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Fil: Rodríguez de Behrends, Marisa. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; Argentina Fil: Rodríguez de Behrends, Marisa. Universidad Austral; Argentina Fil: Eidman, Leandro. Universidad Nacional del Chaco Austral; Argentina Fil: Eidman, Leandro. Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales; Argentina Fil: Mántaras, Florencia. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; Argentina Resumen: Introducción: El propósito de la presente investigación fue analizar los aspectos métricos de la Escala de Autocompasión (EAC) examinando evidencias de validez de constructo y confiabilidad en una muestra de profesionales de la salud mental en Argentina. Método: Se utilizó un muestreo de tipo no probabilístico y voluntario constituido por 252 psicólogos y psiquiatras residentes en CABA, Argentina. Se diseñó un estudio no experimental, transversal, de tipo instrumental clásico. Resultados: El análisis factorial confirmatorio efectuado permitió verificar la estructura de seis factores. Los resultados informaron correlaciones negativas y significativas entre las dimensiones consideradas teóricamente como opuestas. La consistencia interna es adecuada en todas las subdimensiones y en el total de la escala. Conclusión: La escala cuenta con propiedades adecuadas para su uso en población de CABA, Argentina. Abstract: Introduction: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in a sample of mental health professionals in Argentina. Method: The sample used was non-probabilistic and voluntary of 252 psychologists and psychiatrists residing in CABA, Argentina. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, classical instrumental study was designed. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis performed allowed verification of the six-factor structure. In turn, the results reported negative and significant correlations between the dimensions theoretically considered as opposites. The internal consistency is adequate in all the subdimensions and in the total scale. Conclusion: The scale has adequate properties for its use in the population of CABA, Argentina.

COVID-19 infection; Basiliximab; Renal transplantation Infección por COVID-19; Basiliximab; Trasplante renal Infecció per COVID-19; Basiliximab; Trasplantament renal Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in kidney transplant recipients has a high risk of complications and mortality, especially in older recipients diagnosed during the early period after transplantation. Management of immunosuppression has been challenging during the pandemic. We investigated the impact of induction immunosuppression, either basiliximab or thymoglobulin, on the clinical evolution of kidney transplant recipients developing COVID-19 during the early period after transplantation. We included kidney transplant recipients with ˂6 months with a functioning graft diagnosed with COVID-19 from the initial pandemic outbreak (March 2020) until 31 July 2021 from different Spanish centres participating in a nationwide registry. A total of 127 patients from 17 Spanish centres developed COVID-19 during the first 6 months after transplantation; 73 (57.5%) received basiliximab and 54 (42.5%) thymoglobulin. Demographics were not different between groups but patients receiving thymoglobulin were more sensitized [calculated panel reactive antibodies (cPRAs) 32.7 ± 40.8% versus 5.6 ± 18.5%] and were more frequently retransplants (30% versus 4%). Recipients ˃65 years of age treated with thymoglobulin showed the highest rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome [64.7% versus 37.1% for older recipients receiving thymoglobulin and basiliximab (P < .05), respectively, and 23.7% and 18.9% for young recipients receiving basiliximab and thymoglobulin (P > .05)], respectively, and the poorest survival [mortality rate 64.7% and 42.9% for older recipients treated with thymoglobulin and basiliximab, respectively (P < .05) and 8.1% and 10.5% for young recipients treated with thymoglobulin and basiliximab (P > .05), respectively]. Older recipients treated with thymoglobulin showed the poorest survival in the Cox regression model adjusted for comorbidities. Thus thymoglobulin should be used with caution in older recipients during the present pandemic era.

