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BACKGROUND: Digitalization has transformed the modes of work, communication and collaboration in the workplace, which is a challenge for all organizations, requiring the adaptation of structures, strategies, leadership and management culture. In the study, it is proposed to consider management culture as a potential factor that determines the competitive management of the network structure of supply chains. Despite numerous studies dedicated to supply chains digitalization, there’s lack of researches dedicated to deep investigation of management culture transformation in context of the digitalization of supply chains requires. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to identify the determinants contributing to the transformation of management culture in context of supply chain digitalization. METHODS: The study is conceptual research that links management culture and the supply chain. Based on the evolutionary dynamism of the theory and practice of management culture, two aspects of culture have been identified: national psychology (subjective beliefs) and company potential (values and behaviour of personnel). RESULTS: It is assumed that the most effective culture in context of supply chain digitalization is digital culture as it is focused on the external environment. It has been found that the key determinants of the change are the values and behaviour of the personnel, and as a result, they create an effective approach to the management culture transformation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study allow managers to assess the established organizational culture that facilitates or hinders the activities of the business in order to successfully implement and achieve the goals set. The results of this study can be applied by top managers of companies facing digitalization of supply chains in developing HR and managerial policies and programs.

The paper aims at determining the principles of participative management and the nuances of their implementation into integrated e-learning, which complements the traditional forms of education in emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The research uses a semi-structured questionnaire adapted from Dashkova for the education sphere and developed with the consideration of participative management principles. The survey involved 289 students and 293 university teachers. The study found that participative management is the best approach to integrating e-learning into the education process.. It ensures effective communication contributing to the uniting of objectives of all participants by expanding their engagement in the management of the education process. Assessment and recognition of participative management in university may be one realistic scenario for more rapid adaptation and effective implementation of diverse learning trajectories. Keywords: e learning, education, governance, integrated education system, participation, student-centered learning transformation.

Russia’s four largest petroleum companies, Rosneft, Surgutneftegaz, Gazprom Neft, and Lukoil, account for more than 50% of petroleum production and 70% of the demand in Russia’s drilling market. All these four petroleum companies are profoundly relaying on Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and import of equipment and technologies. FDI have been mostly received from European Union (EU) countries and United States (U.S.) and also these countries have been major providers of equipment and technologies including technologies for offshore development, horizontal, controlled-angle, and directional drilling, hydraulic fracturing, catalysts for oil processing and petrochemicals, and geological and seismic exploration. However, since applying economic sanctions against Russia by EU and U.S. in 2014 due to Crimea annexation and Ukrainian crisis, the situation with FDI and access to technologies has been dramatically changed. Keeping with the analytical separation between economic and non-economic sanctions and using concept of political economy of energy, this paper focuses on economic energy sanctions, and for brevity refer to them as energy sanctions with emphasizes on technology export ban, foreign capital ban, state support of petroleum industry and in addition, because of the crucial role that petroleum industry plays in the Russian economy, the paper discusses the impact of both energy sanctions and COVID-19 pandemic on national economy.Keywords: Petroleum industry, Covid-19, Russia, Energy SanctionsJEL Classifications: P4, P48; Q4, Q43; K3, K32DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11385

The purpose of the study is to develop and test the original model which illustrates the development of personality in the information society. The study involved two Russian universities, higher educational institutions of the Arab Emirates and Kazakhstan. A total of 400 students participated in the research. The experiment consisted of three stages: introductory, experimental, and final. At the introductory stage of the study, the influences of the information society on the development of human personal qualities were analyzed. At the experimental stage, the original model which illustrates the development of personality in the information society was developed and implemented. At the final stage, the students were surveyed in accordance with the original methodology for the use of the capabilities and resources of the information society for personality development. After the implementation of the model, the number of students using the capabilities of the information society for personal development, the development of professional skills, and maintaining and strengthening health increased by 18.5%, 18.7%, and 10%, respectively. The practical value of the scientific research results relates to the possibility of using the questionnaires and models of personality development in the context of the information society in the higher education system of Russia, the Arab Emirates, Kazakhstan, and other countries. The model described in the study is relevant in the context of the transfer of the educational process in higher education to a distance format and the growing social isolation of an individual caused by the coronavirus pandemic.

