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1,407 results on '"Marinos, P."'

1. On the low drag regime of flatback airfoils

Author

Kellaris, Konstantinos, Papadakis, George, Mendez, Miguel Alfonso, and Manolesos, Marinos

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Flatback airfoils, characterized by a blunt trailing edge, are used at the root of large wind turbine blades. A low-drag pocket has recently been identified in the flow past these airfoils at high angles of attack, potentially offering opportunities for enhanced energy extraction. This study uses three-dimensional Detached Eddy Simulations (DES) combined with statistical and data-driven modal analysis techniques to explore the aerodynamics and coherent structures of a flatback airfoil in these conditions. Two angles of attack - one inside $\left(12^{\circ}\right)$ and one outside $\left(0^{\circ}\right)$ of the low-drag pocket - are examined more thoroughly. The spanwise correlation length of secondary instability is analyzed in terms of autocorrelation of the $\Gamma_{1}$ vortex identification criterion, while coherent structures were extracted via the multiscale Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (mPOD). The results show increased base pressure, BL thickness, vortex formation length, and more organized wake structures inside the low-drag regime. While the primary instability (B\'enard-von K\'arm\'an vortex street) dominates in both cases, the secondary instability is distinguishable only for the $12^{\circ}$ case and is identified as a Mode S$^{\prime}$ instability., Comment: 27 pages, 25 figures, submitted to Physical Review Fluids

Published
2024

2. Challenging the Need for Packet Spraying in Large-Scale Distributed Training

Author

Addanki, Vamsi, Goyal, Prateesh, and Marinos, Ilias

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

Large-scale distributed training in production datacenters constitutes a challenging workload bottlenecked by network communication. In response, both major industry players (e.g., Ultra Ethernet Consortium) and parts of academia have surprisingly, and almost unanimously, agreed that packet spraying is necessary to improve the performance of large-scale distributed training workloads. In this paper, we challenge this prevailing belief and pose the question: How close can a singlepath transport approach an optimal multipath transport? We demonstrate that singlepath transport (from a NIC's perspective) is sufficient and can perform nearly as well as an ideal multipath transport with packet spraying, particularly in the context of distributed training in leaf-spine topologies. Our assertion is based on four key observations about workloads driven by collective communication patterns: (i) flows within a collective start almost simultaneously, (ii) flow sizes are nearly equal, (iii) the completion time of a collective is more crucial than individual flow completion times, and (iv) flows can be split upon arrival. We analytically prove that singlepath transport, using minimal flow splitting (at the application layer), is equivalent to an ideal multipath transport with packet spraying in terms of maximum congestion. Our preliminary evaluations support our claims. This paper suggests an alternative agenda for developing next-generation transport protocols tailored for large-scale distributed training.

Published
2024

3. Optimising an Array of Cherenkov Telescopes in Australia for the Detection of TeV Gamma-Ray Transients

Author

Lee, Simon, Einecke, Sabrina, Rowell, Gavin, Balazs, Csaba, Bellido, Jose A., Dai, Shi, Filipović, Miroslav, Harvey, Violet M., McGee, Padric, Marinos, Peter, Tothill, Nicholas, and White, Martin

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

As TeV gamma-ray astronomy progresses into the era of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), instantaneously following up on gamma-ray transients is becoming more important than ever. To this end, a worldwide network of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes has been proposed. Australia is ideally suited to provide coverage of part of the Southern Hemisphere sky inaccessible to H.E.S.S. in Namibia and the upcoming CTA-South in Chile. This study assesses the sources detectable by a small, transient-focused array in Australia based on CTA telescope designs. The TeV emission of extragalactic sources (including the majority of gamma-ray transients) can suffer significant absorption by the extragalactic background light. As such, we explored the improvements possible by implementing stereoscopic and topological triggers, as well as lowered image cleaning thresholds, to access lower energies. We modelled flaring gamma-ray sources based on past measurements from the satellite-based gamma-ray telescope Fermi-LAT. We estimate that an array of four Medium-Sized Telescopes (MSTs) would detect $\sim$24 active galactic nucleus flares >5$\sigma$ per year, up to a redshift of $z\approx1.5$. Two MSTs achieved $\sim$80-90% of the detections of four MSTs. The modelled Galactic transients were detectable within the observation time of one night, 11 of the 21 modelled gamma-ray bursts were detectable, as were $\sim$10% of unidentified transients. An array of MST-class telescopes would thus be a valuable complementary telescope array for transient TeV gamma-ray astronomy., Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in PASA

Published
2024
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4. The 2024 Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge: Glioma Segmentation on Post-treatment MRI

Author

de Verdier, Maria Correia, Saluja, Rachit, Gagnon, Louis, LaBella, Dominic, Baid, Ujjwall, Tahon, Nourel Hoda, Foltyn-Dumitru, Martha, Zhang, Jikai, Alafif, Maram, Baig, Saif, Chang, Ken, D'Anna, Gennaro, Deptula, Lisa, Gupta, Diviya, Haider, Muhammad Ammar, Hussain, Ali, Iv, Michael, Kontzialis, Marinos, Manning, Paul, Moodi, Farzan, Nunes, Teresa, Simon, Aaron, Sollmann, Nico, Vu, David, Adewole, Maruf, Albrecht, Jake, Anazodo, Udunna, Chai, Rongrong, Chung, Verena, Faghani, Shahriar, Farahani, Keyvan, Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi, Iglesias, Eugenio, Kofler, Florian, Li, Hongwei, Linguraru, Marius George, Menze, Bjoern, Moawad, Ahmed W., Velichko, Yury, Wiestler, Benedikt, Altes, Talissa, Basavasagar, Patil, Bendszus, Martin, Brugnara, Gianluca, Cho, Jaeyoung, Dhemesh, Yaseen, Fields, Brandon K. K., Garrett, Filip, Gass, Jaime, Hadjiiski, Lubomir, Hattangadi-Gluth, Jona, Hess, Christopher, Houk, Jessica L., Isufi, Edvin, Layfield, Lester J., Mastorakos, George, Mongan, John, Nedelec, Pierre, Nguyen, Uyen, Oliva, Sebastian, Pease, Matthew W., Rastogi, Aditya, Sinclair, Jason, Smith, Robert X., Sugrue, Leo P., Thacker, Jonathan, Vidic, Igor, Villanueva-Meyer, Javier, White, Nathan S., Aboian, Mariam, Conte, Gian Marco, Dale, Anders, Sabuncu, Mert R., Seibert, Tyler M., Weinberg, Brent, Abayazeed, Aly, Huang, Raymond, Turk, Sevcan, Rauschecker, Andreas M., Farid, Nikdokht, Vollmuth, Philipp, Nada, Ayman, Bakas, Spyridon, Calabrese, Evan, and Rudie, Jeffrey D.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors in adults and one of the deadliest types of cancer. There are many challenges in treatment and monitoring due to the genetic diversity and high intrinsic heterogeneity in appearance, shape, histology, and treatment response. Treatments include surgery, radiation, and systemic therapies, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) playing a key role in treatment planning and post-treatment longitudinal assessment. The 2024 Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenge on post-treatment glioma MRI will provide a community standard and benchmark for state-of-the-art automated segmentation models based on the largest expert-annotated post-treatment glioma MRI dataset. Challenge competitors will develop automated segmentation models to predict four distinct tumor sub-regions consisting of enhancing tissue (ET), surrounding non-enhancing T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity (SNFH), non-enhancing tumor core (NETC), and resection cavity (RC). Models will be evaluated on separate validation and test datasets using standardized performance metrics utilized across the BraTS 2024 cluster of challenges, including lesion-wise Dice Similarity Coefficient and Hausdorff Distance. Models developed during this challenge will advance the field of automated MRI segmentation and contribute to their integration into clinical practice, ultimately enhancing patient care., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

Published
2024

5. Establishing Trust in the Beyond-5G Core Network using Trusted Execution Environments

Author

Vomvas, Marinos, Ludant, Norbert, and Noubir, Guevara

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

The fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks starts a paradigm shift from the traditional monolithic system design to a Service Based Architecture, that fits modern performance requirements and scales efficiently to new services. This paradigm will be the foundation of future cellular core networks beyond 5G. The new architecture splits network functionalities into smaller logical entities that can be disaggregated logically, physically, and geographically. This affords interoperability between the mobile network operators and commercial software and hardware vendors or cloud providers. By making use of commodity services and products, this system construct inherits the vulnerabilities in those underlying technologies, thereby increasing its attack surface and requiring a rigorous security analysis. In this work, we review the security implications introduced in B5G networks, and the security mechanisms that are supported by the 5G standard. We emphasize on the support of Zero Trust Architecture in 5G and its relevance in decentralized deployments. We revisit the definition of trust in modern enterprise network operations and identify important Zero Trust properties that are weakened by the nature of cloud deployments. To that end, we propose a vertical extension of Zero Trust, namely, Zero Trust Execution, to model untrusted execution environments, and we provide an analysis on how to establish trust in Beyond-5G network architectures using Trusted Execution Environments. Our analysis shows how our model architecture handles the increased attack surface and reinforces the Zero Trust Architecture principles in the 5G Core, without any changes to the 5G standard. Finally, we provide experimental results over a 5G testbed using Open5GS and UERANSIM that demonstrate minimal performance overhead, and a monetary cost evaluation., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures

