ivanov, Masterov Ilya, Sergey Kanorsky, Dragan Simic, Nikola Ivanovic, Goran Davidovic, Nebojsa Tasic, Milika R. Asanin, Stevo Stojic, Svetlana R. Apostolovic, Stevan Ilic, Biljana Putnikovic Tosic, Aleksandar Stankovic, Aleksandra Arandjelovic, Slavica Radovanovic, Branislava Todic, Jovan Balinovac, Dragan V. Dincic, Petar Seferovic, Ana Karadzic, Slobodan Dodic, Sinisa Dimkovic, Tamara Jakimov, Kian-Keong Poh, Hean Yee Ong, Justin Tang I-Shing, Karol Micko, Jan Nociar, Daniel Pella, Peter Fulop, Marian Hranai, Juraj Palka, Juraj Mazur, Ivan Majercák, Andrej Dzupina, František Fazekas, Jozef Gonsorcik, Viliam Bugan, Juraj Selecky, Gabriel Kamensky, Jaroslava Strbova, Rudolf Smik, Andrej Dukat, Peter Olexa, Ivan Žuran, Janez Poklukar, Nataša Černič Šuligoj, Matija Cevc, Henry P Cyster, Naresh Ranjith, Clive Corbett, Junaid Bayat, Ellen Makoali Makotoko, Hendrik du Toit Theron, Ilse E Kapp, Matthys M de V Basson, Hanlie Lottering, Dina Van Aswegen, Louis J Van Zyl, Peter J Sebastian, Thayabran Pillay, Jan A Saaiman, Patrick J Commerford, Soraya Cassimjee, Garda Riaz, Iftikhar O Ebrahim, Mahomed Sarvan, Joseph H Mynhardt, Helmuth Reuter, Rajendran Moodley, Manuel Vida, Angel R. Cequier Fillat, Vicente Bodí Peris, Francisco Fuentes Jimenez, Francisco Marín, Jose M Cruz Fernández, Rafael Jesus Hidalgo Urbano, Blas Gil-Extremera, Pablo Toledo, Fernando Worner Diz, David Garcia-Dorado, Andres Iñiguez, Jose R Gonzalez-Juanatey, Javier Fernandez Portales, Fernando Civeira Murillo, Laia Matas Pericas, Jose Luis Zamorano, Manuel De Mora Martin, Jordi Bruguera Cortada, Joaquin J Alonso Martin, Jose Maria Serrano Antolin, José R De Berrazueta Fernández, José Antonio Vázquez de Prada, Jose Francisco Díaz Fernández, José Alberto García Lledó, Juan Cosín Sales, Javier Botas Rodriguez, Gabriel Gusi Tragant, Amparo Benedicto, Carlos Gonzalez-Juanatey, Mercedes Camprubí Potau, Ignacio Plaza Perez, César Morís De La Tassa, Pablo Loma-Osorio Rincon, Javier Balaguer Recena, Juan M Escudier, Antonio Coca Payeras, Norberto Alonso Orcajo, Godwin Constantine, Ruvaiz Haniffa, Nirmali Tissera, Stanley Amarasekera, Chandrike Ponnamperuma, Nimali Fernando, Kaputella Fernando, Jayanthimala Jayawardena, Santharaj Wijeyasingam, Gotabhaya Ranasinghe, Ruvan Ekanayaka, Sepalika Mendis, Vajira Senaratne, Gnanamoorthy Mayurathan, Ajantha Rajapaksha, Thilak Sirisena, Jagath I Herath, Naomali Amarasena, Stefan Berglund, Gundars Rasmanis, Ola Vedin, Nils Witt, Georgios Mourtzinis, Peter Nicol, Ole Hansen, Stefano Romeo, Steen Agergaard Jensen, Ingemar Torstensson, Ulf Ahremark, Torbjörn Sundelin, Tiziano Moccetti, Francois Mach, Ronald Binde, Oliver Gämperli, Wei- Chuan Tsai, Kwo-Chang Ueng, Wen-Ter Lai, Ming-En Liu, Juey- Jen Hwang, Wei-Hsian Yin, I-Chang Hsieh, Ming-Jer Hsieh, Wei Hsiang Lin, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Tsuei-Yuan Huang, Chih-Yuan Fang, Pinij Kaewsuwanna, Wasant Soonfuang, Woravut Jintapakorn, Apichard Sukonthasarn, Nattawut Wongpraparut, Krisada Sastravaha, Nakarin Sansanayudh, Wirash Kehasukcharoen, Dilok Piyayotai, Paiboon Chotnoparatpat, Ahmet Camsari, Hakan Kultursay, Bulent Mutlu, Murat Ersanli, Mustafa Demirtas, Cevat Kirma, Ertan Ural, Lale Koldas, Oleksandr Karpenko, Alexander Prokhorov, Ihor Vakaluyk, Halyna Myshanych, Dmytro Reshotko, Valeriy Batushkin, Leonid Rudenko, Ihor Kovalskyi, Mykola Kushnir, Vira Tseluyko, Yuriy Mostovoy, Mykola Stanislavchuk, Yulian Kyiak, Yuriy Karpenko, Yaroslav Malynovsky, Andriy Klantsa, Oles Kutniy, Ekaterina Amosova, Viktor Tashchuk, Oleh Leshchuk, Mykola Rishko, Mykola Kopytsya, Andriy Yagensky, Mykola Vatutin, Andriy Bagriy, Olga M Barna, Olexiy Ushakov, Georgiy Dzyak, Borys Goloborodko, Anatolii Rudenko, Volodymyr Zheleznyy, Jasper Trevelyan, Azfar Zaman, Kaeng Lee, Andrew Moriarty, Rajesh K Aggarwal, Piers Clifford, Yuk- Ki Wong, Syed MR Iqbal, Eduardas Subkovas, Denise Braganza, David Sarkar, Robert Storey, Huw Griffiths, Sam Mcclure, Rangasamy Muthusamy, Simon Smith, John Kurian, Terry Levy, Craig Barr, Honer Kadr, Robert Gerber, Audrius Simaitis, Handrean Soran, Adrian Brodison, Mohammad Ayaz, Muhammad Cheema, Richard Oliver, Simon Thackray, Telal Mudawi, Gohar Rahma, Ayyaz Sultan, Timothy Reynolds, David Sharman, david Spriging, Rob Butler, Peter Wilkinson, Gregory YH Lip, Nicholas Ossei-Gerning, Gil Vardi, Duccio Baldari, David Brabham, Charles Treasure II, Charles Dahl, Bruce Palmer, Alan Wiseman, Abul Khan, Sanjeev Puri, Ann Elizabeth Mohart, Carlos Ince, Enrique Flores, Scott Wright, Shi-Chi Cheng, Michael Rosenberg, William Rogers, Edward Kosinski, Les Forgosh, Jonathan Waltman, Mohammad Shoukfeh, Georges Dagher, Patrick Cambier, Ira Lieber, Priya Kumar, Cara East, Perry Krichmar, Mian Hasan, Lindsey White, Thomas Knickelbine, Thomas Haldis, Eve Gillespie, Thomas Amidon, David Suh, Imran Arif, mouhamad Abdallah, Faiq Akhter, Eric Carlson, Michael D’Urso, Fadi El- Ahdab, William Nelson, Katie Moriarty, Barry Harris, Steven Cohen, Luther Carter, Daniel Doty, Kenneth Sabatino, Tariq Haddad, Sunder Rao, Angel Mulkay, Ion Jovin, Kim Klancke, Vinay Malhotra, Sai K Devarapalli, Michael Koren, Harish Chandna, George Dodds III, Tauqir Goraya, James Bengston, Matthew Janik, Joseph Moran, Andrew Sumner, John Kobayashi, William Davis, Shahram Yazdani, John Pasquini, Maitreya Thakkar, Amarnath Vedere, Wayne Leimbach, James Rider, Sarah fenton, Narendra Singh, Anil V Shah, Denise Janosik, Carl Pepine, Brett Berman, Joseph Gelormini, Christopher Daniels, Kerensky Richard, Friederike Keating, Nicholas I Kondo, Sanjay Shetty, Howard Levite, Winfried Waider, Theodore Takata, Mazen Abu-Fadel, Vipul Shah, Rahul Aggarwal, Anil Kumar, Brack Hattler, Rose Do, Chad Link, Anna Bortnick, George Kinzfogl III, Arnold Ghitis, John Larry, Edward Teufel, Peter Kuhlman, Brent Mclaurin, Wenwu Zhang, Stephen Thew, Jalal Abbas, Matthew White, Othman Islam, Sumeet Subherwal, Nandkishore Ranadive, Babak Vakili, Christian Gring, David Henderson, Timothy Schuchard, Naim Farhat, Geoffrey Kline, Sharan Mahal, Jack Whitaker, Shawn Speirs, Rolf Andersen, Nizar Daboul, Phillip Horwitz, Firas Zahr, George Ponce, Zubair Jafar, Joseph Mcgarvey, Vipul Panchal, Stephen Voyce, Thomas Blok, William Sheldon, Masoud M Azizad, Carsten Schmalfuss, Mark Picone, Robert Pederson, William Herzog, Keith Friedman, Jason Lindsey, Eichenlaub Timothy, Parilak Leonard, Norman Lepor, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Howard Weintraub, Anand Irimpen, Alvaro Alonso, Wade May, Daniels Christopher, Thomas Galski, Alan Chu, Freny Mody, Ebrahimi Ramin, Zachary Hodes, Joseph Rossi, Gregory Rose, James Fairlamb, Charles Lambert, Ajit Raisinghani, Antonio Abbate, George Vetrovec, Marilyn King, Charles Carey, Jaime Gerber, Liwa Younis, Hyeun (Tom) Park, Mladen Vidovich, Thomas Knutson, Dennis Friedman, Fred Chaleff, Arthur Loussararian, Phillip Rozeman, Carey Kimmelstiel, Jeffrey Kuvin, Kevin Silver, Malcolm Foster, Glen Tonnessen, Andrey Espinoza, Mohamadali Amlani, Andreas Wali, Christopher Malozzi, Geert T Jong, Clara Massey, Keattiyoat Wattanakit, Philip J. O’Donnell, Dinesh Singal, Naseem Jaffrani, Sridhar Banuru, Daniel Fisher, Mark Xenakis, Neal Perlmutter, Ravi Bhagwat, James Strader, Ronald Blonder, Ayim Akyea-Djamson, Ajay Labroo, Kwan Lee, H. John Marais, Edmund Claxton, Robert Weiss, Rohr Kathryn, Martin Berk, Peter Rossi, Parag Joshi, Amit Khera, Ajit S Khaira, Greg Kumkumian, Steven Lupovitch, Joshua Purow, Stephen Welka, David Hoffman, Stuart Fischer, Eugene Soroka, Donald Eagerton, Samir Pancholy, Michael Ray, Norman Erenrich, Michael Farrar, Stewart Pollock, William J French, Steve Diamantis, Douglas Guy, Lawrence Gimple, Mark Neustel, Steven Schwartz, Edward Pereira, Seals Albert, Douglas Spriggs, Janet Strain, Suneet Mittal, Anthony Vo, Majed Chane, Jason Hall, Nampalli Vijay, Kapildeo Lotun, F. Martin Lester, Ahed Nahhas, Theodore Pope, Paul Nager, Rakesh Vohra, Mukesh Sharma, Riyaz Bashir, Hinan Ahmed, Michael Berlowitz, Robert Fishberg, Robert Barrucco, Eric Yang, Michael Radin, Daniel Sporn, Dwight Stapleton, Steven Eisenberg, Joel Landzberg, Martin Mcgough, Samir Turk, Michael Schwartz, P. Sandy Sundram, Diwakar Jain, Mark Zainea, Carlos Bayron, Ronald Karlsberg, Suhail Dohad, Henry Lui, William Keen, Donald Westerhausen, Sandeep Khurana, Himanshu Agarwal, Jessica Birchem, William Penny, Mark Chang, Sherrill Murphy, John Henry, Branislav Schifferdecker, John M Gilbert, Gopal Chalavarya, Charles Eaton, John F Schmedtje, Stuart Christenson, Imran Dotani, Douglas Denham, Alexander Macdonell, Paul Gibson, Aref Rahman, Tammam Al Joundi, Nizar Assi, Gary Conrad, Purushotham Kotha, Michael Love, Gregory Giesler, Howard Rubenstein, Dawood Gamil, Laura Akright, Justine Krawczyk, Joanne Cobler, Terry Wells, James Welker, Robert Foster, Richard Gilmore, Jay Anderson, Douglas Jacoby, Bill Harris, Geraldine Gardner, Ramprasad Dandillaya, Kishor Vora, John Kostis, John Hunter, David Laxson, Eric Ball, Flavia Egydio, Anelise Kawakami, Janaina Oliveira, Julianna Wozniak, Alexander Matthews, Caroline Ratky, Janine Valiris, Lisa Berdan, Anita Hepditch, Kirby Quintero, Tyrus Rorick, Melissa Westbrook, Madeleine Bezault, Elodie Drouet, Tabassome Simon, Caroline Alsweiler, Anne Luyten, Julie Butters, Liddy Griffith, Michelle Shaw, Lena Grunberg, Shahidul Islam, Marie-France Brégeault, Nathalie Bougon, Douglas Faustino, Sylvie Fontecave, Judith Murphy, Jean- Francois Tamby, Melanie Verrier, Veronique Agnetti, Dorthe Andersen, Emmy Badreddine, Mhamed Bekkouche, Cecile Bouancheau, Imane Brigui, Maddy Brocklehurst, Joseph Cianciarulo, Dawn Devaul, Szilvia Domokos, Cecile Gache, Caroline Gobillot, Severine Guillou, Jan Healy, Megan Heath, Gayatri Jaiwal, Carine Javierre, Julien Labeirie, Myriam Monier, Ulises Morales, Asmaa Mrabti, Bicky Mthombeni, Betim Okan, Lucile Smith, Jennifer Sheller, Sebastien Sopena, Valerie Pellan, Fadela Benbernou, Nafissa Bengrait, Maud Lamoureux, Katarina Kralova, Raphael Bejuit, Anthony Coulange, Christelle Berthou, Jérôme Repincay, Christelle Lorenzato, Alexis Etienne, Valerie Gouet, Virginie Loizeau, Mickael Normand, Anne Ourliac, Christelle Rondel, Antony Adamo, Pascale Beltran, Pauline Barraud, Helene Dubois-Gache, Benjamin Halle, Lamia Metwally, Maxime Mourgues, Marc Sotty, Marion Vincendet, Raluca Cotruta, Zhu Chengyue, Dominique Fournie-Lloret, Christine Morrello, Aurelie Perthuis, Patrick Picault, Isabelle Zobouyan, Helen M. Colhoun, Michael A. Dempsey, Mark A. McClanahan, Roe, Matthew T., Blicharski, Tomasz, Bystryk, Leszek, Szpajer, Michal, Korol, Marek, Czerski, Tomasz, Gniot, Jacek, Lubinski, Andrzej, Gorny, Jerzy, Franek, Edward, Raczak, Grzegorz, Vogel, Robert, Szwed, Hanna, Monteiro, Pedro, Mesquita Bastos, Jose, Pereira, Helder H., Morais, Joao, Seixo, Filipe, Mendonça, Carlos, Botelho, Ana, Caetano, Francisca, Minescu, Bogdan, Chaitman, Bernard, Istratoaie, Octavian, Tesloianu, Dan N., Dorobantu, Maria, Cristian, Gabriel, Dumitrescu, Silviu, Podoleanu, Cristian Gc, Constantinescu, Mircea Ca, Bengus, Cristina M., Militaru, Constantin, Rosu, Doina, Kelsey, Sheryl F., Parepa, Irinel R., Matei, Adrian V., Alexandru, Tom M., Malis, Mihaela, Coman, Ioan, Shvarts, Yury, Orlikova, Olga, Kobalava, Zhanna, Barbarash, Olga L., Markov, Valentin, Olsson, Anders G., Lyamina, Nadezhda, Gordienko, Alexander, Zrazhevsky, Konstantin, Vishnevsky, Alexander Y., Gurevich, Victor, Stryuk, Raisa, Lomakin, Nikita V., Bokarev, Igor, Khlevchuk, Tatiana, Shalaev, Sergey, Rouleau, Jean-Lucien, Khaisheva, Larisa, Chizhov, Petr, Viktorova, Inna, Osokina, Natalya, Shchekotov, Vladimir, Akatova, Evgenia, Chumakova, Galina, Libov, Igor, Voevoda, Mikhail I., Tretyakova, Tatyana V., Simoons, Maarten L., Baranov, Evgeny, Shustov, Sergey, Yakushin, Sergey, Gordeev, Ivan, Khasanov, Niiaz, Reshetko, Olga, Sotnikova, Tatiana, Molchanova, Olga, Nikolaev, Konstantin, Gapon, Liudmila, Alexander, Karen, Baranova, Elena, Kosmachova, Elena, Karpov, Yuriy, Karpov, Yuri, Povzun, Anton, Egorova, Liudmila, Tyrenko, Vadim V., Ivanov, Igor G., Ilya, Masterov, Kanorsky, Sergey, Meloni, Chiara, Simic, Dragan, Ivanovic, Nikola, Davidovic, Goran, Tasic, Nebojsa, Asanin, Milika R., Stojic, Stevo, Apostolovic, Svetlana R., Ilic, Stevan, Tosic, Biljana Putnikovic, Stankovic, Aleksandar, Rosenson, Robert, Arandjelovic, Aleksandra, Radovanovic, Slavica, Todic, Branislava, Ristic, Arsen D., Balinovac, Jovan, Dincic, Dragan V., Seferovic, Petar, Karadzic, Ana, Dodic, Slobodan, Dimkovic, Sinisa, Sijbrands, Eric J. G., Jakimov, Tamara, Poh, Kian-Keong, Yee Ong, Hean, Tang I-Shing, Justin, Micko, Karol, Nociar, Jan, Pella, Daniel, Fulop, Peter, Hranai, Marian, Palka, Juraj, Tricoci, Pierluigi, Mazur, Juraj, Majercák, Ivan, Dzupina, Andrej, Fazekas, František, Gonsorcik, Jozef, Bugan, Viliam, Murin, Jan, Selecky, Juraj, Kamensky, Gabriel, Strbova, Jaroslava, Alexander, John H., Smik, Rudolf, Dukat, Andrej, Olexa, Peter, Žuran, Ivan, Poklukar, Janez, Šuligoj, Nataša Černič, Cevc, Matija, Fras, Zlatko, Cyster, Henry P., Ranjith, Naresh, Armaganijan, Luciana, Corbett, Clive, Bayat, Junaid, Makoali Makotoko, Ellen, du Toit Theron, Hendrik, Kapp, Ilse E., de V Basson, Matthys M., Lottering, Hanlie, Van Aswegen, Dina, Van Zyl, Louis J., Sebastian, Peter J., Bagai, Akshay, Pillay, Thayabran, Saaiman, Jan A., Commerford, Patrick J., Cassimjee, Soraya, Riaz, Garda, Ebrahim, Iftikhar O., Sarvan, Mahomed, Mynhardt, Joseph H., Dalby, Anthony J., Reuter, Helmuth, Bahit, Maria Cecilia, Moodley, Rajendran, Vida, Manuel, Fillat, Angel R. Cequier, Peris, Vicente Bodí, Jimenez, Francisco Fuentes, Marín, Francisco, Cruz Fernández, Jose M., Hidalgo Urbano, Rafael Jesus, Gil-Extremera, Blas, Toledo, Pablo, Brennan, J. Matthew, Worner Diz, Fernando, Garcia-Dorado, David, Iñiguez, Andres, Gonzalez-Juanatey, Jose R., Portales, Javier Fernandez, Murillo, Fernando Civeira, Pericas, Laia Matas, Zamorano, Jose Luis, De Mora Martin, Manuel, Cortada, Jordi Bruguera, Clifton, Shaun, Alonso Martin, Joaquin J., Serrano Antolin, Jose Maria, De Berrazueta Fernández, José R., Vázquez de Prada, José Antonio, Díaz Fernández, Jose Francisco, García Lledó, José Alberto, Cosín Sales, Juan, Rodriguez, Javier Botas, Tragant, Gabriel Gusi, Benedicto, Amparo, DeVore, Adam D., Gonzalez-Juanatey, Carlos, Camprubí Potau, Mercedes, Perez, Ignacio Plaza, De La Tassa, César Morís, Rincon, Pablo Loma-Osorio, Recena, Javier Balaguer, Escudier, Juan M., Payeras, Antonio Coca, Orcajo, Norberto Alonso, Constantine, Godwin, Deloatch, Shalonda, Haniffa, Ruvaiz, Tissera, Nirmali, Amarasekera, Stanley, Ponnamperuma, Chandrike, Fernando, Nimali, Fernando, Kaputella, Jayawardena, Jayanthimala, Wijeyasingam, Santharaj, Ranasinghe, Gotabhaya, Ekanayaka, Ruvan, Dickey, Sheila, Mendis, Sepalika, Senaratne, Vajira, Mayurathan, Gnanamoorthy, Rajapaksha, Ajantha, Sirisena, Thilak, Herath, Jagath I., Amarasena, Naomali, Berglund, Stefan, Rasmanis, Gundars, Hagström, Emil, Dombrowski, Keith, Vedin, Ola, Witt, Nils, Mourtzinis, Georgios, Nicol, Peter, Hansen, Ole, Romeo, Stefano, Jensen, Steen Agergaard, Torstensson, Ingemar, Ahremark, Ulf, Sundelin, Torbjörn, Ducrocq, Grégory, Moccetti, Tiziano, Müller, Christian, Mach, Francois, Binde, Ronald, Landmesser, Ulf, Gämperli, Oliver, Chiang, Chern-En, Tsai, Wei-Chuan, Ueng, Kwo-Chang, Lai, Wen-Ter, Eapen, Zubin, Liu, Ming-En, Hwang, Juey-Jen, Yin, Wei-Hsian, Hsieh, I.