The proliferation of mobile devices and easy internet access open up a huge number of opportunities for many people around the world. Anywhere anytime learning is one of these opportunities. Despite the prevalence of mobile learning, it is not always possible to find a convenient application that covers several areas. The uniqueness of the research is the development of an application that could become an excellent solution for studying several academic disciplines and developing spatial skills on the example of a certain subject. As a result, an application model that allows studying geometry, physics, chemistry, geography, economics and social studies has been developed; these are the disciplines that most involve spatial thinking. Spatial skills are taught based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects, animation, images, maps. The use of augmented reality technology to increase the effectiveness of teaching spatial thinking has been considered. The model implementation allows using the app for independent activities and educational purposes.

Currently, there are a great number of platform-projects and frameworks based on blockchain technology. Consequently, it is necessary to define the most relevant blockchain platforms and analyze them taking into consideration a variety of features. Also, there is a need to investigate the logistics growth and the price of Bitcoin on the Binance cryptocurrency exchange. The authors have examined modern technologies used by manufacturing companies in the field of fintech in the context of the 2019-2024 period. The results show that sensors and automatic identification take the leading position both at present and in 2024. Artificial intelligence and blockchain are also in demand by manufacturers today, however in the nearest future their ranking positions will increase sixfold from 10% to 60%. In the current paper the authors review the largest companies that effectively use blockchain technology in their businesses. The conducted survey shows that 18% of companies use blockchain technology based on Bitcoin. The authors have analysed a number of Bitcoin transactions for the period from January 2017 to February 2021 and concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a favourable effect on the indicator data. A maximum number of transactions equal to 10.15 million was carried out in July 2020. Using the method of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and statistical estimation methods the authors have revealed an underestimation of the equilibrium state of the empirical distribution of price data and the volume of daily trading of Bitcoin on the Binance cryptocurrency exchange through the channel of the right-hand confidence interval. The blockchain technology based on Bitcoin has positively reacted to the macroeconomic factors such as the COVID-19 pandemics and further growth in Bitcoin transactions is expected. With the help of economic modelling, the authors have defined the predictable volume and the price of Bitcoin on the Binance cryptocurrency exchange. © Institute of Society Transformation, 2021.

This study was aimed to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of the e-learning system and distinguish the concepts of e-learning and distance education. The study population included 40 managers from five contact centers, 20 of which comprised a control group that did not undergo specialized training. The companies under consideration were representatives of the Russian domestic market and did not operate abroad. As a result of the experiment, the average number of sales of managers who underwent training increased by 20% in relation to the previous period. In the control group, the number of sales remained the same. In this regard, the introduction of gamification in particular, and e-learning as a whole, can be deemed a useful strategy to improve organizational activity not only in big companies but also in SMEs. Moreover, taking into account the lower cost of online education compared to traditional learning courses, web-based training remains an excellent alternative for SMEs since expenses on its implementation will be fully paid off by the received profit.

This article provides an overview of the energy potential of Central Asian economies and in particular, the power sector of Tajikistan, with a special emphasis on the potential usage of coal since water availability for hydropower in the region depends on seasons and is already affected by climate change. With these restrictions, coal arises as to the economic alternative and coal-fired plants are considered in the country as a tool for development and new coal-fired plants are under construction and development of new coalmines is also proposed. The objective of this article is to achieve profitable capital investment in a 250 MW coal-fired thermal power plant situated in east part of Tajikistan. In this context, the article applies a mathematical model to estimate the quantitative advantages of coal alternatives. The cost analysis of the plant was carried out on the basis of total capital investment, operating cost (i.e. coal feedstock, maintenance and labour, and cost of pumping power) and revenue. Furthermore, the article discusses the main concerns of the government of Tajikistan in sustaining its economic development, and finally, describes the future role that hydro-coal power will play in this development.Keywords: energy security, energy economics, Central AsiaJEL Classifications: 0130, Q400, Q430DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10267

