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The objective was to investigate dietary and oral hygiene patterns as risk factors for dental caries, fluorosis and tooth erosion in a subsample of individuals of a population-based study in the city of João Pessoa (without water fluoridation program), Brazil. In this cross-sectional study data were collected through clinical examinations and questionnaires addressing dietary and oral hygiene habits. The clinical examination was performed by two calibrated examiners (Kappa > 0.80). The sample (n = 244) was distributed among four age groups: G1 (0-13 years), G2 (14-30 years), G3 (31-54 years) and G4 (≥ 55 years). The prevalence of dental caries was high (87.4%) whereas fluorosis and erosion was low (4.1% and 6.1%, respectively). The mean DMFT index was 1.49 ± 2.19 in G1, 8.19 ± 6.10 in G2, 18.19 ± 7.00 in G3 and 25.81 ± 6.80 in G4. Significant associations were found between the DMFT index and both diet (p = 0.05) and income (p = 0.022), suggesting an associated effect of these variables. Oral hygiene was not related to dental caries experience. Cariogenic diet was related to the high DMFT index in all age groups supporting that dietary pattern was a stronger risk factor for caries experience in contrast to oral hygiene habits that no association was found. El objetivo fue investigar patrones dietéticos y de higiene oral como factores de riesgo para caries dental, fluorosis y erosión dental en una submuestra de individuos de un estudio de base poblacional en la ciudad de João Pessoa (sin programa de fluoración de agua), Brasil. En este estudio transversal, los datos se recopilaron a través de exámenes clínicos y cuestionarios sobre hábitos alimentarios y de higiene bucal. El examen clínico fue realizado por dos examinadores calibrados (Kappa > 0,80). La muestra (n = 244) se distribuyó en cuatro grupos de edad: G1 (0-13 años), G2 (14-30 años), G3 (31-54 años) y G4 (≥ 55 años). La prevalencia de caries dental fue alta (87,4%) mientras que la fluorosis y la erosión fueron bajas (4,1% y 6,1%, respectivamente). El índice CPOD medio fue de 1,49 ± 2,19 en G1, 8,19 ± 6,10 en G2, 18,19 ± 7,00 en G3 y 25,81 ± 6,80 en G4. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el índice CPOD y la dieta (p = 0,05) y los ingresos (p = 0,022), lo que sugiere un efecto asociado de estas variables. La higiene bucal no se relacionó con la experiencia de caries dental. La dieta cariogénica se relacionó con el alto índice de CPOD en todos los grupos de edad, lo que respalda que el patrón dietético fue un factor de riesgo más fuerte para la experiencia de caries en contraste con los hábitos de higiene bucal que no encontraron asociación. O objetivo foi identificar padrões alimentares e hábitos de higiene bucal como variáveis de risco à cárie, fluorose e erosão dentária em uma subamostra de indivíduos incluídos em um estudo de base populacional na cidade de João Pessoa (sem fluoretação de águas), PB, Brasil. Neste estudo seccional foram realizados exames clínicos e aplicados questionários sobre dieta e hábitos de higiene bucal. O exame clínico foi realizado por dois examinadores previamente calibrados (kappa > 0,80). A amostra (n = 244) foi distribuída em 4 grupos etários: G1 (0-13 anos), G2 (14-30 anos), G3 (31-54 anos) e G4 (mais de 55 anos). A prevalência de cárie dentária foi alta (87,4%), CPOD médio para os grupos etários foi 1,49 ± 2,19 no G1, 8,19 ± 6,10 no G2, 18,19 ± 7,00 no G3 e 25,81 ± 6,80 no G4. Foi encontrada baixa prevalência de fluorose dentária (4,1%) e erosão dentária (6,1%). Houve relação significativa entre CPOD com dieta (p = 0,05) e renda (p = 0,022) sugerindo associação entre essas variáveis. O padrão alimentar cariogênico dessa população foi relacionado ao elevado índice CPOD para todos os grupos etários indicando o padrão de dieta como fator de risco mais importante para experiencia de cárie que higiene bucal.