-Chang, Hsieh, Ming-Jer, Hsiang Lin, Wei, Kuo, Jen-Yuan, Huang, Tsuei-Yuan, Fang, Chih-Yuan, Kaewsuwanna, Pinij, Endsley, Patricia, Soonfuang, Wasant, Jintapakorn, Woravut, Sukonthasarn, Apichard, Sritara, Piyamitr, Wongpraparut, Nattawut, Sastravaha, Krisada, Sansanayudh, Nakarin, Kehasukcharoen, Wirash, Piyayotai, Dilok, Chotnoparatpat, Paiboon, Eppinger, Arleen, Camsari, Ahmet, Kultursay, Hakan, Guneri, Sema, Mutlu, Bulent, Ersanli, Murat, Demirtas, Mustafa, Kirma, Cevat, Ural, Ertan, Koldas, Lale, Karpenko, Oleksandr, Harrison, Robert W., Prokhorov, Alexander, Vakaluyk, Ihor, Myshanych, Halyna, Reshotko, Dmytro, Batushkin, Valeriy, Rudenko, Leonid, Kovalskyi, Ihor, Kushnir, Mykola, Tseluyko, Vira, Mostovoy, Yuriy, Hess, Connie Ng, Stanislavchuk, Mykola, Kyiak, Yulian, Karpenko, Yuriy, Malynovsky, Yaroslav, Klantsa, Andriy, Kutniy, Oles, Amosova, Ekaterina, Tashchuk, Viktor, Leshchuk, Oleh, Parkhomenko, Alexander, Hlatky, Mark A., Rishko, Mykola, Kopytsya, Mykola, Yagensky, Andriy, Vatutin, Mykola, Bagriy, Andriy, Barna, Olga M., Ushakov, Olexiy, Dzyak, Georgiy, Goloborodko, Borys, Rudenko, Anatolii, Jordan, Joseph Dedrick, Zheleznyy, Volodymyr, Trevelyan, Jasper, Zaman, Azfar, Lee, Kaeng, Moriarty, Andrew, Aggarwal, Rajesh K., Clifford, Piers, Wong, Yuk-ki, Iqbal, Syed Mr, Subkovas, Eduardas, Knowles, Joshua W., Braganza, Denise, Sarkar, David, Storey, Robert, Griffiths, Huw, Mcclure, Sam, Muthusamy, Rangasamy, Smith, Simon, Kurian, John, Levy, Terry, Barr, Craig, Kolls, Bradley J., Kadr, Honer, Gerber, Robert, Simaitis, Audrius, Soran, Handrean, Brodison, Adrian, Ayaz, Mohammad, Cheema, Muhammad, Oliver, Richard, Thackray, Simon, Mudawi, Telal, Kong, David F., Rahma, Gohar, Sultan, Ayyaz, Reynolds, Timothy, Sharman, David, Spriging, David, Butler, Rob, Wilkinson, Peter, Lip, Gregory Yh, Ossei-Gerning, Nicholas, Vardi, Gil, Leonardi, Sergio, Baldari, Duccio, Brabham, David, Treasure Ii, Charles, Dahl, Charles, Palmer, Bruce, Wiseman, Alan, Khan, Abul, Puri, Sanjeev, Mohart, Ann Elizabeth, Ince, Carlos, Lillis, Linda, Flores, Enrique, Wright, Scott, Cheng, Shi-Chi, Rosenberg, Michael, Rogers, William, Kosinski, Edward, Forgosh, Les, Waltman, Jonathan, Shoukfeh, Mohammad, Dagher, Georges, Lopes, Renato D., Cambier, Patrick, Lieber, Ira, Kumar, Priya, East, Cara, Krichmar, Perry, Hasan, Mian, White, Lindsey, Knickelbine, Thomas, Haldis, Thomas, Gillespie, Eve, Maron, David J., Amidon, Thomas, Suh, David, Arif, Imran, Abdallah, Mouhamad, Akhter, Faiq, Carlson, Eric, D'Urso, Michael, El-Ahdab, Fadi, Nelson, William, Moriarty, Katie, Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Harris, Barry, Cohen, Steven, Carter, Luther, Doty, Daniel, Sabatino, Kenneth, Haddad, Tariq, Rao, Sunder, Mulkay, Angel, Jovin, Ion, Klancke, Kim, Marcus, Jill, Malhotra, Vinay, Devarapalli, Sai K., Koren, Michael, Chandna, Harish, Dodds Iii, George, Goraya, Tauqir, Bengston, James, Janik, Matthew, Moran, Joseph, Sumner, Andrew, Mathews, Robin, Kobayashi, John, Davis, William, Yazdani, Shahram, Pasquini, John, Thakkar, Maitreya, Vedere, Amarnath, Leimbach, Wayne, Rider, James, Fenton, Sarah, Singh, Narendra, Mehta, Rajendra H., Shah, Anil V., Moriarty, Patrick M., Janosik, Denise, Pepine, Carl, Berman, Brett, Gelormini, Joseph, Daniels, Christopher, Richard, Kerensky, Keating, Friederike, Kondo, Nicholas I., Mentz, Robert J., Shetty, Sanjay, Levite, Howard, Waider, Winfried, Takata, Theodore, Abu-Fadel, Mazen, Shah, Vipul, Aggarwal, Rahul, Kumar, Anil, Hattler, Brack, Do, Rose, Moreira, Humberto Graner, Link, Chad, Bortnick, Anna, Kinzfogl Iii, George, Ghitis, Arnold, Larry, John, Teufel, Edward, Kuhlman, Peter, Mclaurin, Brent, Zhang, Wenwu, Thew, Stephen, Patel, Chetan B., Abbas, Jalal, White, Matthew, Islam, Othman, Subherwal, Sumeet, Ranadive, Nandkishore, Vakili, Babak, Gring, Christian, Henderson, David, Schuchard, Timothy, Farhat, Naim, Pereira, Sabrina Bernardez, Kline, Geoffrey, Mahal, Sharan, Whitaker, Jack, Speirs, Shawn, Andersen, Rolf, Daboul, Nizar, Horwitz, Phillip, Zahr, Firas, Ponce, George, Jafar, Zubair, Perkins, Lynn, Mcgarvey, Joseph, Panchal, Vipul, Voyce, Stephen, Blok, Thomas, Sheldon, William, Azizad, Masoud M., Schmalfuss, Carsten, Picone, Mark, Pederson, Robert, Herzog, William, Povsic, Thomas J., Friedman, Keith, Lindsey, Jason, Timothy, Eichenlaub, Leonard, Parilak, Lepor, Norman, El Shahawy, Mahfouz, Weintraub, Howard, Irimpen, Anand, Alonso, Alvaro, May, Wade, Puymirat, Etienne, Christopher, Daniels, Galski, Thomas, Chu, Alan, Mody, Freny, Ramin, Ebrahimi, Hodes, Zachary, Rossi, Joseph, Rose, Gregory, Fairlamb, James, Lambert, Charles, Raisinghani, Ajit, Abbate, Antonio, Vetrovec, George, King, Marilyn, Carey, Charles, Gerber, Jaime, Younis, Liwa, Park, Hyeun Tom, Vidovich, Mladen, Knutson, Thomas, Jones, William Schuyler, Friedman, Dennis, Chaleff, Fred, Loussararian, Arthur, Rozeman, Phillip, Kimmelstiel, Carey, Kuvin, Jeffrey, Silver, Kevin, Foster, Malcolm, Tonnessen, Glen, Espinoza, Andrey, Shah, Bimal R., Amlani, Mohamadali, Wali, Andreas, Malozzi, Christopher, Jong, Geert T., Massey, Clara, Wattanakit, Keattiyoat, O'Donnell, Philip J., Singal, Dinesh, Jaffrani, Naseem, Banuru, Sridhar, Sherwood, Matthew W., Fisher, Daniel, Xenakis, Mark, Perlmutter, Neal, Bhagwat, Ravi, Strader, James, Blonder, Ronald, Akyea-Djamson, Ayim, Labroo, Ajay, Lee, Kwan, Marais, H. John, Stringfellow, Kenya, Claxton, Edmund, Weiss, Robert, Kathryn, Rohr, Berk, Martin, Rossi, Peter, Joshi, Parag, Khera, Amit, Khaira, Ajit S., Kumkumian, Greg, Lupovitch, Steven, Sujjavanich, Darin, Purow, Joshua, Welka, Stephen, Hoffman, David, Fischer, Stuart, Soroka, Eugene, Eagerton, Donald, Pancholy, Samir, Ray, Michael, Erenrich, Norman, Farrar, Michael, Toma, Mustafa, Pollock, Stewart, French, William J., Diamantis, Steve, Guy, Douglas, Gimple, Lawrence, Neustel, Mark, Schwartz, Steven, Pereira, Edward, Albert, Seals, Spriggs, Douglas, Trotter, Charlene, Strain, Janet, Mittal, Suneet, Vo, Anthony, Chane, Majed, Hall, Jason, Vijay, Nampalli, Lotun, Kapildeo, Lester, F. Martin, Nahhas, Ahed, Pope, Theodore, van Diepen, Sean F. P., Nager, Paul, Vohra, Rakesh, Sharma, Mukesh, Bashir, Riyaz, Ahmed, Hinan, Berlowitz, Michael, Fishberg, Robert, Barrucco, Robert, Yang, Eric, Radin, Michael, Wilson, Matthew D., Sporn, Daniel, Stapleton, Dwight, Eisenberg, Steven, Landzberg, Joel, Mcgough, Martin, Turk, Samir, Schwartz, Michael, Sundram, P. Sandy, Jain, Diwakar, Zainea, Mark, Tze-Kay Yan, Andrew, Bayron, Carlos, Karlsberg, Ronald, Dohad, Suhail, Lui, Henry, Keen, William, Westerhausen, Donald, Khurana, Sandeep, Agarwal, Himanshu, Birchem, Jessica, Penny, William, Schiavi, Lilia B., Chang, Mark, Murphy, Sherrill, Henry, John, Schifferdecker, Branislav, Gilbert, John M., Chalavarya, Gopal, Eaton, Charles, Schmedtje, John F., Christenson, Stuart, Dotani, Imran, Garrido, Marcelo, Denham, Douglas, Macdonell, Alexander, Gibson, Paul, Rahman, Aref, Al Joundi, Tammam, Assi, Nizar, Conrad, Gary, Kotha, Purushotham, Love, Michael, Giesler, Gregory, Alvarisqueta, Andrés F., Rubenstein, Howard, Gamil, Dawood, Akright, Laura, Krawczyk, Justine, Cobler, Joanne, Wells, Terry, Welker, James, Foster, Robert, Gilmore, Richard, Anderson, Jay, Sassone, Sonia A., Jacoby, Douglas, Harris, Bill, Gardner, Geraldine, Dandillaya, Ramprasad, Vora, Kishor, Kostis, John, Hunter, John, Laxson, David, Ball, Eric, Bordonava, Anselmo P., Egydio, Flavia, Kawakami, Anelise, Oliveira, Janaina, Goodman, Shaun G., Wozniak, Julianna, Alves De Lima, Alberto E., Matthews, Alexander, Ratky, Caroline, Valiris, Janine, Berdan, Lisa, Hepditch, Anita, Quintero, Kirby, Rorick, Tyrus, Westbrook, Melissa, Danchin, Nicolas, Schmidberg, Jorge M., Bezault, Madeleine, Drouet, Elodie, Simon, Tabassome, White, Harvey D., Alsweiler, Caroline, Sinnaeve, Peter, Luyten, Anne, Aylward, Philip E., Butters, Julie, Griffith, Liddy, Duronto, Ernesto A., Shaw, Michelle, Grunberg, Lena, Szarek, Michael, Islam, Shahidul, Brégeault, Marie-France, Bougon, Nathalie, Faustino, Douglas, Fontecave, Sylvie, Murphy, Judith, Caruso, Orlando C., Tamby, Jean-Francois, Verrier, Melanie, Agnetti, Veronique, Andersen, Dorthe, Badreddine, Emmy, Bekkouche, Mhamed, Bouancheau, Cecile, Brigui, Imane, Brocklehurst, Maddy, Cianciarulo, Joseph, Novaretto, Leonardo P., Devaul, Dawn, Domokos, Szilvia, Gache, Cecile, Gobillot, Caroline, Guillou, Severine, Healy, Jan, Heath, Megan, Jaiwal, Gayatri, Javierre, Carine, Labeirie, Julien, Hominal, Miguel Angel, Monier, Myriam, Morales, Ulises, Mrabti, Asmaa, Mthombeni, Bicky, Okan, Betim, Smith, Lucile, Sheller, Jennifer, Sopena, Sebastien, Pellan, Valerie, Benbernou, Fadela, Montaña, Oscar R., Bengrait, Nafissa, Lamoureux, Maud, Kralova, Katarina, Scemama, Michel, Bejuit, Raphael, Coulange, Anthony, Berthou, Christelle, Repincay, Jérôme, Lorenzato, Christelle, Etienne, Alexis, Caccavo, Alberto, Gouet, Valerie, Lecorps, Guillaume, Loizeau, Virginie, Normand, Mickael, Ourliac, Anne, Rondel, Christelle, Adamo, Antony, Beltran, Pascale, Barraud, Pauline, Dubois-Gache, Helene, Gomez Vilamajo, Oscar A., Halle, Benjamin, Metwally, Lamia, Mourgues, Maxime, Sotty, Marc, Vincendet, Marion, Cotruta, Raluca, Chengyue, Zhu, Fournie-Lloret, Dominique, Morrello, Christine, Perthuis, Aurelie, Lorenzatti, Alberto J., Picault, Patrick, Zobouyan, Isabelle, Colhoun, Helen M., Dempsey, Michael A., McClanahan, Mark A., Cartasegna, Luis R., Paterlini, Gustavo A., Mackinnon, Ignacio J., Caime, Guillermo D., Amuchastegui, Marcos, Salomone, Oscar, Codutti, Oscar R., Jure, Horacio O., Bono, Julio Oe, Hrabar, Adrian D., Vallejos, Julio A., Ahuad Guerrero, Rodolfo A., Novoa, Federico, Patocchi, Cristian A., Zaidman, Cesar J., Giuliano, Maria E., Schwartz, Gregory G., Dran, Ricardo D., Vico, Marisa L., Carnero, Gabriela S., Guzman, Pablo N., Medrano Allende, Juan C., Garcia Brasca, Daniela F., Bustamante Labarta, Miguel H., Nani, Sebastian, Blumberg, Eduardo Ds, Colombo, Hugo R., Bhatt, Deepak L., Liberman, Alberto, Fuentealba, Victorino, Luciardi, Hector L., Waisman, Gabriel D., Berli, Mario A., Garcia Duran, Ruben O., Cestari, Horacio G., Luquez, Hugo A., Giordano, Jorge A., Saavedra, Silvia S., Bittner, Vera A., Zapata, Gerardo, Costamagna, Osvaldo, Llois, Susana, Waites, Jonathon H., Collins, Nicholas, Soward, Allan, Hii, Chris Ls, Shaw, James, Diaz, Rafael, Arstall, Margaret A., Horowitz, John, Ninio, Daniel, Rogers, James F., Colquhoun, David, Oqueli Flores, Romulo E., Roberts-Thomson, Philip, Raffel, Owen, Lehman, Sam J., Aroney, Constantine, Coverdale, Steven Gm, Garrahy, Paul J., Starmer, Gregory, Sader, Mark, Carroll, Patrick A., Dick, Ronald, Zweiker, Robert, Hoppe, Uta, Drexel, Heinz, Huber, Kurt, Harrington, Robert A., Berger, Rudolf, Delle-Karth, Georg, Frey, Bernhard, Weidinger, Franz, Faes, Dirk, Hermans, Kurt, Pirenne, Bruno, Leone, Attilio, Hoffer, Etienne, Jukema, J. Wouter, Vrolix, Mathias Cm, De Wolf, Luc, Wollaert, Bart, Castadot, Marc, Dujardin, Karl, Beauloye, Christophe, Vervoort, Geert, Striekwold, Harry, Convens, Carl, Roosen, John, Barbato, Emanuele, Claeys, Marc, Cools, Frank, Terzic, Ibrahim, Barakovic, Fahir, Midzic, Zlatko, Pojskic, Belma, Fazlibegovic, Emir, Dilic, Mirza, Durak-Nalbantic, Azra, Kulić, Mehmed, Vulic, Dusko, Muslibegovic, Adis, Goronja, Boris, Reis, Gilmar, Sousa, Luciano, Nicolau, Jose C., Giorgeto, Flavio E., Silva, Ricardo P., Maia, Lilia Nigro, Zeiher, Andreas M., Rech, Rafael, Rossi, Paulo Rf, Cerqueira, Maria José Ag, Duda, Norberto, Kalil, Renato, Kormann, Adrian, Abrantes, José Antonio M., Filho, Pedro Pimentel, Soggia, Ana Priscila, de Santos, Mayler On, Neuenschwander, Fernando, Bodanese, Luiz C., Michalaros, Yorghos L., Eliaschewitz, Freddy G., Vidotti, Maria H., Leaes, Paulo E., Botelho, Roberto V., Kaiser, Sergio, Manenti, Euler Roberto F. Fernandes, Precoma, Dalton B., Moura Jorge, Jose C., Silva, Pedro, Silveira, Jose A., Saporito, Wladmir, Neto, Jose A. Marin, Feitosa, Gilson S., Ritt, Luiz Eduardo F., de Souza, Juliana A., Costa, Fernando, Souza, Weimar Ksb, Reis, Helder Jl, Machado, Leandro, Aidar Ayoub, José Carlos, Todorov, Georgi V., Nikolov, Fedya P., Velcheva, Elena S., Tzekova, Maria L., Benov, Haralambi O., Petranov, Stanislav L., Edelberg, Jay M., Tumbev, Haralin S., Shehova-Yankova, Nina S., Markov, Dimitar T., Raev, Dimitar H., Mollov, Mihail N., Kichukov, Kostadin N., Ilieva-Pandeva, Katya A., Gotcheva, Nina N., Ivanova, Raya, Gospodinov, Maryana, Hanotin, Corinne, Mincheva, Valentina M., Lazov, Petar V., Dimov, Bojidar I., Senaratne, Manohara, Stone, James, Kornder, Jan, Pearce, Stephen, Dion, Danielle, Savard, Daniel, Pesant, Yves, Pandey, Amritanshu, Robinson, Simon, Gosselin, Gilbert, Vizel, Saul, Hoag, Gordon, Bourgeois, Ronald, Morisset, Anne, Sabbah, Eric, Sussex, Bruce, Kouz, Simon, Moryusef, Angèle, MacDonald, Paul, Diaz, Ariel, Michaud, Nicolas, Fell, David, Leung, Raymond, Vuurmans, Tycho, Lai, Christopher, Nigro, Frank, Davies, Richard, Nogareda, Gustavo, Pordy, Robert, Vijayaraghavan, Ram, Ducas, John, Lepage, Serge, Mehta, Shamir, Cha, James, Dupuis, Robert, Fong, Peter, Lutchmedial, Sohrab, Rodes-Cabau, Josep, Fadlallah, Hussein, Sasiela, William J., Cleveland, David, Huynh, Thao, Bata, Iqbal, Hameed, Adnan, Pincetti, Cristian, Potthoff, Sergio, Prieto, Juan C., Acevedo, Monica, Aguirre, Arnoldo, Vejar, Margarita, Tamby, Jean-François, Yañez, Mario, Araneda, Guillermo, Fernandez, Mauricio, Perez, Luis, Varleta, Paola, Florenzano, Fernando, Huidobro, Laura, Raffo, Carlos A., Olivares, Claudia, Nahuelpan, Leonardo, Montecinos, Humberto, Chen, Jiyan, Dong, Yugang, Huang, Weijian, Wang, Jianzhong, Huang, Shi'An, Yao, Zhuhua, Li, Xiang, Cui, Lan, Lin, Wenhua, Sun, Yuemin, Wang, Jingfeng, Li, Jianping, Zhang, Xuelian, Zhu, Hong, Chen, Dandan, Huang, Lan, Dong, Shaohong, Su, Guohai, Xu, Biao, Su, Xi, Cheng, Xiaoshu, Lin, Jinxiu, Zong, Wenxia, Li, Huanming, Feng, Yi, Xu, Dingli, Yang, Xinchun, Ke, Yuannan, Lin, Xuefeng, Zhang, Zheng, Zheng, Zeqi, Luo, Zhurong, Chen, Yundai, Ding, Chunhua, Zhong, Yi, Zheng, Yang, Li, Xiaodong, Peng, Daoquan, Zhao, Shuiping, Li, Ying, Liu, Xuebo, Wei, Meng, Liu, Shaowen, Yu, Yihua, Qu, Baiming, Jiang, Weihong, Zhou, Yujie, Zhao, Xingsheng, Yuan, Zuyi, Guo, Ying, Xu, Xiping, Shi, Xubo, Ge, Junbo, Fu, Guosheng, Bai, Feng, Fang, Weiyi, Shou, Xiling, Yang, Xiangjun, Wang, Jian'An, Xiang, Meixiang, Sun, Yingxian, Lu, Qinghua, Zhang, Ruiyan, Zhu, Jianhua, Xu, Yizhou, Fan, Zhongcai, Li, Tianchang, Wu, Chun, Jaramillo, Nicolas, Vallejo, Gregorio Sanchez, Luna Botia, Diana C., Lopez, Rodrigo Botero, De Salazar, Dora I. Molina, Bonfanti, Alberto J. Cadena, Aroca, Carlos Cotes, Higuera, Juan Diego, Blanquicett, Marco, Barrera Silva, Sandra I., Garcia Lozada, Henry J., Prieto, Juan-Carlos, Coronel Arroyo, Julian A., Accini Mendoza, Jose L., Fernandez Ruiz, Ricardo L., Quintero Ossa, Alvaro M., Manzur Jatin, Fernando G., Sotomayor Herazo, Aristides, Parada, Jeffrey Castellanos, Arambula, Rafael Suarez, Urina Triana, Miguel A., Trujillo, Angela M. Fernandez, Yong, Huo, Strozzi, Maja, Car, Siniša, Miličić, Davor, Lovrić Benčić, Martina, Pintarić, Hrvoje, Prvulović, Đeiti, Šikić, Jozica, Peršić, Viktor, Mileta, Dean, Štambuk, Kresimir, López-Jaramillo, Patricio, Babić, Zdravko, Tomulic, Vjekoslav, Lukenda, Josip, Mejic-Krstulovic, Stanka, Starcevic, Boris, Spinar, Jindrich, Horak, David, Velicka, Zdenek, Alan, David, Machova, Vilma, Pećin, Ivan, Linhart, Ales, Novotny, Vojtech, Kaucak, Vladimir, Rokyta, Richard, Naplava, Robert, Coufal, Zdenek, Adamkova, Vera, Podpera, Ivo, Zizka, Jiri, Motovska, Zuzana, Reiner, Zeljko, Marusincova, Ivana, Ostadal, Petr, Heinc, Petr, Kuchar, Jiri, Povolny, Petr, Matuska, Jiri, Poulsen, Steen H., Raungaard, Bent, Clemmensen, Peter, Bang, Lia E., May, Ole, Bøttcher, Morten, Hove, Jens D., Frost, Lars, Gislason, Gunnar, Larsen, John, Johansen, Peter Betton, Hald, Flemming, Johansen, Peter, Jeppesen, Jørgen, Poulsen, Steen Hvitfeldt, Nielsen, Tonny, Kristensen, Kjeld S., Walichiewicz, Piotr