It is very important to study the demographic and migration processes in the country when forming the labor potential of rural areas. Using these indicators affecting the labor potential, we calculated the parameters of linear trend models, checking their adequacy of the constructed models, calculated the determination coefficients, and built confidential intervals for the forecasts. In order to present a quantitative model expressing the general tendency of the time series change over time, we used the analytical alignment of the time series. In this case, the actual levels were replaced by levels calculated on the basis of certain data. As a result, we got the result of a change in time of the studied indicators in a positive direction. Obtained results: outflow of external and internal migration is the reason for the decline of labor potential in the country, but in general does not affect the efficiency of labor potential of the village; indicators of the population in general, i.e., the population of cities and villages, internal and external migration with natural population growth are quite close to one, what means that their forecast changes are insignificant and do not undergo significant changes in the future. Finally, with a 95% probability, we can expect that in 2020 - 2021, the indicators under consideration will not take values less than the lower limits of confidence forecast intervals and not greater than their upper limits. Obtain results are very important for development of a strategy for the effective use of labor potential.

The economy of Kazakhstan is the first economy in Central Asia and the second among Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries after Russia. On rates of hydrocarbon raw materials extraction Kazakhstan is included into first ten countries of the world. Kazakhstani economy is based on heavy industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and oil and gas. And it allows Kazakhstan is being on the road of economic growth. With economic growth, the energy production and consumption are also increasing rapidly, resulting first of all, on harmful carbon emissions. Thus, the purpose of this research is to carry out a comparative assessment in the energy sector development and to submit forecast of its demand and its environmental impact in terms of Kazakhstani economic growth up to 2040. First scenario (Base Case) assumes conventional development pattern together with neither significant changes in the patterns of energy supply and demand nor extensively changed policies and measures. The second one (Mitigation) assumes a technological improvement, regulation and industrial development policies and additional policies which have been designed to promote energy efficiency and reduce emissions across the economy. The simulations are applied until the year 2040, while 2015 is set as the base year. The findings suggest in both scenarios Kazakhstan will continue to pursue its economic development driving energy demand and carbon emissions will also raise. However, under Mitigation Scenario, emission intensity will be lower insignificantly.Keywords: Kazakhstan, energy, carbon dioxide, economic growthJEL Classifications: 0130, Q400, Q430DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9073

This study aimed to assess the impact of digital development on the competitiveness indicators of countries and regions. The research methodology was based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a structured technique adapted to solve the nonlinear optimization problem by choosing the most suitable scenario for the public administration of regions’ digital development. The analysis of digital competitiveness across European countries revealed that its development is quite uneven. Within the European Union, both digitalization leaders and outsiders were noted. Modeling three digitalization scenarios for Russia, China, the United States and the countries of Europe allowed defining Scenario 3 (accelerated digitalization) as the best way for managing their development in the context of digital transformation. The significance of the conducted research lies in the fact that it distinguished the digital economy components affecting both digital and overall regions’ competitiveness. The results obtained can be taken advantage of by individuals engaged in the field of economic activity to determine the role of various organizations, strategic levers, and indicators that ensure an effective response to challenges of competition in the regional and global markets.

Digitalization is rapidly gaining momentum around the world: new technologies are being invented, new forms of cooperation are being practiced, and new forms of payments are emerging. Taking into account the all-consuming globalization and internationalization of the economy, the world community does not have time to properly adapt legislation to adequately regulate settlement and tax processes. While some States are trying to maximize the benefits of "transparent data" to optimize business processes and even create a better tax and regulatory framework, others are only now beginning to look at the cryptocurrency or, on the contrary, completely prohibit its use. The authors review the features of tax regulation of cryptocurrencies in the United States, Europe, Latin America and Asia. The author presents the concept of cryptocurrency as an object of taxation, based on the analysis of individual scientific approaches to the definition of "cryptocurrency" and the types of operations involving it. During the preparation of the article, it was revealed that the use of digital assets in the status of payment means implies the application of personal income tax, while their role as a property asset focuses on the profit received in the process of their sale / storage and its direct taxation.