BackgroundObesity contributes to several cardiometabolic diseases, such as dyslipidemia, as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle and genetic factors. The methylation profile of genes involved in appetite control and metabolism, such as LEP (leptin) and POMC (proopiomelanocortin) and altered lipid levels can contribute to obesity, and these epigenetic changes have been associated with the effects of diet composition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the methylation levels of LEP and POMC genes and lipid profile values after intervention with dietary folate and hazelnut oil in overweight women.MethodsDouble-blind, placebo, controlled intervention study with 40 overweight adult women. Participants were randomized into four groups for 8 weeks: G1, 300 g of vegetables and 191 µg / day of folate and hazelnut oil; G2, 300 g of vegetables and 191 µg / day of folate and placebo; G3, 300 g of vegetables and 94 µg / day of folate and hazelnut oil; G4, the individuals were only accompanied. In addition to the levels of methylation, food consumption, anthropometric measurements, biochemical variables of lipid profile were evaluated.ResultsAfter the intervention, the participants presented reduction in the methylation levels of the studied genes in the three intervention groups in the LEP gene: G1 (p = 0.00), G2 (p = 0.00) and G3 (p = 0.00); in the POMC gene: G1 (p = 0.01), G2 (p = 0.02) and G3 (p = 0.01), and in the lipid profile, G1 reduced the levels of LDL-c (p = 0.04), HDL-c (p = 0.00) and Triglycerides (p = 0.04); in G3 there was a reduction in total cholesterol levels (p = 0.00), LDL-c (p = 0.00) and HDL-c (p = 0.00), and in G4 there was a reduction in total cholesterol values (p = 0.00), LDL-c (p = 0.00), HDL-c (p = 0.00) and triglycerides (p = 0.00), and also, an association in G2 between the POMC methylation levels with triglycerides (p = 0.00).ConclusionThe study provided evidence of a normocaloric intervention with dietary folate and hazelnut oil supplementation on the methylation levels of LEP and POMC genes and the role they can play in lipid metabolism.Trial registrationISRCTN, NCT04523532. Registered 21 August 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04523532

Summary Background & aims Low bone mineral density (BMD) for age in people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is associated with worse nutritional status. The aim of this study is to assess body composition by anthropometry as a predictor of BMD in people with CF. Methods Multicenter cross-sectional study with 39 people aged 5 and 20 years with CF. BMD was assessed by dual energy x-ray emission (DXA) in the incidence of the total body less head (TBLH) and the TBLH Z-score (Z-TBLH) was calculated, adjusted by sex, age, height and ethnicity. Anthropometry was assessed by weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold (TSF). Arm muscle area (AMA) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were calculated. Lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM) and free-fat mass (FFM) were identified by DXA. The molecular analysis method by sequencing was used to identify and classify the participants regarding the presence of the F508del pathogenic variant of the CFTR gene. Statistical models of simple and multiple linear regression were created to establish the predictive power of Z-TBLH in the variables. Results Average age of the participants was 13.31 ± 3.86 years, 59% of whom were male. They showed more LM (30.97 Kg ± 11.29) than females (23 Kg ± 6.73). 20 of 30 participants (66.7%) had at least copy of F508del. Among the multiple models, adjusted by height, age and sex, it found BMI (R2 = 0.367), Weight (R2 = 0.220), AMA (R2 = 0.338) as significant predictors of Z-TBLH. The final model composed of AMA, TSF and Age (p = 0.001; R2 = 0.381) had AMA and Age as significant predictors. AMA was associated with an increase in the BMD Z-score in the participants studied. 66.7% of genetically tested participants had the F508del pathogenic variant. The presence of the F508del variant was associated with worse nutritional status. Conclusion A statistical model composed of the values of AMA, TSF and Age can predict Z-TBLH, as well as anthropometric variables Weight, or BMI, or AMA associated with height, age and sex, in children and adolescents aged 5–20 years old, of both sexes. Anthropometric markers, as they are easy and relatively inexpensive to obtain, it is a promising alternative to the use of DXA in predicting BMD in these people with CF.

Metabolomics has been increasingly used to evaluate metabolic changes associated with morbidities. The objective of this study is to assess the metabolic profile before and after intervention with mixed dietary fiber in overweight and obese hypertensive women. This is an intervention study, and the sample consists of 14 women aged 28 to 58 years. An intervention with 12 g of mixed soluble and insoluble fiber is performed for a period of eight weeks. Serum metabolites are identified using a Bruker 1H NMR spectrometer at 400 MHz. Multivariate data analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA), is used to differentiate the two groups. After supplementation with dietary fiber, there is a significant increase in the peak intensity values of the metabolites HDL-C (0.0010*), choline (0.0012*) and hydroxybutyrate (0.0010*) as well as a decrease in systolic (0.0013*) and diastolic (0.0026*) blood pressure. The analysis of the metabolomic profile allows the identification of metabolites that have been associated in the literature with hypertension and excess weight (choline, hydroxybutyrate and amino acids) and with fiber intake (choline, hydroxybutyrate and amino acids) in addition to an increase in HDL-C. The increase in the detection of the described metabolites possibly occurs due to the presence of pathologies and the use of fiber in the intervention, which also contributes to elevated HDL-c and reduced blood pressure.