Published
2024

6. Analysis of the BraTS 2023 Intracranial Meningioma Segmentation Challenge

Author

LaBella, Dominic, Baid, Ujjwal, Khanna, Omaditya, McBurney-Lin, Shan, McLean, Ryan, Nedelec, Pierre, Rashid, Arif, Tahon, Nourel Hoda, Altes, Talissa, Bhalerao, Radhika, Dhemesh, Yaseen, Godfrey, Devon, Hilal, Fathi, Floyd, Scott, Janas, Anastasia, Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi, Kirkpatrick, John, Kent, Collin, Kofler, Florian, Leu, Kevin, Maleki, Nazanin, Menze, Bjoern, Pajot, Maxence, Reitman, Zachary J., Rudie, Jeffrey D., Saluja, Rachit, Velichko, Yury, Wang, Chunhao, Warman, Pranav, Adewole, Maruf, Albrecht, Jake, Anazodo, Udunna, Anwar, Syed Muhammad, Bergquist, Timothy, Chen, Sully Francis, Chung, Verena, Conte, Gian-Marco, Dako, Farouk, Eddy, James, Ezhov, Ivan, Khalili, Nastaran, Iglesias, Juan Eugenio, Jiang, Zhifan, Johanson, Elaine, Van Leemput, Koen, Li, Hongwei Bran, Linguraru, Marius George, Liu, Xinyang, Mahtabfar, Aria, Meier, Zeke, Moawad, Ahmed W., Mongan, John, Piraud, Marie, Shinohara, Russell Takeshi, Wiggins, Walter F., Abayazeed, Aly H., Akinola, Rachel, Jakab, András, Bilello, Michel, de Verdier, Maria Correia, Crivellaro, Priscila, Davatzikos, Christos, Farahani, Keyvan, Freymann, John, Hess, Christopher, Huang, Raymond, Lohmann, Philipp, Moassefi, Mana, Pease, Matthew W., Vollmuth, Phillipp, Sollmann, Nico, Diffley, David, Nandolia, Khanak K., Warren, Daniel I., Hussain, Ali, Fehringer, Pascal, Bronstein, Yulia, Deptula, Lisa, Stein, Evan G., Taherzadeh, Mahsa, de Oliveira, Eduardo Portela, Haughey, Aoife, Kontzialis, Marinos, Saba, Luca, Turner, Benjamin, Brüßeler, Melanie M. T., Ansari, Shehbaz, Gkampenis, Athanasios, Weiss, David Maximilian, Mansour, Aya, Shawali, Islam H., Yordanov, Nikolay, Stein, Joel M., Hourani, Roula, Moshebah, Mohammed Yahya, Abouelatta, Ahmed Magdy, Rizvi, Tanvir, Willms, Klara, Martin, Dann C., Okar, Abdullah, D'Anna, Gennaro, Taha, Ahmed, Sharifi, Yasaman, Faghani, Shahriar, Kite, Dominic, Pinho, Marco, Haider, Muhammad Ammar, Aristizabal, Alejandro, Karargyris, Alexandros, Kassem, Hasan, Pati, Sarthak, Sheller, Micah, Alonso-Basanta, Michelle, Villanueva-Meyer, Javier, Rauschecker, Andreas M., Nada, Ayman, Aboian, Mariam, Flanders, Adam E., Wiestler, Benedikt, Bakas, Spyridon, and Calabrese, Evan

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

We describe the design and results from the BraTS 2023 Intracranial Meningioma Segmentation Challenge. The BraTS Meningioma Challenge differed from prior BraTS Glioma challenges in that it focused on meningiomas, which are typically benign extra-axial tumors with diverse radiologic and anatomical presentation and a propensity for multiplicity. Nine participating teams each developed deep-learning automated segmentation models using image data from the largest multi-institutional systematically expert annotated multilabel multi-sequence meningioma MRI dataset to date, which included 1000 training set cases, 141 validation set cases, and 283 hidden test set cases. Each case included T2, T2/FLAIR, T1, and T1Gd brain MRI sequences with associated tumor compartment labels delineating enhancing tumor, non-enhancing tumor, and surrounding non-enhancing T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. Participant automated segmentation models were evaluated and ranked based on a scoring system evaluating lesion-wise metrics including dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and 95% Hausdorff Distance. The top ranked team had a lesion-wise median dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.976, 0.976, and 0.964 for enhancing tumor, tumor core, and whole tumor, respectively and a corresponding average DSC of 0.899, 0.904, and 0.871, respectively. These results serve as state-of-the-art benchmarks for future pre-operative meningioma automated segmentation algorithms. Additionally, we found that 1286 of 1424 cases (90.3%) had at least 1 compartment voxel abutting the edge of the skull-stripped image edge, which requires further investigation into optimal pre-processing face anonymization steps., Comment: 16 pages, 11 tables, 10 figures, MICCAI

Published
2024

7. Unveiling extended gamma-ray emission around HESS J1813-178

Author

Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Barnard, J., Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Doroshenko, V., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitt, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Regeard, M., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Roellinghoff, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tluczykont, M., Tsuji, N., Unbehaun, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zouari, S., and Żywucka, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

HESS J1813$-$178 is a very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray source spatially coincident with the young and energetic pulsar PSR J1813$-$1749 and thought to be associated with its pulsar wind nebula (PWN). Recently, evidence for extended high-energy emission in the vicinity of the pulsar has been revealed in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data. This motivates revisiting the HESS J1813$-$178 region, taking advantage of improved analysis methods and an extended data set. Using data taken by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) experiment and the Fermi-LAT, we aim to describe the $\gamma$-ray emission in the region with a consistent model, to provide insights into its origin. We performed a likelihood-based analysis on 32 hours of H.E.S.S. data and 12 years of Fermi-LAT data and fit a spectro-morphological model to the combined datasets. These results allowed us to develop a physical model for the origin of the observed $\gamma$-ray emission in the region. In addition to the compact very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray emission centered on the pulsar, we find a significant yet previously undetected component along the Galactic plane. With Fermi-LAT data, we confirm extended high-energy emission consistent with the position and elongation of the extended emission observed with H.E.S.S. These results establish a consistent description of the emission in the region from GeV energies to several tens of TeV. This study suggests that HESS J1813$-$178 is associated with a $\gamma$-ray PWN powered by PSR J1813$-$1749. A possible origin of the extended emission component is inverse Compton emission from electrons and positrons that have escaped the confines of the pulsar and form a halo around the PWN., Comment: 13+5 pages, 13+11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: T.Wach, A.Mitchell, V.Joshi, P.Chamb\'ery

Published
2024
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8. Spectrum and extension of the inverse-Compton emission of the Crab Nebula from a combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. analysis

Author

Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brown, A., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fegan, S., Feijen, K., Filipović, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Glombitza, J., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kundu, A., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Luashvili, A., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mehta, A., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Murach, T., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Regeard, M., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Ren, H., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Roellinghoff, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Streil, K., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Tluczykont, M., Tsuji, N., Unbehaun, T., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., and Harding, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Crab Nebula is a unique laboratory for studying the acceleration of electrons and positrons through their non-thermal radiation. Observations of very-high-energy $\gamma$ rays from the Crab Nebula have provided important constraints for modelling its broadband emission. We present the first fully self-consistent analysis of the Crab Nebula's $\gamma$-ray emission between 1 GeV and $\sim$100 TeV, that is, over five orders of magnitude in energy. Using the open-source software package Gammapy, we combined 11.4 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and 80 h of High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) data at the event level and provide a measurement of the spatial extension of the nebula and its energy spectrum. We find evidence for a shrinking of the nebula with increasing $\gamma$-ray energy. Furthermore, we fitted several phenomenological models to the measured data, finding that none of them can fully describe the spatial extension and the spectral energy distribution at the same time. Especially the extension measured at TeV energies appears too large when compared to the X-ray emission. Our measurements probe the structure of the magnetic field between the pulsar wind termination shock and the dust torus, and we conclude that the magnetic field strength decreases with increasing distance from the pulsar. We complement our study with a careful assessment of systematic uncertainties., Comment: 18+6 pages, 15+2 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: M. Meyer, L. Mohrmann, T. Unbehaun. v2: after A&A language editing

Published
2024
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9. Unprotected 4G/5G Control Procedures at Low Layers Considered Dangerous

Author

Ludant, Norbert, Vomvas, Marinos, and Noubir, Guevara

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Over the years, several security vulnerabilities in the 3GPP cellular systems have been demonstrated in the literature. Most studies focus on higher layers of the cellular radio stack, such as the RRC and NAS, which are cryptographically protected. However, lower layers of the stack, such as PHY and MAC, are not as thoroughly studied, even though they are neither encrypted nor integrity protected. Furthermore, the latest releases of 5G significantly increased the number of low-layer control messages and procedures. The complexity of the cellular standards and the high degree of cross-layer operations, makes reasoning about security non-trivial, and requires a systematic analysis. We study the control procedures carried by each physical channel, and find that current cellular systems are susceptible to several new passive attacks due to information leakage, and active attacks by injecting MAC and PHY messages. For instance, we find that beamforming information leakage enables fingerprinting-based localization and tracking of users. We identify active attacks that reduce the users' throughput by disabling RF front ends at the UE, disrupt user communications by tricking other connected UEs into acting as jammers, or stealthily disconnect an active user. We evaluate our attacks against COTS UEs in various scenarios and demonstrate their practicality by measuring current operators' configurations across three countries. Our results show that an attacker can, among other things, localize users with an accuracy of 20 meters 96% of the time, track users' moving paths with a probability of 90%, reduce throughput by more than 95% within 2 seconds (by spoofing a 39 bits DCI), and disconnect users.