SARS CoV2 infection has had a major impact on renal transplant patients with a high mortality in the first months of the pandemic. Intentional reduction of immunosuppressive therapy has been postulated as one of the cornerstone in the management of the infection in the absence of targeted antiviral treatment. This has been modified according to the patient`s clinical situation and its effect on renal function or anti-HLA antibodies in the medium term has not been evaluated.Evaluate the management of immunosuppressive therapy made during SARS-CoV2 infection, as well as renal function and anti-HLA antibodies in kidney transplant patients 6 months after COVID19 diagnosis.Retrospective, national multicentre, retrospective study (30 centres) of kidney transplant recipients with COVID19 from 01/02/20 to 31/12/20. Clinical variables were collected from medical records and included in an anonymised database. SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis.615 renal transplant recipients with COVID19 were included (62.6% male), with a mean age of 57.5 years.The predominant immunosuppressive treatment prior to COVID19 was triple therapy with prednisone, tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid (54.6%) followed by m-TOR inhibitor regimens (18.6%). After diagnosis of infection, mycophenolic acid was discontinued in 73.8% of patients, m-TOR inhibitor in 41.4%, tacrolimus in 10.5% and cyclosporin A in 10%. In turn, 26.9% received dexamethasone and 50.9% were started on or had their baseline prednisone dose increased.Mean creatinine before diagnosis of COVID19, at diagnosis and at 6 months was: 1.7±0.8, 2.1±1.2 and 1.8±1 mg/dl respectively (p0.001).56.9% of the patients (N=350) were monitored for anti-HLA antibodies. 94% (N=329) had no anti-HLA changes, while 6% (N=21) had positive anti-HLA antibodies. Among the patients with donor-specific antibodies post-COVID19 (N=9), 7 patients (3.1%) had one immunosuppressant discontinued (5 patients had mycophenolic acid and 2 had tacrolimus), 1 patient had both immunosuppressants discontinued (3.4%) and 1 patient had no change in immunosuppression (1.1%), these differences were not significant.The management of immunosuppressive therapy after diagnosis of COVID19 was primarily based on discontinuation of mycophenolic acid with very discrete reductions or discontinuations of calcineurin inhibitors. This immunosuppression management did not influence renal function or changes in anti-HLA antibodies 6 months after diagnosis.

Introduction Pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is often difficult to treat. On many occasions, interventional techniques may be necessary. In recent years, spinal cord stimulation techniques have been used successfully in the treatment of these patients. However, only the use of traditional tonic stimulation based on paresthesias has been published for this purpose. Spinal cord burst stimulation has been shown to be more effective than tonic stimulation, especially in failed back surgery syndrome. Case description We present the case of an 82-year-old patient with incoercible pain related to chronic pancreatitis for the preceding 5 years. She had shown good short-term results with lidocaine-cortisone blocks and celiac plexus radiofrequency. After a failed trial period with low-frequency conventional tonic stimulation, she was successfully treated with burst stimulation. Results A sustained pain score reduction of over 50% on the visual analogue scale was seen, as were a decrease in opioid consumption and a high degree of satisfaction with the therapy by our patient.

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir, desde la neuropsicología, el proceso de Toma de Decisiones (TD) en sujetos que padecen la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Para ello, se estableció una comparación del desempeño en TD de 40 sujetos con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Alzheimer con el desempeño de un grupo control de 40 sujetos sin diagnóstico de enfermedad neurológica y /o psiquiátrica, pareados por NSEC. El desempeño en la TD se evaluó con la tarea de Game Dice Task (GDT) ?Tarea del Juego de los Dados de Brand?. También se aplicaron otras pruebas y tareas de evaluación cognitiva para determinar la relación de la TD con otras Funciones Ejecutivas (FE). Los resultados permitieron establecer que el proceso de TD se deteriora desde los comienzos de la enfermedad, evidenciando que el desempeño de los sujetos con EA es significativamente inferior al de los sujetos sanos, con un porcentaje mayor de respuestas de riesgo y aumento significativo de los tiempos de respuesta. También se observó deterioro en todas las funciones ejecutivas evaluadas. El trabajo provee evidencia empírica que soporta la idea de que la TD se encuentra estrechamente relacionada a las demás FE. The purpose of this study is to describe the impairment in the decision making (DM) process in subjects with diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The DM performance was assessed on 40 subjects diagnosed with AD and then compared against 40 control subjects with no neurological or psychiatric disease. The DM was evaluated using the Game Dice Task developed by Brand. Subjects were also administered other cognitive assessment tests in order to determine the relationship between the DM with other executive functions. The results show that the DM process seems to be impaired in patients with AD from the early stages of the disease. The results also show that the DM performance of the subjects with diagnosis of AD seems to be very inferior when compared to that of healthy subjects. DM assessment show that subjects with AD take more risky answers and have a longer reaction time to make the decision than those with no neurological disease. It was also observed that all executives functions seem to be deteriorated as well. This research shows empiric evidence about the relationship between DM and executive functions. Fil: Malm Morgan, María Rita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentina Fil: Urquijo, Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología. Centro de Investigación en Procesos Básicos, Metodologías y Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina Fil: Lopez, Fernanda. No especifíca; Fil: Licitra, Mariela. No especifíca; Fil: Comesaña, Ana. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología. Centro de Investigación en Procesos Básicos, Metodologías y Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina Fil: Rodriguez, Marisa. No especifíca; Fil: Brusco, Luis Ignacio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Resumen Objetivos Calcular la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en ninos y adolescentes de nuestra ciudad e investigar los factores asociados. Sujetos y metodos Estudio transversal de 1.317 ninos y adolescentes de 2 a 16 anos. Mediante muestreo probabilistico polietapico se seleccionaron 3 grupos: 411 de 12 a 16, 504 de 6 a 12 y 402 de 2 a 6 anos. Se les calculo el indice de masa corporal y se definio obesidad y sobrepeso segun la International Obesity Task Force. Se realizo un cuestionario de consumo de alimentos y de caracteristicas clinicas y sociodemograficas. Los resultados se expresan como porcentajes (intervalos de confianza al 95%). Mediante regresion logistica multiple se estudio la asociacion entre exceso de peso (obesidad y sobrepeso) y las distintas variables, calculando la odds ratio (OR) ajustada. Resultados El 9,5% (8,0-11,0) de los ninos y adolescentes de 2 a 16 anos son obesos y 22,4% (23,3-24,6) tienen sobrepeso. En el grupo de 12 a 16 anos, el 8,5% (5,9-11,2) son obesos y el 20,5% (16,7-24,3) tienen sobrepeso, en el grupo de 6 a 12 anos el 11,6% (8,9-14,3) y el 31,0% (27,0-35,0) y en el de 2 a 6 anos el 8,0% (5,4-10,6) y el 13,6% (10,3-16,9), respectivamente. Se asocian con el exceso de peso la edad (OR 1,21; p Conclusion La obesidad y el sobrepeso infantil y juvenil son problemas extraordinariamente prevalentes en nuestra ciudad.