Introdução: A sarcopenia é considerada uma doença muscular reconhecida recentemente pela classificação internacional das doenças dez que se desenvolve comumente de forma progressiva e crônica. Ela possui relação com a perda da funcionalidade, com a incapacidade, redução da independência, aumento da fragilidade, mau prognóstico da saúde do idoso e mortalidade, podendo gerar altos custos pessoais, sociais e para o sistema de saúde. Apesar de sua importância, essa condição é raramente avaliada na prática clínica. Objetivo: Diagnosticar a prevalência de sarcopenia em idosos institucionalizados no município de João Pessoa-PB. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, observacional, analítico, transversal em que foram selecionados 100 idosos, ≥60 anos, de cinco Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Avaliaram-se parâmetros sociodemográficos, clínicos, antropométricos, de retinolemia, de estresse oxidativo e inflamação. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma regressão logística multivariada no software R. Adotou-se o p

Objetivo: Averiguar a relação entre o consumo alimentar habitual de vitamina D e o peso corporal em diferentes faixas etárias de uma mesma população. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico transversal de base populacional, envolvendo 866 indivíduos de um município do Nordeste do Brasil. Foram coletados dados demográficos e recordatórios de 24 horas, além de avaliação antropométrica. A adequação de nutrientes foi estimada ajustando-se a variância intrapessoal da ingestão de nutrientes. Aplicou-se a regressão múltipla entre as variáveis estudadas. Resultados: Na amostra total, 45,27% dos participantes apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade. A média de ingestão habitual de vitamina D foi aproximadamente 2µg. Ocorreu uma relação entre o consumo alimentar habitual de vitamina D e o peso corporal na amostra total (t=-2,34; p=0,019), no grupo de adolescentes (t=-2,51; p=0,012) e de adultos (t=-2,75; p=0,006). Para as crianças e os idosos estas relações não foram observadas. Conclusão: A existência de uma relação entre o consumo alimentar habitual de vitamina D e o peso corporal em adolescentes e adultos, no entanto, não foi observada em crianças e idosos, sugerindo que nesses grupos etários, mais vulneráveis, as vias metabólicas da vitamina D que, provavelmente, favorecem a perda de peso, não estão sendo estimuladas ou atuantes, embora, o consumo das crianças tenha sido superior e o dos idosos semelhante aos demais grupos.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) concentrations are a standard of care in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and are influenced by different factors. This study compared the LDL-C concentrations estimated by two different equations and determined their associations with inflammatory status, oxidative stress, anthropometric variables, food intake and DNA methylation levels in the LPL, ADRB3 and MTHFR genes. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 236 adults (median age 37.5 years) of both sexes from the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The LDL-C concentrations were estimated according to the Friedewald and Martin equations. LPL, ADRB3 and MTHFR gene methylation levels; malondialdehyde levels; total antioxidant capacity; ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, homocysteine, cobalamin, and folic acid levels; usual dietary intake; and epidemiological variables were also determined. For each unit increase in malondialdehyde concentration there was an increase in the LDL-C concentration from 6.25 to 10.29 mg/dL (p ADRB3 gene and an increase in the DNA methylation levels in the MTHFR gene (p ADRB3 and MTHFR genes were different according to the Martin equation at low LDL-C concentrations (70 mg/dL).

Segundo a Associação Brasileira da Indústria do café (ABIC), somente em março o consumo de café aumento 35%. Com isso, avaliar as evidências benéficas para associações entre consumo de café e os múltiplos resultados para a saúde é de extrema importância. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos do café orgânico e convencional no metabolismo lipídico, glicídico, proteico, níveis de proteína C reativa, ureia, ácido úrico e composição corporal de ratos machos da linhagem Wistar. O estudo experimental teve caráter quantitativo, prospectivo e intervencional, e foi conduzido com dezoito animais machos distribuídos em três grupos, cada um com seis animais, onde o Grupo I recebeu somente água, o Grupo II recebeu o café orgânico e o Grupo III recebeu o café convencional. Os resultados demonstraram que o consumo de café orgânico contribuiu para uma ação protetora do fígado e o do coração, o que não foi observado nos animais que ingeriram o café convencional.

The C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) is related to folate metabolism and can alter the levels of biochemical markers.Objective: Investigate the influence of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism on the effects of a dietary folate intervention on oxidative stress in women with overweight or obesity.Methods: Forty-eight adult women with overweight or obesity were subjected to a 24-hour dietary recall, anthropometric measurements, biochemical analysis, and genotyping of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. They were allocated by convenience sampling to 2 groups, which received 300 g of folate-rich vegetables containing 191 µg/d (Group 1) (n = 24) or 95 µg/d (Group 2) (n = 24) of folate for 8 weeks.Results: The dietary intervention increased the serum folic acid levels in the 2 analyzed groups. The intervention with 191 µg/d of folate led to relevant results in terms of homocysteine levels (p = 0.0005) and total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.0261); the effect was larger among c...