Maria, Lomholdt, Jens D., Klausen, Ib C., Nielsen, Peter Kaiser, Davidsen, Flemming, Videbaek, Lars, Viigimaa, Margus, Soots, Mai, Vahula, Veiko, Hedman, Anu, Soopõld, Üllar, Märtsin, Kaja, Jurgenson, Tiina, Kristjan, Arved, Nieminen, Markku S., Vikman, Saila, Huikuri, Heikki, Airaksinen, Juhani, Coste, Pierre, Ferrari, Emile, Morel, Olivier, Montalescot, Gilles, Machecourt, Jacques, Barone-Rochette, Gilles, Mansourati, Jacques, Cottin, Yves, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Leclercq, Florence, Belhassane, Abdelkader, Delarche, Nicolas, Boccara, Franck, Paganelli, Franck, Clerc, Jérôme, Schiele, Francois, Aboyans, Victor, Probst, Vincent, Berland, Jacques, Chumburidze, Vakhtang, Lefèvre, Thierry, Khintibidze, Irakli, Shaburishvili, Tamaz, Pagava, Zurab, Ghlonti, Ramaz, Lominadze, Zaza, Khabeishvili, George, Hemetsberger, Rayyan, Edward, Kemala, Marx, Nikolaus, Rauch-Kröhnert, Ursula, Stratmann, Matthias, Appel, Karl-Friedrich, Schmidt, Ekkehard, Omran, Heyder, Stellbrink, Christoph, Dorsel, Thomas, Lianopoulos, Emmanouil, Vöhringer, Hans Friedrich, Marx, Roger, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Zirlik, Andreas, Schellenberg, Detlev, Heitzer, Thomas, Laufs, Ulrich, Werner, Christian, Gielen, Stephan, Nuding, Sebastian, Winkelmann, Bernhard, Behrens, Steffen, Carlos, Pablo, Sydow, Karsten, Karakas, Mahir, Simonis, Gregor, Muenzel, Thomas, Werner, Nikos, Leggewie, Stefan, Böcker, Dirk, Braun-Dullaeus, Rüdiger, Toursarkissian, Nicole, Jeserich, Michael, Valdovinos, Montenegro, Weißbrodt, Matthias, Schaeufele, Tim, Weil, Joachim, Völler, Heinz, Waltenberger, Johannes, Natour, Mohammed, Schmitt, Susanne, Müller-Wieland, Dirk, Steiner, Stephan, Heidenreich, Lothar, Tse, Hung-Fat, Offers, Elmar, Gremmler, Uwe, Killat, Holger, Rieker, Werner, Patsilinakos, Sotiris, Kartalis, Athanasios, Manolis, Athanassios, Sionis, Dimitrios, Chachalis, Geargios, Kiss, Robert Gabor, Skoumas, Ioannis, Athyros, Vasilios, Vardas, Panagiotis, Parthenakis, Frangkiskos, Hahalis, Georgios, Lekakis, John, Hatzitolios, Apostolos, Fausto Ovando, Sergio R., Montenegro Valdovinos, Pablo Carlos, Arango Benecke, Juan L., Xavier, Denis, Rodriguez De Leon, Edgar R., Yan, Bryan Py, Siu, David Cw, Turi, Tibor, Merkely, Bela, Gabor Kiss, Robert, Ungi, Imre, Lupkovics, Geza, Nagy, Lajos, Katona, András, Zahger, Doron, Édes, István, Müller, Gábor, Horvath, Iván, Kapin, Tibor, Szigeti, Zsolt, Faluközy, József, Kumbla, Mukund, Sandhu, Manjinder, Annam, Sharath, Reddy Proddutur, Naveen, Valgimigli, Marco, Regella, Reddy, Premchand, Rajendra K., Mahajan, Ajaykumar, Pawar, Sudhir, Abhyanakar, Atul D., Kerkar, Prafulla, Govinda, Ravishankar A., Oomman, Abraham, Sinha, Dhurjati, Patil, Sachin N., Kimura, Takeshi, Kahali, Dhiman, Sawhney, Jitendra, Joshi, Abhijeet B., Chaudhary, Sanjeev, Harkut, Pankaj, Guha, Santanu, Porwal, Sanjay, Jujjuru, Srimannarayana, Pothineni, Ramesh B., Monteiro, Minguel R., Kim, Hyo Soo, Khan, Aziz, Iyengar, Shamanna S., Grewal, Jasprakash Singh, Chopda, Manoj, Fulwani, Mahesh C., Patange, Dr Aparna, Sachin, Patil, Chopra, Vijay K., Goyal, Naresh K., Shinde, Rituparna, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Manakshe, Gajendra V., Patki, Nitin, Sethi, Sumeet, Munusamy, Vengatesh, Sunil Thanvi, Sunil Karnaand, Adhyapak, Srilakshmi, Patil, Chandrakant, Pandurangi, Ulhas, Mathur, Rishabh, Gupta, Jugal, Erglis, Andrejs, Kalashetti, Suhas, Bhagwat, Ajit, Raghuraman, Bagirath, Kumar Yerra, Shiv, Bhansali, Prasant, Borse, Rohidas, Rahul, Patil, Das, Srihari, Kumar, Vinay, Abdullakutty, Jabir, Laucevicius, Aleksandras, Saathe, Shireesh, Palimkar, Priya, Abdullkutty, Jabir, Sathe, Shireesh, Atar, Shaul, Shechter, Michael, Mosseri, Morris, Arbel, Yaron, Ehud, Chorin, Ofer, Havakuk, Kedev, Sasko, Lotan, Chaim, Rosenschein, Uri, Katz, Amos, Henkin, Yaakov, Francis, Adi, Klutstein, Marc, Nikolsky, Eugenia, Zukermann, Robert, Turgeman, Yoav, Halabi, Majdi, Yusoff, Khalid, Marmor, Alon, Kornowski, Ran, Jonas, Michael, Amir, Offer, Hasin, Yonathan, Rozenman, Yoseph, Fuchs, Shmuel, Zvi, Vered, Hussein, Osamah, Gavish, Dov, Ramos López, Gabriel Arturo, Vered, Zvi, Caraco, Yoseph, Elias, Mazen, Tov, Naveh, Wolfovitz, Efrat, Lishner, Michael, Elias, Nizar, Piovaccari, Giancarlo, De Pellegrin, Annamaria, Garbelotto, Raffaella, Alings, Marco, Guardigli, Gabriele, Marco, Valgimigli, Licciardello, Giovanni, Auguadro, Carla, Scalise, Filippo, Cuccia, Claudio, Salvioni, Alessandro, Musumeci, Giuseppe, Senni, Michelle, Calabrò, Paolo, Novo, Salvatore, Faggiano, Pompilio, Metra, Marco, De Cesare, Nicoletta B., Berti, Sergio, Puccioni, Enrico, Galvani, Marcello, Tespili, Maurizio, Piatti, PierMarco, Palvarini, Michela, Halvorsen, Sigrun, De Luca, Giuseppe, Violini, Roberto, De Leo, Alessandro, Olivari, Zoran, Filardi, Pasquale Perrone, Ferratini, Maurizio, Racca, Vittorio, Dai, Kazuoki, Shimatani, Yuji, Kamiya, Haruo, Correa Flores, Roger M., Ando, Kenji, Takeda, Yoshihiro, Morino, Yoshihiro, Hata, Yoshiki, Kimura, Kazuo, Kishi, Koichi, Michishita, Ichiro, Uehara, Hiroki, Higashikata, Toshinori, Hirayama, Atsushi, Sy, Rody G., Hirooka, Keiji, Doi, Yasuji, Sakagami, Satoru, Taguchi, Shuichi, Koike, Akihiro, Fujinaga, Hiroyuki, Koba, Shinji, Kozuma, Ken, Kawasaki, Tomohiro, Ono, Yujiro, Budaj, Andrzej, Shimizu, Masatoshi, Katsuda, Yousuke, Wada, Atsuyuki, Shinke, Toshiro, Ako, Junya, Fujii, Kenshi, Takahashi, Toshiyuki, Nakao, Koichi, Furukawa, Yutaka, Sugino, Hiroshi, Tamura, Ritsu, Mano, Toshiaki, Uematsu, Masaaki, Utsu, Noriaki, Ito, Kashima, Haraguchi, Takuya, Sato, Katsuhiko, Ueda, Yasunori, Nishibe, Akira, Fujimoto, Kazuteru, Masutani, Motomaru, Yoon, Jung Han, Kim, Hack-Lyoung, Sik Park, Hun, Chae, In-Ho, Kim, Moo Hyun, Jeong, Myung Ho, Rha, Seungwoon, Kim, Chongjin, Kim, Hyo-Soo, Kim, Hae Young, Hong, Taekjong, Tahk, Seung-Jea, Kim, Youngkwon, Busmane, Arija, Pontaga, Natalija, Strelnieks, Aldis, Mintale, Iveta, Sime, Iveta, Petrulioniene, Zaneta, Kavaliauskiene, Roma, Jurgaitiene, Ruta, Sakalyte, Gintare, Slapikas, Rimvydas, Norkiene, Sigute, Misonis, Nerijus, Chua, Terrance, Kibarskis, Aleksandras, Kubilius, Raimondas, Bojovski, Stojko, Lozance, Nensi, Kjovkaroski, Aleksandar, Doncovska, Snezana, Ong, Tiong Kiam, Kasim, Sazzli, Maskon, Oteh, Kandasamy, Balachandran, Liew, Houng B., Wan Mohamed, Wan Mohd Izani, Castillo, Armando García, Calvillo, Jorge Carrillo, Campos, Pedro Fajardo, Núñez Fragoso, Juan Carlos, Bayram Llamas, Edmundo Alfredo, Alcocer Gamba, Marco Antonio, Madrigal, Jaime Carranza, González Salas, Luis Gerardo, Rosas, Enrique López, González Díaz, Belinda, Vázquez, Eduardo Salcido, Nacoud Ackar, Alfredo, Llamas Esperón, Guillermo Antonio, Martínez Sánchez, Carlos Rodolfo, De Leon, María Guerrero, Suarez Otero, Rodrigo, Salmón, Guillermo Fanghänel, Pérez Ríos, Jesús Antonio, Garza Ruíz, José Angel, Breedveld, Robert W., Feenema-Aardema, Margriet, Borger-Van Der Burg, Alida, Hoogslag, Pieter Am, Suryapranata, Harry, Tuñón, José, Oomen, Antonius, Van Haelst, Paulus, Feenema-Aradema, Margriet, Wiersma, Jacobijne J., Basart, Dirk, Van Der Wal, Ruud Ma, Zwart, Peter, Monraats, Pascalle, Van Kesteren, Henricus, Karalis, Ioannis, de Silva, H. Asita, Jukema, Johan, Verdel, Gerardus Je, Brueren, Bart Rg, Troquay, Roland P. Th, Viergever, Eric P., Al-Windy, Nadea Yy, Bartels, Gerard L., Cornel, Jan H., Hermans, Walter Rm, Herrman, Johannes Pr, Bos, Robert J., Groutars, Reginald Gej, Van Der Zwaan, Coenraad C., Kaplan, Refik, Ronner, Eelko, Groenemeijer, Bjorn E., Bronzwaer, Patrick Na, Liem, Anho Ah, Rensing, Bernard Jwm, Bokern, Marcel Jja, Nijmeijer, Remco, Hersbach, Ferry Mrj, Willems, Frank F., Gosselink, Antonius Tm, Rasoul, Saman, Elliott, John, Wilkins, Gerard, Fisher, Raewyn, Scott, Douglas, Hart, Hamish, Stewart, Ralph, Harding, Scott, Ternouth, Ian, Fisher, Nicholas, Wilson, Samuel, Aitken, Denise, Anscombe, Russell, Davidson, Laura, Tomala, Tadeusz, Nygård, Ottar, Sparby, Jon Arne, Andersen, Kjell, Gullestad, Lars, Jortveit, Jarle, Munk, Peter S., Singsaas, Erlend Gyllensten, Hurtig, Ulf, Calderon Ticona, Jorge R., Durand Velasquez, Julio R., Negron Miguel, Sandra A., Sanabria Perez, Enrique S., Carrion Chambilla, Jesus M., Chavez Ayala, Carlos A., Castillo Leon, Reynaldo P., Vargas GonzalesC, Rolando J., Hernandez Zuniga, Jose D., Camacho Cosavalente, Luis A., Bravo Mannucci, Jorge E., Landeo, Javier Heredia, Llerena Navarro, Nassip C., Roldan Concha, Yudy M., Rodriguez Chavez, Víctor E., Anchante Hernandez, Henry A., Zea Nunez, Carlos A., Ramos, Walter Mogrovejo, Ferrolino, Arthur, Sy, Rosa Allyn G., Tirador, Louie, Matiga, Generoso, Coching, Raul Martin, Bernan, Alisa, Rogelio, Gregorio, Morales, Dante D., Tan, Edgar, Sulit, Dennis Jose, Wlodarczak, Adrian, Skonieczny, Grzegorz, Ray, Kausik K., Pawlowicz, Lidia, Wojewoda, Pawel, Busz-Papiez, Benita, Bednarski, Janusz, Goch, Aleksander, Staneta, Pawel, Dulak, Elzbieta, Saminski, Krzysztof, Krasowski, Wlodzimierz, Sudnik, Wanda, Zurakowski, Aleksander, Skorski, Marcin, Lysek, Roman, Miklaszewicz, Beata, Lipko, Jan Andrzej, Kostarska-Srokosz, Edyta, Piepiorka, Marek, Drzewiecka, Anna, Stasiewski, Arkadiusz, Bhatt, Deepak L, Bittner, Vera A, Goodman, Shaun G, Harrington, Robert A, Jukema, J Wouter, White, Harvey D, Zeiher, Andreas M, Roe, Matthew T, Mahaffey, Kenneth W, Edelberg, Jay M, Sasiela, William J, Aylward, Philip E, Lopes, Renato D, Gotcheva, Nina N, Nieminen, Markku S, Laucevičius, Aleksandras, Correa Flores, Roger M, Sy, Rody G, Ristic, Arsen D, Dalby, Anthony J, de Silva, H Asita, Ray, Kausik K, Moriarty, Patrick M, Kelsey, Sheryl F, Olsson, Anders G, Simoons, Maarten L, Sijbrands, Eric J G, Alexander, John H, Brennan, J Matthew, DeVore, Adam D, Harrison, Robert W, Hlatky, Mark A, Knowles, Joshua W, Kolls, Bradley J, Kong, David F, Maron, David J, Mehta, Rajendra H, Mentz, Robert J, Patel, Chetan B, Povsic, Thomas J, Shah, Bimal R, Sherwood, Matthew W, van Diepen, Sean F P, Wilson, Matthew D, Schiavi, Lilia B, Alvarisqueta, Andrés F, Sassone, Sonia A, Bordonava, Anselmo P, Alves De Lima, Alberto E, Schmidberg, Jorge M, Duronto, Ernesto A, Caruso, Orlando C, Novaretto, Leonardo P, Montaña, Oscar R, Gomez Vilamajo, Oscar A, Lorenzatti, Alberto J, Cartasegna, Luis R, Paterlini, Gustavo A, Mackinnon, Ignacio J, Caime, Guillermo D, Codutti, Oscar R, Jure, Horacio O, Hrabar, Adrian D, Vallejos, Julio A, Ahuad Guerrero, Rodolfo A, Patocchi, Cristian A, Zaidman, Cesar J, Giuliano, Maria E, Dran, Ricardo D, Vico, Marisa L, Carnero, Gabriela S, Guzman, Pablo N, Medrano Allende, Juan C, Garcia Brasca, Daniela F, Bustamante Labarta, Miguel H, Colombo, Hugo R, Luciardi, Hector L, Waisman, Gabriel D, Berli, Mario A, Garcia Duran, Ruben O, Cestari, Horacio G, Luquez, Hugo A, Giordano, Jorge A, Saavedra, Silvia S, Waites, Jonathon H, Arstall, Margaret A, Rogers, James F, Oqueli Flores, Romulo E, Lehman, Sam J, Garrahy, Paul J, Carroll, Patrick A, Wolf, Luc De, Nicolau, Jose C, Giorgeto, Flavio E, Silva, Ricardo P, Abrantes, José Antonio M, Bodanese, Luiz C, Michalaros, Yorghos L, Eliaschewitz, Freddy G, Vidotti, Maria H, Leaes, Paulo E, Botelho, Roberto V, Manenti, Euler Roberto F Fernandes, Precoma, Dalton B, Moura Jorge, Jose C, Silveira, Jose A, Neto, Jose A Marin, Feitosa, Gilson S, Ritt, Luiz Eduardo F, de Souza, Juliana A, Todorov, Georgi V, Nikolov, Fedya P, Velcheva, Elena S, Tzekova, Maria L, Benov, Haralambi O, Petranov, Stanislav L, Tumbev, Haralin S, Shehova-Yankova, Nina S, Markov, Dimitar T, Raev, Dimitar H, Mollov, Mihail N, Kichukov, Kostadin N, Ilieva-Pandeva, Katya A, Mincheva, Valentina M, Lazov, Petar V, Dimov, Bojidar I, Prieto, Juan C, Raffo, Carlos A, Luna Botia, Diana C, De Salazar, Dora I Molina, Bonfanti, Alberto J Cadena, Barrera Silva, Sandra I, Garcia Lozada, Henry J, Coronel Arroyo, Julian A, Accini Mendoza, Jose L, Fernandez Ruiz, Ricardo L, Quintero Ossa, Alvaro M, Manzur Jatin, Fernando G, Urina Triana, Miguel A, Trujillo, Angela M Fernandez, Poulsen, Steen H, Bang, Lia E, Hove, Jens D, Kristensen, Kjeld S, Lomholdt, Jens D, Klausen, Ib C, Fausto Ovando, Sergio R, Arango Benecke, Juan L, Rodriguez De Leon, Edgar R, Premchand, Rajendra K, Abhyanakar, Atul D, Govinda, Ravishankar A, Patil, Sachin N, Joshi, Abhijeet B, Pothineni, Ramesh B, Monteiro, Minguel R, Iyengar, Shamanna S, Fulwani, Mahesh C, Chopra, Vijay K, Goyal, Naresh K, Manakshe, Gajendra V, Pellegrin, Annamaria De, De Cesare, Nicoletta B, Piatti, Piermarco, Luca, Giuseppe De, Leo, Alessandro De, Petrulionienė, Žaneta, Šakalytė, Gintarė, Šlapikas, Rimvydas, Liew, Houng B, Breedveld, Robert W, Wiersma, Jacobijne J, Troquay, Roland PTh, Viergever, Eric P, Bartels, Gerard L, Cornel, Jan H, Bos, Robert J, Van Der Zwaan, Coenraad C, Groenemeijer, Bjorn E, Willems, Frank F, Munk, Peter S, Calderon Ticona, Jorge R, Durand Velasquez, Julio R, Negron Miguel, Sandra A, Sanabria Perez, Enrique S, Carrion Chambilla, Jesus M, Chavez Ayala, Carlos A, Castillo Leon, Reynaldo P, Vargas GonzalesC, Rolando J, Hernandez Zuniga, Jose D, Camacho Cosavalente, Luis A, Bravo Mannucci, Jorge E, Llerena Navarro, Nassip C, Roldan Concha, Yudy M, Rodriguez Chavez, Víctor E, Anchante Hernandez, Henry A, Zea Nunez, Carlos A, Sy, Rosa Allyn G, Morales, Dante D, Pereira, Helder H, Tesloianu, Dan N, Bengus, Cristina M, Parepa, Irinel R, Matei, Adrian V, Alexandru, Tom M, Barbarash, Olga L, Vishnevsky, Alexander Y, Lomakin, Nikita V, Voevoda, Mikhail I, Tretyakova, Tatyana V, Tyrenko, Vadim V, Ivanov, Igor G, Asanin, Milika R, Apostolovic, Svetlana R, Dincic, Dragan V, Cyster, Henry P, Kapp, Ilse E, de V Basson, Matthys M, Aswegen, Dina Van, Van Zyl, Louis J, Sebastian, Peter J, Saaiman, Jan A, Commerford, Patrick J, Ebrahim, Iftikhar O, Mynhardt, Joseph H, Fillat, Angel R Cequier, Cruz Fernández, Jose M, Gonzalez-Juanatey, Jose R, Alonso Martin, Joaquin J, De Berrazueta Fernández, José R, Escudier, Juan M, Herath, Jagath I, Hsieh, I-Chang, Barna, Olga M, Aggarwal, Rajesh K, Wong, Yuk-Ki, Devarapalli, Sai K, Shah, Anil V, Kondo, Nicholas I, Azizad, Masoud M, Jong, Geert T, O'Donnell, Philip J, Marais, H John, Khaira, Ajit S, French, William J, Lester, F Martin, Sundram, P Sandy, Gilbert, John M, Schmedtje, John F, Colhoun, Helen M, Dempsey, Michael A, and McClanahan, Mark A
Subjects: Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use, Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], prevention & control, heart disease risk factors, diagnosis [Cardiovascular Diseases], Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, PCSK9 inhibitors, acute coronary syndrome, apolipoproteins B, LDL cholesterol, Antibodies, acute coronary syndrome, LDL, drug therapy [Atherosclerosis], Risk Factors, Physiology (medical), therapeutic use [Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors], Monoclonal, Humans, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems, Humanized, Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis, Apolipoproteins B, Kardiologi, diagnosis [Acute Coronary Syndrome], Anticholesteremic Agents, PCSK9 inhibitors, apolipoproteins B, cholesterol, LDL, cholesterol, Atherosclerosis/drug therapy, Cholesterol, LDL, Atherosclerosis, Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis, drug therapy, Cholesterol, Treatment Outcome, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Disease Risk Factors, epidemiology, adverse effects [Anticholesteremic Agents], Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Circulation : an official journal of the American Heart Association / ed.-in-chief Ephraim Donosco 146(9), 657-672 (2022). doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057807, Published by Ovid, [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]
Published: 2022

