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Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale applied to pregnant women in Primary Health Care. Method This is a methodological study conducted with 937 pregnant women assisted in the Family Health Strategy in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Psychometric sensitivity, construct and criterion validity, and reliability were evaluated. Results The instrument achieved adequate psychometric sensitivity (skewness < 3 and kurtosis < 7). Quality fit indicators of the model were obtained: x2/gl = 4.72, CFI = 0.89, GFI = 0.90, TLI = 0.87, RMSEA = 0.063 (90% CI = 0.059-0.067, p = 0.000). Hypothesis testing indicated associations with marital status (p = 0.036), income (p= 0.030), trimester (p < 0.001), planned pregnancy (p = 0.003), social support (p < 0.001), and family APGAR score (p < 0.001). Significant correlations (p < 0.001) with stress (r = -0.12) and depressive symptoms (r = -0.17) demonstrated divergent criterion validity. Cronbach’s α of 0.874 was recorded. Conclusion The scale showed adequate psychometric evidence for application to pregnant women in the Primary Health Care setting.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder whose prevalence is constantly increasing. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between ASD and socioeconomic and demographic factors of parents of children/adolescents in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A case-control study was carried out, consisting of 1,134 children/adolescents, 248 with ASD and 886 without ASD. A semi-structured questionnaire was used and multiple logistic regression was performed. Results: Children/adolescents with ASD are more likely to be male (OR: 3.91; 95% CI: 2.67–5.68), children of mothers aged ≥25 years (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.50–3.09), who worked outside the home during pregnancy (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04–2.24) and that, at the time of the interview, they were not inserted in the labor market (OR: 3.17; 95% CI: 2.44–5.65), white (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.01–2.22), and who performed prenatal care in private institutions (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.38–2.80). Conclusion: The socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with ASD are important for the diagnosis and, consequently, for the increase in the number of reported cases. Thus, public policies are needed to allow equal access to the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the association between breastfeeding and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children and adolescents. Methods: this is a case-control study carried out in the north of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, which included 248 children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD (case group) and 886 children and adolescents without a diagnosis of ASD (control group).Interviews were conducted with the mothers of children and adolescents and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. For data analysis, a multiple logistic regression model was adopted. The magnitude of associations was estimated by the odds ratio (OR). Three multiple models were fitted: Model 1: presence or absence of breastfeeding; Model 2: duration of breastfeeding; Model 3: duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Results: ASD was associated with the absence of breastfeeding in the three adjusted models: Model 1: OR=2.1, CI95%=1.1-4.1; Model 2: OR=2.3, CI95%=1.2-4.5; Model 3: OR=2.3, CI95%=1.2-4.5. Conclusions: individuals with ASD were more likely to have not received breastfeeding, however, due to the nature of case control studies, it cannot be stated that breastfeeding prevents ASD. Conducting a cohort study may clarify this relationship.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a prevalência do aumento da automedicação durante a pandemia de COVID-19 entre professores da educação básica pública e fatores associados. Métodos: inquérito epidemiológico do tipo websurvey, realizado com professores da educação básica pública de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto a setembro de 2020 via formulário online. A variável dependente foi a automedicação durante a pandemia. Foi utilizada a Regressão de Poisson, com variância robusta. Resultados: participaram do estudo 15.641 professores de 795 cidades mineiras, 81,9% eram do sexo feminino. Observou-se que 14,5% dos professores aumentaram a automedicação durante a pandemia, entre eles houve maior prevalência entre as mulheres (Razão de Prevalência [RP]=1,25; Intervalo de Confiança de 95% [IC95%]=1,12;1,40), professores com menos de 60 anos (RP=1,48; IC95%=1,12;1,95), residentes da área urbana (RP=1,15; IC95%=1,02;1,29), insatisfeitos com o trabalho docente (RP=1,60; IC95%=1,41;1,82), com pior padrão alimentar (RP=1,44; IC95%=1,33;1,56), parte do grupo de risco para a COVID-19 (RP=1,18; IC95%=1,10;1,27), com problemas de sono (RP=2,10; IC95%=1,85;2,38), tristes ou regularmente deprimidos (RP=6,29; IC95%=4,08;9,69) e aqueles que apresentaram muito medo da COVID-19 (RP=1,39; IC95%=1,23;1,57). Conclusão: a automedicação esteve associada a características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, condições de saúde e indiferença ou insatisfação com o trabalho, configurando-se como um problema de saúde entre docentes.

Introdução: No processo de educação em saúde para que o indivíduo mude seus hábitos de saúde, é necessário que tenha conhecimentos, apresente crenças de autoeficácia positivas e compartilhe a eficácia coletiva. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e a percepção de autoeficácia e eficácia coletiva de professores sobre o Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Método: Realizou-se estudo transversal no período de dezembro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020. A população do estudo foi composta por 1.491 professores da Educação Básica da rede pública municipal de ensino de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Para a amostra, estimou-se o tamanho mínimo de 511 professores e foi utilizado um questionário on-line para coleta de dados. Quanto a avaliação do conhecimento, percepção de autoeficácia e eficácia coletivados professores sobre o Guia Alimentar, utilizaram-se escalas autoadministradas e previamente validadas. Os dados coletados foram categorizados e processados eletronicamente através do software Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), versão 22.0. Resultados: Na análise do desempenho dos professores quanto ao Guia Alimentar, observou-se que 79,7% (474) dos profissionais apresentaram baixo conhecimento; 70,4% (419), baixa autoeficácia; e 69,1% (411), baixa eficácia coletiva. O alto conhecimento entre os docentes foi associado à maior renda percapita (p= 0,004). A alta autoeficácia foi associada ao maior grau de escolaridade (p= 0,031). A alta autoeficácia coletiva foi associada às variáveis renda (p=0,035) e escolaridade (p=0,004). Conclusão: Os professores do presente estudo demonstraram baixo conhecimento e baixa percepção de autoeficácia e eficácia coletiva sobre o Guia Alimentar.

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate associated factors with sexual dysfunction among middle-aged women. Methods: cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out with climacteric women attended at a Family Health Strategy Unit in the city of Montes Claros, MG. Brazil. The eligible women answered a question form containing sociodemographic, behavioral, anthropometric, gynecological factors and sexuality. The Body Mass Index and waist circumference were used to assess nutritional status and metabolic risk. To evaluate quality of life and sexual performance the Menopause Rating Scale and the Sexual Quotient - Female Version were used, respectively. Bivariate analysis and hierarchical multiple regression were used to identify associated factors with sexual dysfunction in the climacteric period. Results: among 195 women, 29.6% had sexual dysfunction. The prevalence of unsatisfactory sexual performance was higher among women who reported moderate to severe climacteric symptoms (OR=2.47) and lower schooling level was also associated (OR=1.95). However, age at menarche below 12 years (OR=0.43) and non-white (OR=0.36) seem to have a protective effect for good sexual performance. Conclusion: the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was high and the level of schooling and climacteric symptomatology were associated factors with this outcome.