Published
2024

15. Network topology mapping of Chemical Compounds Space

Author

Tsekenis, Georgios, Cimini, Giulio, Kalafatis, Marinos, Giacometti, Achille, Gili, Tommaso, and Caldarelli, Guido

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Physics - Chemical Physics, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

We define bipartite and monopartite relational networks of chemical elements and compounds using two different datasets of inorganic chemical and material compounds, as well as study their topology. We discover that the connectivity between elements and compounds is distributed exponentially for materials, and with a fat tail for chemicals. Compounds networks show similar distribution of degrees, and feature a highly-connected club due to oxygen. Chemical compounds networks appear more modular than material ones, while the communities detected reveal different dominant elements specific to the topology. We successfully reproduce the connectivity of the empirical chemicals and materials networks by using a family of fitness models, where the fitness values are derived from the abundances of the elements in the aggregate compound data. Our results pave the way towards a relational network-based understanding of the inherent complexity of the vast chemical knowledge atlas, and our methodology can be applied to other systems with the ingredient-composite structure., Comment: main manuscript with 3 Figures, and supplementary information with 8 figures

Published
2024
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16. A multi-institutional meningioma MRI dataset for automated multi-sequence image segmentation.

Author

LaBella, Dominic, Khanna, Omaditya, McBurney-Lin, Shan, Mclean, Ryan, Nedelec, Pierre, Rashid, Arif, Tahon, Nourel, Altes, Talissa, Baid, Ujjwal, Bhalerao, Radhika, Dhemesh, Yaseen, Floyd, Scott, Godfrey, Devon, Hilal, Fathi, Janas, Anastasia, Kazerooni, Anahita, Kent, Collin, Kirkpatrick, John, Kofler, Florian, Leu, Kevin, Maleki, Nazanin, Menze, Bjoern, Pajot, Maxence, Reitman, Zachary, Rudie, Jeffrey, Saluja, Rachit, Velichko, Yury, Wang, Chunhao, Warman, Pranav, Sollmann, Nico, Diffley, David, Nandolia, Khanak, Warren, Daniel, Hussain, Ali, Fehringer, John, Bronstein, Yulia, Deptula, Lisa, Stein, Evan, Taherzadeh, Mahsa, Portela de Oliveira, Eduardo, Haughey, Aoife, Kontzialis, Marinos, Saba, Luca, Turner, Benjamin, Brüßeler, Melanie, Ansari, Shehbaz, Gkampenis, Athanasios, Weiss, David, Mansour, Aya, Shawali, Islam, Yordanov, Nikolay, Stein, Joel, Hourani, Roula, Moshebah, Mohammed, Abouelatta, Ahmed, Rizvi, Tanvir, Willms, Klara, Martin, Dann, Okar, Abdullah, DAnna, Gennaro, Taha, Ahmed, Sharifi, Yasaman, Faghani, Shahriar, Kite, Dominic, Pinho, Marco, Haider, Muhammad, Alonso-Basanta, Michelle, Rauschecker, Andreas, Nada, Ayman, Aboian, Mariam, Flanders, Adam, Bakas, Spyridon, Calabrese, Evan, and Villanueva-Meyer, Javier

Subjects
Meningioma, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Meningeal Neoplasms, Male, Female, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Middle Aged, Aged
Abstract

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Radiologists, neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, and radiation oncologists rely on brain MRI for diagnosis, treatment planning, and longitudinal treatment monitoring. However, automated, objective, and quantitative tools for non-invasive assessment of meningiomas on multi-sequence MR images are not available. Here we present the BraTS Pre-operative Meningioma Dataset, as the largest multi-institutional expert annotated multilabel meningioma multi-sequence MR image dataset to date. This dataset includes 1,141 multi-sequence MR images from six sites, each with four structural MRI sequences (T2-, T2/FLAIR-, pre-contrast T1-, and post-contrast T1-weighted) accompanied by expert manually refined segmentations of three distinct meningioma sub-compartments: enhancing tumor, non-enhancing tumor, and surrounding non-enhancing T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. Basic demographic data are provided including age at time of initial imaging, sex, and CNS WHO grade. The goal of releasing this dataset is to facilitate the development of automated computational methods for meningioma segmentation and expedite their incorporation into clinical practice, ultimately targeting improvement in the care of meningioma patients.

Published
2024

19. Strain relaxation and multidentate anchoring in n-type perovskite transistors and logic circuits

Author

Bukke, Ravindra Naik, Syzgantseva, Olga A., A. Syzgantseva, Maria, Aidinis, Konstantinos, Soultati, Anastasia, Verykios, Apostolis, Tountas, Marinos, Psycharis, Vassilis, Alshahrani, Thamraa, Ullah, Habib, P. Zorba, Leandros, C. Vougioukalakis, Georgios, Wang, Jianxiao, Bao, Xichang, Jang, Jin, Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja, Vasilopoulou, Maria, and Mohd Yusoff, Abd. Rashid bin