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação do retinol sérico, proteína C-reativa ultra-sensível (PCR-us) e a ingestão de fibras alimentares em uma população de idosos hipertensos. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com 170 idosos com idade entre 60 e 90 anos, de ambos os sexos, de uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil. Para as análises bioquímicas, as concentrações de retinol sérico e PCR-us foram analisadas e um questionário quantitativo de frequência de alimentar auto-administrado foi coletado. Foram utilizados como critérios de inclusão: idosos de 60 a 90 anos que residiam na cidade de João Pessoa e hipertensão auto-relatada. Os critérios de exclusão foram indivíduos com transtornos neuropsiquiátricos e indivíduos que relataram suplementação de vitamina A, carotenóides ou suplementos de fibras. Os dados foram analisados com o teste de Wilcoxon, teste exato de Fisher e análise de regressão logística. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o Software R Development Core Team. Resultados: Não foram observadas relações significativas entre hipertensão arterial e níveis séricos de retinol (p = 0,4325), níveis de PCR (p = 0,4104) e consumo de fibra alimentar (p = 0,0935). Com base na regressão logística, cada aumento de 1 unidade no índice de massa corporal (IMC) aumenta a probabilidade de hipertensão em 0,009545%. As outras variáveis não contribuíram para o modelo de regressão final. Conclusão: Considerando a alta prevalência de indivíduos hipertensos com valores adequados de retinol, não houve associação entre retinol sérico, níveis de PCR e ingestão de fibra. A maioria dos participantes apresentou níveis normais de PCR-us, que podem ter sido influenciados pela atividade antioxidante do retinol e pela ingestão inadequada de fibras. DESCRITORES Vitamina A. Proteína C-Reativa. Fibras na Dieta. Hipertensão. Idoso.

There were no differences for demographic, socioeconomic, epidemiological variables, as well as for the variables of habitual consumption of fat and different types of isolated or associated fatty acids and lifestyle between the two groups. However, different relationships were observed in each group, between fasting blood glucose values and fat consumption, such as: in the pre-diabetic group there was an inverse relationship with fat consumption tertiles in relation to fatty acids (AG) monounsaturated (M) - (15.16 ± 0.65g and 24.11 ± 2.74g) and Index I: S (I: S) - (1.39 ± 0.72g); and positive relationships with the consumption of the w-6: w-3 and w-6: w-9 indexes. In the normoglycemic group, inverse relationships were observed with the consumption of AGM w-3 and the w-3 total fat index and a positive relationship with the consumption of total polyunsaturated AG fats, indexes w-6: w-3, I: S w- 6: w-9.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism associated with body fat accumulation could possibly trigger an inflammatory process by elevating homocysteine levels and increasing cytokine production, causing several diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of food intervention, and not folate supplements, on the levels of tumor necrosis factor-&alpha, (TNF-&alpha, ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1&beta, (IL-1&beta, ) in overweight and obese women with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. A randomized, double-blind eight-week clinical trial of 48 overweight and obese women was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. They received 300 g of vegetables daily for eight weeks containing different doses of folate: 95 &micro, g/day for Group 1 and 191 &micro, g/day for Group 2. MTHFR C677T polymorphism genotyping was assessed by digestion with HinfI enzyme and on 12% polyacrylamide gels. Anthropometric measurements, 24-h dietary recall, and biochemical analysis (blood folic acid, vitamin B12, homocysteine (Hcy), TNF-&alpha, IL-1&beta, and IL-6) were determined at the beginning and end of the study. Group 2 had a significant increase in folate intake (p &lt, 0.001) and plasma folic acid (p &lt, 0.05) for individuals with the cytosine&ndash, cytosine (CC), cytosine&ndash, thymine (CT), and thymine&ndash, thymine (TT) genotypes. However, only individuals with the TT genotype presented reduced levels of Hcy, TNF-&alpha, IL-6, and IL-1&beta, (p &lt, 0.001). Group 1 showed significant differences in folate consumption (p &lt, 0.001) and folic acid levels (p &lt, 0.05) for individuals with the CT and TT genotypes. Food intervention with folate from vegetables increased folic acid levels and reduced interleukins, TNF-&alpha, and Hcy levels, mainly for individuals with the TT genotype.