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the consumption of ultra-processed food and its association with body image, physical activity, nutritional status and self-assessment on food of pregnant women enrolled in the Primary Health Care. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study carried out with pregnant women enrolled in the Family Health Strategy in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Data were collected through a questionnaire. The dependent variable was the consumption of ultra-processed food, and the independent ones addressed body appearance, physical activity, nutritional status, self-assessment on food and food consumption. Descriptive analysis was carried out and for association of analysis, the linear regression model was used with crude and adjusted associations. Results: 1,185 pregnant women participated in the study. Caloric intake from ultra-processed food represented 32.0% of these women’s daily diet. There was an association between consumption of ultra-processed food and physical activity (β=-0.08; p

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the agreement between body mass index (BMI) parameters applied to children aged six to ten years in the city of Montes Claros (MG), Brazil with national and international criteria, also calculating their sensitivity and specificity regarding excess weight screening. Methods: A sample comprising 4151 children aged six to ten years was assessed, with height and body mass determined for BMI calculation. The obtained values were classified according to cutoff points established by the World Health Organization (WHO), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Conde & Monteiro, and a recent local proposal. The agreement index between the mentioned criteria was calculated and thereafter the sensitivity and specificity. Results: The local proposal was proven to be highly consistent in most combinations, especially concerning the excess weight criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) (k=0.895). Regarding excess weight, the local proposal presented sensitivity and specificity values of 0.8680 and 0.9956, respectively, indicating high BMI discrimination power. Conclusions: The locally applied BMI parameters for children aged six to ten years represent a valid, highly viable and practical proposal for excess weight screening in this population group, improving professional decision-making in their follow-up.

The COVID-19 pandemic defined a new social dynamic, due to the intensification of feelings of fear, especially the fear of getting infected and of infecting loved ones, which imposed new challenges upon Primary Health Care (PHC) system and the work of the Community Health Agent (CHA) program, highlighting the need for an instrument to assess fear and its impacts on the physical-emotional aspects and on the work reality of these professionals. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a scale for assessing the fear of COVID-19 among CHAs. This methodological study was developed with the CHAs of the northern Minas Gerais health macro-region, from July to October 2020. The elaboration of the items was carried out by the authors based on constructs of feelings of fear and the anxiety and fear assessment scales identified in the literature. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed in order to verify the validity of the constructed instrument. The scale showed satisfactory levels of adjustment in the analyses carried out, demonstrating adequacy of the data for the achievement of construct validity. Two indicators refuted the one-dimensionality of the scale. The elaborated and validated scale will be able to subsidize the definition of strategies directed to the CHA program, in order to guide their work within the community, in addition to acting preventively in the identification of mental health problems in the context of a pandemic.

Abstract Objective: A cross-sectional study that estimated the prevalence of Internet Addiction and associated factors among High School and College students in Montes Claros - Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: Internet Addiction was evaluated through the Internet Addiction Test, and demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, as well as internet usage profile characteristics, were examined. Descriptive analysis and the Poisson regression model were applied. Results: Of the 2,519 participants, 52.3% were considered with Internet Addiction Problems. In High School, the following factors were identified: are women and girls, age over >16, class C, alcohol consumption, impaired sleep, frequent use of social networks, and time spent connected. In Higher Education, the following factors: are women and girls, age over >23, paid activity, class C and D/E, alcohol consumption, impaired sleep, imbalanced diet, frequent use of social networks, and time spent connected. Conclusion: There was an expressive prevalence of Internet Addiction Problems, an outcome associated with the demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and internet use characteristics.

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of perceived stress and verify the associated factors in pregnant women assisted by Family Health teams in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais - Brazil. Methods: epidemiological, cross-sectional, and analytical study, nested in a population-based cohort. Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and physical and mental health conditions were assessed. The stress level was estimated by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted, followed by the Poisson Regression model with robust variance. Results: a total of 1,279 pregnant women participated. The prevalence of high-stress levels was 23.5% (CI95%=20.8%-26.2%). The outcome was more prevalent among pregnant women aged above 35 years (PR=1.38; CI95%=1.09-1.74) and less than or equal to 19 (PR=1.41; CI95%=1.13-1.77); without a partner (PR=1.33; CI95%=1.09-1.62); with low social support (PR=1.42; CI95%=1.18-1.70); multiparous (PR=1.30; CI95%=1.02-1.66); with current unplanned pregnancy (PR=1.23; CI95%=1.00-1.52); urinary tract infection (PR=1.35; CI95%=1.12-1.62); high level of anxiety symptoms (PR=1.42; CI95%=1.18-1.71); severe (PR=4.74; CI95%=3.60-6.26) and moderate (PR=3.19; CI95%=2.31-4.39) symptoms of depression; and neurological complaints (PR=1.77; CI95%=1.27-2.47). Conclusions: there was a significant prevalence of high perceived stress among pregnant women, an outcome associated with sociodemographic, clinical, obstetric, and emotional factors, which demonstrates the need for comprehensive care of pregnant women’s health.

Abstract This study evaluated the construct validity of the instrument Oral Health Literacy among diabetics. A probabilistic random sample of 239 diabetics from an infinite population answered the 10 items of the questionnaire. The structural validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis and goodness of fit, chi-square per degrees of freedom ratio (X2/df), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), and root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA). Internal consistency was estimated by the average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR). The scores were dichotomized with the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval as the cutoff point. The three-dimensional model presented good quality parameters (X2 /df = 2.459; CFI = 0.988; TLI = 0.981) and poor RMSEA (0.078). Internal consistency was adequate; AVE for the Access, Understand/appraise, and Apply subscales were 0.831, 0.981, and 0.954 and the CR for these subscales were 0.893, 0.962, and 0.822, respectively. Inadequate literacy ranged from 41.8 to 48.1%. The three-dimensional model identified (access, understand/appraise, and apply) showed structural validity, good internal consistency, and understandability.

RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo estimar a prevalência da adesão ao isolamento social e verificar os fatores associados, durante a pandemia de Covid-19, entre professores de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata- se de um estudo transversal realizado com uma amostra de 15.641 docentes. Aplicou-se um formulário digital para a coleta dos dados. Foram conduzidas análises descritivas das variáveis, que incluíram adesão ao isolamento social, características sociodemográficas, fatores ocupacionais e condições de saúde au- torrelatadas. Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta e se estimaram Razões de Prevalências (RP) com intervalos de 95% de confiança. A prevalência de adesão ao isolamento social foi estimada em 79,8%, cujos fatores associados foram: sexo feminino; faixa etária igual ou superior a 60 anos; viver com o(a) cônjuge; maior carga horária de trabalho; dificuldades no sono; sentimento de tristeza; além de patologias como hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, obesidade e doenças respiratórias. Evidenciou-se expressiva prevalência de adesão às medidas de isolamento social entre os docentes, e que a adesão está associada a características sociodemográficas, fatores ocupacionais e condições de saúde dos profissionais da educação.