Las dos últimas cumbres que ha celebrado la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte, en Washington (1999),- y en Praga (Noviembre de 2002), tenían como objetivo acordar aquellos cambios que permitieran a esta organización de defensa acomodarse a las transformaciones del entorno, tanto las resultantes de la globalización del sistema internacional, como las derivadas de1 brutal ataque terrorista contra los Estados U nidos que tuvo lugar el 11 de Septiembre de 2001. Globalización entendida coma un fenómeno que desborda la simple transformación de las relaciones económicas mundiales, para implicar a la totalidad de las interacciones: políticas, sociales, culturales, económicas, y de seguridad, así como a la velocidad a la que éstas se realizan. Incluyendo 1a permeabilidad de fronteras, y la compresión de distancias. La transformación de riesgos y amenazas que se previó al terminar la guerra fría ha dejado de ser un presupuesto teórico después del 11 de Septiembre de 2001. Hasta tal punto, que se ha creado un nuevo escenario, dentro del cual considerar que la eficacia de la OTAN podría mantenerse sin alterar el concepto que la concibió como una "maquinaria de guerra" exclusivamente, se hubiera quedado muy corto.

Fundamento y objetivo Conocer la utilidad clinica del tratamiento hipolipemiante con atorvastatina en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) con hipercolesterolemia asociada al tratamiento antirretroviral, asi como su tolerabilidad. Pacientes y metodo Estudio observacional, prospectivo y no controlado que incluye a pacientes infectados por el VIH en tratamiento antirretroviral que presentan dislipemia secundaria con criterios de tratamiento medico segun el National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). La intervencion terapeutica realizada fue atorvastatina a dosis de 10 mg/dia y medidas higienico-dieteticas. Si a los 3 meses de tratamiento no se alcanzaba los objetivos terapeuticos, se aumentaba la dosis de atorvastatina a 20 mg/dia. Se realizo un seguimiento clinico y analitico durante 6 meses. Resultados Se incluyo a 32 pacientes. En 5 casos se preciso aumentar la dosis de 10 a 20 mg de atorvastatina al dia. En un 62% de los casos se consiguio el objetivo terapeutico con buena tolerancia clinica. Se observo un efecto adverso que obligo a retirar el farmaco. Conclusion En este estudio, la atorvastatina ha resultado ser eficaz y bien tolerada para el tratamiento de la dislipemia en la poblacion infectada por el VIH+.

Odontoid fractures are the most common cervical spine fracture in elderly patients, with falls being the most common mechanism of fracture in these patients. The clinical symptoms range from mild neck pain to quadriplegia, or even death. Treatment options include surgical and non surgical therapies, such as cervical collar or halo vest. We present the case of an 87 year-old patient with a history of recurrent falls and progressive loss of strength in all 4 extremities that worsened after a dental revision. The CT scan showed a cervical odontoid fracture, with displacement confirmed on MRI. Conservative treatment with a cervical collar was decided. The patient progressed poorly and died.