22. Fractional flow reserve–guided PCI as compared with coronary bypass surgery

Author: Filip Casselman, Kreton Mavromatis, Adel Aminian, Gintaras Kalinauskas, Victoria Y. Ding, Philip MacCarthy, Nawwar Al-Attar, Bernard De Bruyne, Nico H.J. Pijls, Oskar Angerås, Giedrius Davidavičius, Y. Joseph Woo, Di Lu, Petr Kala, Jan-Henk E. Dambrink, Nikolaos Östlund-Papadogeorgos, Michael J. Reardon, Laszlo Szekely, Jaydeep Sarma, Manisha Desai, Keith G. Oldroyd, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Rajesh Kharbanda, Pim A.L. Tonino, Albert H.M. van Straten, Nils Witt, Nikola Jagic, Evald Høj Christiansen, Fame Study Investigators, Zsolt Piroth, William F Fearon, Mark A. Hlatky, Samer Mansour, Steven E S Miner, Alan C. Yeung, Yuhei Kobayashi, Frederik M. Zimmermann, Thomas Engstrøm, and Olaf Wendler
Subjects: Reoperation, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, CLINICAL-OUTCOMES, EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS, Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects, medicine.medical_treatment, Operative Time, UNIVERSAL DEFINITION, Fractional flow reserve, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, ANGIOGRAPHY, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, Stroke, Coronary Stenosis/mortality, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects, Aged, FAME 3 TRIAL, GRAFT-SURGERY, business.industry, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology, Hazard ratio, Percutaneous coronary intervention, General Medicine, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial, surgical procedures, operative, Bypass surgery, Conventional PCI, Cardiology, REVASCULARIZATION, Female, Stents, business, INTERVENTION
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease have been found to have better outcomes with coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) than with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but studies in which PCI is guided by measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR) have been lacking.METHODS: In this multicenter, international, noninferiority trial, patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to undergo CABG or FFR-guided PCI with current-generation zotarolimus-eluting stents. The primary end point was the occurrence within 1 year of a major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event, defined as death from any cause, myocardial infarction, stroke, or repeat revascularization. Noninferiority of FFR-guided PCI to CABG was prespecified as an upper boundary of less than 1.65 for the 95% confidence interval of the hazard ratio. Secondary end points included a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke; safety was also assessed.RESULTS: A total of 1500 patients underwent randomization at 48 centers. Patients assigned to undergo PCI received a mean (±SD) of 3.7±1.9 stents, and those assigned to undergo CABG received 3.4±1.0 distal anastomoses. The 1-year incidence of the composite primary end point was 10.6% among patients randomly assigned to undergo FFR-guided PCI and 6.9% among those assigned to undergo CABG (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 2.2), findings that were not consistent with noninferiority of FFR-guided PCI (P = 0.35 for noninferiority). The incidence of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke was 7.3% in the FFR-guided PCI group and 5.2% in the CABG group (hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9 to 2.1). The incidences of major bleeding, arrhythmia, and acute kidney injury were higher in the CABG group than in the FFR-guided PCI group.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease, FFR-guided PCI was not found to be noninferior to CABG with respect to the incidence of a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or repeat revascularization at 1 year. (Funded by Medtronic and Abbott Vascular; FAME 3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02100722.).
Published: 2022

23. Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms Among New Statin Users Randomly Assigned to Vitamin D or Placebo

Author: Mark A, Hlatky, Pedro Engel, Gonzalez, JoAnn E, Manson, Julie E, Buring, I-Min, Lee, Nancy R, Cook, Samia, Mora, Vadim, Bubes, and Neil J, Stone
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: ImportanceStatin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are common and may lead to discontinuation of indicated statin therapy. Observational studies suggest that vitamin D therapy is associated with reduced statin intolerance, but no randomized studies have been reported.ObjectiveTo test whether vitamin D supplementation was associated with prevention of SAMS and a reduction of statin discontinuation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsMen 50 years or older and women 55 years or older, free of cancer and cardiovascular disease, were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation. Participants who initiated statin therapy after randomization were surveyed in early 2016. The data were analyzed in early 2022.InterventionsDaily cholecalciferol (2000 international units) or placebo with assessment of statin prescriptions during follow-up.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMuscle pain or discomfort lasting several days (primary outcome) and discontinuation of a statin due to SAMS (secondary outcome).ResultsStatins were initiated by 1033 vitamin D–assigned participants and 1050 placebo-assigned participants; mean (SD) age was 66.8 (6.2) years and 49% were women. Over 4.8 years of follow-up, SAMS were reported by 317 participants (31%) assigned vitamin D and 325 assigned placebo (31%). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.80-1.18; P = .78). Statins were discontinued by 137 participants (13%) assigned to vitamin D and 133 assigned to placebo (13%) with an adjusted OR of 1.04 (95% CI, 0.80-1.35; P = .78). These results were consistent across pretreatment 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (interaction P value = .83). Among participants with levels less than 20 ng/mL, SAMS were reported by 28 of 85 vitamin D–assigned participants (33%) and 33 of 95 placebo-assigned participants (35%). For those with levels less than 30 ng/ml, SAMS were reported by 88 of 330 vitamin–D assigned participants (27%) and 96 of 323 of placebo-assigned participants (30%).Conclusions and RelevanceVitamin D supplementation did not prevent SAMS or reduce statin discontinuation. These results were consistent across pretreatment 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01169259
Published: 2023

24. Does type 2 diabetes confer higher relative rates of cardiovascular events in women compared with men?

Author: Caroline Kistorp, M. D. Schmiegelow, Morten Malmborg, Caroline Holm Nørgaard, Thomas A. Gerds, Morten Schou, Gunnar Gislason, Anders Munch, Christian Torp-Pedersen, and Mark A. Hlatky
Subjects: Male, Myocardial Infarction, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Brain Ischemia, Danish, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Sex Factors, Clinical Research, Risk Factors, Diabetes mellitus, Medicine, Humans, Poisson regression, Myocardial infarction, Heart Failure, Sex Characteristics, business.industry, Incidence, Diabetes, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cardiovascular disease, Confidence interval, language.human_language, Stroke, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Heart failure, symbols, language, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Sex characteristics, Demography
Abstract: Aims To investigate whether diabetes confers higher relative rates of cardiovascular events in women compared with men using contemporary data, and whether these sex-differences depend on age. Methods and results All Danish residents aged 40–89 years without a history major adverse cardiovascular events, including heart failure, as of 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2016 were categorized by diabetes-status and characterized by individual-level linkage of Danish nationwide administrative registers. We used Poisson regression to calculate overall and age-dependent incidence rates, incidence rate ratios, and women-to-men ratios for myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischaemic stroke, or cardiovascular death (MACE-HF). Among 218 549 (46% women) individuals with diabetes, the absolute rate of MACE-HF was higher in men than in women (24.9 vs. 19.9 per 1000 person-years). Corresponding absolute rates in men and women without diabetes were 10.1 vs. 7.0 per 1000 person-years. Comparing individuals with and without diabetes, women had higher relative rates of MACE-HF than men [2.8 (confidence interval, CI 2.9–2.9) in women vs. 2.5 (CI 2.4–2.5) in men] with a women-to-men ratio of 1.15 (CI 1.11–1.19, P Conclusion Although men have higher absolute rates of cardiovascular complications, the relative rates of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes are higher in women than in men across all ages in the modern era.
Published: 2019

25. Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Incident Heart Failure in the Women's Health Initiative

Author: Aleksander L. Hansen, Marc Meller Søndergaard, Mark A. Hlatky, Eric Vittinghof, Gregory Nah, Marcia L. Stefanick, JoAnn E. Manson, Leslie V. Farland, Gretchen L. Wells, Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin, Erica P. Gunderson, Linda Van Horn, Robert A. Wild, Buyun Liu, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Matthew A. Allison, Simin Liu, Charles B. Eaton, Michael C. Honigberg, and Nisha I. Parikh
Subjects: Aging, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, Cardiology, Reproductive health and childbirth, Cardiovascular, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Cohort Studies, Preterm, Clinical Research, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Infant Mortality, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Aetiology, Nutrition, Original Investigation, Aged, Pediatric, Heart Failure, Prevention, Contraception/Reproduction, Research, Incidence, Pregnancy Outcome, General Medicine, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Middle Aged, United States, Pregnancy Complications, Postmenopause, Online Only, Heart Disease, Good Health and Well Being, Women's Health, Female
Abstract: Key Points Question Are adverse pregnancy outcomes independently associated with the development of heart failure among postmenopausal women? Findings In this cohort study including 10 292 Women’s Health Initiative participants, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were independently associated with incident heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, in postmenopausal women. Meaning These findings suggest that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are sex-specific factors associated with risk of heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction., This cohort study investigates the association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with incident heart failure overall and stratified by heart failure subtype among postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative., Importance Some prior evidence suggests that adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) may be associated with heart failure (HF). Identifying unique factors associated with the risk of HF and studying HF subtypes are important next steps. Objective To investigate the association of APOs with incident HF overall and stratified by HF subtype (preserved vs reduced ejection fraction) among postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). Design, Setting, and Participants In 2017, an APO history survey was administered in the WHI study, a large multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women. The associations of 5 APOs (gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [HDP], low birth weight, high birth weight, and preterm delivery) with incident adjudicated HF were analyzed. In this cohort study, the association of each APO with HF was assessed using logistic regression models and with HF subtypes using multinomial regression, adjusting for age, sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, randomization status, reproductive history, and other APOs. Data analysis was performed from January 2020 to September 2021. Exposures APOs (gestational diabetes, HDP, low birth weight, high birth weight, and preterm delivery). Main Outcomes and Measures All confirmed cases of women hospitalized with HF and HF subtype were adjudicated by trained physicians using standardized methods. Results Of 10 292 women (median [IQR] age, 60 [55-64] years), 3185 (31.0%) reported 1 or more APO and 336 (3.3%) had a diagnosis of HF. Women with a history of any APO had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, or smoking. Of the APOs studied, only HDP was significantly associated with HF with a fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.75 (95% CI, 1.22-2.50), and with HF with preserved ejection fraction in fully adjusted models (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.29-3.27). In mediation analyses, hypertension explained 24% (95% CI, 12%-73%), coronary heart disease 23% (95% CI, 11%-68%), and body mass index 20% (95% CI, 10%-64%) of the association between HDP and HF. Conclusions and Relevance In this large cohort of postmenopausal women, HDP was independently associated with incident HF, particularly HF with preserved ejection fraction, and this association was mediated by subsequent hypertension, coronary heart disease, and obesity. These findings suggest that monitoring and modifying these factors early in women presenting with HDP may be associated with reduced long-term risk of HF.
Published: 2021

26. Socioeconomic position and first-time major cardiovascular event in patients with type 2 diabetes:a Danish nationwide cohort study

Author: Julie Andersen, Morten Schou, Alexander C. Falkentoft, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Thomas A. Gerds, Mark A. Hlatky, Charlotte Wichmand, A. C. Ruwald, Peter Gæde, Christian Selmer, Bochra Zareini, Tina Beck Hansen, Gunnar Gislason, Peter Bisgaard Staehr, and Niels Eske Bruun
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Denmark, Myocardial Infarction, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Stroke, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Absolute risk reduction, medicine.disease, Cardiovascular disease, Confidence interval, Socioeconomic position, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Quartile, Cardiovascular Diseases, Income, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Mace, Cohort study
Abstract: Aims The association between socioeconomic position and cardiovascular disease has not been well studied in patients with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to examine the association between socioeconomic position and first-time major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and results Through the Danish nationwide registers, we identified all residents with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes between 2012 and 2017. Based on sex-stratified multivariable cause-specific Cox regression models, we calculated the standardized absolute 5-year risk of the composite outcome of first-time myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular mortality (MACE) according to income quartiles. A total of 57 106 patients with type 2 diabetes were included. During 155 989 person years, first-time MACE occurred in 2139 patients. Among both men and women, income was inversely associated with the standardized absolute 5-year risk of MACE. In men, the 5-year risk of MACE increased from 5.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.9–6.5] in the highest income quartile to 9.3% (CI 8.3–10.2) in the lowest income group, with a risk difference of 3.5% (CI 2.4–4.7). In women, the risk of MACE increased from 4.2% (CI 3.4–5.0) to 6.1% (CI 5.2–7.0) according to income level, with a risk difference of 1.9% (CI 0.8–2.9). Conclusion Despite free access to medical care in Denmark, low-socioeconomic position was associated with a higher 5-year risk of first-time MACE in patients with incident type 2 diabetes. Our results suggest prevention strategies could be developed specifically for patients with low-socioeconomic position.
Published: 2021