This article examines the issues and problems of ecology and climate change that concern an increasing number of people. In Russia, in particular, the attention of Russian companies and the government to the problem is increasing. Green finance is a tool that allows for a carbon transition to a green economy, providing extra-budgetary sources of funding for projects that provide this transition. To facilitate the transition of business to the principles of sustainable development, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation has supplemented the compensation program for green bonds with green loans, and banks are developing new mechanisms to provide companies with a clear tool for cofinancing environmental projects.

В статье рассматриваются конкуренция в сфере налогообложения как условие развития территорий и формы ее проявления между регионами. Изучение теоретических аспектов возникновения налоговой конкуренции позволило сделать вывод о том, что ее базой в первую очередь являются общественные отношения. Сформулировано авторское определение конкуренции в сфере налогообложения как процесс регулирования конкурентных привилегий при взаимодействии публично-правовых образований за распределение налоговой базы за счет привлечения мобильных факторов производства и других преимуществ с целью достижения и сохранения устойчивой конкурентоспособности. Дополнена авторскими признаками видовая классификация налоговой конкуренции, практическое применение которой способствует глубинному пониманию данного явления во всей его многогранности. Рассмотрение содержания налоговой конкуренции субъектов РФ в сфере финансово-бюджетных отношений дало возможность определить, что налоговая конкуренция между регионами прошла в своем развитии несколько этапов — от реализации методом физического насилия до грамотного использования инструментов фискальной политики. В ходе исследования выявлены основные предпосылки развития региональной налоговой конкуренции в России и выделены методы и меры государственного регулирования налоговой конкуренции между субъектами РФ. Показана двойственность реализации внутреннего потенциала региональной конкуренции в сфере налогообложения посредством основных направлений ее конечного действия через фискальную и регулирующую функции. Рассмотрение форм проявления налоговой конкуренции между субъектами РФ дало возможность выделить приоритеты в отношении региональных налогов, которые позволяют оказывать влияние на конкурентные преимущества территорий с целью привлечения инвесторов в свои регионы. На основе обзора нормативно-правовых актов всех региональных органов власти сделан вывод о присутствии у субъектов РФ различных позиций по вопросу участия в конкуренции в сфере налогообложения. В работе показано, что наиболее действенными и доступными для регионов формами привлечения налогоплательщиков на свою территорию являются установление дополнительных льгот по региональным налогам, дифференциация ставки по налогу на прибыль (региональной части), большинство регионов при использовании инструментов налоговой конкуренции делают ставку на повышение инвестиционной привлекательности своей территории. The article considers competition in taxation as the condition for territories’ development and the forms of its implementation among regions. Studies of the theoretical aspects of competition in taxation emergence allowed concluding that primarily social relations are its basis. The author defines the concept of competition in taxation as the process of competitive privileges regulation while dealing with public law establishments to share the tax base by attracting mobile production factors and other advantages to achieve sustainable competitiveness. The author also adds her own features to the classification of competition in taxation. The application of this classification helps deeper understanding of this phenomenon in its versatility. Considering tax competition among the Russian Federation subjects in finance-budget sphere allowed seeing several stages in the development of competence in taxation among regions from its implementation through violence to the correct application of fiscal policy tools. The research revealed the main prerequisites of the development of regional competition in taxation in Russia, and provided the ways and measures of its regulation among the RF regions by the state. The duality of the implementation of regional taxation competition’s inner potential is demonstrated through the main directions of its ultimate impact via the fiscal and regulation functions. Considering the forms of the implementation of tax competition among the RF regions provided the opportunity to prioritize among the regional taxes, which allow influencing the competitive advantages of the territories in order to attract investors in their regions. The review of the regulations of all regional authorities allowed making a conclusion about the existence of different positions on participation in competition in taxation. The research demonstrated that most efficient and available forms of taxpayer involvement are establishing additional benefits on regional taxes, differentiation of the income tax rate (its regional part), and that most regions using the tools of competition in taxation bet on the increase of investment attractiveness of their territory.