Published
2024
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20. Chasing Gravitational Waves with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Green, Jarred Gershon, Carosi, Alessandro, Nava, Lara, Patricelli, Barbara, Schüssler, Fabian, Seglar-Arroyo, Monica, Consortium, Cta, Abe, Kazuki, Abe, Shotaro, Acharyya, Atreya, Adam, Remi, Aguasca-Cabot, Arnau, Agudo, Ivan, Alfaro, Jorge, Alvarez-Crespo, Nuria, Batista, Rafael Alves, Amans, Jean-Philippe, Amato, Elena, Ambrosino, Filippo, Angüner, Ekrem Oguzhan, Antonelli, Lucio Angelo, Aramo, Carla, Arcaro, Cornelia, Arrabito, Luisa, Asano, Katsuaki, Aschersleben, Jann, Ashkar, Halim, Stuani, Luiz Augusto, Baack, Dominik, Backes, Michael, Balazs, Csaba, Balbo, Matteo, Larriva, Andres Baquero, Martins, Victor Barbosa, de Almeida, Ulisses Barres, Barrio, Juan Abel, Bastieri, Denis, Batista, Pedro Ivo, Batković, Ivana, Batzofin, Rowan William, Baxter, Joshua Ryo, Beck, Geoffrey, Tjus, Julia Becker, Beiske, Lukas, Belardinelli, Daniele, Benbow, Wystan, Bernardini, Elisa, Medrano, Juan Bernete, Bernlöhr, Konrad, Berti, Alessio, Beshley, Vasyl, Bhattacharjee, Pooja, Bhattacharyya, Saptashwa, Bi, Baiyang, Biederbeck, Noah, Biland, Adrian, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Blanch, Oscar, Blazek, Jiri, Boisson, Catherine, Bolmont, Julien, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Bordas, Pol, Bošnjak, Željka, Bradascio, Federica, Braiding, Catherine, Bronzini, Ettore, Brose, Robert, Brown, Anthony M., Brun, Francois, Brunelli, Giulia, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Burelli, Irene, Burmistrov, Leonid, Burton, Michael, Bylund, Tomas, Calisse, Paolo Gherardo, Campoy-Ordaz, Anna, Cantlay, Brandon Khan, Capalbi, Milvia, Caproni, Anderson, Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Roberto, Carlile, Colin, Caroff, Sami, Carosi, Roberto, Carrasco, Marie-Sophie, Cascone, Enrico, Cassol, Franca, Castrejon, Noelia, Catalani, Fernando, Cerasole, Davide, Cerruti, Matteo, Chaty, Sylvain, Chen, Andrew W, Chernyakova, Maria, Chiavassa, Andrea, Chudoba, Jiří, Araujo, Carlos Henrique Coimbra, Conforti, Vito, Conte, Francesco, Contreras, Jose Luis, Cossou, Christophe, Costa, Alessandro, Costantini, Heide, Cristofari, Pierre, Cuevas, Omar, Curtis-Ginsberg, Zachary, D'Amico, Giacomo, D'Ammando, Filippo, Dadina, Mauro, Dalchenko, Mykhailo, David, Ludovic, Davids, Isak Delberth, Dazzi, Francesco, De Angelis, Alessandro, de Lavergne, Mathieu de Bony, De Caprio, Vincenzo, De Cesare, Giovanni, Pino, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal, De Lotto, Barbara, de Lucia, Mario, de Menezes, Raniere, de Naurois, Mathieu, Wilhelmi, Emma de Oña, De Simone, Nicola, de Souza, Vitor, Del Peral, Luis, del Valle, Maria Victoria, Delagnes, Eric, Giler, Andres Gabriel Delgado, Delgado, Carlos, Dell'aiera, Michael, Della Ceca, Roberto, Della Valle, Massimo, Della Volpe, Domenico, Depaoli, Davide, Dettlaff, Antonios, Di Girolamo, Tristano, Di Piano, Ambra, Di Pierro, Federico, Di Tria, Riccardo, Di Venere, Leonardo, Díaz-Bahamondes, Christian, Dib, Claudio, Diebold, Sebastian, Dima, Razvan, Dinesh, Adithiya, Djannati-Ataï, Arache, Djuvsland, Julia Isabel, Dominguez, Alberto, Dominik, Rune Michael, Donini, Alice, Dorner, Daniela, Dörner, Julien, Doro, Michele, Anjos, Rita de Cassia dos, Dournaux, Jean-Laurent, Dravins, Dainis, Duangchan, Chaimongkol, Dubos, Coline, Ducci, Lozenzo, Dwarkadas, Vikram V., Ebr, Jan, Eckner, Christopher, Egberts, Kathrin, Einecke, Sabrina, Elsässer, Dominik, Emery, Gabriel, Godoy, Miguel Escobar, Escudero, Juan, Esposito, Paolo, Falceta-Gonçalves, Diego, Ramazani, Vandad Fallah, Faure, Alice, Fedorova, Elena, Fegan, Stephen, Feijen, Kirsty, Feng, Qi, Ferrand, Gilles, Ferrarotto, Fabio, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Fiasson, Armand, Fioretti, Valentina, Foffano, Luca, Guiteras, Lluis Font, Fontaine, Gerard, Fröse, Stefan, Fukami, Satoshi, Fukui, Yasuo, Funk, Stefan, Gaggero, Daniele, Galanti, Giorgio, Galaz, Gaspar, Gallant, Yves A., Gallozzi, Stefano, Gammaldi, Viviana, Gasbarra, Claudio, Gaug, Markus, Ghalumyan, Arsen, Gianotti, Fulvio, Giarrusso, Marina, Giglietto, Nicola, Giordano, Francesco, Giuliani, Andrea, Glicenstein, Jean-Francois, Glombitza, Jonas, Goldoni, Paolo, González, José Mauricio, González, Maria Magdalena, Coelho, Jaziel Goulart, Granot, Jonathan, Grasso, Dario, Haro, Roger Grau, Green, David, Greenshaw, Tim, Grolleron, Guillaume, Grube, Jeff, Gueta, Orel, Gunji, Shuichi, Hadasch, Daniela, Hamal, Petr, Hanlon, William, Hara, Satoshi, Harvey, Violet M., Hashiyama, Kazuaki, Hassan, Tarek, Heller, Matthieu, Cadena, Sergio Hernández, Hie, Jonathan, Hiroshima, Nagisa, Hnatyk, Bohdan, Hnatyk, Roman, Hoffmann, Dirk, Hofmann, Werner, Holler, Markus, Horan, Deirdre, Horvath, Pavel, Hovatta, Talvikki, Hrupec, Dario, Hussain, Saqib, Iarlori, Marco, Inada, Tomohiro, Incardona, Federico, Inome, Yusuke, Inoue, Susumu, Iocco, Fabio, Ishio, Kazuma, Jamrozy, Marek, Janecek, Petr, Jankowsky, Felix, Jarnot, Christian, Jean, Pierre, Martínez, Irene Jiménez, Jin, Weidong, Jocou, Laurent, Juramy-Gilles, Claire, Jurysek, Jakub, KALEKIN, Oleg, Kantzas, Dimitrios, Karas, Vladimir, Kaufmann, Sarah, Kerszberg, Daniel, Khelifi, Bruno, Kieda, David B, Kleiner, Tobias Kai, Kluźniak, Włodzimierz, Kobayashi, Yukiho, Kohri, Kazunori, Komin, Nukri, Kornecki, Paula, Kosack, Karl, Kubo, Hidetoshi, Kushida, Junko, La Barbera, Antonino, La Palombara, Nicola, Lainez, Maria, Lamastra, Alessandra, Lapington, Jon S, Lazarevic, Sanja, Lazendic-Galloway, Jasmina, Leach, Steven, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Lenain, Jean-Philippe, Leto, Giuseppe, Leuschner, Fabian, Lindfors, Elina, Linhoff, Maximilian, Liodakis, Ioannis, Loïc, Lozach, Lombardi, Saverio, Longo, Francesco, López-Coto, Rubén, López-Moya, Marcos, López-Oramas, Alicia, Loporchio, Serena, Bahilo, Julio Lozano, Luque-Escamilla, Pedro L., Macias, Oscar, Maier, Gernot, Majumdar, Pratik, Malyshev, Denys, Malyshev, Dmitry, Mandat, Dusan, Manicò, Giulio, Marinos, Peter David, Markoff, Sera, Márquez, Isabel, Marquez, Patricia, Marsella, Giovanni, Martí, Josep, Martin, Pierrick, Martínez, Gustavo Augusto, Martínez, Manel, Martinez, Oibar, Marty, Christophe, Mas-Aguilar, Alvaro, Mastropietro, Michele, Maurin, Gilles, Max-Moerbeck, Walter, Mazin, Daniel, Melkumyan, David, Menchiari, Stefano, Mestre, Enrique, Meunier, Jean-Luc, Meyer, Dominique M. -A., Miceli, Davide, Michailidis, Miltiadis, Michałowski, Jerzy, Miener, Tjark, Miranda, Jose Miguel, Mitchell, Alison, Mizote, Masaya, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Moderski, Rafal, Mohrmann, Lars, Molero, Miguel, Molfese, Cesare, Molina, Edgar, Montaruli, Teresa, Moralejo, Abelardo, Morcuende, Daniel, Morik, Katharina, Morselli, Aldo, Moulin, Emmanuel, Zamanillo, Victor Moya, Mukherjee, Reshmi, Munari, Kevin, Muraczewski, Adam, Muraishi, Hiroshi, Nakamori, Takeshi, Nayak, Amrit, Nemmen, Rodrigo, Nickel, Lukas, Niemiec, Jacek, Nieto, Daniel, Rosillo, Mireia Nievas, Nikołajuk, Marek, Nishijima, Kyoshi, Noda, Koji, Nosek, Dalibor, Novosyadlyj, Bohdan, Novotný, Vladimír, Nozaki, Seiya, O'Brien, Paul, Ohishi, Michiko, Ohtani, Yoshiki, Okumura, Akira, Olive, Jean-François, Olmi, Barbara, Ong, Rene A., Orienti, Monica, Orito, Reiko, Orlandini, Mauro, Orlando, Elena, Ostrowski, Michal, Otte, Nepomuk, Oya, Igor, Pagano, Isabella, Pagliaro, Antonio, Palatiello, Michele, Panebianco, Gabriele, Paredes, Josep M., Parmiggiani, Nicolò, Patel, Sonal Ramesh, Pavlović, Dijana, Pe'er, Asaf, Pech, Miroslav, Pecimotika, Mario, Peresano, Michele, Pérez-Romero, Judit, Peron, Giada, Persic, Massimo, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Petruk, Oleh, Pfeifle, Felix, Pintore, Fabio, Pirola, Giorgio, Pittori, Carlotta, Plard, Cyann, Podobnik, Franjo, Pohl, Martin, Pons, Estelle, Prandini, Elisa, Prast, Julie, Principe, Giacomo, Priyadarshi, Chaitanya, Produit, Nicolas, Prokhorov, Dmitry, Pueschel, Elisa, Pühlhofer, Gerd, Pumo, Maria Letizia, Punch, Michael, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Raino, Silvia, Randazzo, Nunzio, Rando, Riccardo, Ravel, Thierry, Razzaque, Soebur, Regeard, Maxime, Reichherzer, Patrick, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reisenegger, Andreas, Reposeur, Thierry, Reville, Brian, Rhode, Wolfgang, Ribó, Marc, Richtler, Tom, Rieger, Frank, Roache, Emmet, Fernandez, Gonzalo Rodriguez, Frías, Maria Dolores Rodríguez, Rodríguez-Vázquez, Juan José, Romano, Patrizia, Romeo, Giuseppe, Rosado, Jaime, Rowell, Gavin P, Rudak, Bronislaw, Ruiter, Ashley J., Rulten, Cameron Boyd, Russo, Federico, Sadeh, Iftach, Saha, Lab, Saito, Takayuki, Sakurai, Shunsuke, Salzmann, Heiko, Sanchez, David, Sanchez-Conde, Miguel, Sangiorgi, Pierluca, Sano, Hidetoshi, Santander, Marcos, Santangelo, Andrea, Santos-Lima, Reinaldo, Sanuy, Andreu, Šarić, Toni, Sarkar, Arkadipta, Sarkar, Subir, Saturni, Francesco Gabriele, Savchenko, Volodymyr, Scherer, Andres, Schipani, Pietro, Schleicher, Bernd, Schovanek, Petr, Schubert, Jan Lukas, Schwanke, Ullrich, Schwefer, Georg, Scuderi, Salvatore, Arroyo, Monica Seglar, Seitenzahl, Ivo, Sergijenko, Olga, Sguera, Vito, Shang, Ruo-Yu, Sharma, Pooja, Sidibe, Guereguin Der Sylvestre, Sidoli, Lara, Siejkowski, Hubert, Siqueira, Clarissa, Sizun, Patrick, Sliusar, Vitalii, Slowikowska, Agnieszka, Sol, Helene, Specovius, Andreas, Spencer, Samuel Timothy, Spiga, Daniele, Stamerra, Antonio, Stanič, Samo, Starecki, Tomasz, Starling, Rhaana, Steppa, Constantin, Stolarczyk, Thierry, Strišković, Jelena, Strzys, Marcel C., Suda, Yusuke, Suomijarvi, Tiina, Tak, Donggeun, Takahashi, Mitsunari, Takeishi, Ryuji, Tam, Pak-Hin Thomas, Tanaka, Shuta J, Tanaka, Takaaki, Terauchi, Kenta, Testa, Vincenzo, Tibaldo, Luigi, Tibolla, Omar, Torradeflot, Francesc, Torres, Diego F., Torresi, Eleonora, Tothill, Nick, Toussenel, Francois, Touzard, Victoria, Tramacere, Andrea, Travnicek, Petr, Tripodo, Giovanni, Truzzi, Stefano, Tsiahina, Adellain, Tutone, Antonio, Vacula, Martin, Vallage, Bertrand, Vallania, Piero, Vallés, Ramon, van Eldik, Christopher, van Scherpenberg, Juliane, Vandenbroucke, Justin, Vassiliev, Vladimir, Venault, Philippe, Ventura, Sofia, Vercellone, Stefano, Verna, Gaia, Viana, Aion, Viaux, Nicolás, Vigliano, Alessandro, Vignatti, Jonatan, Vigorito, Carlo francesco, Vitale, Vincenzo, Vodeb, Veronika, Voisin, Vincent, Vorobiov, Serguei, Voutsinas, Georgios Gerasimos, Vovk, Ievgen, Waegebaert, Vincent, Wagner, Stefan Joachim, Walter, Roland, Ward, Martin, Wechakama, Maneenate, White, Richard, Wierzcholska, Alicja, Will, Martin, Williams, David A., Wohlleben, Frederik, Wolter, Anna, Yamamoto, Tokonatsu, Yamazaki, Ryo, Yang, Lili, Yoshida, Tatsuo, Yoshikoshi, Takanori, Zacharias, Michael, Sanchez, Ricardo Zanmar, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Zech, Andreas, Zhdanov, Valery I., Ziȩtara, Krzysztof, Živec, Miha, and Zuriaga-Puig, Jaume