27. Driving following defibrillator implantation:a nationwide register-linked survey study

Author: Berit Thornvig Philbert, Jens Cosedis Nielsen, Jens Brock Johansen, Jenny Bjerre, Sam Riahi, Gunnar Gislason, Thomas Melchior, A. C. Ruwald, Christian Jons, Morten Schou, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Charlotte E Larroudé, Simone Hofman Rosenkranz, and Mark A. Hlatky
Subjects: Male, Automobile Driving, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Primary prevention, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Secondary prevention, Licensure, business.industry, Accidents, Traffic, Survey research, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, Defibrillators, Implantable, Icd implantation, Primary Prevention, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Emergency medicine, Female, Icd shocks, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cardiac symptoms
Abstract: Aims Patients are restricted from driving following implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation or shock. We sought to investigate how many patients are aware of, and adhere to, the driving restrictions, and what proportion experience an ICD shock or other cardiac symptoms while driving. Methods and results We performed a nationwide survey of all living Danish residents 18 years or older who received a first-time ICD between 2013 and 2016 (n = 3913) and linked their responses with nationwide registers. Of 2741 respondents (47% primary prevention, 83% male, median age 67 years), 2513 (92%) held a valid driver’s license at ICD implantation, 175 (7%) of whom had a license for professional driving. Many drivers were unaware of driving restrictions: primary prevention 58%; secondary prevention 36%; post-appropriate shock 28%; professional drivers 55%. Almost all (94%) resumed non-professional driving after ICD implantation, more than one-third during the restricted period; 35% resumed professional driving. During a median follow-up of 2.3 years, 5 (0.2%) reported receiving an ICD shock while driving, one of which resulted in a traffic accident. The estimated risk of harm was 0.0002% per person-year. Conclusion In this nationwide study, many ICD patients were unaware of driving restrictions, and more than one third resumed driving during a driving restriction period. However, the rate of reported ICD shocks while driving was very low.
Published: 2021

28. Lipoprotein(a) and Benefit of PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients With Nominally Controlled LDL Cholesterol