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência e analisar os fatores associados à ideação suicida em estudantes de ensino médio e superior. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, analítico, realizado em Montes Claros, MG, Brasil. Para a coleta de dados, aplicou-se um questionário contendo questões relativas às características sociodemográficas, escolares, ocupacionais e de estilo de vida, e às condições socioafetivas e psíquicas. Investigou-se a ideação suicida por meio de um item do Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Na análise de dados, efetuou-se estatística descritiva das variáveis e a Regressão Logística hierarquizada para avaliar os fatores associados à ideação suicida. Resultados Constatou-se prevalência de ideação suicida de 11,6% entre estudantes do ensino médio e de 9,8% no ensino superior. No ensino médio, os fatores associados foram: sexo feminino (RO: 2,14; IC 95%: 1,39-3,27), uso de drogas (RO: 3,25; IC 95%: 1,40-7,52), consumo de álcool (RO: 2,50; IC 95%: 1,54-4,04), sentimento de raiva e hostilidade (RO: 1,73; IC 95%: 1,05-2,87) e síndrome de burnout (RO: 2,27; IC 95%: 1,31-3,95). No ensino superior, identificaram-se os fatores: ausência de companheiro (RO: 2,19; IC 95%: 1,68-4,14), turno de estudo noturno (RO: 0,51; IC 95%: 0,36-0,72), consumo de tabaco (RO: 1,74; IC 95%: 1,05-2,91), ausência de pensamento otimista (RO: 2,66; IC 95%: 1,75-4,03), adicção em internet (RO: 1,64; IC 95%: 1,08-2,50) e alto hábito de checagem corporal (RO: 1,69; IC 95%: 1,15-2,50). Sono prejudicado (RO: 1,62; IC 95%: 1,02-2,59; RO: 1,62; IC 95%: 1,05-2,51), interação dialogada prejudicada (RO: 3,04; IC 95%: 1,93-4,82; RO: 2,66; IC 95%: 1,81-3,92), sentimento de desapontamento e tensão (RO: 4,80; IC 95%: 2,97-7,77; RO: 4,02; IC 95%: 2,69-6,02) foram fatores associados nos dois grupos, respectivamente. Conclusão Houve importante prevalência de ideação suicida, associada a fatores sociodemográficos, do estilo de vida, socioafetivos e psíquicos.

Abstract The Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale has been widely applied in research on the subject. There are no known studies that have validated a shortened version of this instrument in Brazil. This study aimed to propose a shortened version of the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale and examine its evidence of validity and reliability. This methodological study was carried out on a sample of 937 pregnant women in the Primary Health Care of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais - Brazil. Construct validity and reliability were measured. A trifactor version with 15 items was obtained, which presented satisfactory adjustment indexes. Convergent and discriminant validities were close to the recommended ones. The scale differentiated attachment scores according to different sample characteristics. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.878) and composite reliability (> 0.70) were appropriate. The abbreviated Brazilian version of the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale presented satisfactory psychometric attributes for application to pregnant women in Primary Health Care.

Objetivo: verificar associação entre consumo de álcool com perfil sociodemográfico e alimentação inadequada entre adolescentes escolares. Materiais e métodos: estudo epidemiológico com delineamento transversal, realizado com estudantes de ensino médio. A amostra foi do tipo probabilí­stica por conglomerados. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se questionário autoaplicável. A variável dependente foi o consumo de álcool. Foi conduzida Regressão Logí­stica Binária, adotando ní­vel de significância de 5% e as análises foram corrigidas pelo efeito do desenho. Resultados: participaram do estudo 2.040 adolescentes distribuí­dos em 21 escolas, deles 54,4% (1103) eram do sexo feminino, com quase 60% (1198) dos adolescentes com idade entre 16 a 17 anos. O uso de álcool pelos adolescentes foi referente a 39,1% (774), sendo esse consumo maior entre os meninos (40,3%), quando comparado com as meninas (36,2%). Houve maior probabilidade de consumo de álcool entre os adolescentes que apresentaram maior escolaridade (OR=1.358) e que consumiam refrigerante frequentemente (OR=1.580). Conclusão: neste estudo, o consumo de álcool foi associado com o perfil sociodemográfico e a alimentação inadequada dos adolescentes escolares.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the working and health conditions of physical education teachers in public basic education in the state of Minas Gerais - Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional study, carried out from August to September 2020, via digital form and had the support of the Minas Gerais State Department of Education. The instrument presented variables related to the sociodemographic profile, work and health conditions during the pandemic. The prevalences of the variables were presented. 1,016 physical education teachers participated in the study. Of these, 61.4% were female, 65.8% aged 21 to 40 years and 15.3% worked in the countryside. In relation to working conditions during the pandemic, 99% performed remote activities, 35.7% were dissatisfied with their work, 37% worked much more than they used to and 81.2% presented the interest of students/parents in classes as a difficulty. As for health conditions during the pandemic, 10.3% increased their consumption of alcoholic beverages, 26.1% did not practice physical exercise, 56.5% had increased body weight and 37.8% reported a lot of fear of COVID-19. Physical education teachers of basic education in the state of Minas Gerais were significantly affected by the pandemic, so it is important to implement support strategies.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre o transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) e as coocorrências de transtornos psiquiátricos entre familiares de crianças/adolescentes do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de caso-controle constituído por 248 indivíduos com o TEA (casos) e 886 neurotípicos (controles). Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado e adotou-se o modelo de regressão logística múltipla na análise dos dados. Para estimar a magnitude das associações, utilizou-se a razão de chances (odds ratio – OR) bruta e ajustada. Resultados: Observou-se associação positiva e significativa entre o TEA e a presença de familiares com: qualquer transtorno psiquiátrico (OR: 3,68; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 2,68-5,05), com TEA (OR: 3,37; IC95%: 2,09-5,43), com transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) (OR: 2,19; IC95%: 1,41-3,39) e com epilepsia (OR: 1,91; IC95%: 1,20-2,98). Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que crianças/adolescentes com TEA têm maior chance de ter história familiar de desordens psiquiátricas, especialmente TEA, TDAH e epilepsia. Esses achados podem ter importantes implicações tanto para a Psiquiatria Clínica quanto para a Saúde Pública, uma vez que podem ser usados para formar um perfil clínico de pessoas com transtorno psiquiátrico que correm risco de ter familiar com TEA.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a validade, confiabilidade e interpretabilidade de instrumento reduzido para avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde entre pessoas com diabetes mellitus. Métodos Estudo de validação, composto pelas fases de adaptação do instrumento Diabetes-39 (constituído por 5 dimensões e 39 itens), pré-teste, análises de validade estrutural (exploratória e confirmatória), confiabilidade, validade concorrente e interpretabilidade. Resultados A estrutura fatorial da versão final reduzida diferiu do instrumento original. Foram reduzidos os itens, de 39 para 21, e as dimensões, de 5 para 4. As cargas fatoriais, nas análises exploratória e confirmatória, variaram entre 0,41 e 0,90 e entre 0,51 e 0,89, respectivamente. A confiabilidade apresentou-se adequada (alfa de Cronbach=0,91; Kappa≥0,60 em todos os itens; coeficiente de correlação intraclasse=0,91). Conclusão O instrumento reduzido Diabetes-21 foi considerado válido, confiável e interpretável para avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde entre pessoas com diabetes mellitus.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo de álcool entre os professores da rede pública estadual do ensino básico antes e durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e os fatores associados aos que aumentaram o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas durante a pandemia. Métodos: Inquérito epidemiológico do tipo websurvey , realizado com professores da educação básica das escolas da rede pública estadual de Minas Gerais. A coleta ocorreu de agosto a setembro/2020 via formulário digital e contou com o apoio da Secretaria de Estado de Educação. A variável dependente adotada foi o aumento no consumo de bebidas alcoólicas pelos professores durante a pandemia. Foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson, adotando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 15.641 professores de 795 municípios mineiros. Em relação ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, antes da pandemia, 46,9% dos professores consumiam pelo menos uma vez por semana e durante a pandemia 7,1% relataram que estavam bebendo mais do que costumavam. Observou-se maior consumo de bebida alcoólica durante a pandemia entre os homens, com menor faixa etária, com maior renda familiar, os que tiveram muita dificuldade em realizar as atividades escolares, os insatisfeitos com o trabalho, os que começaram a ter problemas de sono e naqueles com algum familiar/amigo que desenvolveu sintomas graves da COVID-19. Conclusões: Os resultados evidenciaram que a maioria dos participantes manteve o seu consumo ou o diminuiu durante a pandemia, com 7,1% aumentando o uso de álcool. Esse aumento foi associado a fatores sociodemográficos e econômicos, condições de trabalho durante a pandemia, comportamentos/hábitos de vida e condições de saúde.