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star merger by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (GW170817), along with the discovery of the electromagnetic counterparts of this gravitational wave event, ushered in a new era of multimessenger astronomy, providing the first direct evidence that BNS mergers are progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Such events may also produce very-high-energy (VHE, > 100GeV) photons which have yet to be detected in coincidence with a gravitational wave signal. The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a next-generation VHE observatory which aims to be indispensable in this search, with an unparalleled sensitivity and ability to slew anywhere on the sky within a few tens of seconds. New observing modes and follow-up strategies are being developed for CTA to rapidly cover localization areas of gravitational wave events that are typically larger than the CTA field of view. This work will evaluate and provide estimations on the expected number of of gravitational wave events that will be observable with CTA, considering both on- and off-axis emission. In addition, we will present and discuss the prospects of potential follow-up strategies with CTA., Comment: Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023), 2023 (arXiv:2309.08219)

Published
2023

21. Discovery of a Radiation Component from the Vela Pulsar Reaching 20 Teraelectronvolts

Author

Collaboration, The H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J. -P., Feijen, K., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, OBrien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Pita, S., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Salzmann, H., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tavernier, T., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tluczykont, M., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Yassin, H., Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Zanin, R., Kerr, M., Johnston, S., Shannon, R. M., and Smith, D. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Gamma-ray observations have established energetic isolated pulsars as outstanding particle accelerators and antimatter factories in the Galaxy. There is, however, no consensus regarding the acceleration mechanisms and the radiative processes at play, nor the locations where these take place. The spectra of all observed gamma-ray pulsars to date show strong cutoffs or a break above energies of a few gigaelectronvolt (GeV). Using the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes, we discovered a novel radiation component emerging beyond this generic GeV cutoff in the Vela pulsar's broadband spectrum. The extension of gamma-ray pulsation energies up to at least 20 teraelectronvolts (TeV) shows that Vela pulsar can accelerate particles to Lorentz factors higher than $4\times10^7$. This is an order of magnitude larger than in the case of the Crab pulsar, the only other pulsar detected in the TeV energy range. Our results challenge the state-of-the-art models for high-energy emission of pulsars while providing a new probe, i.e. the energetic multi-TeV component, for constraining the acceleration and emission processes in their extreme energy limit., Comment: 38 pages, 6 figures. This preprint has not undergone peer review or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this article is published in Nature Astronomy, Nat Astron (2023), and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-02052-3

Published
2023
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22. Comprehensive analysis of PFAS presence from environment to plate

Author

Maria-Eleni Dimitrakopoulou, Manos Karvounis, George Marinos, Zacharoula Theodorakopoulou, Eleni Aloizou, George Petsangourakis, Mihalis Papakonstantinou, and Giannis Stoitsis

Subjects
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose an emerging environmental risk impacting food products and ecosystems. This study analyzes over 150,000 entries from food safety authorities and scientific publications from 2017 onwards. Our findings show that fish & seafood, and biota have the highest PFAS concentrations due to environmental contamination and bioaccumulation. Surface water samples also frequently contain PFAS, raising concerns about long-term ecological and human health effects. Comprehensive strategies are essential to mitigate these risks.

Published
2024
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23. Hard X-ray imaging and tomography at the Biomedical Imaging and Therapy beamlines of Canadian Light Source

Author

Sergey Gasilov, M. Adam Webb, Arash Panahifar, Ning Zhu, Omar Marinos, Toby Bond, David M. L. Cooper, and Dean Chapman

Subjects
hard x-rays, microtomography, in vivo imaging, time-resolved studies, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

The Biomedical Imaging and Therapy facility of the Canadian Light Source comprises two beamlines, which together cover a wide X-ray energy range from 13 keV up to 140 keV. The beamlines were designed with a focus on synchrotron applications in preclinical imaging and veterinary science as well as microbeam radiation therapy. While these remain a major part of the activities of both beamlines, a number of recent upgrades have enhanced the versatility and performance of the beamlines, particularly for high-resolution microtomography experiments. As a result, the user community has been quickly expanding to include researchers in advanced materials, batteries, fuel cells, agriculture, and environmental studies. This article summarizes the beam properties, describes the endstations together with the detector pool, and presents several application cases of the various X-ray imaging techniques available to users.

Published
2024
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24. Assessing the groundwater quality of El Fahs aquifer (NE Tunisia) using multivariate statistical techniques and geostatistical modeling

Author

Constantinos F. Panagiotou, Anis Chekirbane, Marinos Eliades, Christiana Papoutsa, Evangelos Akylas, Marinos Stylianou, and Nikolaos Stathopoulos

Subjects
Groundwater quality, Clustering analysis, Principal component analysis, Indicator kriging, Tunisia, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, TD201-500
Abstract

Abstract This study is the first attempt to characterize the quality status of El Fahs aquifer by combining graphical tools, multivariate statistical techniques and traditional geostatistical methods. Water samples are collected from thirty-six observation wells during April 2016 to characterize the physicochemical properties of the aquifer. Subsequently, these samples are partitioned into three hydrochemically distinct water classes (i.e., C1, C2, and C3) using the K-means clustering method. Principal Component Analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset prior performing the clustering computations, resulting in clusters of higher quality than the non-reduced case in terms of Silhouette coefficient. Piper diagram is used to display the chemical composition of the samples, revealing the dominant role of Mg–Ca–Cl water type for all three classes, whereas Sodium and Sulfate were found to be the second most important cations and anions respectively. Indicator kriging (IK) is used to identify the probability of occurrence of the hydrochemical classes beyond the sampling locations. It is found that Class 1, associated with fresh groundwater component, is most probable to occur at the central part of the plain, mainly due to the presence of a dense hydrological network, whereas Classes 2 (agricultural activities) and 3 (dissolution of evaporate geological formations) are expected to occur at the southern and northern regions respectively. IK also identified the regions associated with high levels of uncertainty, mostly occurring in a large portion of the northern area due to the absence of available hydrochemical information. The results showed that integration of graphical methods, multivariate statistical techniques and geostatistical modeling, is an efficient approach for characterizing the hydrochemical status of the aquifer system, to spatially optimize the groundwater monitoring well networks and quantify the uncertainty levels of the water classes in a systematic way.

Published
2024
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26. PHOENI2X -- A European Cyber Resilience Framework With Artificial-Intelligence-Assisted Orchestration, Automation and Response Capabilities for Business Continuity and Recovery, Incident Response, and Information Exchange

Author

Fysarakis, Konstantinos, Lekidis, Alexios, Mavroeidis, Vasileios, Lampropoulos, Konstantinos, Lyberopoulos, George, Vidal, Ignasi Garcia-Milà, Casals, José Carles Terés i, Luna, Eva Rodriguez, Sancho, Alejandro Antonio Moreno, Mavrelos, Antonios, Tsantekidis, Marinos, Pape, Sebastian, Chatzopoulou, Argyro, Nanou, Christina, Drivas, George, Photiou, Vangelis, Spanoudakis, George, and Koufopavlou, Odysseas

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

As digital technologies become more pervasive in society and the economy, cybersecurity incidents become more frequent and impactful. According to the NIS and NIS2 Directives, EU Member States and their Operators of Essential Services must establish a minimum baseline set of cybersecurity capabilities and engage in cross-border coordination and cooperation. However, this is only a small step towards European cyber resilience. In this landscape, preparedness, shared situational awareness, and coordinated incident response are essential for effective cyber crisis management and resilience. Motivated by the above, this paper presents PHOENI2X, an EU-funded project aiming to design, develop, and deliver a Cyber Resilience Framework providing Artificial-Intelligence-assisted orchestration, automation and response capabilities for business continuity and recovery, incident response, and information exchange, tailored to the needs of Operators of Essential Services and the EU Member State authorities entrusted with cybersecurity.