espanolObjective: to verify the association of serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and glycemic levels with the genetic variants rs1544410 and rs2228570 of the VDR gene in adolescents from the Northeast region of Brazil. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 208 adolescents from public schools in the city of Joao Pessoa (Paraiba, Brazil) between 15 and 19 years of age. Blood samples were collected for DNA extraction and analysis of polymorphisms rs1544410 and rs2228570, as well as biochemical analyses (25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium and glycemia). Results: the mean age was 17.7 (± 1.14) years. Half of adolescents had sufficient serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the other half had insufficient/deficient vitamin. The most frequent genotypic distribution was bb and Ff and of lesser frequency BB and ff. There was a significant relationship between the genotypes of rs1544410 and glycemia values (p = 0.049) in the relationships between the genotypes BBxbb (p = 0.012) and Bbxbb (p = 0.037); (p = 0.036, OR = 2.15, 95 % CI = 1.05-4.41), and in the BB+Bb group analysis when compared to the bb (p = 0.025, OR = 1.89, 95 % CI = 1.08-3.29) presented higher risk of glycemia above the median. On the other hand, when Bb+bb was analyzed in relation to BB, adolescents had a greater chance of blood glucose below the median (p = 0.025, OR = 0.66, CI = 0.47-0.95). Conclusion: this study showed a significant relation of glycemia with the distribution of rs1544410 polymorphism genotypes. EnglishObjetivo: verificar la asociacion de las concentraciones sericas de 25-hidroxivitamina D y los niveles de glucemia con las variantes geneticas rs1544410 y rs2228570 del gen VDR en adolescentes de la region noreste de Brasil. Materiales y metodos: se realizo un estudio epidemiologico transversal con 208 adolescentes de escuelas publicas en la ciudad de Joao Pessoa (Paraiba, Brasil) de entre 15 y 19 anos de edad. Se recogieron muestras de sangre para la extraccion de ADN y el analisis de los polimorfismos rs1544410 y rs2228570, asi como para analisis bioquimicos (25-hidroxivitamina D, hormona paratiroidea, calcio y glucemia). Resultados: la edad media fue de 17,7 (± 1,14) anos. La mitad de los adolescentes tenia niveles sericos suficientes de 25-hidroxivitamina D y la otra mitad, vitamina insuficiente/deficiente. La distribucion genotipica mas frecuente fue bb y Ff y la de menor frecuencia, BB y ff. Hubo una relacion significativa entre los genotipos de rs1544410 y los valores de glucemia (p = 0,049) en las relaciones entre los genotipos BBxbb (p = 0,012) y Bbxbb (p = 0,037); (p = 0,036, OR = 2,15, IC 95 % = 1,05-4.41), y el analisis del grupo BB + Bb en comparacion con el bb (p = 0,025, OR = 1,89, IC 95 % = 1,08-3,29) mostro un mayor el riesgo de glucemia, por encima de la mediana. Por otro lado, cuando se analizo Bb+bb en relacion con la BB, los adolescentes tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de que la glucosa en sangre estuviera por debajo de la mediana (p = 0,025, OR = 0,66, IC = 0,47-0,95). Conclusion: este estudio mostro una relacion significativa entre la glucemia y la distribucion de genotipos de polimorfismo rs1544410.

Air pollution is comprised of several substances, including particulate matter (PM). Exposure to air pollution may trigger alterations in DNA methylation thus modifying gene expression patterns. This phenomenon is likely to mediate the relationship between exposure to air pollution and adverse health effects. The purpose of this study was analyzing the effects of exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy or lactation and whether it would cause multigenerational epigenetic alterations in the promoter region of the genes Pdx1 and NEUROG3 within mouse pancreatic islets. Our results show that maternal exposure to PM2.5 led to an elevation in blood glucose levels within the two following generations (F1 and F2). There was also an increase in DNA methylation in the aforementioned promoter regions accompanied by reduced gene expression in generations F1 and F2 upon F0 exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy. These data suggest that maternal exposure to PM2.5 from air pollution, particularly during pregnancy, may lead to a multigenerational and lifelong negative impact on glucose homeostasis mediated by an increase in DNA methylation within the promoter region of the genes Pdx1 and NEUROG3 in pancreatic islets.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism associated with body fat accumulation could possibly trigger an inflammatory process by elevating homocysteine levels and increasing cytokine production, causing several diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of food intervention, and not folate supplements, on the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in overweight and obese women with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. A randomized, double-blind eight-week clinical trial of 48 overweight and obese women was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. They received 300 g of vegetables daily for eight weeks containing different doses of folate: 95 µg/day for Group 1 and 191 µg/day for Group 2. MTHFR C677T polymorphism genotyping was assessed by digestion with HinfI enzyme and on 12% polyacrylamide gels. Anthropometric measurements, 24-h dietary recall, and biochemical analysis (blood folic acid, vitamin B12, homocysteine (Hcy), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were determined at the beginning and end of the study. Group 2 had a significant increase in folate intake (p < 0.001) and plasma folic acid (p < 0.05) for individuals with the cytosine–cytosine (CC), cytosine–thymine (CT), and thymine–thymine (TT) genotypes. However, only individuals with the TT genotype presented reduced levels of Hcy, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (p < 0.001). Group 1 showed significant differences in folate consumption (p < 0.001) and folic acid levels (p < 0.05) for individuals with the CT and TT genotypes. Food intervention with folate from vegetables increased folic acid levels and reduced interleukins, TNF-α, and Hcy levels, mainly for individuals with the TT genotype.