Abstract Background Tooth loss represents a known marker of health inequality. The association between tooth loss and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions is evident when analyzed at an individual level. However, the effects of contextual characteristics on tooth loss need to be better investigated and understood. The objective of this study was to analyze tooth loss among Brazilian adults (35–44 years of age), in accordance with individual and contextual social characteristics. Methods This was a multilevel cross-sectional study with data from 9564 adult participants from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey - SBBrasil 2010. The dependent variable was the number of lost teeth and the independent variables were grouped into structural (socioeconomic & political context) and intermediary (socioeconomic position, behavioral & biological factors, and health services) determinants. Multilevel Hierarchical Negative Binomial Regression was conducted and the Mean Ratio (MR) was estimated. Results Brazilian adults lost a mean of 7.57 (95% CI 7.1–8.1) teeth. Among the contextual variables, the number of teeth lost was higher among residents of municipalities with high and medium/low Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) and in municipalities that did not have public water fluoridation. Among the individual variables, dental loss was higher among those who declared themselves yellow/black/brown/indigenous, were older, who had lower income, who had never visited a dentist, who had used dental services for more than a year and those whose most recent visit to the dentist was due to oral health problems. On the other hand, dental loss was lower among adults with higher education levels and males. Conclusions The number of missing teeth was associated with unfavorable contextual and individual conditions, which reinforces the need to reduce social inequality and guarantee regular, lifetime access to dental services.

The aim of the study was to verify the prevalence and factors associated with active transport to work among public basic education teachers in the state of Minas Gerais. An epidemiological survey of the websurvey type was carried out with teachers from the state public system of basic education in Minas Gerais and collection took place from August to September 2020 via digital form. The dependent variable was active transport to work and the crude and adjusted Poisson Regression was used. 15,641 teachers participated in the study. Of these, 26.1% were actively commuting to work. There was a higher prevalence among women (PR=1.08; 95%CI 1.01; 1.17), those aged 41 to 59 years (PR=1.20; 95%CI 1.12;1.28), from the urban area (PR=1.51; 95%CI 1.37;1.66), with lower family income (PR=1.75; 95%CI 1.48;1.93), those with working time greater than 20 years old (PR=1.27; 95%CI 1.19;1.35), who work in teaching for up to 39 hours per week (PR=1.15; 95%CI 1.06;1.25), with eutrophic weight (PR=1.09; 95%CI 1.02;1.17) and those who practiced physical activity 5 times or more a week (PR=1.25; 95%CI 1.15;1.36). The results showed that there is a significant prevalence of teachers who do not carry out active transport to work. The highest prevalence of active transport to work was significantly associated with several variables, among which the census area and family income stand out. Incentives are needed to promote active transportation among teachers.

Resumo Objetivos: identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à síndrome de burnout (SB) entre docentes da educação básica de escolas públicas de um município de médio porte. Métodos: estudo transversal analítico realizado em Minas Gerais, em 2016. Coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos e ocupacionais e aplicou-se o Cuestionário para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo para avaliar a SB. A amostra (n = 745) foi probabilística por conglomerados em único estágio. Utilizou-se análise hierarquizada com regressão de Poisson. Resultados: a prevalência geral da SB foi de 13,8% (IC95%: 11,3-16,3%), com 9,0% apresentando o Perfil 1 (SB sem níveis altos de sentimento de culpa) e 4,8% o Perfil 2 (SB grave). As dimensões mais prevalentes foram “desgaste psíquico” (39,4%) e “ilusão pelo trabalho” (19,7%). A prevalência de SB foi maior entre os docentes mais jovens (RP = 1,82), sem filhos (RP = 1,45), concursados/efetivos (RP = 1,88), insatisfeitos no trabalho (RP = 3,16), com desejo de mudar de profissão (RP = 2,94) e com falta de apoio da direção escolar (RP = 2,38). Conclusão: há urgência na criação de políticas públicas de suporte aos docentes, pois os identificados com sintomas da síndrome estão em exercício funcional, o que agrava seu quadro de saúde e, por conseguinte, compromete os diversos processos da área educacional.

Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão traduzida para o português do Internet Addiction Test (IAT) em estudantes. Estudo metodológico, cuja população foi constituída por estudantes dos ensinos Médio e Superior de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliadas sensibilidade psicométrica, validade de construto (fatorial, convergente, discriminante e teste de hipótese), validade de critério (concorrente) e confiabilidade (consistência interna e reprodutibilidade). Participaram 2.519 estudantes, sendo 29,6% do Ensino Médio. Foi ajustado um modelo de medida trifatorial - “preocupação emocional e cognitiva com a Internet”, “problemas de gerenciamento de tempo” e “problemas de desempenho” -, o qual obteve índices satisfatórios de adequação e estrutura estável nas subamostras independentes. A validade convergente foi próxima ao recomendado (variância extraída média = 0,32, 0,41 e 0,45 e valores de confiabilidade composta iguais 0,84, 0,81 e 0,71); as validades discriminante e concorrente foram adequadas. Foram igualmente adequadas a consistência interna (alfa = 0,906) e a reprodutibilidade (kappa = 0,73 e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse = 0,90). A versão traduzida para o português do IAT apresentou níveis satisfatórios de validade, confiabilidade e estabilidade em amostras independentes de estudantes.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do questionário WHOQOL-HIV Bref em pessoas com HIV/AIDS. Método: O instrumento foi aplicado a 226 pessoas com HIV/AIDS do Norte de Minas Gerais. As propriedades psicométricas foram avaliadas pela validade de construto, análise da confiabilidade e validade de critério. Resultados: O modelo com seis domínios apresentou ajustamento aceitável (χ2/gl= 1,77, p

Objetivo: verificar a autoimagem e satisfação corporal entre adolescentes escolares. Material e métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, realizado com 2050 escolares da Educação Básica distribuídos em 21 escolas da rede estadual de ensino. A amostra foi do tipo probabilística por conglomerados. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário autoaplicável com variáveis sociodemográficas, autoimagem e satisfação corporal. A comparação entre os gêneros foi conduzida por meio do teste estatístico Qui-quadrado, assumindo um nível de significância de p