Published
2023

34. Constraining the cosmic-ray pressure in the inner Virgo Cluster using H.E.S.S. observations of M 87

Author

Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Arcaro, C., Aschersleben, J., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Cecil, R., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Egberts, K., Ernenwein, J. -P., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Holch, T. L., Horns, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Pita, S., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Velasco, E. Ruiz, Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schäfer, J., Schüssler, F., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., van Soelen, B., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Żywucka, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The origin of the gamma-ray emission from M87 is currently a matter of debate. This work aims to localize the VHE (100 GeV-100 TeV) gamma-ray emission from M87 and probe a potential extended hadronic emission component in the inner Virgo Cluster. The search for a steady and extended gamma-ray signal around M87 can constrain the cosmic-ray energy density and the pressure exerted by the cosmic rays onto the intra-cluster medium, and allow us to investigate the role of the cosmic rays in the active galactic nucleus feedback as a heating mechanism in the Virgo Cluster. H.E.S.S. telescopes are sensitive to VHE gamma rays and have been utilized to observe M87 since 2004. We utilized a Bayesian block analysis to identify M87 emission states with H.E.S.S. observations from 2004 until 2021, dividing them into low, intermediate, and high states. Because of the causality argument, an extended ($\gtrsim$kpc) signal is allowed only in steady emission states. Hence, we fitted the morphology of the 120h low state data and found no significant gamma-ray extension. Therefore, we derived for the low state an upper limit of 58"(corresponding to $\approx$4.6kpc) in the extension of a single-component morphological model described by a rotationally symmetric 2D Gaussian model at 99.7% confidence level. Our results exclude the radio lobes ($\approx$30 kpc) as the principal component of the VHE gamma-ray emission from the low state of M87. The gamma-ray emission is compatible with a single emission region at the radio core of M87. These results, with the help of two multiple-component models, constrain the maximum cosmic-ray to thermal pressure ratio $X_{{CR,max.}}$$\lesssim$$0.32$ and the total energy in cosmic-ray protons (CRp) to $U_{CR}$$\lesssim$5$\times10^{58}$ erg in the inner 20kpc of the Virgo Cluster for an assumed CRp power-law distribution in momentum with spectral index $\alpha_{p}$=2.1., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: Victor Barbosa Martins, Stefan Ohm, Cornelia Arcaro, Natalia \.Zywucka, Mathieu de Naurois

Published
2023
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35. Detection of extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with H.E.S.S

Author

Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Scheidlin, C. Burger, Cangemi, F., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Devin, J., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. P., Feijen, K., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Füssling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schüssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Vecchi, M., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Żywucka, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Geminga is an enigmatic radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar located at a mere 250 pc distance from Earth. Extended very-high-energy gamma-ray emission around the pulsar was discovered by Milagro and later confirmed by HAWC, which are both water Cherenkov detector-based experiments. However, evidence for the Geminga pulsar wind nebula in gamma rays has long evaded detection by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) despite targeted observations. The detection of gamma-ray emission on angular scales > 2 deg poses a considerable challenge for the background estimation in IACT data analysis. With recent developments in understanding the complementary background estimation techniques of water Cherenkov and atmospheric Cherenkov instruments, the H.E.S.S. IACT array can now confirm the detection of highly extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with a radius of at least 3 deg in the energy range 0.5-40 TeV. We find no indications for statistically significant asymmetries or energy-dependent morphology. A flux normalisation of $(2.8\pm0.7)\times10^{-12}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$TeV$^{-1}$ at 1 TeV is obtained within a 1 deg radius region around the pulsar. To investigate the particle transport within the halo of energetic leptons around the pulsar, we fitted an electron diffusion model to the data. The normalisation of the diffusion coefficient obtained of $D_0 = 7.6^{+1.5}_{-1.2} \times 10^{27}$ cm$^2$s$^{-1}$, at an electron energy of 100 TeV, is compatible with values previously reported for the pulsar halo around Geminga, which is considerably below the Galactic average., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2023
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36. DBO: Response Time Fairness for Cloud-Hosted Financial Exchanges

Author

Goyal, Prateesh, Gupta, Eashan, Marinos, Ilias, Zhao, Chenxingyu, Mittal, Radhika, and Chandra, Ranveer

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

In this paper, we consider the problem of hosting financial exchanges in the cloud. Financial exchanges require predictable, equal latency to all market participants to ensure fairness for various tasks, such as high speed trading. However, it is extremely difficult to ensure equal latency to all market participants in existing cloud deployments, because of various reasons, such as congestion, and unequal network paths. In this paper, we address the unfairness that stems from lack of determinism in cloud networks. We argue that predictable or bounded latency is not necessary to achieve fairness. Inspired by the use of logical clocks in distributed systems, we present Delivery Based Ordering (DBO), a new approach that ensures fairness by instead correcting for differences in latency to the participants. We evaluate DBO both in our hardware test bed and in a public cloud deployment and demonstrate that it is feasible to achieve guaranteed fairness and sub-100 microsecond latency while operating at high transaction rates.

Published
2023

37. Search for the evaporation of primordial black holes with H.E.S.S

Author

collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Boettcher, M., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzo, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bi, B., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Borowska, J., Bradascio, F., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Caro, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, O., Cotter, G., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Atai, A., Egberts, K., van Eldik, C., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fussling, M., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Gabici, S., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Haupt, M., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzynski, K., Khelifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Holch, T. L., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemiere, A., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marinos, P., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., O'Brien, P., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Puehlhofer, G., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Noel, A. Priyana, Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, O., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ricarte, H. Rueda, Sahakian, V., Salzmann, H., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tavernier, T., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Zywucka, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes predicted to have been formed from density fluctuations in the early Universe. PBHs with an initial mass around $10^{14}-10^{15}$g are expected to end their evaporation at present times in a burst of particles and very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. Those gamma rays may be detectable by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. This paper reports on the search for evaporation bursts of VHE gamma rays with H.E.S.S., ranging from 10 to 120 seconds, as expected from the final stage of PBH evaporation and using a total of 4816 hours of observations. The most constraining upper limit on the burst rate of local PBHs is $2000$ pc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ for a burst interval of 120 seconds, at the 95\% confidence level. The implication of these measurements for PBH dark matter are also discussed., Comment: Accepted for publication in JCAP, corresponding authors: F.Brun, J-F. Glicenstein, V. Marandon, T. Tavernier

Published
2023
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38. Spray-Coated Transition Metal Dichalcogenides as Hole Transport Layers in Inverted NFA-Based Organic Photovoltaics with Enhanced Stability under Solar and Artificial Light

Author

Marinos Tountas, Katerina Anagnostou, Evangelos Sotiropoulos, Christos Polyzoidis, and Emmanuel Kymakis

Subjects
organic photovoltaics (OPVs), indoor organic photovoltaics (iOPVs), transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), liquid phase exfoliation (LPE), spray-coating, Physics, QC1-999, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

In this study, we explored the potential of exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as innovative spray-coated hole transport layers (HTLs) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), addressing the need for efficient and stable materials in solar cell technology. This research was motivated by the need for alternative HTLs that can offer enhanced performance under varying lighting conditions, particularly in indoor environments. Employing UV-visible absorption and Raman spectroscopy, we characterized the optical properties of MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, confirming their distinct excitonic transitions and direct bandgap features. The nanocrystalline nature of these TMDs, revealed through XRD patterns and crystallite size estimation using the Scherrer method, significantly contributes to their enhanced physical properties and operational efficiency as HTLs in OPVs. These TMDs were then integrated into OPV devices and evaluated under standard solar and indoor lighting conditions, to assess their effectiveness as HTLs. The results demonstrated that MoS2, in particular, displayed remarkable performance, rivalling traditional HTL materials like MoO3. It maintained high power conversion efficiency across a spectrum of light intensities, illustrating its versatility for both outdoor and indoor applications. Additionally, MoS2 showed superior stability over extended periods, suggesting its potential for long-term usage in OPVs. This study contributes significantly to the field of photovoltaic materials, presenting TMDs, especially MoS2, as promising candidates for efficient and stable OPVs in diverse lighting conditions, thereby broadening the scope of solar cell applications.