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the cardiometabolic profile, vitamin D status and BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene in non-institutionalized elderly subjects. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a random and representative sample of 142 elderly subjects selected by cluster and recruited from a municipal assistance program. Clinical, nutritional, biochemical and inflammatory profiles, oxidative stress and genotyping for the BsmI polymorphism were evaluated. Participants had mean age of 69.9 (7.0) years, BMI of 28.3 (4.4) kg/m(2) and 80.3% were women. The prevalence of a 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status

Background Polymorphisms in the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) have been investigated as risk factors for microvascular complications of diabetes; however, simultaneous analysis of these polymorphisms and the methylation pattern of the gene has never been conducted. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the simultaneous relationship between MTHFR methylation and MTHFR C6TT7 and A1298C polymorphisms with metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters related to microvascular complications, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in diabetic patients. Methods A total of 107 patients who were diagnosed in the previous 5 to 10 years were recruited and divided into groups with complications (DR and/or DN) or without complications. Methylation analysis of the gene promoter was conducted using the MSP technique, and analysis of the A1298C and C677T polymorphisms was conducted using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. Microalbuminuria was determined using urine samples, and other analytes of interest were determined in blood samples using commercial kits. The Mann–Whitney and Chi square statistical tests were used with significance considered at p

The C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 megadose supplementation and influence of BsmI polymorphism in the VDR gene on the inflammatory profile and oxidative stress in elderly women with vitamin D deficiency. Methods A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 40 elderly women (aged 68 ± 6 years) diagnosed with vitamin D insufficiency (24.7 ± 3.1 ng/mL). Participants were distributed into a supplementation group that received 200,000 IU of vitamin D3 (SG; n = 20) and a placebo group (PG; n = 20). Blood samples were collected at baseline and after intervention to analyse the 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, serum calcium, ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP-A), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as the renal and hepatic function, and genotyping was performed for BsmI polymorphism. Results Four weeks after supplementation, elderly women in the SG group showed a significant increase in the serum concentration of 25(OH)D (25.29 ± 2.8 to 31.48 ± 6.0; p = 0.0001), which was followed by increased TAC (65.25 ± 15.66 to 71.83 ± 10.71; p = 0.03) and decreased serum PTH (46.32 ± 13.2 to 35.45 ± 11.0; p = 0.009), us-CRP (0.38 ± 0.3 to 0.19 ± 0.1; p = 0.007) and AGP-A levels (75.3 ± 15.4 to 61.1 ± 5.9; p = 0.005). Changes in BP, ANAC and MDA were not observed. The 25(OH)D and PTH, us-CRP and AGP-A levels of participants with the BB/Bb genotype were more responsive to supplementation, but their other markers did not change. Conclusions Supplementation with a vitamin D3 megadose reduced inflammatory markers and increased the total antioxidant capacity in elderly women with vitamin D insufficiency. The 25(OH)D, PTH, us-CRP and AGP-A levels of elderly patients with the BB/Bb genotype were more responsive to supplementation compared with those with the bb genotype.

Objective: In Brazil, demographic, socioeconomic and epidemiological changes over time have led to a transition in nutritional standards, resulting in a gradual reduction of malnutrition and an increased prevalence of overweight and obese individuals, similar to the situation in developed countries in previous decades. This study assessed the body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of an overweight status and obesity, adjusted for various factors, in a population in northeastern Brazil including all age groups. Methods: This is a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological study using single sampling procedure composed of levels. Given the heterogeneity of the variable “income” and the relationship between income, prevalence of diseases and nutrition, a stratified sampling on blocks in the first level was used. In this, city districts were classified by income into 10 strata, according to information obtained from IBGE. A systematic sampling was applied on randomly selected blocks in order to choose the residences that would be part of the sample (second level), including 1165 participants from all age groups. Results and Discussion: The prevalence of an overweight status or obesity was adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle variables. When the Chi-square test was applied, a relationship was observed between the prevalence of an overweight status or obesity and the age group, gender, educational level and income of the participants. Regarding lifestyle parameters, only smoking was associated with the prevalence of an overweight status or obesity, in both adults and in the total sample. The results for the following groups were significant (p &lt, 0.05): the age group from 20 to 59 years, when the individual presented an educational level greater than or equal to high school, and the age group ≥ 60 years, when the individual was female. It is noteworthy that educational level and being female were significant in adjusting for the total population as major factors influencing an increased BMI, followed by the variables physical activity and family income. Conclusions: The adjusted results justify the adoption of intervention and prevention policies to combat these clinical conditions for the study population as a whole, particularly directed toward adults with higher education level as well as elderly females.