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the interrelationships between sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical factors associated with high blood pressure in a population of Brazilian adults. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional population-based study conducted with adults were used. In the hypothetical model developed socioeconomic status, fruit and vegetable intake, adiposity and blood pressure were treated as latent variables and age, gender, glycemia, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and control of arterial hypertension were considered observed variables. Confirmatory factorial analysis was used to construct the latent variables measurement models and the structural equation modeling was used to adjust the final model. RESULTS The study included 808 individuals, with mean age of 44.2 years (± 17.8), 52.7% being female. It verified that age exerted a positive direct effect on blood pressure (β = 0.39), adiposity (β = 0.44), glycemia (β = 0.26) and smoking (β = 0.30). Age had a negative direct effect on physical activity (β=-0.17) and alcohol consumption (β = -0.10). Males were positively associated with blood pressure (β = 0.13), smoking (β = 0.28; p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (β = 0.18). Adiposity had a positive direct effect on blood pressure (β = 0.23) and glycemia (β = 0.16) and alcohol consumption produced a positive effect (β = 0.09) on adiposity. Fruit and vegetable intake had a negative direct effect on blood pressure (β = -0.11), while socioeconomic status had a positive direct effect on fruit and vegetable consumption (β = 0.47). We adjusted the structural model according to the variable medical control of arterial hypertension, which had a negative direct effect on blood pressure (β = -0.10). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that increasing age is associated with increased blood pressure, adiposity, glycemia and smoking, as well as with reduced physical activity and alcohol consumption. Males were associated with increased blood pressure and greater use of alcohol and cigarettes. Higher adiposity indicators were correlated with increased blood pressure and glycemic levels; higher alcohol consumption was associated with increased adiposity. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as active control of hypertension were associated with reduced blood pressure. Better socioeconomic status was associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine new body mass index (BMI) reference values to classify the nutritional status of children aged six to ten years old from the city of Montes Claros (state of Minas Gerais), Southeast Brazil. Methods: The sample consisted of 3,863 individuals from both genders. Body mass and height were measured to determine the BMI. We adopted the Lambda, Mu, and Sigma (LMS) method to obtain the cut-off points. After that, each stratum curve was smoothed using quartic polynomials by gender. Average interpolation was used to determine the biannual distribution values. We calculated the 3rd, 85th, and 95th centiles to classify underweight, overweight, and obesity, respectively, according to gender and age. Results: After tabulating the LMS parameters at biannual intervals by gender, we plotted a graphic with seven centiles of BMI distribution and calculated the new BMI parameters for children aged 6-10 years old from the city of Montes Claros. The cut-off values for underweight, overweight, and obesity classification were, respectively, 17.5, 25 and 30 kg/m2. Conclusions: For the studied children, the use of traditional BMI references may result in the overestimation of underweight and underestimation of overweight and obesity. Studies should be carried out with periodic updates, respecting the characteristics of each location in order to use BMI reference values to classify the nutritional status of children and adolescents.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents enrolled in the state public education system of the city of Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais, and compare to a Brazilian population-based study. Method: This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, and analytical study with a population of 77,833 students from 63 schools, representing four geographic areas of the city. After a sample calculation, information on 635 adolescents from 10 to 16 years of age was assessed and blood collection was conducted for the analysis of biochemical parameters of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, and HDL-c. Results: Among the adolescents, 26.8% showed high levels of total cholesterol, 15.7% of triglycerides, and 6.5% of LDL-c, and 40.8% had low HDL-c levels. Conclusion: Except for HDL-c levels, dyslipidemia prevalence and means in adolescents from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, were above the levels found in the Brazilian population-based study used as parameter.

Abstract Considering the importance of health risk behaviors (HRB) and the need for reliable instruments to evaluate them, this study was designed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the items of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) in a sample of 902 college students. Convergent validity, criterion, internal consistency, and temporal stability were evaluated. Higher correlations were observed between use of other drugs and use of marijuana (ρ = 0.537), and alcohol consumption and tobacco use (ρ = 0.418). Criterion validity was observed, with significant differences between domain scores according to gender. Adequate internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.770 for overall scale. Most of the domains (82%) showed intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.75 and 64.1% of the items showed kappa ≥ 0.60. The instrument seems to have indicators of criterion validity, internal consistency and temporal stability with satisfactory levels. We recommend that HRB assessment using YRBS should be performed separately on each domain.

Resumo Introdução Os exames integram o sistema de saúde e contribuem para o avanço da assistência. A sua solicitação pelos médicos deve ser realizada adequadamente, podendo ser influenciada por diferentes aspectos. Objetivo Desenvolver e validar um instrumento de avaliação de aspectos que influenciam a solicitação de exames. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico que passou pelas seguintes etapas: 1) identificação dos aspectos que influenciam a solicitação de exames na prática médica; 2) verificação da validade aparente e validade de conteúdo; 3) verificação da validade de construto; 4) análise da confiabilidade; 5) verificação da validade discriminante, aplicada a 158 médicos de família e emergencistas no norte de Minas Gerais. Resultados O instrumento permaneceu com 36 itens, psicometricamente válidos, agrupados em cinco dimensões: particularidade pessoal do médico; estrutura e processos do sistema de saúde; características do paciente; preparo profissional; e dificuldade para a realização do exame. O instrumento apresentou validade aparente, validade de conteúdo, validade de construto, nível satisfatório de confiabilidade e validade discriminante. Conclusão O instrumento de avaliação dos aspectos que influenciam a solicitação de exames na prática médica tem a possibilidade de identificar a influência particular de cada aspecto e de cada dimensão que interfere na prática de solicitação de exames.

ABSTRACT A prospective cohort study with rigorous searching for schistosomiasis cases was conducted among residents of Pedra Preta, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, seven years after an intervention. Kato-Katz (KK), Saline Gradient, Miracidia Hatch and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were used as the diagnostic methods in 2008. In the period of 2013-2016, 175 patients remaining in the area were examined using the diagnostic methods Kato-Katz (24 slides, 1 g of feces) and Saline Gradient (2 procedures, 1 g of feces). Sixty-eight out of the 69 infected and treated individuals in 2008 tested negative. The percentage of new cases was 2.29% (4/175), and the 4 infected individuals presented low parasitic load [1, 6, 7 and 19 eggs per gram (EPG)]. All the participants answered epidemiological questionnaires on risky behavior. All residences had pit latrines and domiciliary water supply. The primary transmission focus (lake) was dry for several months. Malacological surveys showed a few non-infected specimens of Biomphalaria glabrata . A clear dominance of Biomphalaria straminea was observed. It can be inferred that a significant decrease in the disease transmission occurred after a single action through an intense search for infected and treated cases under the ecoepidemiological conditions of this area.

Esse estudo enfoca a parte qualitativa de uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, cujo objetivo é o de conhecer a trajetória profissional de algumas mulheres médicas da cidade de Montes Claros (MG). Foram entrevistadas quatro médicas com mais de trinta anos de formadas e que atuaram na cidade. Optou-se pela análise de narrativas, sendo a entrevista o instrumento de pesquisa. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros – Unimontes, parecer no 1.501.700/2016. Constatou-se que além do pioneirismo que abriu espaço para as mulheres na profissão médica, as entrevistadas deram importantes contribuições profissionais para a sociedade montesclarense. Porém, por adentrarem em um campo profissional hegemonicamente masculino, enfrentaram questões relativas ao sexismo vigente na sociedade e que era reproduzido na cultura médica. Isso fez com que tivessem que superar vários desafios como a luta pela entrada e permanência na medicina; o enfrentamento da discriminação de classe social e étnico-racial; seus esforços para comprovar a competência profissional e para superar as dificuldades de conciliação entre a vida pessoal e o desempenho profissional. Tais achados apontam para a necessidade de as instituições médicas, de ensino e de formação, promoverem o desenvolvimento de uma cultura médica com equidade de gênero e étnico-racial.