Published
2024
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39. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Elite Swimmers and Water Polo Players: Lessons for the Future

Author

Georgios Marinos, Dimitrios Lamprinos, Michail Papapanou, Anastasia Sofroni, Anastasia Papaioannou, Dionysios-Nikolaos Miletis, Paraskevi Deligiorgi, Kostas A. Papavassiliou, Gerasimos Siasos, Evangelos Oikonomou, George Rachiotis, Konstantinos Tsamakis, and Dimitrios Schizas

Subjects
COVID-19, elite aquatic athletes, mental health, pandemic, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted global daily life, including the world of elite athletes. This paper examines the multifaceted impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on elite swimmers and water polo athletes, specifically their mental health, their concerns over the virus, their intentions of getting vaccinated, and sleep disturbances that they may have faced. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on elite swimmers and water polo players, using an anonymous questionnaire. Results: A total of 200 elite athletes participated. The majority of the participants reported a negative impact on their mental health, screened positive for insomnia (n = 107 (53.5%), with females (n = 101; 57.7%), swimmers (n = 100, 66.7%), and university students (n = 71, 71.7%) being more vulnerable (p < 0.001). Concerns about contracting the disease especially during important training or tournament periods and potential career disruption also affected their psychological well-being. While the majority (75%) had the intention of getting vaccinated, an alarming percentage was yet uncertain over its decision. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant psychological distress faced by elite aquatic athletes during the pandemic. It emphasizes the difficulties faced by elite swimmers and water polo athletes and determines not only the importance of addressing the vaccination intentions of athletes, but also how critical it is to confront the challenges they face both for their personal health and for the restoration of world sports to their pre-pandemic state. More large-scale studies are required to inform policies targeted at minimizing disruption to the athletes’ career, provision of information on preventive measures and vaccination, and improvement in psychological well-being in case of similar major public health issues in the future. Additionally, this study calls for further research to explore the unique challenges faced by aquatic athletes, such as those related to their training environments and fear of contagion, to better support them in future public health crises.

Published
2024
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40. Undergraduates' Barriers to Online Learning during the Pandemic in Greece

Author

Anastasakis, Marinos, Triantafyllou, Georgios, and Petridis, Konstantinos

Abstract

In this paper we explore the difficulties undergraduates from Greek Higher Educational Institutions faced during the transition to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing qualitative data from an online survey (N = 2093), we were able to identify the barriers undergraduates encountered during this transition and make inferences about the quality of the way online learning was implemented. The most frequently reported barriers include problems that undergraduates perceived as being caused by their lecturers, internet connection issues during an online lecture and the perceived limited social interactions that synchronous environments can afford. The paper argues that the way online learning was implemented by Greek Higher Educational Institutions did not result a meaningful learning experience for undergraduates. Our results are relevant to universities that are either forced in implementing emergency online protocols or wish to support their undergraduates' learning experience.

Published
2023
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41. HESS J1809$-$193: a halo of escaped electrons around a pulsar wind nebula?

Author

Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Batzofin, R., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borowska, J., Bouyahiaoui, M., Bradascio, F., Breuhaus, M., Brose, R., Brun, F., Bruno, B., Bulik, T., Burger-Scheidlin, C., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Casanova, S., Celic, J., Cerruti, M., Chambery, P., Chand, T., Chen, A., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene, Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Feijen, K., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Funk, S., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Ghafourizadeh, S., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Goswami, P., Grolleron, G., Grondin, M. -H., Haerer, L., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huang, Zhiqiu, Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, F., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khélifi, B., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Lang, R. G., Stum, S. Le, Leitl, F., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leuschner, F., Lohse, T., Luashvili, A., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Marinos, P., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Mitchell, A., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Nakashima, K., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., Noel, A. Priyana, Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., Wilhelmi, E. de Ona, Ostrowski, M., Panny, S., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Prokhorov, D. A., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Reville, B., Rieger, F., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Shapopi, J. N. S., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Stawarz, Ł., Steenkamp, R., Steinmassl, S., Sushch, I., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Terrier, R., Thorpe-Morgan, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Uchiyama, Y., van Eldik, C., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vink, J., Wach, T., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Zacharias, M., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zouari, S., and Żywucka, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Context. HESS J1809$-$193 is an unassociated very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray source located on the Galactic plane. While it has been connected to the nebula of the energetic pulsar PSR J1809$-$1917, supernova remnants and molecular clouds present in the vicinity also constitute possible associations. Recently, the detection of $\gamma$-ray emission up to energies of $\sim$100 TeV with the HAWC observatory has led to renewed interest in HESS J1809$-$193. Aims. We aim to understand the origin of the $\gamma$-ray emission of HESS J1809$-$193. Methods. We analysed 93.2 h of data taken on HESS J1809$-$193 above 0.27 TeV with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), using a multi-component, three-dimensional likelihood analysis. In addition, we provide a new analysis of 12.5 yr of Fermi-LAT data above 1 GeV within the region of HESS J1809$-$193. The obtained results are interpreted in a time-dependent modelling framework. Results. For the first time, we were able to resolve the emission detected with H.E.S.S. into two components: an extended component that exhibits a spectral cut-off at $\sim$13 TeV, and a compact component that is located close to PSR J1809$-$1917 and shows no clear spectral cut-off. The Fermi-LAT analysis also revealed extended $\gamma$-ray emission, on scales similar to that of the extended H.E.S.S. component. Conclusions. Our modelling indicates that based on its spectrum and spatial extent, the extended H.E.S.S. component is likely caused by inverse Compton emission from old electrons that form a halo around the pulsar wind nebula. The compact component could be connected to either the pulsar wind nebula or the supernova remnant and molecular clouds. Due to its comparatively steep spectrum, modelling the Fermi-LAT emission together with the H.E.S.S. components is not straightforward. (abridged), Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: Vikas Joshi, Lars Mohrmann

Published
2023
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42. Effects of Perfusion, Coronary Artery Disease Burden, and Revascularization in Establishing Organized Cardiac Rhythm During Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Shockable Refractory Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Author

Ruben Crespo‐Diaz, Marinos Kosmopoulos, Ganesh Raveendran, Sergey Gurevich, Demetris Yannopoulos, and Jason A. Bartos

Subjects
cardiac arrest, coronary artery disease, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, interventional cardiology resuscitation, veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ventricular fibrillation, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background The aspects of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation critical for reestablishing an organized rhythm and subsequent functional survival are unclear. This study characterizes the impact of reperfusion with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) on achieving an organized rhythm in patients with refractory shockable out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods and Results Two hundred eighty‐nine consecutive patients in refractory shockable OHCA were placed on ECMO followed by coronary angiogram (n=289) and PCI (n=165). Patients were grouped based on the extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation stage where a sustained organized rhythm was achieved. Survival outcomes were evaluated by using the Cerebral Performance Category. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between Cerebral Performance Category and timing of organized rhythm. Standard advanced cardiac life support before hospital arrival resulted in 148 of 289 (51%) patients attaining an organized rhythm while 87 of 289 (30%) achieved an organized rhythm post ECMO cannulation but before PCI, and 37 of 289 (13%) achieved an organized rhythm following PCI. Obstructive coronary artery disease was observed in 192 of 289 (66%) patients. A total of 144 of 192 (75%) patients with obstructive coronary artery disease converted to an organized rhythm before PCI and 37 of 192 (19%) following PCI. Cerebral Performance Category score 1 or 2 was significantly more likely in patients with cardiac arrest and obstructive coronary artery disease who achieved an organized rhythm before PCI (odds ratio [OR], 3.9 [95% CI, 1.2–12.0], P=0.024). Conclusions Most patients undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for refractory OHCA due to shockable rhythms achieved an organized rhythm before PCI independent of coronary artery disease burden. Also, neurologically favorable survival was more prevalent in those attaining an organized rhythm before PCI.

Published
2024
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43. Quel rôle jouent les plateformes dans le capital social des nomades numériques ?

Author

Clément Marinos

Subjects
territory, Facebook, digital nomads, social capital, digital social networks, online communities, Geography (General), G1-922, Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration, JV1-9480
Abstract

In this article, we aim to highlight the importance of digital platforms, particularly the social network Facebook, in online relationships among digital nomads. To achieve this, we employ social capital theory, conducting both quantitative and qualitative analyses of user groups and posts. The results reveal a strong geographical dimension in the search for social capital, as well as a relative balance between bridging and bonding capital. We also underscore a limited presence of local actors on the social network, despite the richness of interactions among nomads, preferring virtual relationships among peers.

Published
2024

44. UnityGeoAR: A geolocation Augmented Reality package for Unity3D

Author

Kostas Cheliotis, Fotis Liarokapis, Margarita Kokla, Eleni Tomai, Katerina Pastra, Niki Anastopoulou, Maria Bezerianou, Athanasia Darra, and Marinos Kavouras

Subjects
Augmented Reality, Geospatial, Unity3D, Computer software, QA76.75-76.765
Abstract

Research interest in Augmented Reality (AR) has been steadily increasing in the past decades. However, while we see a wide range of publications implementing AR nowadays, it is often the case that the software is not included in the publication, leading to future research having to re-introduce similar custom AR solutions. We identify one such case, that of geolocated AR, which poses a deceptively complex issue, namely that of correctly aligning a virtual view with geo-referenced material around the user. We present here UnityGeoAR, a package for the widely used game engine Unity3D, that handles geolocation, reprojection, and AR view alignment through a minimal Application Programming Interface (API), in an effort to standardize geo-AR development and reduce development and implementation time for such a widely used aspect of AR.