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents in our city and to investigate the associated factors. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study of 1317 children and adolescents aged 2–16 years was done. Multistage probability sampling was used to select three groups of subjects: 411 aged 12–16 years, 504 aged 6–12 years, and 402 aged 2–6 years. Body mass index was calculated, and obesity and overweight were diagnosed using the threshold levels of the International Obesity Task Force for children and adolescents. Parents were asked about eating habits, health, social, and demographic aspects. Results are given as percentages (95% confidence interval). The relationship between obesity and overweight and the different variables was studied using multiple logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was calculated. Results Among children and adolescents aged 2–16 years, 9.5% (8.0–11.0%) were obese and 22.4% (23.3–24.6%) were overweight. Of subjects aged 12–16 years, 8.5% (5.9–11.2%) were obese and 20.5% (16.7–24.3%) were overweight. In the groups aged 6–12 years and 2–6 years, rates of obesity and overweight were 11.6% (8.9–14.3%) and 31.0% (27.0–35.0) and 8.0% (5.4–10.6%) and 13.6% (10.3–16.9%), respectively. Obesity or overweight was associated to age (OR 1.21; p p = 0.008), a birthweight higher than 4 kg (OR 2.91; p = 0.002), and formula feeding (OR 1.82; p = 0.005). Conclusion Obesity and overweight in children and adolescents are highly prevalent problems in our city.

OBJETIVO:Determinar la evolucion de la resistencia a la eritromicina, el cloranfenicol, el trimetoprim-sulfametozaxol (SXT) y la vancomicina de aislamientos invasores de Streptococcus pneumoniae obtenidos de ninos de 10 paises de America Latina y del Caribe en seis anos de vigilancia. METODOS: Se analizaron 8 993 aislamientos de S. pneumoniae recuperados entre 2000 y 2005 de ninos menores de 6 anos con infecciones invasoras, procedentes de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Paraguay, Republica Dominicana, Uruguay y Venezuela. La sensibilidad a los antibioticos se determino mediante los metodos establecidos y estandarizados en el proyecto SIREVA. La resistencia a multiples antibioticos se definio como la resistencia a tres o mas familias de antibioticos, de los no betalactamicos analizados en este estudio o de los betalactamicos evaluados en un estudio previo en el que 37,8% de estos aislamientos presentaron sensibilidad disminuida a la penicilina. RESULTADOS: Se encontro algun grado de resistencia al SXT y la eritromicina (56,4% y 15,4% de los aislamientos estudiados, respectivamente) y 4,6% presento alta resistencia al cloranfenicol. Todos los aislamientos fueron sensibles a la vancomicina. Se observo la mayor frecuencia de resistencia al SXT en los aislamientos de neumonia y a la eritromicina en los casos de sepsis (61,6% y 25,5%, respectivamente; P < 0,01). La mayor frecuencia de resistencia al SXT se observo en Brasil (71,9%) y a la eritromicina en Mexico (38,2%) y Venezuela (32,9%). Los serotipos 14, 6B, 19F y 23F fueron los que mas frecuentemente se asociaron con la resistencia a los antibioticos estudiados. CONCLUSIONES: Se observo una elevada y creciente frecuencia de aislamientos resistentes al SXT y la eritromicina, y una disminucion en la proporcion de aislamientos resistentes al cloranfenicol. Estas tendencias mostraron diferencias entre los paises estudiados.

We investigated atorvastatin effectiveness and tolerance in HIV patients with hypercholesterolemia related to antiretroviral treatment.Prospective study that included HIV+ patients under antiretroviral treatment who displayed secondary dyslipemia and medical treatment criteria (according to NCEP-III). These patients were given 10 mg/day atorvastatin and hygienic-dietetic measures. If the therapeutic objectives were not achieved, the dose of atorvastatin was increased to 20 mg/day. Patients were followed up for 6 months.32 patients were included. In 5 cases it was necessary to increase the dose from 10 mg atorvastatin to 20 mg. The therapeutic objective was obtained in 62% cases, with a good clinical tolerance. Only one adverse effect was noticed, which forced the removal of the drug.In our study atorvastatin was effective for the treatment of dyslipemia in HIV patients, and it was safe and well tolerated.