Resumo Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de comportamentos de risco à saúde (CRS) e identificar os fatores associados. Métodos Estudo transversal com amostra aleatória de 902 acadêmicos de uma universidade pública no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. As variáveis analisadas foram: características sociodemográficas, acadêmicas e comportamentos de risco. Utilizou-se a Razão de Prevalência bruta e ajustada, estimadas pelo modelo de regressão de Poisson. Resultados Os CRS mais prevalentes foram: baixo consumo de frutas e verduras (98,1%), não realização de exercício aeróbio (71,2%) e uso irregular de preservativo (63,1%). As associações significativas foram: gênero masculino com consumo abusivo de bebida alcoólica (RP=1,53), drogas ilícitas (RP=2,41) e envolvimento em brigas (RP=2,12); idade até 21 anos com envolvimento em brigas (RP=2,77); estado civil com companheiro com envolvimento em brigas (RP=3,03) e uso irregular de preservativo (RP=1,59); estudantes de outras áreas de graduação com não realização de exercício aeróbio (RP=1,26); classe econômica A ou B com drogas ilícitas (RP=1,92). Conclusão Observaram-se variações nas prevalências dos CRS, com destaque para baixo consumo de frutas e verduras, e tabagismo. Os CRS mostraram-se positivamente associados ao gênero masculino, idade até 21 anos, classe econômica A ou B, estado civil com companheiro e estudantes de outras áreas de graduação.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the periodontal condition of adolescents and identify its potential determinants. Methods: This is a cross-sectional population-based study (n=763) conducted in a city in Northern Minas Gerais. Multistage probability cluster sampling method was used. Trained and calibrated professionals carried out the intraoral examinations and the interviews at the participants’ homes. Logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with the periodontal condition. Results: It was found that around 30% of the adolescents presented periodontal changes, being gingival bleeding (14.1%) and dental calculus (14.0%) the most prevalent impairments. Periodontal changes were associated in adolescents who did not attend school (OR=1,9; p=0.031), attended public schools (OR=2,0; p=0.005), never went to the dentist (OR=1,7; p=0,047), used public/philanthropic services (OR=1,7; p=0,002), smoked (OR=1,6; p=0,003), consumed alcohol (OR=1,6; p=0,016) and self-perceived their oral health as too bad/bad (OR=2,4; p=0,032) and regular (OR=1,5; p=0,023). Conclusion: About one-third of adolescents have periodontal changes, which were associated with the type of school and type of dental service they attend, smoking, alcohol consumption and self-perception of oral health.

Resumo Introdução Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os resultados de uma capacitação oferecida aos membros de uma equipe de acolhimento de pais cujo filho(a) teve diagnóstico de transtorno de espectro do autismo (TEA). Métodos Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. Foi oferecida uma capacitação aos membros da equipe responsável pelo acolhimento da Associação Norte Mineira de apoio ao Autista (ANDA), compreendendo três módulos. Além disso, um questionário foi aplicado aos participantes antes e após a capacitação. Resultados Observou-se a mudança de percepção na assertiva que avaliava a necessidade de se compreender a importância do acolhimento de pais de crianças com TEA. Verificou-se que, antes da capacitação, os participantes apresentavam um envolvimento emocional com o trabalho a ser desenvolvido no acolhimento; após a capacitação, eles deram ênfase à importância de orientar os pais na busca por profissionais qualificados e à importância do acompanhamento da criança por uma equipe multiprofissional. A escuta também foi referida antes e após a capacitação. Conclusão A capacitação promoveu uma sensibilização dos participantes quanto à necessidade de se desenvolverem nos aspectos cognitivo, psicomotor e atitudinal para o acolhimento dos pais. São necessárias outras capacitações para garantir maior sensibilização, bem como intensificar a melhoria das competências adquiridas.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Identificar e descrever casos de sífilis congênita e materna notificados e não notificados em uma cidade brasileira de médio porte. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo e retrospectivo que avaliou 214 prontuários de gestantes e recém-nascidos (RNs). Iniciou-se com identificação das fichas de notificação epidemiológica, seguida de busca ativa nas maternidades, avaliando-se todos os prontuários que apresentavam sorologia não treponêmica positiva e prontuários do serviço de referência em infectologia, na cidade de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, no período de 2007 a 2013. As definições de casos seguiram as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde (MS) no Brasil e as variáveis foram descritas utilizando-se frequências absoluta e relativa. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros). Resultados: De 214 prontuários avaliados, foram identificados 93 casos de sífilis materna e 54 casos de sífilis congênita. As gestantes analisadas foram, predominantemente, de cor parda, apresentando ensino médio/superior, com faixa etária entre 21 e 30 anos e estado civil solteira. Considerando acompanhamento pré-natal das gestantes com sífilis, observou-se predomínio do diagnóstico tardio, após o parto ou a curetagem; a totalidade dos respectivos tratamentos foi considerada inadequada, segundo o MS. Dos RNs de gestantes com sífilis, a maioria não foi referenciada para acompanhamento pediátrico. Apenas 6,5% dos casos de sífilis em gestantes foram notificados; em relação à forma congênita, esse valor foi de 24,1%. Conclusão: Persistindo a transmissão vertical, verificam-se sinais de que a qualidade da atenção pré-natal e neonatal deve ser reestruturada.

O transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) tem se tornado um problema de saúde pública, com grande impacto familiar, social e econômico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a associação entre o TEA e a idade dos genitores no momento do parto. Realizou-se um estudo de caso-controle constituído por 243 indivíduos com o TEA (casos) e 886 neurotípicos (controles). Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado e realizada a regressão logística múltipla. Associações entre o TEA e as idades paterna (em anos) entre 25 e 34 (OR = 1,65; IC95%: 1,01-2,71), 35 e 44 (OR = 1,62; IC95%: 0,96-2,73) e ≥ 45 (OR = 2,44; IC95%: 1,14-5,00); e materna entre 25 e 34 (OR = 2,38; IC95%: 1,54-3,37) e ≥ 35 (OR = 2,09; IC95%: 1,29-3,39) foram significativas quando avaliadas em modelos independentes. Porém, quando incluídas em um mesmo modelo apenas as idades maternas entre 25 e 34 (OR = 2,27; IC95%: 1,45-3,55) e ≥ 35 (OR = 2,15; IC95%: 1,21-3,83) se mantiveram associadas. A magnitude da associação foi maior quando ambos os genitores apresentavam idades avançadas (OR = 4,87; IC95%: 1,71-13,80). Os resultados encontrados podem ter importantes implicações para a psiquiatria clínica e a saúde pública, pois a idade dos genitores, no momento do parto, tem aumentado. Deve-se enfatizar a prevenção da idade reprodutiva tardia e o rastreamento e o acompanhamento das crianças geradas por estes casais.