Author: Gregory G. Schwartz, Michael Szarek, Vera A. Bittner, Rafael Diaz, Shaun G. Goodman, J. Wouter Jukema, Ulf Landmesser, Patricio López-Jaramillo, Garen Manvelian, Robert Pordy, Michel Scemama, Peter R. Sinnaeve, Harvey D. White, Ph Gabriel Steg, P.h. Gabriel Steg, Deepak L. Bhatt, Robert A. Harrington, Andreas M. Zeiher, Pierluigi Tricoci, Matthew T. Roe, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Jay M. Edelberg, Corinne Hanotin, Guillaume Lecorps, Angèle Moryusef, William J. Sasiela, Jean-François Tamby, Philip E. Aylward, Heinz Drexel, Peter Sinnaeve, Mirza Dilic, Renato D. Lopes, Nina N. Gotcheva, Juan-Carlos Prieto, Huo Yong, Ivan Pećin, Zeljko Reiner, Petr Ostadal, Steen Hvitfeldt Poulsen, Margus Viigimaa, Markku S. Nieminen, Nicolas Danchin, Vakhtang Chumburidze, Nikolaus Marx, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Pablo Carlos Montenegro Valdovinos, Hung-Fat Tse, Robert Gabor Kiss, Denis Xavier, Doron Zahger, Marco Valgimigli, Takeshi Kimura, Hyo Soo Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Andrejs Erglis, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Sasko Kedev, Khalid Yusoff, Gabriel Arturo Ramos López, Marco Alings, Sigrun Halvorsen, Roger M. Correa Flores, Rody G. Sy, Andrzej Budaj, Joao Morais, Maria Dorobantu, Yuri Karpov, Arsen D. Ristic, Terrance Chua, Jan Murin, Zlatko Fras, Anthony J. Dalby, José Tuñón, H. Asita de Silva, Emil Hagström, Christian Müller, Chern-En Chiang, Piyamitr Sritara, Sema Guneri, Alexander Parkhomenko, Kausik K. Ray, Patrick M. Moriarty, Robert Vogel, Bernard Chaitman, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Anders G. Olsson, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Maarten L. Simoons, Karen Alexander, Chiara Meloni, Robert Rosenson, Eric J.G. Sijbrands, John H. Alexander, Luciana Armaganijan, Akshay Bagai, Maria Cecilia Bahit, J. Matthew Brennan, Shaun Clifton, Adam D. DeVore, Shalonda Deloatch, Sheila Dickey, Keith Dombrowski, Grégory Ducrocq, Zubin Eapen, Patricia Endsley, Arleen Eppinger, Robert W. Harrison, Connie Ng Hess, Mark A. Hlatky, Joseph Dedrick Jordan, Joshua W. Knowles, Bradley J. Kolls, David F. Kong, Sergio Leonardi, Linda Lillis, David J. Maron, Jill Marcus, Robin Mathews, Rajendra H. Mehta, Robert J. Mentz, Humberto Graner Moreira, Chetan B. Patel, Sabrina Bernardez Pereira, Lynn Perkins, Thomas J. Povsic, Etienne Puymirat, William Schuyler Jones, Bimal R. Shah, Matthew W. Sherwood, Kenya Stringfellow, Darin Sujjavanich, Mustafa Toma, Charlene Trotter, Sean F.P. van Diepen, Matthew D. Wilson, Andrew Tze-Kay Yan, Lilia B. Schiavi, Marcelo Garrido, Andrés F. Alvarisqueta, Sonia A. Sassone, Anselmo P. Bordonava, Alberto E. Alves De Lima, Jorge M. Schmidberg, Ernesto A. Duronto, Orlando C. Caruso, Leonardo P. Novaretto, Miguel Angel Hominal, Oscar R. Montaña, Alberto Caccavo, Oscar A. Gomez Vilamajo, Alberto J. Lorenzatti, Luis R. Cartasegna, Gustavo A. Paterlini, Ignacio J. Mackinnon, Guillermo D. Caime, Marcos Amuchastegui, Oscar Salomone, Oscar R. Codutti, Horacio O. Jure, Julio O.E. Bono, Adrian D. Hrabar, Julio A. Vallejos, Rodolfo A. Ahuad Guerrero, Federico Novoa, Cristian A. Patocchi, Cesar J. Zaidman, Maria E. Giuliano, Ricardo D. Dran, Marisa L. Vico, Gabriela S. Carnero, Pablo N. Guzman, Juan C. Medrano Allende, Daniela F. Garcia Brasca, Miguel H. Bustamante Labarta, Sebastian Nani, Eduardo D.S. Blumberg, Hugo R. Colombo, Alberto Liberman, Victorino Fuentealba, Hector L. Luciardi, Gabriel D. Waisman, Mario A. Berli, Ruben O. Garcia Duran, Horacio G. Cestari, Hugo A. Luquez, Jorge A. Giordano, Silvia S. Saavedra, Gerardo Zapata, Osvaldo Costamagna, Susana Llois, Jonathon H. Waites, Nicholas Collins, Allan Soward, Chris L.S. Hii, James Shaw, Margaret A. Arstall, John Horowitz, Daniel Ninio, James F. Rogers, David Colquhoun, Romulo E. Oqueli Flores, Philip Roberts-Thomson, Owen Raffel, Sam J. Lehman, Constantine Aroney, Steven G.M. Coverdale, Paul J. Garrahy, Gregory Starmer, Mark Sader, Patrick A. Carroll, Ronald Dick, Robert Zweiker, Uta Hoppe, Kurt Huber, Rudolf Berger, Georg Delle-Karth, Bernhard Frey, Dirk Faes, Kurt Hermans, Bruno Pirenne, Attilio Leone, Etienne Hoffer, Mathias C.M. Vrolix, Luc De Wolf, Bart Wollaert, Marc Castadot, Karl Dujardin, Christophe Beauloye, Geert Vervoort, Harry Striekwold, Carl Convens, John Roosen, Emanuele Barbato, Marc Claeys, Frank Cools, Ibrahim Terzic, Fahir Barakovic, Zlatko Midzic, Belma Pojskic, Emir Fazlibegovic, Azra Durak-Nalbantic, Mehmed Kulić, Dusko Vulic, Adis Muslibegovic, Boris Goronja, Gilmar Reis, Luciano Sousa, Jose C. Nicolau, Flavio E. Giorgeto, Ricardo P. Silva, Lilia Nigro Maia, Rafael Rech, Paulo R.F. Rossi, Maria José A.G. Cerqueira, Norberto Duda, Renato Kalil, Adrian Kormann, José Antonio M. Abrantes, Pedro Pimentel Filho, Ana Priscila Soggia, Mayler O.N. de Santos, Fernando Neuenschwander, Luiz C. Bodanese, Yorghos L. Michalaros, Freddy G. Eliaschewitz, Maria H. Vidotti, Paulo E. Leaes, Roberto V. Botelho, Sergio Kaiser, Euler Roberto F. Fernandes Manenti, Dalton B. Precoma, Jose C. Moura Jorge, Pedro Silva, Jose A. Silveira, Wladmir Saporito, Jose A. Marin Neto, Gilson S. Feitosa, Luiz Eduardo F. Ritt, Juliana A. de Souza, Fernando Costa, Weimar K.S.B. Souza, Helder J.L. Reis, Leandro Machado, José Carlos Aidar Ayoub, Georgi V. Todorov, Fedya P. Nikolov, Elena S. Velcheva, Maria L. Tzekova, Haralambi O. Benov, Stanislav L. Petranov, Haralin S. Tumbev, Nina S. Shehova-Yankova, Dimitar T. Markov, Dimitar H. Raev, Mihail N. Mollov, Kostadin N. Kichukov, Katya A. Ilieva-Pandeva, Raya Ivanova, Maryana Gospodinov, Valentina M. Mincheva, Petar V. Lazov, Bojidar I. Dimov, Manohara Senaratne, James Stone, Jan Kornder, Stephen Pearce, Danielle Dion, Daniel Savard, Yves Pesant, Amritanshu Pandey, Simon Robinson, Gilbert Gosselin, Saul Vizel, Gordon Hoag, Ronald Bourgeois, Anne Morisset, Eric Sabbah, Bruce Sussex, Simon Kouz, Paul MacDonald, Ariel Diaz, Nicolas Michaud, David Fell, Raymond Leung, Tycho Vuurmans, Christopher Lai, Frank Nigro, Richard Davies, Gustavo Nogareda, Ram Vijayaraghavan, John Ducas, Serge Lepage, Shamir Mehta, James Cha, Robert Dupuis, Peter Fong, Sohrab Lutchmedial, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Hussein Fadlallah, David Cleveland, Thao Huynh, Iqbal Bata, Adnan Hameed, Cristian Pincetti, Sergio Potthoff, Juan C. Prieto, Monica Acevedo, Arnoldo Aguirre, Margarita Vejar, Mario Yañez, Guillermo Araneda, Mauricio Fernandez, Luis Perez, Paola Varleta, Fernando Florenzano, Laura Huidobro, Carlos A. Raffo, Claudia Olivares, Leonardo Nahuelpan, Humberto Montecinos, Jiyan Chen, Yugang Dong, Weijian Huang, Jianzhong Wang, Shi'An Huang, Zhuhua Yao, Xiang Li, Lan Cui, Wenhua Lin, Yuemin Sun, Jingfeng Wang, Jianping Li, Xuelian Zhang, Hong Zhu, Dandan Chen, Lan Huang, Shaohong Dong, Guohai Su, Biao Xu, Xi Su, Xiaoshu Cheng, Jinxiu Lin, Wenxia Zong, Huanming Li, Yi Feng, Dingli Xu, Xinchun Yang, Yuannan Ke, Xuefeng Lin, Zheng Zhang, Zeqi Zheng, Zhurong Luo, Yundai Chen, Chunhua Ding, Yi Zhong, Yang Zheng, Xiaodong Li, Daoquan Peng, Shuiping Zhao, Ying Li, Xuebo Liu, Meng Wei, Shaowen Liu, Yihua Yu, Baiming Qu, Weihong Jiang, Yujie Zhou, Xingsheng Zhao, Zuyi Yuan, Ying Guo, Xiping Xu, Xubo Shi, Junbo Ge, Guosheng Fu, Feng Bai, Weiyi Fang, Xiling Shou, Xiangjun Yang, Jian'An Wang, Meixiang Xiang, Yingxian Sun, Qinghua Lu, Ruiyan Zhang, Jianhua Zhu, Yizhou Xu, Zhongcai Fan, Tianchang Li, Chun Wu, Nicolas Jaramillo, Gregorio Sanchez Vallejo, Diana C. Luna Botia, Rodrigo Botero Lopez, Dora I. Molina De Salazar, Alberto J. Cadena Bonfanti, Carlos Cotes Aroca, Juan Diego Higuera, Marco Blanquicett, Sandra I. Barrera Silva, Henry J. Garcia Lozada, Julian A. Coronel Arroyo, Jose L. Accini Mendoza, Ricardo L. Fernandez Ruiz, Alvaro M. Quintero Ossa, Fernando G. Manzur Jatin, Aristides Sotomayor Herazo, Jeffrey Castellanos Parada, Rafael Suarez Arambula, Miguel A. Urina Triana, Angela M. Fernandez Trujillo, Maja Strozzi, Siniša Car, Melita Jerić, Davor Miličić, Martina Lovrić Benčić, Hrvoje Pintarić, Đeiti Prvulović, Jozica Šikić, Viktor Peršić, Dean Mileta, Kresimir Štambuk, Zdravko Babić, Vjekoslav Tomulic, Josip Lukenda, Stanka Mejic-Krstulovic, Boris Starcevic, Jindrich Spinar, David Horak, Zdenek Velicka, Josef Stasek, David Alan, Vilma Machova, Ales Linhart, Vojtech Novotny, Vladimir Kaucak, Richard Rokyta, Robert Naplava, Zdenek Coufal, Vera Adamkova, Ivo Podpera, Jiri Zizka, Zuzana Motovska, Ivana Marusincova, Premysl Svab, Petr Heinc, Jiri Kuchar, Petr Povolny, Jiri Matuska, Steen H. Poulsen, Bent Raungaard, Peter Clemmensen, Lia E. Bang, Ole May, Morten Bøttcher, Jens D. Hove, Lars Frost, Gunnar Gislason, John Larsen, Peter Betton Johansen, Flemming Hald, Peter Johansen, Jørgen Jeppesen, Tonny Nielsen, Kjeld S. Kristensen, Piotr Maria Walichiewicz, Jens D. Lomholdt, Ib C. Klausen, Peter Kaiser Nielsen, Flemming Davidsen, Lars Videbaek, Mai Soots, Veiko Vahula, Anu Hedman, Üllar Soopõld, Kaja Märtsin, Tiina Jurgenson, Arved Kristjan, Heikki Huikuri, Juhani Airaksinen Pierre Coste, Emile Ferrari, Olivier Morel, Gilles Montalescot, Jacques Machecourt, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Jacques Mansourati, Yves Cottin, Florence Leclercq, Abdelkader Belhassane, Nicolas Delarche, Franck Boccara, Franck Paganelli, Jérôme Clerc, Francois Schiele, Victor Aboyans, Vincent Probst, Jacques Berland, Thierry Lefèvre, Bernard Citron, Irakli Khintibidze, Tamaz Shaburishvili, Zurab Pagava, Ramaz Ghlonti, Zaza Lominadze, George Khabeishvili, Rayyan Hemetsberger, Kemala Edward, Ursula Rauch-Kröhnert, Matthias Stratmann, Karl-Friedrich Appel, Ekkehard Schmidt, Heyder Omran, Christoph Stellbrink, Thomas Dorsel, Emmanouil Lianopoulos, Hans Friedrich Vöhringer, Roger Marx, Andreas Zirlik, Detlev Schellenberg, Thomas Heitzer, Ulrich Laufs, Christian Werner, Stephan Gielen, Sebastian Nuding, Bernhard Winkelmann, Steffen Behrens, Karsten Sydow, Mahir Karakas, Gregor Simonis, Thomas Muenzel, Nikos Werner, Stefan Leggewie, Dirk Böcker, Rüdiger Braun-Dullaeus, Nicole Toursarkissian, Michael Jeserich, Matthias Weißbrodt, Tim Schaeufele, Joachim Weil, Heinz Völler, Johannes Waltenberger, Mohammed Natour, Susanne Schmitt, Dirk Müller-Wieland, Stephan Steiner, Lothar Heidenreich, Elmar Offers, Uwe Gremmler, Holger Killat, Werner Rieker, Sotiris Patsilinakos, Athanasios Kartalis, Athanassios Manolis, Dimitrios Sionis, Geargios Chachalis, Ioannis Skoumas, Vasilios Athyros, Panagiotis Vardas, Frangkiskos Parthenakis, John Lekakis, Apostolos Hatzitolios, Sergio R. Fausto Ovando, Juan L. Arango Benecke, Edgar R. Rodriguez De Leon, Bryan P.Y. Yan, David C.W. Siu, Tibor Turi, Bela Merkely, Imre Ungi, Geza Lupkovics, Lajos Nagy, András Katona, István Édes, Gábor Müller, Iván Horvath, Tibor Kapin, Zsolt Szigeti, József Faluközy, Mukund Kumbla, Manjinder Sandhu, Sharath Annam, Naveen Reddy Proddutur, Reddy Regella, Rajendra K. Premchand, Ajaykumar Mahajan, Sudhir Pawar, Atul D. Abhyanakar, Prafulla Kerkar, Ravishankar A. Govinda, Abraham Oomman, Dhurjati Sinha, Sachin N. Patil, Dhiman Kahali, Jitendra Sawhney, Abhijeet B. Joshi, Sanjeev Chaudhary, Pankaj Harkut, Santanu Guha, Sanjay Porwal, Srimannarayana Jujjuru, Ramesh B. Pothineni, Minguel R. Monteiro, Aziz Khan, Shamanna S. Iyengar, Jasprakash Singh Grewal, Manoj Chopda, Mahesh C. Fulwani, Aparna Patange, Patil Sachin, Vijay K. Chopra, Naresh K. Goyal, Rituparna Shinde, Gajendra V. Manakshe, Nitin Patki, Sumeet Sethi, Vengatesh Munusamy, Sunil Karnaand Sunil Thanvi, Srilakshmi Adhyapak, Chandrakant Patil, Ulhas Pandurangi, Rishabh Mathur, Jugal Gupta, Suhas Kalashetti, Ajit Bhagwat, Bagirath Raghuraman, Shiv Kumar Yerra, Prasant Bhansali, Rohidas Borse, Patil Rahul, Srihari Das, Vinay Kumar, Jabir Abdullakutty, Shireesh Saathe, Priya Palimkar, Jabir Abdullkutty, Shireesh Sathe, Shaul Atar, Michael Shechter, Morris Mosseri, Yaron Arbel, Chorin Ehud, Havakuk Ofer, Chaim Lotan, Uri Rosenschein, Amos Katz, Yaakov Henkin, Adi Francis, Marc Klutstein, Eugenia Nikolsky, Robert Zukermann, Yoav Turgeman, Majdi Halabi, Alon Marmor, Ran Kornowski, Michael Jonas, Offer Amir, Yonathan Hasin, Yoseph Rozenman, Shmuel Fuchs, Vered Zvi, Osamah Hussein, Dov Gavish, Zvi Vered, Yoseph Caraco, Mazen Elias, Naveh Tov, Efrat Wolfovitz, Michael Lishner, Nizar Elias, Giancarlo Piovaccari, Annamaria De Pellegrin, Raffaella Garbelotto, Gabriele Guardigli, Valgimigli Marco, Giovanni Licciardello, Carla Auguadro, Filippo Scalise, Claudio Cuccia, Alessandro Salvioni, Giuseppe Musumeci, Michelle Senni, Paolo Calabrò, Salvatore Novo, Pompilio Faggiano, Marco Metra, Nicoletta B. De Cesare, Sergio Berti, Claudio Cavallini, Enrico Puccioni, Marcello Galvani, Maurizio Tespili, Piermarco Piatti, Michela Palvarini, Giuseppe De Luca, Roberto Violini, Alessandro De Leo, Zoran Olivari, Pasquale Perrone Filardi, Maurizio Ferratini, Vittorio Racca, Kazuoki Dai, Yuji Shimatani, Haruo Kamiya, Kenji Ando, Yoshihiro Takeda, Yoshihiro Morino, Yoshiki Hata, Kazuo Kimura, Koichi Kishi, Ichiro Michishita, Hiroki Uehara, Toshinori Higashikata, Atsushi Hirayama, Keiji Hirooka, Yasuji Doi, Satoru Sakagami, Shuichi Taguchi, Akihiro Koike, Hiroyuki Fujinaga, Shinji Koba, Ken Kozuma, Tomohiro Kawasaki, Yujiro Ono, Masatoshi Shimizu, Yousuke Katsuda, Atsuyuki Wada, Toshiro Shinke, Junya Ako, Kenshi Fujii, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Tomohiro Sakamoto, Koichi Nakao, Yutaka Furukawa, Hiroshi Sugino, Ritsu Tamura, Toshiaki Mano, Masaaki Uematsu, Noriaki Utsu, Kashima Ito, Takuya Haraguchi, Katsuhiko Sato, Yasunori Ueda, Akira Nishibe, Kazuteru Fujimoto, Motomaru Masutani, Jung Han Yoon, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Hun Sik Park, In-Ho Chae, Moo Hyun Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, Seungwoon Rha, Chongjin Kim, Hae Young Kim, Taekjong Hong, Seung-Jea Tahk, Youngkwon Kim, Arija Busmane, Natalija Pontaga, Aldis Strelnieks, Iveta Mintale, Iveta Sime, Zaneta Petrulioniene, Roma Kavaliauskiene, Ruta Jurgaitiene, Gintare Sakalyte, Rimvydas Slapikas, Sigute Norkiene, Nerijus Misonis, Aleksandras Kibarskis, Raimondas Kubilius, Stojko Bojovski, Nensi Lozance, Aleksandar Kjovkaroski, Snezana Doncovska, Tiong Kiam Ong, Sazzli Kasim, Oteh Maskon, Balachandran Kandasamy, Houng B. Liew, Wan Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed, Armando García Castillo, Jorge Carrillo Calvillo, Pedro Fajardo Campos, Juan Carlos Núñez Fragoso, Edmundo Alfredo Bayram Llamas, Marco Antonio Alcocer Gamba, Jaime Carranza Madrigal, Luis Gerardo González Salas, Enrique López Rosas, Belinda González Díaz, Eduardo Salcido Vázquez, Alfredo Nacoud Ackar, Guillermo Antonio Llamas Esperón, Carlos Rodolfo Martínez Sánchez, María Guerrero De Leon, Rodrigo Suarez Otero, Guillermo Fanghänel Salmón, Jesús Antonio Pérez Ríos, José Angel Garza Ruíz, Robert W. Breedveld, Margriet Feenema-Aardema, Alida Borger-Van Der Burg, Pieter A.M. Hoogslag, Harry Suryapranata, Antonius Oomen, Paulus Van Haelst, Margriet Feenema-Aradema, Jacobijne J. Wiersma, Dirk Basart, Ruud M.A. Van Der Wal, Peter Zwart, Pascalle Monraats, Henricus Van Kesteren, Ioannis Karalis, Johan Jukema, Gerardus J.E. Verdel, Bart R.G. Brueren, Roland PTh Troquay, Eric P. Viergever, Nadea Y.Y. Al-Windy, Gerard L. Bartels, Jan H. Cornel, Walter R.M. Hermans, Johannes P.R. Herrman, Robert J. Bos, Reginald G.E.J. Groutars, Coenraad C. Van Der Zwaan, Refik Kaplan, Raymond Lionarons, Eelko Ronner, Bjorn E. Groenemeijer, Patrick N.A. Bronzwaer, Anho A.H. Liem, Bernard J.W.M. Rensing, Marcel J.J.A. Bokern, Remco Nijmeijer, Ferry M.R.J. Hersbach, Frank F. Willems, Antonius T.M. Gosselink, Saman Rasoul, John Elliott, Gerard Wilkins, Raewyn Fisher, Douglas Scott, Hamish Hart, Ralph Stewart, Scott Harding, Ian Ternouth, Nicholas Fisher, Samuel Wilson, Denise Aitken, Russell Anscombe, Laura Davidson, Tadeusz Tomala, Ottar Nygård, Jon Arne Sparby, Kjell Andersen, Lars Gullestad, Jarle Jortveit, Peter S. Munk, Erlend gyllensten Singsaas, Ulf Hurtig, Jorge R. Calderon Ticona, Julio R. Durand Velasquez, Sandra A. Negron Miguel, Enrique S. Sanabria Perez, Jesus M. Carrion Chambilla, Carlos A. Chavez Ayala, Reynaldo P. Castillo Leon, Rolando J. Vargas Gonzales, Jose D. Hernandez Zuniga, Luis A. Camacho Cosavalente, Jorge E. Bravo Mannucci, Javier Heredia Landeo, Nassip C. Llerena Navarro, Yudy M. Roldan Concha, Víctor E. Rodriguez Chavez, Henry A. Anchante Hernandez, Carlos A. Zea Nunez, Walter Mogrovejo Ramos, Arthur Ferrolino, Rosa Allyn G. Sy, Louie Tirador, Generoso Matiga, Raul Martin Coching, Alisa Bernan, Gregorio Rogelio, Dante D. Morales, Edgar Tan, Dennis Jose Sulit, Adrian Wlodarczak, Krystyna Jaworska, Grzegorz Skonieczny, Lidia Pawlowicz, Pawel Wojewoda, Benita Busz-Papiez, Janusz Bednarski, Aleksander Goch, Pawel Staneta, Elzbieta Dulak, Krzysztof Saminski, Wlodzimierz Krasowski, Wanda Sudnik, Aleksander Zurakowski, Marcin Skorski, Roman Lysek, Beata Miklaszewicz, Jacek Kubica, Jan Andrzej Lipko, Edyta Kostarska-Srokosz, Marek Piepiorka, Anna Drzewiecka, Ryszard Sciborski, Arkadiusz Stasiewski, Tomasz Blicharski, Leszek Bystryk, Michal Szpajer, Marek Korol, Tomasz Czerski, Ewa Mirek-Bryniarska, Jacek Gniot, Andrzej Lubinski, Jerzy Gorny, Edward Franek, Grzegorz Raczak, Hanna Szwed, Pedro Monteiro, Jose Mesquita Bastos, Helder H. Pereira, Dinis Martins, Filipe Seixo, Carlos Mendonça, Ana Botelho, Francisca Caetano, Bogdan Minescu, Octavian Istratoaie, Dan N. Tesloianu, Gabriel Cristian, Silviu Dumitrescu, Cristian G.C. Podoleanu, Mircea C.A. Constantinescu, Cristina M. Bengus, Constantin Militaru, Doina Rosu, Irinel R. Parepa, Adrian V. Matei, Tom M. Alexandru, Mihaela Malis, Ioan Coman, Rodica Stanescu-Cioranu, Doina Dimulescu, Yury Shvarts, Olga Orlikova, Zhanna Kobalava, Olga L. Barbarash, Valentin Markov, Nadezhda Lyamina, Alexander Gordienko, Konstantin Zrazhevsky, Alexander Y. Vishnevsky, Victor Gurevich, Raisa Stryuk, Nikita V. Lomakin, Igor Bokarev, Tatiana Khlevchuk, Sergey Shalaev, Larisa Khaisheva, Petr Chizhov, Inna Viktorova, Natalya Osokina, Vladimir Shchekotov, Evgenia Akatova, Galina Chumakova, Igor Libov, Mikhail I. Voevoda, Tatyana V. Tretyakova, Evgeny Baranov, Sergey Shustov, Sergey Yakushin, Ivan Gordeev, Niiaz Khasanov, Olga Reshetko, Tatiana Sotnikova, Olga Molchanova, Konstantin Nikolaev, Liudmila Gapon, Elena Baranova, Zaur Shogenov, Elena Kosmachova, Yuriy Karpov, Anton Povzun, Liudmila Egorova, Vadim V. Tyrenko, Igor G. Ivanov, Masterov Ilya, Sergey Kanorsky, Dragan Simic, Nikola Ivanovic, Goran Davidovic, Nebojsa Tasic, Milika R. Asanin, Stevo Stojic, Svetlana R. Apostolovic, Stevan Ilic, Biljana Putnikovic Tosic, Aleksandar Stankovic, Aleksandra Arandjelovic, Slavica Radovanovic, Branislava Todic, Jovan Balinovac, Dragan V. Dincic, Petar Seferovic, Ana Karadzic, Slobodan Dodic, Sinisa Dimkovic, Tamara Jakimov, Kian-Keong Poh, Hean Yee Ong, Justin Tang I-Shing, Karol Micko, Jan Nociar, Daniel Pella, Peter Fulop, Marian Hranai, Juraj Palka, Juraj Mazur, Ivan Majercák, Andrej Dzupina, František Fazekas, Jozef Gonsorcik, Viliam Bugan, Juraj Selecky, Gabriel Kamensky, Jaroslava Strbova, Rudolf Smik, Andrej Dukat, Peter Olexa, Ivan Žuran, Janez Poklukar, Nataša Černič Šuligoj, Matija Cevc, Henry P. Cyster, Naresh Ranjith, Clive Corbett, Junaid Bayat, Ellen Makoali Makotoko, Hendrik du Toit Theron, Ilse E. Kapp, Matthys M. de V Basson, Hanlie Lottering, Dina Van Aswegen, Louis J. Van Zyl, Peter J. Sebastian, Thayabran Pillay, Jan A. Saaiman, Patrick J. Commerford, Soraya Cassimjee, Garda Riaz, Iftikhar O. Ebrahim, Mahomed Sarvan, Joseph H. Mynhardt, Helmuth Reuter, Rajendran Moodley, Manuel Vida, Angel R. Cequier Fillat, Vicente Bodí Peris, Francisco Fuentes Jimenez, Francisco Marín, Jose M. Cruz Fernández, Rafael Jesus Hidalgo Urbano, Blas Gil-Extremera, Pablo Toledo, Fernando Worner Diz, David Garcia-Dorado, Andres Iñiguez, José Tuñón Fernández, Jose R. Gonzalez-Juanatey, Javier Fernandez Portales, Fernando Civeira Murillo, Laia Matas Pericas, Jose Luis Zamorano, Manuel De Mora Martin, Jordi Bruguera Cortada, Joaquin J. Alonso Martin, Jose Maria Serrano Antolin, José R. De Berrazueta Fernández, José Antonio Vázquez de Prada, Jose Francisco Díaz Fernández, José Alberto García Lledó, Juan Cosín Sales, Javier Botas Rodriguez, Gabriel Gusi Tragant, Amparo Benedicto, Carlos Gonzalez-Juanatey, Mercedes Camprubí Potau, Ignacio Plaza Perez, César Morís De La Tassa, Pablo Loma-Osorio Rincon, Javier Balaguer Recena, Juan M. Escudier, Antonio Coca Payeras, Norberto Alonso Orcajo, Pedro Valdivielso, Godwin Constantine, Ruvaiz Haniffa, Nirmali Tissera, Stanley Amarasekera, Chandrike Ponnamperuma, Nimali Fernando, Kaputella Fernando, Jayanthimala Jayawardena, Santharaj Wijeyasingam, Gotabhaya Ranasinghe, Ruvan Ekanayaka, Sepalika Mendis, Vajira Senaratne, Gnanamoorthy Mayurathan, Ajantha Rajapaksha, Thilak Sirisena, Jagath I. Herath, Naomali Amarasena, Stefan Berglund, Gundars Rasmanis, Ola Vedin, Nils Witt, Georgios Mourtzinis, Peter Nicol, Ole Hansen, Stefano Romeo, Steen Agergaard Jensen, Ingemar Torstensson, Ulf Ahremark, Torbjörn Sundelin, Tiziano Moccetti, Francois Mach, Ronald Binde, Oliver Gämperli, Wei-Chuan Tsai, Kwo-Chang Ueng, Wen-Ter Lai, Ming-En Liu, Juey-Jen Hwang, Wei-Hsian Yin, I-Chang Hsieh, Ming-Jer Hsieh, Wei Hsiang Lin, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Tsuei-Yuan Huang, Chih-Yuan Fang, Pinij Kaewsuwanna, Wasant Soonfuang, Woravut Jintapakorn, Apichard Sukonthasarn, Nattawut Wongpraparut, Krisada Sastravaha, Nakarin Sansanayudh, Wirash Kehasukcharoen, Dilok Piyayotai, Paiboon Chotnoparatpat, Ahmet Camsari, Hakan Kultursay, Bulent Mutlu, Murat Ersanli, Mustafa Demirtas, Cevat Kirma, Ertan Ural, Lale Koldas, Oleksandr Karpenko, Alexander Prokhorov, Ihor Vakaluyk, Halyna Myshanych, Dmytro Reshotko, Valeriy Batushkin, Leonid Rudenko, Ihor Kovalskyi, Mykola Kushnir, Vira Tseluyko, Yuriy Mostovoy, Mykola Stanislavchuk, Yulian Kyiak, Yuriy Karpenko, Yaroslav Malynovsky, Andriy Klantsa, Oles Kutniy, Ekaterina Amosova, Viktor Tashchuk, Oleh Leshchuk, Mykola Rishko, Mykola Kopytsya, Andriy Yagensky, Mykola Vatutin, Andriy Bagriy, Olga M. Barna, Olexiy Ushakov, Georgiy Dzyak, Borys Goloborodko, Anatolii Rudenko, Volodymyr Zheleznyy, Jasper Trevelyan, Azfar Zaman, Kaeng Lee, Andrew Moriarty, Rajesh K. Aggarwal, Piers Clifford, Yuk-Ki Wong, Syed M.R. Iqbal, Eduardas Subkovas, Denise Braganza, David Sarkar, Robert Storey, Huw Griffiths, Sam Mcclure, Rangasamy Muthusamy, Simon Smith, John Kurian, Terry Levy, Craig Barr, Honer Kadr, Robert Gerber, Audrius Simaitis, Handrean Soran, Anthony Mathur, Adrian Brodison, Mohammad Ayaz, Muhammad Cheema, Richard Oliver, Simon Thackray, Telal Mudawi, Gohar Rahman, Ayyaz Sultan, Timothy Reynolds, David Sharman, null david Sprigings, Rob Butler, Peter Wilkinson, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Julian Halcox, Sean Gallagher, Nicholas Ossei-Gerning, Gil Vardi, Duccio Baldari, David Brabham, Charles Treasure, Charles Dahl, Bruce Palmer, Alan Wiseman, Abul Khan, Sanjeev Puri, Ann Elizabeth Mohart, Carlos Ince, Enrique Flores, Scott Wright, Shi-Chi Cheng, Michael Rosenberg, William Rogers, Edward Kosinski, Les Forgosh, Jonathan Waltman, Misal Khan, Mohammad Shoukfeh, Georges Dagher, Patrick Cambier, Ira Lieber, Priya Kumar, Cara East, Perry Krichmar, Mian Hasan, Lindsey White, Thomas Knickelbine, Thomas Haldis, Eve Gillespie, Thomas Amidon, David Suh, Imran Arif, Mouhamad Abdallah, Faiq Akhter, Eric Carlson, Michael D'Urso, Fadi El-Ahdab, William Nelson, Katie Moriarty, Barry Harris, Steven Cohen, Luther Carter, Daniel Doty, Kenneth Sabatino, Tariq Haddad, Amir Malik, Sunder Rao, Angel Mulkay, Ion Jovin, Kim Klancke, Vinay Malhotra, Sai K. Devarapalli, Michael Koren, Harish Chandna, George Dodds, Tauqir Goraya, James Bengston, Matthew Janik, Joseph Moran, Andrew Sumner, John Kobayashi, William Davis, Shahram Yazdani, John Pasquini, Maitreya Thakkar, Amarnath Vedere, Wayne Leimbach, James Rider, Sarah fenton, Narendra Singh, Anil V. Shah, Denise Janosik, Carl Pepine, Brett Berman, Joseph Gelormini, Christopher Daniels, Kerensky Richard, Friederike Keating, Nicholas I. Kondo, Sanjay Shetty, Howard Levite, Winfried Waider, Theodore Takata, Mazen Abu-Fadel, Vipul Shah, Rahul Aggarwal, Mark Izzo, Anil Kumar, Brack Hattler, Rose Do, Chad Link, Anna Bortnick, George Kinzfogl, Arnold Ghitis, John Larry, Edward Teufel, Peter Kuhlman, Brent Mclaurin, Wenwu Zhang, Stephen Thew, Jalal Abbas, Matthew White, Othman Islam, Sumeet Subherwal, Nandkishore Ranadive, Babak Vakili, Christian Gring, David Henderson, Timothy Schuchard, Naim Farhat, Geoffrey Kline, Sharan Mahal, Jack Whitaker, Shawn Speirs, Rolf Andersen, Nizar Daboul, Phillip Horwitz, Firas Zahr, George Ponce, Zubair Jafar, Joseph Mcgarvey, Vipul Panchal, Stephen Voyce, Thomas Blok, William Sheldon, Masoud M. Azizad, Carsten Schmalfuss, Mark Picone, Robert Pederson, William Herzog, Keith Friedman, Jason Lindsey, Rosemary Nowins, Eichenlaub Timothy, Parilak Leonard, Norman Lepor, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Howard Weintraub, Anand Irimpen, Alvaro Alonso, Wade May, Daniels Christopher, Thomas Galski, Alan Chu, Freny Mody, Ebrahimi Ramin, Zachary Hodes, Joseph Rossi, Gregory Rose, James Fairlamb, Charles Lambert, Ajit Raisinghani, Antonio Abbate, George Vetrovec, Marilyn King, Charles Carey, Jaime Gerber, Liwa Younis, Hyeun Park, Mladen Vidovich, Thomas Knutson, Dennis Friedman, Fred Chaleff, Arthur Loussararian, Phillip Rozeman, Carey Kimmelstiel, Jeffrey Kuvin, Kevin Silver, Malcolm Foster, Glen Tonnessen, Andrey Espinoza, Mohamadali Amlani, Andreas Wali, Christopher Malozzi, Geert T. Jong, Clara Massey, Keattiyoat Wattanakit, Philip J. O'Donnell, Dinesh Singal, Naseem Jaffrani, Sridhar Banuru, Daniel Fisher, Mark Xenakis, Neal Perlmutter, Ravi Bhagwat, James Strader, Ronald Blonder, Ayim Akyea-Djamson, Ajay Labroo, Kwan Lee, H. John Marais, Edmund Claxton, Robert Weiss, Rohr Kathryn, Martin Berk, Peter Rossi, Parag Joshi, Amit Khera, Ajit S. Khaira, Greg Kumkumian, Steven Lupovitch, Joshua Purow, Stephen Welka, David Hoffman, Stuart Fischer, Eugene Soroka, Donald Eagerton, Samir Pancholy, Michael Ray, Norman Erenrich, Michael Farrar, Stewart Pollock, William J. French, Steve Diamantis, Douglas Guy, Lawrence Gimple, Mark Neustel, Steven Schwartz, Edward Pereira, Seals Albert, Douglas Spriggs, Janet Strain, Suneet Mittal, Anthony Vo, Majed Chane, Jason Hall, Nampalli Vijay, Kapildeo Lotun, F. Martin Lester, Ahed Nahhas, Theodore Pope, Paul Nager, Rakesh Vohra, Mukesh Sharma, Riyaz Bashir, Hinan Ahmed, Michael Berlowitz, Robert Fishberg, Robert Barrucco, Eric Yang, Michael Radin, Daniel Sporn, Dwight Stapleton, Steven Eisenberg, Joel Landzberg, Martin Mcgough, Samir Turk, Michael Schwartz, P. Sandy Sundram, Diwakar Jain, Mark Zainea, Carlos Bayron, Ronald Karlsberg, Suhail Dohad, Henry Lui, William Keen, Donald Westerhausen, Sandeep Khurana, Himanshu Agarwal, Jessica Birchem, William Penny, Mark Chang, Sherrill Murphy, John Henry, Branislav Schifferdecker, John M Gilbert, Gopal Chalavarya, Charles Eaton, John F. Schmedtje, Stuart Christenson, Imran Dotani, Douglas Denham, Alexander Macdonell, Paul Gibson, Aref Rahman, Tammam Al Joundi, Nizar Assi, Gary Conrad, Purushotham Kotha, Michael Love, Gregory Giesler, Howard Rubenstein, Dawood Gamil, Laura Akright, Justine Krawczyk, Joanne Cobler, Terry Wells, James Welker, Robert Foster, Richard Gilmore, Jay Anderson, Douglas Jacoby, Bill Harris, Geraldine Gardner, Ramprasad Dandillaya, Kishor Vora, John Kostis, John Hunter, David Laxson, Eric Ball, Flavia Egydio, Anelise Kawakami, Janaina Oliveira, Julianna Wozniak, Alexander Matthews, Caroline Ratky, Janine Valiris, Lisa Berdan, Anita Hepditch, Kirby Quintero, Tyrus Rorick, Melissa Westbrook, Andrea Pascual, Carla Rovito, Madeleine Bezault, Elodie Drouet, Tabassome Simon, Caroline Alsweiler, Anne Luyten, Julie Butters, Liddy Griffith, Michelle Shaw, Lena Grunberg, Shahidul Islam, Marie-France Brégeault, Nathalie Bougon, Douglas Faustino, Sylvie Fontecave, Judith Murphy, Melanie Verrier, null Veronique Agnetti, Dorthe Andersen, Emmy Badreddine, Mhamed Bekkouche, Cecile Bouancheau, Imane Brigui, Maddy Brocklehurst, Joseph Cianciarulo, Dawn Devaul, Szilvia Domokos, Cecile Gache, Caroline Gobillot, Severine Guillou, Jan Healy, Megan Heath, Gayatri Jaiwal, Carine Javierre, Julien Labeirie, Myriam Monier, Ulises Morales, Asmaa Mrabti, Bicky Mthombeni, Betim Okan, Lucile Smith, Jennifer Sheller, Sebastien Sopena, Valerie Pellan, Fadela Benbernou, Nafissa Bengrait, Maud Lamoureux, Katarina Kralova, Raphael Bejuit, Anthony Coulange, Christelle Berthou, Jérôme Repincay, Christelle Lorenzato, Alexis Etienne, Valerie Gouet, Virginie Loizeau, Mickael Normand, Anne Ourliac, Christelle Rondel, Antony Adamo, Pascale Beltran, Pauline Barraud, Helene Dubois-Gache, Benjamin Halle, Lamia Metwally, Maxime Mourgues, Marc Sotty, Marion Vincendet, Raluca Cotruta, Zhu Chengyue, Dominique Fournie-Lloret, Christine Morrello, Aurelie Perthuis, Patrick Picault, Isabelle Zobouyan, Helen M. Colhoun, Michael A. Dempsey, Mark A. McClanahan, Masira, and Laucevičius, Aleksandras
Subjects: Male, Acute coronary syndrome, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Randomization, PCSK9 inhibitor, LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, acute coronary syndrom, Placebo, Gastroenterology, lipoprotein(a), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Aged, Alirocumab, RISK, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Science & Technology, biology, business.industry, PCSK9, PCSK9 Inhibitors, Hazard ratio, ALIROCUMAB, acute coronary syndrome, Cholesterol, LDL, Lipoprotein(a), Middle Aged, EFFICACY, medicine.disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, SAFETY, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, biology.protein, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), STATIN, low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol PCSK9 inhibitor, CORONARY, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Mace
Abstract: Digital, Background Guidelines recommend nonstatin lipid-lowering agents in patients at very high risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) if low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains ≥70 mg/dL on maximum tolerated statin treatment. It is uncertain if this approach benefits patients with LDL-C near 70 mg/dL. Lipoprotein(a) levels may influence residual risk. Objectives In a post hoc analysis of the ODYSSEY Outcomes (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) trial, the authors evaluated the benefit of adding the proprotein subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor alirocumab to optimized statin treatment in patients with LDL-C levels near 70 mg/dL. Effects were evaluated according to concurrent lipoprotein(a) levels. Methods ODYSSEY Outcomes compared alirocumab with placebo in 18,924 patients with recent acute coronary syndromes receiving optimized statin treatment. In 4,351 patients (23.0%), screening or randomization LDL-C was 13.7 mg/dL or ≤13.7 mg/dL; corresponding adjusted treatment hazard ratios were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72-0.92) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.75-1.06), with Pinteraction = 0.43. Conclusions In patients with recent acute coronary syndromes and LDL-C near 70 mg/dL on optimized statin therapy, proprotein subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition provides incremental clinical benefit only when lipoprotein(a) concentration is at least mildly elevated. (ODYSSEY Outcomes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab; NCT01663402), Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud
Published: 2021