Studies of genes that play an important role in the development of obesity are needed, especially studies focusing on genes that regulate food intake and affect nutrient metabolism. For example, the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) responds to noradrenaline and mediates lipolysis in adipocytes. This was a controlled intervention study involving 40 overweight and obese adult women in which food intake, anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses, and methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene were evaluated before and after intervention. The individuals were randomized into four groups: group 1 (G1) received 300 g of vegetables and legumes containing on average 191 μg/day of folate and 1 hazelnut oil capsule; group 2 (G2) received 300 g of vegetables and legumes containing on average 191 μg/day of folate and 1 placebo capsule; group 3 (G3) received 300 g of vegetables and legumes containing on average 90 μg/day of folate and 1 hazelnut oil capsule; and individuals in group 4 (G4) were only followed-up and maintained their regular dietary habits. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student’s t test and simple regression, using STATA 13 software. In the total sample, after the intervention, the women classified as overweight and obese did not present weight loss, and there was a reduction in the methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene and malondialdehyde, as well as an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity. The beneficial effect of the intake of a hazelnut capsule on the methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene was demonstrated for the first time. ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT 02846025

Summary Objectives To evaluate the effect of Bach flower Rescue Remedy on the control of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in rats. Design A randomized longitudinal experimental study. Methods Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of six animals each and orogastrically dosed with either 200 μl of water (group A, control), or 100 μl of water and 100 μl of Bach flower remedy (group B), or 200 μl of Bach flower remedy (group C) every 2 days, for 20 days. All animals were fed standard rat chow and water ad libitum . Main outcome measures Urine volume, body weight, feces weight, and food intake were measured every 2 days. On day 20, tests of glycemia, hyperuricemia, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol were performed, and the anatomy and histopathology of the heart, liver and kidneys were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. Results No significant differences were found in food intake, feces weight, urine volume and uric acid levels between groups. Group C had a significantly lower body weight gain than group A and lower glycemia compared with groups A and B. Groups B and C had significantly higher HDL-cholesterol and lower triglycerides than controls. Animals had mild hepatic steatosis, but no cardiac or renal damage was observed in the three groups. Conclusion Bach flower Rescue Remedy was effective in controlling glycemia, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol and may serve as a strategy for reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease in rats. This study provides some preliminary “proof of concept” data that Bach Rescue Remedy may exert some biological effects.

To our knowledge, the frequency of serum chromium deficiency in patients awaiting bariatric surgery has not been determined. This study was designed to assess chromium concentration and its association with glycemic levels and lipid profile in patients prior to bariatric surgery.This study recruited 73 candidates for bariatric surgery between March and September 2012. Their sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected.Of the 73 patients, 55 (75.3%) were women (75.34%). Mean patient age was 37.20 ± 9.92 years, and mean body mass index was 47.48 kg/m2 (range, 43.59 to 52.50 kg/m2). Chromium deficiency was observed in 64 patients (87.7%). Correlation analysis showed significant negative relationships between chromium concentration and BMI and zinc concentration and a significant positive relationship between chromium and glycated hemoglobin. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum chromium concentration was significantly associated with total cholesterol (β = 0.171, p = 0.048) and triglyceride (β = -0.181, p = 0.039) concentrations.Serum chromium deficiency is frequent in candidates for bariatric surgery and is associated with total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Early nutritional interventions are needed to reduce nutritional deficiencies and improve the lipid profile of these patients.

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver e aplicar um novo instrumento para avaliar o pré-natal com base nas diretrizes do Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal e do Nascimento do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro, inserindo elementos quanti-qualitativos distribuídos segundo a tríade avaliativa de infra-estrutura, processo de trabalho e resultados. MÉTODOS: Este estudo transversal, de natureza analítico-descritiva e abordagem quantitativa, foi desenvolvido com 238 usuárias em 44 serviços da atenção primária à saúde do Município de João Pessoa, Nordeste do Brasil, de novembro de 2010 a dezembro de 2011. Também foram entrevistados médicos e enfermeiros envolvidos no cuidado pré-natal. O instrumento elaborado pelos pesquisadores continha 23 questões relativas a infra-estrutura, processo de trabalho e resultados da assistência pré-natal. A partir das informações coletadas, o pré-natal foi classificado pelo que denominamos de Índice IPR/Pré-Natal. Para cada questão atribui-se o valor 1 para adequado, quando em conformidade com os critérios estabelecidos, e 2 para inadequado. Com base na porcentagem representada pela soma do número de questões adequadas dos três componentes em relação ao total de 23 questões, o cuidado pré-natal foi classificado em: adequado superior (100% de questões adequadas); adequado (>75%); intermediário (51 a 74%); e inadequado (OBJECTIVE: To develop and apply a new instrument to evaluate prenatal care based on the guidelines of the Brazilian Humanization Program for Prenatal Care and Birth, including quantitative and qualitative elements distributed according to the evaluation triad of structure, process, and outcomes. METHODS: An analytic, descriptive, quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out with 238 women receiving care in 44 primary care services in the city of João Pessoa, Northeast Brazil, between November 2010 and December 2011. Physicians and nurses involved in prenatal care were also interviewed. The instrument developed by the investigators contains 23 questions relating to structure, process and outcomes of pre-natal care. Based on the information collected, pre-natal care was classified according to an IPR/Pre-Natal index (Índice IPR/Pré-Natal, where I stands for infrastructure, P for work process and R for results). A value of 1 is attributed to each question if it complies with the criteria established for quality, or 2 if it does not comply. The percent of adequate answers in relation to the 23 total questions is used to classify prenatal care as: upper adequate (100% adequate answers); adequate (>75%); intermediate (51 to 74%); and inadequate (