Objetivo: O estudo objetivou investigar a prevalência da síndrome de Burnout em médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Montes Claros, MG, e sua associação com estresse no trabalho, desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa e qualidade de vida. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa epidemiológica, quantitativa, telematizada, analítica e transversal. O questionário autoaplicável Maslach Burnout Inventory foi aplicado a 89 médicos para diagnóstico da síndrome. Os médicos também proveram dados sociodemográficos e preencheram os instrumentos Job Stress Scale, Escala Desequilíbrio-Esforço-Recompensa e WHOQOL-BREF para identificação de condições de trabalho. As variáveis categóricas foram analisadas por distribuição de frequências. A associação entre variáveis de fatores de risco e presença de síndrome de Burnout foi realizada pelo teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Houve 100% de prevalência da síndrome de Burnout moderada nos médicos avaliados. Os escores das dimensões Exaustão e Despersonalização, constituintes do instrumento avaliativo da síndrome de Burnout, tiveram correlação positiva com alta demanda psicológica e profissional, alto desgaste e esforço, comprometimento excessivo ao trabalho e desbalanço na razão esforço-recompensa. Eles também se relacionaram a atributos de qualidade de vida, tais quais má condição física, social e ambiental. Conclusão: Medidas preventivas e interventivas devem ser tomadas para a diminuição do estresse laboral dos médicos avaliados, assim reduzindo a ocorrência da síndrome de Burnout.

Introdução: O comprometimento da funcionalidade do idoso traz consequências prejudiciais relacionadas à família, comunidade e ao próprio sistema de saúde. Objetivo: Estimar a ocorrência da qualidade de vida (QV) ruim entre idosos, além de verificar sua associação com incapacidade funcional, características pessoais, comportamentos de saúde e condições subjetivas de saúde bucal. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico avaliou 361 idosos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, cadastrados nas três Estratégias de Saúde da Família no município de Ibiaí-MG. A QV foi medida pelo WHOQOL-bref e as variáveis independentes foram características pessoais, comportamentos de saúde, condições subjetivas de saúde bucal e incapacidade funcional. Foram feitas regressões logísticas para estimativa dos modelos múltiplos e o modelo final foi ajustado, mantendo-se as variáveis associadas com p

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of patients with diabetes mellitus in Primary Health Care and associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional, quantitative and analytical study with 353 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Family Health Strategy units. The Knowledge and Psychological Attitudes Questionnaires were used for data collection, as well as a script with sociodemographic, economic and clinical data. Results: The majority of the population was female (73.1%), aged more than 50 years (81.5%), diagnosed for more than five years (54.9%) and with a per capita income of up to half a minimum wage (59.3%). The scores of knowledge and attitude were low. Age (p = 0.001) and level of education (p = 0.002) were variables associated with knowledge about diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Users had a low level of knowledge about diabetes, indicating an unsatisfactory result in self-care and mainly a negative attitude towards coping with this disease.

RESUMOObjetivo:avaliar produção científica, patentes e formação de recursos humanos de pesquisadores da enfermagem com bolsas de produtividade em pesquisa (PQ) no CNPq na série histórica 2000-2012; verificar a associação entre esta produção e características dos pesquisadores quanto a sexo, formação e origem.Método:estudo transversal analítico cujo critério de inclusão foi ser pesquisador PQ/CNPq da enfermagem no período em questão. Foram analisados curriculum lattes de 208 pesquisadores com bolsas entre 2000-2012. Para as análises estatísticas utilizou-se o programa SPSS®.Resultados:o estudo aponta predominância do sexo feminino, concentração na região Sudeste e existência de associação entre produção científica, patentes e formação de recursos humanos e a formação, sexo e origem do pesquisador.Conclusão:o estudo revela uma expressiva participação dos pesquisadores PQ/CNPq da enfermagem na produção científica e na formação de recursos humanos e tímida participação na produção de patentes.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of impact of oral health conditions on physical and psychosocial dimensions among adolescents and to identify factors associated with severity of impact. The impact of oral health status was assessed by the instrument Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). The covariates were: socioeconomic status, habits and health care, use of dental services, and normative conditions of oral health. Structural equation modeling was performed, and 15.6% of adolescents reported impact in at least one dimension of the OHIP-14. The dimensions that showed the highest prevalence of impact were psychological distress (11.8%) and physical pain (6.6%). The number of teeth needing dental treatment, number of filled teeth, and CPI significantly affected severity of impact. In this adolescent population, unfavorable socioeconomic conditions were associated with reduced use of dental services, associated in turn with precarious oral health conditions and increased severity of impact.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the dietary patterns of adolescents attending public municipal schools in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to test the association between these patterns and socioeconomic variables and nutritional status of the adolescents. METHODS: this was an analytical, cross-sectional study with randomized sample of 474 adolescents of both genders, between 11 and 17 years of age, attending municipal public schools in the urban area of Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. The parents provided demographic and economic data. The nutritional status (body mass index - BMI) of the adolescents was determined at school, and their dietary habits were assessed though the administration of the Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents (FFQA). Based on 26 categories extracted from FFQA, dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and associated to anthropometric and socioeconomic factors using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: the three dietary patterns identified, "junk food," "healthy," and "traditional", explained 23.26%, 6.90%, and 5.24% of data variability, respectively. Adolescents with per capita family income exceeding half a minimum wage were more likely to consume the "junk food" pattern (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.07-2.56), and overweight adolescents had lower chances of eating the "healthy" food pattern (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35-0.91). CONCLUSIONS: deviations from the "healthy" patterns were not associated to low income, but rather to bad eating habits in the studied population. Overweight adolescents did not adhere to the "healthy" dietary pattern, emphasizing the need for nutritional education among them.

The objective of this study was to compare the quality of life of women who survived breast cancer and women who have not had the disease, and to identify associated factors. It is cross-sectional study in which the comparison group includes survivors of breast cancer aged between 40 and 69 years. One hundred and fifty-four women were included, 70 with breast cancer and 84 without the disease. The SF-36 was used to evaluate quality of life. The chi-square test and multivariate linear models were used to compare the groups. The estimated mean physical and mental components were significantly better for the group who survived the disease (51.10 and 52.25, respectively) compared to the group without cancer (47.26 and 47.93, respectively). The study indicates that survivors of breast cancer had a better quality of life compared to women without the disease.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify the factors associated with severity of malocclusion in a population of adolescents. METHODS In this cross-sectional population-based study, the sample size (n = 761) was calculated considering a prevalence of malocclusion of 50.0%, with a 95% confidence level and a 5.0% precision level. The study adopted correction for the effect of delineation (deff = 2), and a 20.0% increase to offset losses and refusals. Multistage probability cluster sampling was adopted. Trained and calibrated professionals performed the intraoral examinations and interviews in households. The dependent variable (severity of malocclusion) was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The independent variables were grouped into five blocks: demographic characteristics, socioeconomic condition, use of dental services, health-related behavior and oral health subjective conditions. The ordinal logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with severity of malocclusion. RESULTS We interviewed and examined 736 adolescents (91.5% response rate), 69.9% of whom showed no abnormalities or slight malocclusion. Defined malocclusion was observed in 17.8% of the adolescents, being severe or very severe in 12.6%, with pressing or essential need of orthodontic treatment. The probabilities of greater severity of malocclusion were higher among adolescents who self-reported as black, indigenous, pardo or yellow, with lower per capita income, having harmful oral habits, negative perception of their appearance and perception of social relationship affected by oral health. CONCLUSIONS Severe or very severe malocclusion was more prevalent among socially disadvantaged adolescents, with reported harmful habits and perception of compromised esthetics and social relationships. Given that malocclusion can interfere with the self-esteem of adolescents, it is essential to improve public policy for the inclusion of orthodontic treatment among health care provided to this segment of the population, particularly among those of lower socioeconomic status.