29. Race and Ethnicity, Obesity, Metabolic Health, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women

Author: Michelle D. Schmiegelow, Haley Hedlin, Rachel H. Mackey, Lisa W. Martin, Mara Z. Vitolins, Marcia L. Stefanick, Marco V. Perez, Matthew Allison, and Mark A. Hlatky
Subjects: cardiovascular disease, metabolism (metabolic syndrome), obesity, race/ethnicity, women, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background It is unclear whether obesity unaccompanied by metabolic abnormalities is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk across racial and ethnic subgroups. Methods and Results We identified 14 364 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative who had data on fasting serum lipids and serum glucose and no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline. We categorized women by body mass index (in kg/m2) as normal weight (body mass index 18.5 to
Published: 2015
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30. Fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography coronary angiography in the assessment of stable chest pain. The FORECAST Randomised Trial

Author: Mark A. Hlatky, Colin Berry, Camilla Barrett, Lucy Johnson, Ian Ford, Mamas A. Mamas, James Shambrook, Sam Wilding, Gerry P McCann, Anoop Chauhan, Kayleigh Hill, Justin Carter, Darran Ball, Jacqui Nuttall, Neal G. Uren, Beth Stuart, Zoe Nicholas, Kim Fox, Peter O'Kane, Ronak Rajani, Carl Roobottom, Derek L. Connolly, Alex Hobson, Zina Eminton, Nick Curzen, and Pamela S. Douglas
Subjects: Fractional flow reserve (FFRCT), Stable angina, Computed Tomography Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease, Fractional flow reserve, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Chest pain, Coronary Angiography, Computed tomography coronary angiography, law.invention, Coronary artery disease, Angina, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Clinical endpoint, AcademicSubjects/MED00200, 030212 general & internal medicine, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Heart, Coronary Vessels, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial, Cardiology, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Quality of life, medicine.medical_specialty, Ischaemic Heart Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Predictive Value of Tests, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, medicine, Cost analysis, Humans, Myocardial, Angina, Stable, Surrogate endpoint, business.industry, Coronary Stenosis, 1103 Clinical Sciences, medicine.disease, R1, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Angiography, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract: Aims Fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) using computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) determines both the presence of coronary artery disease and vessel-specific ischaemia. We tested whether an evaluation strategy based on FFRCT would improve economic and clinical outcomes compared with standard care. Methods and results Overall, 1400 patients with stable chest pain in 11 centres were randomized to initial testing with CTCA with selective FFRCT (experimental group) or standard clinical care pathways (standard group). The primary endpoint was total cardiac costs at 9 months. Secondary endpoints were angina status, quality of life, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and use of invasive coronary angiography. Randomized groups were similar at baseline. Most patients had an initial CTCA: 439 (63%) in the standard group vs. 674 (96%) in the experimental group, 254 of whom (38%) underwent FFRCT. Mean total cardiac costs were higher by £114 (+8%) in the experimental group, with a 95% confidence interval from −£112 (−8%) to +£337 (+23%), though the difference was not significant (P = 0.10). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events did not differ significantly (10.2% in the experimental group vs. 10.6% in the standard group) and angina and quality of life improved to a similar degree over follow-up in both randomized groups. Invasive angiography was reduced significantly in the experimental group (19% vs. 25%, P = 0.01). Conclusion A strategy of CTCA with selective FFRCT in patients with stable angina did not differ significantly from standard clinical care pathways in cost or clinical outcomes, but did reduce the use of invasive coronary angiography., Graphical Abstract Summarising trial design and main results.
Published: 2021

31. Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Unique Opportunities for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Author: Kathryn M. Rexrode, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Jennifer J. Stuart, Juan M. Gonzalez, Mark A. Hlatky, Suzanne E. Judd, Vascular Biology, Erica P. Gunderson, Dhananjay Vaidya, and Nisha I. Parikh
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Breastfeeding, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Physiology (medical), Health care, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, Stroke, Placental abruption, business.industry, Pregnancy Outcome, American Heart Association, medicine.disease, United States, Health equity, Gestational diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: This statement summarizes evidence that adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm delivery, gestational diabetes, small-for-gestational-age delivery, placental abruption, and pregnancy loss increase a woman’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and of developing subsequent CVD (including fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure). This statement highlights the importance of recognizing APOs when CVD risk is evaluated in women, although their value in reclassifying risk may not be established. A history of APOs is a prompt for more vigorous primordial prevention of CVD risk factors and primary prevention of CVD. Adopting a heart-healthy diet and increasing physical activity among women with APOs, starting in the postpartum setting and continuing across the life span, are important lifestyle interventions to decrease CVD risk. Lactation and breastfeeding may lower a woman’s later cardiometabolic risk. Black and Asian women experience a higher proportion APOs, with more severe clinical presentation and worse outcomes, than White women. More studies on APOs and CVD in non-White women are needed to better understand and address these health disparities. Future studies of aspirin, statins, and metformin may better inform our recommendations for pharmacotherapy in primary CVD prevention among women who have had an APO. Several opportunities exist for health care systems to improve transitions of care for women with APOs and to implement strategies to reduce their long-term CVD risk. One proposed strategy includes incorporation of the concept of a fourth trimester into clinical recommendations and health care policy.
Published: 2021

32. Chronic Kidney Disease and Coronary Artery Disease

Author: Mark J. Sarnak, Kerstin Amann, Sripal Bangalore, João L. Cavalcante, David M. Charytan, Jonathan C. Craig, John S. Gill, Mark A. Hlatky, Alan G. Jardine, Ulf Landmesser, L. Kristin Newby, Charles A. Herzog, Michael Cheung, David C. Wheeler, Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer, Thomas H. Marwick, Debasish Banerjee, Carlo Briguori, Tara I. Chang, Chien-Liang Chen, Christopher R. deFilippi, Xiaoqiang Ding, Charles J. Ferro, Jagbir Gill, Mario Gössl, Nicole M. Isbel, Hideki Ishii, Meg J. Jardine, Philip A. Kalra, Günther Laufer, Krista L. Lentine, Kevin Lobdell, Charmaine E. Lok, Gérard M. London, Jolanta Małyszko, Patrick B. Mark, Mohamed Marwan, Yuxin Nie, Patrick S. Parfrey, Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Helen Pilmore, Wajeh Y. Qunibi, Paolo Raggi, Marcello Rattazzi, Patrick Rossignol, Josiah Ruturi, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Catherine M. Shanahan, Gautam R. Shroff, Rukshana Shroff, Angela C. Webster, Daniel E. Weiner, Simon Winther, Alexander C. Wiseman, Anthony Yip, and Alexander Zarbock
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, CAD, State of the art review, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, urologic and male genital diseases, Revascularization, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, Prospective cohort study, Very high risk, Kidney disease
Abstract: Highlights •CKD is associated with very high risk of CAD. CAD management is complicated in CKD patients, due to comorbid conditions and potential side effects during interventions. •There are few trials related to CAD with focus on CKD patients, particularly in those with advanced CKD. •Additional prospective studies focusing on diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CAD are needed in CKD.
Published: 2019

33. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: Executive Summary

Author: Salim S. Virani, Nuria Lopez-Pajares, Laurence S. Sperling, Daniel E. Forman, Paul A. Heidenreich, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Sidney C. Smith, Ronald N. Goldberg, Joseph Faiella-Tommasino, Joseph J. Saseen, Carmen A. Peralta, Craig A. Beam, Sarah D. de Ferranti, Chiadi E Ndumele, Lynne T. Braun, Kim K. Birtcher, Alison L. Bailey, Daniel W. Jones, Joseph Yeboah, Scott M. Grundy, Carl E. Orringer, Mark A. Hlatky, Roger S. Blumenthal, and Neil J. Stone
Subjects: Ldl cholesterol, Secondary prevention, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronary artery calcium score, business.industry, Guideline, Internal medicine, Primary prevention, Blood cholesterol, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Patient compliance
Published: 2019

34. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol

Author: Daniel E. Forman, Joseph Faiella-Tommasino, Carmen A. Peralta, Mark A. Hlatky, Craig A. Beam, Carl E. Orringer, Roger S. Blumenthal, Sarah D. de Ferranti, Ronald N. Goldberg, Lynne T. Braun, Kim K. Birtcher, Sidney C. Smith, Neil J. Stone, Scott M. Grundy, Daniel W. Jones, Chiadi E Ndumele, Joseph Yeboah, Laurence S. Sperling, Paul A. Heidenreich, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Joseph J. Saseen, Alison L. Bailey, Salim S. Virani, and Nuria Lopez-Pajares
Subjects: Ldl cholesterol, Secondary prevention, biology, business.industry, Coronary artery calcium score, Guideline, Pharmacology, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Primary prevention, Blood cholesterol, biology.protein, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Patient compliance
Published: 2019

35. Recent Innovations, Modifications, and Evolution of ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guidelines: An Update for Our Constituencies

Author: Joshua A. Beckman, Sana M. Al-Khatib, Joaquin E. Cigarroa, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Kim K. Birtcher, Glenn N. Levine, Federico Gentile, Mark A. Hlatky, Jose A. Joglar, Anita Deswal, Patrick T. O'Gara, Mariann R. Piano, Lee A. Fleisher, Zachary D. Goldberger, and Lisa de las Fuentes
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Task force, Cardiovascular health, MEDLINE, Evidence-based medicine, Guideline, Scientific evidence, Clinical Practice, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Association (psychology)
Abstract: Since 1980, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) have translated scientific evidence into clinical practice guidelines with recommendations to improve cardiovascular health [(1)][1]. These guidelines, based on systematic methods to evaluate and classify
Published: 2019

36. ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/SCAI/SCCT/STS 2017 appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization in patients with stable ischemic heart disease

Author: Manesh R. Patel, John H. Calhoon, Gregory J. Dehmer, James Aaron Grantham, Thomas M. Maddox, David J. Maron, Peter K. Smith, Michael J. Wolk, James C. Blankenship, Alfred A. Bove, Steven M. Bradley, Larry S. Dean, Peter L. Duffy, T. Bruce Ferguson, Frederick L. Grover, Robert A. Guyton, Mark A. Hlatky, Harold L. Lazar, Vera H. Rigolin, Geoffrey A. Rose, Richard J. Shemin, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, Carl L. Tommaso, L. Samuel Wann, John B. Wong, John U. Doherty, Steven R. Bailey, Nicole M. Bhave, Alan S. Brown, Stacie L. Daugherty, Milind Y. Desai, Claire S. Duvernoy, Linda D. Gillam, Robert C. Hendel, Christopher M. Kramer, Bruce D. Lindsay, Warren J. Manning, Ritu Sachdeva, David E. Winchester, and Joseph M. Allen
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Computed tomography, Disease, Coronary revascularization, Appropriate Use Criteria, Cardiothoracic surgery, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, Surgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Ischemic heart
Published: 2019

37. The mediating role of effective treatments in the relationship between income level and survival in patients with heart failure:a sex- and cohabitation-stratified study

Author: Christian Torp-Pedersen, Sidsel Møller, Thomas A. Gerds, Mark A. Hlatky, Julie Andersen, Morten Schou, Gunnar Gislason, Christian Madelaire, and Katrine Strandberg-Larsen
Subjects: Low income, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Home Environment, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Heart failure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Danish, 03 medical and health sciences, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Mortality, Heart Failure, Medical treatment, business.industry, After discharge, medicine.disease, language.human_language, Treatment, Cohabitation, language, Income level, Income, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Aims Patients with heart failure and low income have a high mortality risk. We examined whether lower survival among low-income patients with heart failure could be explained by different use of β -blockers, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi), and implanted devices compared with high-income patients. Methods and results We linked Danish national registries to identify patients with new-onset heart failure between 2005 and 2016. A total of 18 308 patients was included in the main analysis. We collected information on medical treatment and device therapy after discharge. We investigated the remaining income disparity if everybody had the same probability of treatment as the high-income patients. We used causal mediation analysis to examine to what extent treatment differences mediate the association between income and 1-year mortality in strata defined by sex and cohabitation status. If low-income patients had the same probability of initiating β-blockers and RASi treatment as high-income patients, low-income men who lived alone would increase initiation of treatment by 12.4% (CI: 10.0% to 14.9%) and as a result reduce their absolute 1-year mortality by 1.0% (CI: −1.4% to −0.5%). If low-income patients had the same probability of not having breaks in medical treatment and getting device therapy, as high-income patients, low-income patients would increase the probability of not having breaks in treatment between 1.8% and 5.8% and increase the probability of getting device therapy between 1.0% and 3.8%, across strata of sex and cohabitation status. Conclusion Lower rates of treatment initiation appear to mediate the poorer survival seen among patients with heart failure and low income, but only in males living alone.
Published: 2021

38. Impact of the Veterans Affairs National Abdominal Aortic Screening Program

Author: Manuel Garcia-Toca, Alexander Kou, Nathan K. Itoga, Jason T. Lee, Oliver Aalami, Ronald L. Dalman, Mark A. Hlatky, and Sesh Mudumbai
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Family medicine, Medicine, Surgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Veterans Affairs
Published: 2021

39. Socioeconomic position and initiation of SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes - a Danish nationwide observational study

Author: M E Malik, Lars Koeber, Torp-Pedersen Ct, A. C. Ruwald, M Shou, Peter Gæde, Christian Selmer, Julie Andersen, Niels Eske Bruun, Alexander C. Falkentoft, Mark A. Hlatky, Gunnar Gislason, Thomas A. Gerds, E L Fosboel, and P B Staehr
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Socioeconomic position, business.industry, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Glucagon-like peptide-1, language.human_language, Danish, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, language, Medicine, In patient, Observational study, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
Abstract: Background Between 2015 and 2017, Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucacon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) were shown to reduce cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Thus, in 2018, guidelines were updated to favor these drugs in patients with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Lower socioeconomic position may adversely affect use of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RA. Purpose We aimed to examine socioeconomic differences in initiation of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RA in a contemporary population of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Through the Danish nationwide registers, we identified all patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated second-line add-on therapy after metformin monotherapy between December 10, 2012, and December 31, 2018. Patients aged 40–79 years and without a history of end-stage renal disease were included. We measured socioeconomic position according to level of income: Low = 1st quartile; Middle = 2nd and 3rd quartile; High = 4th quartile. Based on multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, cohabitation status, duration of type 2 diabetes, comorbidities, and cardiovascular medications, we reported the standardised probabilities of initiating each drug class at time of first intensification according to income group and time period: 2012–2014, 2015–2017, and 2018. Results The 33,201 patients had a median age of 63 years (interquartile range 53–69). The probability of initiating a SGLT-2 inhibitor or a GLP-1 RA increased over time in all income-groups. In each time period, the standardised probability of initiating a SGLT-2 inhibitor or a GLP-1 RA at time of first intensification increased with increasing income (Figure): in 2012–2014, from 9.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.4–10.9) in the lowest income group to 14.4% (CI 12.9–15.9) in the highest income group; in 2015–2017, from 19.5% (CI 18.3–20.7) to 24.6% (CI 23.3–25.9); in 2018, from 39.9% (CI 37.5–42.3) to 50.7% (CI 48.2–53.1). The absolute difference between high and low income groups increased over time, reaching 10.8% (CI 7.3–14.3) in 2018. A similar trend was observed in both subgroups of patients with and without established cardiovascular disease (data not shown). Initiation of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor increased with income in the early time periods, but this trend reversed in 2018 (Figure). Initiation of sulfonylureas (SU) showed a consistent inverse association with income in each time period. Conclusions Low socioeconomic position was consistently associated with a lower probability of initiation of a GLP-1 RA or a SLGT-2 inhibitor at time of first intensification of antidiabetic treatment, even after guidelines recommended these drugs to patients with established cardiovascular disease. These disparities may adversely affect cardiovascular outcomes in patients with low socioeconomic position. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
Published: 2021