In vitro studies have reported controversial effects of protease inhibitors (PIs) on mitochondrially driven apoptosis. Additionally, since PIs in the clinical setting are almost always given in combination with nucleoside analogues, which may have negative effects on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the impact of PI-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on apoptosis and mtDNA content is unclear.A cross-sectional study was performed including 20 HIV-negative (HIV-) patients, 16 HIV-positive, antiretroviral-naive (HIV+) patients and 17 HIV-positive patients receiving the PI nelfinavir (NFV) plus zidovudine and lamivudine (AZT+3TC) or didanosine and stavudine (ddl+d4T)--collectively known as HIV+PI--as first-line antiretroviral treatment for at least 12 months. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated. BCL2 expression (anti-apoptotic) and the levels of the cleaved, active form of caspase-9 (pro-apoptotic) were determined by western blot. An index of mitochondrially driven apoptotic activation was estimated calculating the ratio caspase-9:BCL2. Mitochorldrial DNA content was measured by real-time PCR.BCL2 expression was lower in HIV+ than in HIV-patients (P0.01), whereas levels of caspase-9 were higher (P = 0.001). The caspase-9:BCL2 ratio was significantly increased in HIV+ compared with HIV-individuals (P0.001). Mitochondrial DNA content was also decreased in HIV+ compared with HIV-patients (P0.001). The HIV+PI group exhibited a trend to normalization for BCL2 expression and caspase-9 compared with the HIV+ group, whereas the caspase-9:BCL2 ratio significantly improved (decreased, P0.05 compared with HIV+ group). The mtDNA content in the HIV+PI group was similar to that of the HIV+ group, although the results of mtDNA content differed depending on whether NFV was combined with AZT+3TC (preserved) or with ddl+d4T (depleted). Conversely, no differences were found in apoptotic markers between the two subgroups of HIV+PI.NFV-based PI-containing HAART regimens may exert some beneficial effects counteracting the increased mitochondrially driven apoptosis present in HIV-infected people.

We report the first comprehensive analysis of the effects of elevated [CO

Fil: Rodríguez de Behrends, Marisa. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía; Argentina Fil: Brenlla, María Elena. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía; Argentina Resumen: El objetivo principal de este artículo es presentar la adaptación lingüística y el análisis las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Orientación Negativa al Problema (CONP) para población de Buenos Aires. El CONP es un instrumento de 12 ítems con escalamiento tipo Likert con cinco opciones de respuesta. Evalúa la Orientación Negativa a los Problemas (ONP) que es uno de los cuatro componentes del Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (TAG) según el modelo teórico de Dugas (Dugas, Gagnon, Ladouceur & Freeston, 1998). La ONP se refiere al conjunto de las reacciones disfuncionales que interfieren en la resolución de problemas (Robichaud & Dugas, 2005b). En la presente investigación se analizaron los datos obtenidos de una muestra de 320 participantes de CABA y Gran Buenos Aires (República Argentina). En cuanto a la confiabilidad del CONP, los resultados indican una excelente consistencia interna de los ítems (α = ,91) y una estabilidad test-retest luego de cinco semanas de ,62. En relación a la validez del cuestionario, se obtuvieron correlaciones significativas con medidas de preocupación (r = ,399; p < ,001), ansiedad como estado (r = ,330; p < ,001) y ansiedad como rasgo (r = ,639; p < ,001). El análisis de la estructura factorial de la escala indicó la existencia de un único factor que explica el 46,27 % de la varianza total. Por último se registraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones según el sexo, la edad y el nivel educacional. Abstract: Abstract: The goal of the present study is to report as regards the linguistic and cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire (NPOQ, for its accronyms in English) in the population of Buenos Aires. The NPOQ is a 12-items measure, on a five-point Likert-type scale. The NPOQ assesses the Negative Problem Orientation (NPO), which is one of the components of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) according to the theoretical model of Dugas (Dugas, Gagnon, Ladouceur & Freeston, 1998). NPO refers to a dysfunctional cognitive set regarding social problems, and was originally described as a cognitive-emotional schema (Robichaud & Dugas, 2005b). Data obtained from a sample of 320 participants of the Capital City of Buenos Aires as well as the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentine Republic) has been analyzed. In relation to the consistency of this scale, the results show an excellent internal consistency (α = ,91) and a fairly strong test–retest reliability over a five-week period of ,62. On the one hand, regarding the evidence of validity, significant correlations were obtained with worry (r = ,399; p =,000) and anxiety as a state (r = ,330; p = ,000) and trait (r = ,639; p = ,000). On the other hand, the analysis of the factor structure of the scale and dimensions of the construct indicated two factors that explain 46,27 % of the total variance. Finally significant differences were not registered in the punctuations of the scale according to age, sex and educational level.