OBJETIVOS: Descrever as principais características de pacientes com câncer de mama admitidas em dois serviços de referência para o tratamento desse tipo de câncer no norte de Minas Gerais, incluindo estágio da doença ao diagnóstico e local de tratamento. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal e descritivo, avaliando 288 prontuários de pacientes do gênero feminino com câncer de mama, admitidas entre janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2009, oriundas de um serviço público e de um privado. As variáveis analisadas foram submetidas a tratamento estatístico por meio dos testes qui-quadrado e regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que 68,1% da população analisada procediam do serviço público. Predominaram pacientes com mais de 50 anos (54,5%), casadas (59%) e com filhos (87,8%). Dentre a população estudada, a média de idade foi de 63 anos, sendo que em 42,7% dos casos prevaleceu o intervalo de tempo acima de 6 meses entre a suspeita clínica e a confirmação diagnóstica. Em 47,6% das mulheres o diagnóstico foi tardio (estágios III e IV). 20,1% tinham histórico familiar de câncer de mama; 20,8% faziam autoexame das mamas e 41% faziam mamografia. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se maior prevalência de pacientes nos estágios III e IV no serviço público quando comparado ao privado. O tempo prolongado entre a suspeita clínica e a confirmação diagnóstica, a ausência de história familiar de câncer de mama e a não realização de mamografia de rastreamento são observados, neste estudo, como os principais fatores associados ao diagnóstico tardio.OBJECTIVE: To describe the main characteristics, including stage of disease and local treatment of patients admitted to two reference services for the treatment of breast cancer in the North of Minas Gerais. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. We evaluated medical records of 288 female patients with breast cancer admitted between January 2006 and December 2009, referred from a public hospital and a private clinic. Variables were analyzed using the chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: 68.1% of patients were referred from the public hospital. There was a predominance of patients over 50 years old (54.5%), married (59%) and with children (87.8%). The mean age of the population studied was 63 years old. Time between suspected cancer and confirmation of diagnosis was over six months in 42.7% of patients. Cancer diagnosis was late (stage III and IV) in 47.6% of patients. Family history of breast cancer was present in 20.1%, 20.8% of them had performed self-breast examination, and 41% had been submitted to a mammogram. CONCLUSION: There was a higher prevalence of stage III/IV patients from the public service when compared to the private sector. We found that the major factors associated with the late diagnosis of breast cancer were the delay between suspected and confirmed diagnosis, the absence of family history of breast cancer and not having a mammogram.

Infarto encefálico isquêmico extenso (IEIE) é a perda do suprimento sangüíneo de uma grande área cerebral, principalmente do território da artéria cerebral média. Pode evoluir com edema importante, hipertensão intracraniana e óbito em até 80% dos casos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados da craniectomia descompressiva no tratamento da hipertensão intracraniana secundária ao IEIE, comparando com os resultados de outros estudos publicados na literatura. MÉTODO: Foram analisados 34 pacientes com IEIE tratados clinicamente sem sucesso e que necessitaram de craniectomia descompressiva para controle da hipertensão intracraniana. RESULTADOS: 8 pacientes (23,52%) faleceram, 26 (76,47%) sobreviveram, sendo que 2 (7,70%) permaneceram em estado vegetativo. CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores idade acima de 50 anos e sexo masculino se associaram a maior risco de evolução para óbito. O nível de consciência à admissão e a área do retalho ósseo apresentaram valores próximos de significância estatística.The large ischemic cerebral infarction (LICI) is a brain supply loss of a large area in the brain, mainly on the middle cerebral artery. Is possible that evolutes a major edema, intracranial hypertension and death in about 80% of the cases. OBJECTIVE: To avaliate the results of a descompressive craniectomy on the treatment of the secundary intracranial hypertension to LICI, comparing to other results of medical literature already published. METHOD: Were analysed 34 pacients diagnosed with LICI clinically treated unsuccesfully that needed forther on the decompressive craniectomy treatment, for the control of intracranial hypertension. RESULTS: 8 pacients (23.52%) died, 26 (76.47%) survived, and 2 (7.70%) developed a vegetative state condition. CONCLUSION: The factors age over 50 years and male gender were associated with a high death risk. The level of consciousness at admission and bone flap area were nearer the values of statistic significance.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease currently affects 5.7 million people in Latin America and is emerging in non-endemic countries. There is no consensus concerning the efficacy of trypanocidal therapy for patients with the chronic form of the disease. We evaluated cardiac function and sociodemographic, clinical, and serologic characteristics of a group of asymptomatic Trypanosoma cruzi-seropositive former blood donors, and compared the effects of benznidazole treatment applied for different lengths of time. METHODS: Blood donors who screened positive for T. cruzi between 1998 and 2002 were recruited 10 years later for follow-up (n = 244); 46 individuals had received treatment. Three subjects had terminated treatment prematurely. The remaining 43 individuals were divided into two groups: individuals who had received benznidazole therapy for 50-60 days (n = 28; BT ≤60 group) or more than 60 days (n = 15; BT >60). Serologic assays, biochemical tests, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and clinical examinations were performed on all participants. Parasite loads were determined by qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Parasitemia was significantly reduced in the BT ≤60 and BT >60 groups compared with the untreated group. There were no differences in epidemiologic profiles or clinical, biochemical, electrocardiographic, or echocardiographic data between any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite elimination or significant reduction in parasitemia in patients with chronic Chagas disease who received benznidazole, there was no clinical difference between those who were treated for >60 days and those treated for a shorter duration. Furthermore, the adverse effects of benznidazole appear to be less severe than previous reports would suggest.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Quality of life (QoL) is important for people living with HIV/AIDS, particularly as the disease progresses. This study evaluated the QoL of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), as well as its predictors, in one of the most impoverished regions of Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with patients older than 18 years with HIV/AIDS from two specialized HIV/AIDS care centers in the city of Montes Claros between 2013 and 2014. Sample size was calculated considering the estimates of mean scores for various dimensions of the European Portuguese version of the World Health’s Organization Quality of Life Instrument in HIV Infection (WHOQOL-HIV Bref). The following parameters were adopted: CI of 95%, estimated mean scores for QoL equal to 15, estimated variance for QoL scores equal to 16, and 5% relative margin of error. An increase of 20% was established to compensate for possible non-responses or losses, and correcting any design effect, adopting a deff equal to 2.0. Calculations revealed the need to interview at least 221 patients. Therefore, 226 patients living with HIV/AIDS were randomly selected. RESULTS: A total of 226 patients with mean age 43.7 years were evaluated: 51.8% men, 51.8% unemployed, 51.8% with low schooling level, 89.8% used antiretrovirals, and 43.3% experienced depression. Despite this, data indicated that 65% self-assessed their QoL as good and very good. Low QoL was associated with sociodemographic variables and some clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS: Depression was the main predictor of low QoL in all domains evaluated.