Published
2024
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45. Mild (34 °C) versus moderate hypothermia (24 °C) in a swine model of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Author

Alexandra M. Marquez, Marinos Kosmopoulos, Rajat Kalra, Tomaz Goslar, Deborah Jaeger, Christopher Gaisendrees, Alejandra Gutierrez, Gregory Carlisle, Tamas Alexy, Sergey Gurevich, Andrea M. Elliott, Marie E. Steiner, Jason A. Bartos, Davis Seelig, and Demetris Yannopoulos

Subjects
ECPR, ECMO, Cardiac arrest, Resuscitation, Hypothermia, Temperature, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Background: The role of hypothermia in post-arrest neuroprotection is controversial. Animal studies suggest potential benefits with lower temperatures, but high-fidelity ECPR models evaluating temperatures below 30 °C are lacking. Objectives: To determine whether rapid cooling to 24 °C initiated upon reperfusion reduces brain injury compared to 34 °C in a swine model of ECPR. Methods: Twenty-four female pigs had electrically induced VF and mechanical CPR for 30 min. Animals were cannulated for VA-ECMO and cooled to either 34 °C for 4 h (n = 8), 24 °C for 1 h with rewarming to 34 °C over 3 h (n = 7), or 24 °C for 4 h without rewarming (n = 9). Cooling was initiated upon VA-ECMO reperfusion by circulating ice water through the oxygenator. Brain temperature and cerebral and systemic hemodynamics were continuously monitored. After four hours on VA-ECMO, brain tissue was obtained for examination. Results: Target brain temperature was achieved within 30 min of reperfusion (p = 0.74). Carotid blood flow was higher in the 24 °C without rewarming group throughout the VA-ECMO period compared to 34 °C and 24 °C with rewarming (p

Published
2024
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46. Critical Infrastructure Protection: Education Should Take Additional Steps to Help Protect K-12 Schools from Cyber Threats. Report to Congressional Requesters. GAO-22-105024

Author

US Government Accountability Office and Marinos, Nick

Abstract

When the COVID-19 pandemic forced the closure of schools across the nation, many K-12 schools moved from in-person to remote education, increasing their dependence on IT and making them potentially more vulnerable to cyberattacks. Education Facilities, including K-12 schools, is one of the nation's critical infrastructure subsectors. Several agencies have a role in protecting the subsector. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) was asked to review cybersecurity in K-12 schools. The objective of this report is to determine the extent that federal agencies have assisted schools in protecting themselves from cyber threats. To do so, GAO identified laws and federal guidance that specify the roles and responsibilities of federal agencies to assist schools in protecting against cyber threats. GAO analyzed documentation of the types of products and services federal agencies have in place to identify, protect, detect, respond, and recover from attacks. In addition, GAO interviewed federal officials about such products and services they offer to K-12 schools.

Published
2021

47. The Steady-State Multi-TeV Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission Predicted with GALPROP and Prospects for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Marinos, P. D., Rowell, G. P., Porter, T. A., and Jóhannesson, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Cosmic Rays (CRs) interact with the diffuse gas, radiation, and magnetic fields in the interstellar medium (ISM) to produce electromagnetic emissions that are a significant component of the all-sky flux across a broad wavelength range. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has measured these emissions at GeV $\gamma$-ray energies with high statistics. Meanwhile, the High-Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescope array has observed large-scale Galactic diffuse emission in the TeV $\gamma$-ray energy range. The emissions observed at GeV and TeV energies are connected by the common origin of the CR particles injected by the sources, but the energy dependence of the mixture from the general ISM (true `diffuse'), those emanating from the relatively nearby interstellar space about the sources, and the sources themselves, is not well understood. In this paper, we investigate predictions of the broadband emissions using the GALPROP code over a grid of steady-state 3D models that include variations over CR sources, and other ISM target distributions. We compare, in particular, the model predictions in the VHE ($\geq$100 GeV) $\gamma$-ray range with the H.E.S.S. Galactic plane survey (HGPS) after carefully subtracting emission from catalogued $\gamma$-ray sources. Accounting for the unresolved source contribution, and the systematic uncertainty of the HGPS, we find that the GALPROP model predictions agree with lower estimates for the HGPS source-subtracted diffuse flux. We discuss the implications of the modelling results for interpretation of data from the next generation Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, Accepted in MNRAS

Published
2022
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48. Mapping gray and white matter volume abnormalities in early-onset psychosis: an ENIGMA multicenter voxel-based morphometry study

Author

Si, Shuqing, Bi, Anbreen, Yu, Zhaoying, See, Cheryl, Kelly, Sinead, Ambrogi, Sonia, Arango, Celso, Baeza, Inmaculada, Banaj, Nerisa, Berk, Michael, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crouse, Jacob J., Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Fett, Anne-Kathrin, Fortea, Adriana, Frangou, Sophia, Goldstein, Benjamin I., Hickie, Ian B., Janssen, Joost, Kennedy, Kody G., Krabbendam, Lydia, Kyriakopoulos, Marinos, MacIntosh, Bradley J., Morgado, Pedro, Nerland, Stener, Pascual-Diaz, Saül, Picó-Pérez, Maria, Piras, Fabrizio, Rund, Bjørn Rishovd, de la Serna, Elena, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Sugranyes, Gisela, Suo, Chao, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Vecchio, Daniela, Radua, Joaquim, McGuire, Philip, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M., Barth, Claudia, Agartz, Ingrid, James, Anthony, and Kempton, Matthew J.

Published
2024
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49. A multi-institutional meningioma MRI dataset for automated multi-sequence image segmentation

Author

Dominic LaBella, Omaditya Khanna, Shan McBurney-Lin, Ryan Mclean, Pierre Nedelec, Arif S. Rashid, Nourel hoda Tahon, Talissa Altes, Ujjwal Baid, Radhika Bhalerao, Yaseen Dhemesh, Scott Floyd, Devon Godfrey, Fathi Hilal, Anastasia Janas, Anahita Kazerooni, Collin Kent, John Kirkpatrick, Florian Kofler, Kevin Leu, Nazanin Maleki, Bjoern Menze, Maxence Pajot, Zachary J. Reitman, Jeffrey D. Rudie, Rachit Saluja, Yury Velichko, Chunhao Wang, Pranav I. Warman, Nico Sollmann, David Diffley, Khanak K. Nandolia, Daniel I Warren, Ali Hussain, John Pascal Fehringer, Yulia Bronstein, Lisa Deptula, Evan G. Stein, Mahsa Taherzadeh, Eduardo Portela de Oliveira, Aoife Haughey, Marinos Kontzialis, Luca Saba, Benjamin Turner, Melanie M. T. Brüßeler, Shehbaz Ansari, Athanasios Gkampenis, David Maximilian Weiss, Aya Mansour, Islam H. Shawali, Nikolay Yordanov, Joel M. Stein, Roula Hourani, Mohammed Yahya Moshebah, Ahmed Magdy Abouelatta, Tanvir Rizvi, Klara Willms, Dann C. Martin, Abdullah Okar, Gennaro D’Anna, Ahmed Taha, Yasaman Sharifi, Shahriar Faghani, Dominic Kite, Marco Pinho, Muhammad Ammar Haider, Michelle Alonso-Basanta, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Andreas M. Rauschecker, Ayman Nada, Mariam Aboian, Adam Flanders, Spyridon Bakas, and Evan Calabrese

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Radiologists, neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, and radiation oncologists rely on brain MRI for diagnosis, treatment planning, and longitudinal treatment monitoring. However, automated, objective, and quantitative tools for non-invasive assessment of meningiomas on multi-sequence MR images are not available. Here we present the BraTS Pre-operative Meningioma Dataset, as the largest multi-institutional expert annotated multilabel meningioma multi-sequence MR image dataset to date. This dataset includes 1,141 multi-sequence MR images from six sites, each with four structural MRI sequences (T2-, T2/FLAIR-, pre-contrast T1-, and post-contrast T1-weighted) accompanied by expert manually refined segmentations of three distinct meningioma sub-compartments: enhancing tumor, non-enhancing tumor, and surrounding non-enhancing T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. Basic demographic data are provided including age at time of initial imaging, sex, and CNS WHO grade. The goal of releasing this dataset is to facilitate the development of automated computational methods for meningioma segmentation and expedite their incorporation into clinical practice, ultimately targeting improvement in the care of meningioma patients.

Published
2024
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50. Characterization of spring and durum wheat using non-destructive synchrotron phase contrast X-ray microtomography during storage

Author

Navanth S. Indore, Chithra Karunakaran, Digvir S. Jayas, Jarvis Stobbs, Miranda Vu, Kaiyang Tu, and Omar Marinos

Subjects
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Abstract Post-harvest losses during cereal grain storage are a big concern in both developing and developed countries, where spring and durum wheat are staple food grains. Varieties under these classes behave differently under storage, which affects their end storage life. High resolution imaging data of dry as well as spoiled seed are not available for any class of wheat; therefore, an attempt was made to generate 3D data for better understanding of seed structure and changes due to spoilage. Six wheat varieties (3 varieties for each class of wheat) were stored for 5 week at 17% moisture content (wb) before scanning. Seeds were also stored in a freezer (-18 °C) for further scanning to determine if any changes occur in the structure of seeds due to freezing. Spring varieties of wheat performed better than durum varieties and freezing did not affect seed structure. Data could also help plant breeders to develop varieties that do not easily spoil, adjust grain processing techniques, and develop post-harvest recommendations for other wheat varieties.

Published
2024
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