40. Association of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes with Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women

Author: Mark A. Hlatky, Linda Van Horn, Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher, Marc Meller Søndergaard, Maryam Sattari, Eric Vittinghoff, JoAnn E. Manson, Carolina Valdiviezo, Alison Gemmill, Gregory Nah, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Ki Park, Nisha I. Parikh, Matthew A. Allison, Shawnita Sealy-Jefferson, and Marcia L. Stefanick
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Birth weight, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Nose, Risk Assessment, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Interquartile range, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomic status, Original Investigation, Obstetrics, business.industry, Pregnancy Outcome, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Atherosclerosis, medicine.disease, Postmenopause, Gestational diabetes, Low birth weight, Policy, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Self Report, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Importance Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) may have unique risk factors in women. Most women have a history of pregnancy; common adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) appear to be associated with ASCVD, but prior studies have limitations. Objective To assess whether APOs are associated with increased ASCVD risk independently of traditional risk factors. Design, Setting, and Participants The APO history among participants in the Women’s Health Initiative, a large multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women, was assessed. The associations of 5 self-reported APOs (gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, low birth weight [ie, birth weight less than 2.49 kg], high birth weight [ie, birth weight greater than 4.08 kg], and preterm delivery by 3 weeks or more) with ASCVD were analyzed, adjusting for traditional ASCVD risk factors. Data were collected and analyzed in 2017. Exposures APOs (gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, low birth weight, high birth weight, and preterm delivery). Main Outcomes and Measures Adjudicated ASCVD. Results A total of 48 113 Women’s Health Initiative participants responded to the survey; the median (interquartile range) age at time of enrollment was 60.0 (55.0-64.0) years. A total of 13 482 participants (28.8%) reported 1 or more APOs. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was more frequent in women who reported an APO compared with those without APOs (1028 of 13 482 [7.6%] vs 1758 of 30 522 [5.8%]). Each APO, analyzed separately, was significantly associated with ASCVD, and gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, low birth weight, and preterm delivery remained significant after adjustment for traditional ASCVD risk factors. When all APOs were analyzed together, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15-1.40) and low birth weight (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.26) remained independently associated with ASCVD. All findings were materially unchanged by additional adjustment for parity, body mass index, and socioeconomic factors. Conclusions and Relevance In this large multiethnic cohort of women, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and low birth weight were independently associated with ASCVD after adjustment for risk factors and other APOs.
Published: 2020

41. Socioeconomic position influences the risk of first-time cardiovascular event in patients with type 2 diabetes in spite of equal access to healthcare – a Danish nationwide cohort study

Author: Peter Gæde, P B Staehr, G. H. Gislason, A. C. Ruwald, Mark A. Hlatky, Niels Eske Bruun, C Wichmand, Alexander C. Falkentoft, Bochra Zareini, Torben Hansen, Morten Schou, Torp-Pedersen Ct, and Christian Selmer
Subjects: Cardiovascular event, medicine.medical_specialty, Socioeconomic position, business.industry, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, language.human_language, Danish, Family medicine, Health care, medicine, Spite, language, In patient, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Background Social inequality poses a major public health challenge. Low socioeconomic position has been associated with cardiovascular disease in patients without diabetes. Yet, the association between socioeconomic position, type 2 diabetes, and first-time cardiovascular disease has not previously been investigated in a nationwide cohort from a country with equal access to healthcare. Purpose To examine the association between socioeconomic position and development of first-time major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a Danish nationwide population of patients with incident type 2 diabetes. Methods Using the Danish nationwide registers, we identified all Danish residents with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes between 2000 and 2017. Patients aged 40–79 years, without a history of ischemic heart disease and/or stroke were included. Income was used as a surrogate for socioeconomic position, and was assessed as quartiles of inflation adjusted, mean five-year income prior to index. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to assess the association between income and the primary composite outcome of ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality (MACE). We assessed income as a time-dependent variable and adjusted for age, gender, calendar year, baseline comorbidities, and medication. Results In total 107,612 patients were included with a median age of 63 (interquartile range [IQR] 55–70) years and a median follow-up time of 6.8 (IQR 3.5–10.6) years. Patients in the lowest income quartile were older (median age 69 vs. 60 years) and more likely to be female (53.3% vs 36.7%) compared with the highest quartile (all P Conclusions Despite equal access to healthcare, low socioeconomic position was independently associated with an increased risk of first-time MACE in patients with incident type 2 diabetes. The finding was significant across age groups with the highest relative risks of MACE among younger patients. Our results indicate the importance of prevention strategies targeting patients with low socioeconomic position. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Zealand University Hospital Roskilde
Published: 2020

42. ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/SCAI/SCCT/STS 2017 appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization in patients with stable ischemic heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Author: Manesh R, Patel, John H, Calhoon, Gregory J, Dehmer, James Aaron, Grantham, Thomas M, Maddox, David J, Maron, Peter K, Smith, Michael J, Wolk, James C, Blankenship, Alfred A, Bove, Steven M, Bradley, Larry S, Dean, Peter L, Duffy, T Bruce, Ferguson, Frederick L, Grover, Robert A, Guyton, Mark A, Hlatky, Harold L, Lazar, Vera H, Rigolin, Geoffrey A, Rose, Richard J, Shemin, Jacqueline E, Tamis-Holland, Carl L, Tommaso, L Samuel, Wann, John B, Wong, John U, Doherty, Steven R, Bailey, Nicole M, Bhave, Alan S, Brown, Stacie L, Daugherty, Milind Y, Desai, Claire S, Duvernoy, Linda D, Gillam, Robert C, Hendel, Christopher M, Kramer, Bruce D, Lindsay, Warren J, Manning, Ritu, Sachdeva, David E, Winchester, and Joseph M, Allen
Published: 2020

43. Mortality and readmission in non-ischemic compared with ischemic cardiomyopathies after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation

Author: Jenny Bjerre, Craig S. Parzynski, Tariq Ahmad, D Friedman, Mark A. Hlatky, Karl E. Minges, Erica S. Spatz, Alan D. Enriquez, James V. Freeman, Angela Y. Higgins, Jeptha P. Curtis, and Nihar R. Desai
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Ischemia, Cardiomyopathy, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, medicine.disease, Implantable defibrillators, Primary prevention, Internal medicine, Heart failure, medicine, Cardiology, Non ischemic, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background/Introduction Uncertainty remains regarding the benefit of primary prevention ICDs overall in contemporary practice, and particularly in those with NICM compared with ICM. Purpose To evaluate the contemporary risk of death and readmission following following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathies (NICM) compared with ischemic cardiomyopathies (ICM) in a large nationally representative cohort in the United States. Methods We used data from the American College of Cardiology (ACC) National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) ICD Registry linked with Medicare claims from April 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013 to establish a cohort of NICM and ICM patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% who received a de novo, primary prevention ICD. We compared mortality, all-cause readmission, and heart failure readmission using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard regressions models. We also evaluated temporal trends in mortality. Results Among 31,044 NICM and 68,458 ICM patients with a median follow up of 2.4 years, one-year mortality was significantly higher in ICM patients (12.3%) compared with NICM (7.9%, p Conclusions The risks of mortality and hospital readmission after primary prevention ICD implantation were significantly higher in patients with ICM compared with NICM, and these findings were consistent across all patient subgroups tested and over the duration of the study. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
Published: 2020

44. Comparison of Mortality and Readmission in Non-Ischemic Versus Ischemic Cardiomyopathy After Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation

Author: Erica S. Spatz, Daniel J. Friedman, Craig S. Parzynski, Mark A. Hlatky, Jenny Bjerre, Alan D. Enriquez, Tariq Ahmad, Angela Y. Higgins, James V. Freeman, Jeptha P. Curtis, Nihar R. Desai, and Karl E. Minges
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Patient Readmission, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Registries, Survival rate, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Ejection fraction, Ischemic cardiomyopathy, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, Confidence interval, United States, Defibrillators, Implantable, Survival Rate, Cohort, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cardiomyopathies
Abstract: Data is lacking on the contemporary risk of death and readmission following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathies (NICM) compared with ischemic cardiomyopathies (ICM) in a large nationally representative cohort. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry linked with Medicare claims from April 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013. We established a cohort of NICM and ICM patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% who received a de novo, primary prevention ICD. We compared mortality and readmission using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard regressions models. We also evaluated temporal trends in mortality. In 31,044 NICM and 68,458 ICM patients with a median follow up of 2.4 years, 1-year mortality was significantly higher in ICM patients (12.3%) compared with NICM (7.9%, p < 0.001). The higher mortality in ICM patients remained significant after adjustment for covariates (hazard ratio [HR] 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36 to 1.45), and was consistent in subgroup analyses. These findings were consistent across the duration of the study. ICM patients were also significantly more likely to be readmitted for all causes (adjusted HR 1.15, CI 1.12 to 1.18) and for heart failure (adjusted HR 1.25, CI 1.21 to 1.31). In conclusion, the risks of mortality and hospital readmission after primary prevention ICD implantation were significantly higher in patients with ICM compared with NICM which was consistent across all patient subgroups tested and over the duration of the study.
Published: 2020

45. Lipoprotein(a) levels and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in the Women's Health Initiative

Author: Matthew A. Allison, Matthew W. Mell, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Mark A. Hlatky, Robert A. Wild, Robert B. Wallace, Simin Liu, Elizabeth L. Chou, Matthew J. Eagleton, Mary Pettinger, Mark F. Conrad, Linda Snetselaar, Jean Wactawski-Wende, and Bernhard Haring
Subjects: Aging, Time Factors, Comorbidity, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Overweight, Cardiovascular, Medical and Health Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Hyperlipidemia, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, biology, Women's Health Initiative, Incidence, Hazard ratio, Lipoprotein(a), Middle Aged, Prognosis, Aortic Aneurysm, Postmenopause, Current Procedural Terminology, Pacific islanders, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Statin, medicine.drug_class, Women's health, Aortic Rupture, Medicare, Risk Assessment, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Abdominal, Aged, Dyslipidemias, business.industry, Prevention, medicine.disease, United States, Good Health and Well Being, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, biology.protein, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Women's Health, Surgery, business, Biomarkers, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
Abstract: Objective Few studies have prospectively examined the associations of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels with the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), especially in women. Accounting for commonly recognized risk factors, we investigated the baseline Lp(a) levels and the risk of AAA among postmenopausal women participating in the ongoing national Women's Health Initiative. Methods Women's Health Initiative participants with baseline Lp(a) levels available who were beneficiaries of Medicare parts A and B fee-for-service at study enrollment or who had aged into Medicare at any point were included. Participants with missing covariate data or known AAA at baseline were excluded. Thoracic aneurysms were excluded owing to the different pathophysiology. The AAA cases and interventions were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th revision, codes and Current Procedural Terminology codes from claims data. Hazard ratios were computed using Cox proportional hazard models according to the quintiles of Lp(a). Results The mean age of the 6615 participants included in the analysis was 65.3 years. Of the 6615 participants, 66.6% were non-Hispanic white, 18.9% were black, 7% were Hispanic and 4.7% were Asian/Pacific Islander. Compared with the participants in the lowest Lp(a) quintile, those in higher quintiles were more likely to be overweight, black, and former or current smokers, to have hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a history of cardiovascular disease, and to use menopausal hormone therapy and statins. During 65,476 person-years of follow-up, with a median of 10.4 years, 415 women had been diagnosed with an AAA and 36 had required intervention. More than one half had required intervention for a ruptured AAA. We failed to find a statistically significant association between Lp(a) levels and incident AAA. Additional sensitivity analyses stratified by race, with exclusion of statin users and alternative categorizations of Lp(a) using log-transformed levels, tertiles, and a cutoff of >50 mg/dL, were conducted, which did not reveal any significant associations. Conclusions We found no statistically significant association between Lp(a) levels and the risk of AAA in a large and well-phenotyped sample of postmenopausal women. Women with high Lp(a) levels were more likely to be overweight, black, and former or current smokers, and to have hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a history of cardiovascular disease, or to use hormone therapy and statins compared with those with lower Lp(a) levels. These findings differ from previous prospective, case-control, and meta-analysis studies that had supported a significant relationship between higher Lp(a) levels and an increased risk of AAA. Differences in the association could have resulted from study limitations or sex differences.
Published: 2020

46. Association of Longitudinal Values of Glycated Hemoglobin With Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

Author: José Antonio Franchini Ramires, Carlos Vicente Serrano, Eduardo Gomes Lima, Gustavo Andre Boeing Boros, Mark A. Hlatky, F F Ribas, Roberto Kalil Filho, Whady Hueb, Luciano Selistre, Thiago Luis Scudeler, Paulo Cury Rezende, Rosa Maria Rahmi Garcia, and Cibele Larrosa Garzillo
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiology, Type 2 diabetes, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary artery disease, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, Interquartile range, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, Longitudinal Studies, Original Investigation, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Glycated Hemoglobin, business.industry, Research, Hazard ratio, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Online Only, chemistry, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated hemoglobin, business, Brazil, Cohort study
Abstract: Key Points Question Are longitudinal glycated hemoglobin values associated with cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and stable multivessel coronary artery disease? Findings In this cohort study of 725 patients with type 2 diabetes and multivessel coronary artery disease, a 1-point increase in glycated hemoglobin values during follow-up was independently associated with higher risk of the combined outcome of death, myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke, after adjustment for baseline clinical factors. Meaning Longitudinal increase of glycated hemoglobin was associated with higher rates of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and multivessel coronary artery disease, and the mechanisms underlying this association require further investigation., This cohort study examines whether longitudinal variation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is associated with cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD)., Importance Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values are used to guide glycemic control, but in patients with type 2 diabetes and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD), the association of the longitudinal values of HbA1c with cardiovascular outcomes is unclear. Objective To assess whether longitudinal variation of HbA1c is associated with cardiovascular events in long-term follow-up among patients with diabetes and multivessel CAD. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included 888 patients with type 2 diabetes and multivessel CAD in the Medicine, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study (MASS) Registry of the Heart Institute of the University of São Paulo from January 2003 to December 2007. Data were analyzed from January 15, 2018, to October 15, 2019. Exposure Longitudinal HbA1c values. Main Outcomes and Measures The combined outcome of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. Results Of 888 patients with type 2 diabetes and multivessel CAD, 725 (81.6%; median [range] age, 62.4 [55.7-68.0] years; 467 [64.4%] men) had complete clinical and HbA1c information during a median (interquartile range) follow-up period of 10.0 (8.0-12.3) years, with a mean (SD) of 9.5 (3.8) HbA1c values for each patient. The composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke occurred in 262 patients (36.1%). A 1-point increase in the longitudinal value of HbA1c was significantly associated with a 14% higher risk of the combined end point of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.24; P = .002) in the unadjusted analysis. After adjusting for baseline factors (ie, age, sex, 2-vessel or 3-vessel CAD, initial CAD treatments, ejection fraction, and creatinine and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels), a 1-point increase in the longitudinal value of HbA1c was associated with a 22% higher risk of the combined end point (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12-1.35; P
Published: 2020

47. Cardiovascular complications in patients with total cavopulmonary connection:A nationwide cohort study

Author: Lars Søndergaard, Mark A. Hlatky, Gunnar Gislason, Michelle Schmiegelow, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Lars Idorn, and Lars Køber
Subjects: Heart Defects, Congenital, medicine.medical_specialty, Complications, Epidemiology, Population, Pulmonary Artery, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Fontan Procedure, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Cumulative incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, education, Stroke, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Anastomosis, Surgical, medicine.disease, Total cavopulmonary connection, Thromboembolic, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Cohort, Venae Cavae, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Arrhythmia, Cohort study, Fontan
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term outcomes are not well established at the population level after completion of the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) among patients with functional univentricular hearts.PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of cardiovascular events after TCPC completion.METHODS: From a validated population-based cohort, we identified 178 patients with TCPC circulation completed after January 1, 1995. We established a comparison cohort by frequency-matching patients 1:200 on sex, and month and year of birth to the general Danish population (n = 35,600 population controls). We started follow-up at date of TCPC completion for cases and, for controls, at the index date of their matched case. The risks of cardiovascular events were assessed using cumulative incidence rates and Poisson regression models adjusted for age, sex, and calendar year.RESULTS: The median age at TCPC completion was 3.3 years (interquartile range 2.6 to 5.3 years). Over a median follow-up of 12.5 years, 10 (5.6%) TCPC patients died and 7 (4.5%) had a heart transplantation compared with a 0.2% mortality in the matched population. In TCPC patients, 15.7% had an arrhythmia (11.8% supraventricular tachycardia), 3.4% had a stroke (all ischemic), and 21.4% of TCPC patients initiated a combination of a diuretic and a renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-inhibitor. These rates were >50-fold higher than in the comparison cohort: 0.2% arrhythmia, 0.06% stroke, and 0.04% starting a diuretic and a RAS-inhibitor.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with TCPC circulation face a high risk of cardiovascular events during intermediate term follow-up.
Published: 2020

48. Design of a modular, extensible decision support system for arrhythmia therapy.

Author: Carol H. F. Cheng, Gillian D. Sanders, Kathryn M. McDonald, Paul Heidenreich, Mark A. Hlatky, and Douglas K. Owens
Published: 1998

49. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death

Author: Christopher B. Granger, David J. Callans, Timm Dickfeld, Stephen C. Hammill, Robert J. Myerburg, Mark A. Hlatky, Anne B. Curtis, Michael E. Field, Sana M. Al-Khatib, William J. Bryant, Anne M. Gillis, Jose A. Joglar, Daniel D. Matlock, Barbara J. Deal, Gregg C. Fonarow, Richard L. Page, William G. Stevenson, G. Neal Kay, and Michael J. Ackerman
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Cardiac resynchronization therapy, Sudden cardiac arrest, Guideline, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, medicine.disease, Ventricular tachycardia, Sudden cardiac death, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Heart failure, medicine, Cardiology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Glenn N. Levine, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair Patrick T. O’Gara, MD, MACC, FAHA, Chair-Elect Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA, Immediate Past Chair [¶][1] Sana M. Al-Khatib, MD, MHS, FACC, FAHA Joshua A. Beckman, MD, MS, FAHA Kim K. Birtcher, MS, PharmD, AACC Biykem Bozkurt, MD, PhD, FACC
Published: 2018

50. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Executive Summary

Author: Stephen C. Hammill, Anne M. Gillis, William J. Bryant, Christopher B. Granger, Michael E. Field, William G. Stevenson, Richard L. Page, Anne B. Curtis, Timm Dickfeld, G. Neal Kay, Michael J. Ackerman, David J. Callans, Sana M. Al-Khatib, Daniel D. Matlock, Mark A. Hlatky, Jose A. Joglar, Gregg C. Fonarow, Barbara J. Deal, and Robert J. Myerburg
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Task force, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Sudden cardiac arrest, Guideline, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Ventricular tachycardia, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, Sudden cardiac death, Heart Rhythm, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Heart failure, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Glenn N. Levine, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair Patrick T. O’Gara, MD, MACC, FAHA, Chair-Elect Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA, Immediate Past Chair [¶][1] Sana M. Al-Khatib, MD, MHS, FACC, FAHA Joshua A. Beckman, MD, MS, FAHA Kim K. Birtcher, MS, PharmD, AACC Biykem Bozkurt, MD, PhD, FACC
Published: 2018

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