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver e aplicar um novo instrumento para avaliar o pre-natal com base nas diretrizes do Programa de Humanizacao do Pre-Natal e do Nascimento do Ministerio da Saude brasileiro, inserindo elementos quanti-qualitativos distribuidos segundo a triade avaliativa de infra-estrutura, processo de trabalho e resultados. METODOS: Este estudo transversal, de natureza analitico-descritiva e abordagem quantitativa, foi desenvolvido com 238 usuarias em 44 servicos da atencao primaria a saude do Municipio de Joao Pessoa, Nordeste do Brasil, de novembro de 2010 a dezembro de 2011. Tambem foram entrevistados medicos e enfermeiros envolvidos no cuidado pre-natal. O instrumento elaborado pelos pesquisadores continha 23 questoes relativas a infra-estrutura, processo de trabalho e resultados da assistencia pre-natal. A partir das informacoes coletadas, o pre-natal foi classificado pelo que denominamos de Indice IPR/Pre-Natal. Para cada questao atribui-se o valor 1 para adequado, quando em conformidade com os criterios estabelecidos, e 2 para inadequado. Com base na porcentagem representada pela soma do numero de questoes adequadas dos tres componentes em relacao ao total de 23 questoes, o cuidado pre-natal foi classificado em: adequado superior (100% de questoes adequadas); adequado (>75%); intermediario (51 a 74%); e inadequado (

OBJETIVOS: caracterizar a assistência pré-natal em Unidades básicas de Saúde envolvendo profissionais e usuárias do município de João Pessoa-PB. MÉTODOS: estudo do tipo transversal e analítico-descritivo. A fim de caracterizar o pré-natal, um instrumento específico foi elaborado com base nas diretrizes do Programa de Humanização do Pré-natal e Nascimento reunindo questões distribuídas e analisadas segundo a tríade avaliativa: estrutura, processo e resultados. RESULTADOS: observou-se boa infra-estrutura em maior parte dos serviços; quanto ao processo, identificou-se baixa adesão aos requisitos mínimos do Programa de Humanização do Pré-natal e Nascimento (39,9%), além de baixo percentual de serviços com atividades de educação em saúde (45,5%) e avaliação interna (47,7%). Para os resultados da assistência, altos percentuais de gestantes com intercorrências clínicas (60,9%), inadequada situação nutricional (56,3% sobrepeso e obesidade) e baixa prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo (58,05 ± 34,19 dias) foram observados. CONCLUSÕES: aspectos de processo referentes à adesão ao pré-natal, presença de serviços com atividades de educação em saúde e indicadores de avaliação interna além de questões de resultados envolvendo intercorrências clínicas, inadequada situação nutricional na gestação e baixa prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo são barreiras à qualidade das ações de pré-natal no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde.

Obesity is highly prevalent in developed countries and contributes to a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality. Increased adiposity is often accompanied by comorbidities such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, low-grade inflammation, immune disorders, endocrine complications, and sleep apnea, which may require specific dietary and pharmacological interventions. The current obesity epidemic requires a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which genetic and epigenetic factors interact to determine metabolic characteristics. Epigenetic studies are dynamic; tags with reversible potential can be influenced by genetics and environment attributing phenotypic variations. There are large knowledge gaps regarding how human epigenetic changes are related to obesity and its consequences. Therefore, the present study elucidates the role of epigenetics in the etiology of obesity. Recent studies suggest that the epigenetic regulation of gene expression (DNA methylation and histone modifications) could be a major contributor to the variation of susceptibility to diseases such as obesity. The identification of genes that determine obesity susceptibility can provide information on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying body weight regulation, food intake control and fat distribution, which in turn can lead to new approaches to treatment and prevention of obesity.

INTRODUÇÃO: Achados epidemiológicos têm demonstrado o aumento da prevalência de obesidade em diversos segmentos da população mundial. Neste contexto, a cirurgia bariátrica é aceita, atualmente, como a ferramenta mais eficaz no tratamento e controle da obesidade mórbida. Vários estudos vêm avaliando o estado nutricional após operações bariátricas, principalmente as mistas, detectando redução no consumo alimentar de proteínas, vitaminas e minerais. No entanto, outros investigam a presença de deficiências nutricionais antes da realização da operação, que podem ser agravadas com o procedimento cirúrgico, resultando em complicações pós-operatórias graves. OBJETIVO: Analisar a literatura para as deficiências de micronutrientes em pacientes obesos antes da cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODO: Realizou-se revisão sistemática em bases eletrônicos, a saber: PubMed/Medline, Scielo, Lilacs e Bireme. As seguintes palavras-chave foram utilizadas individualmente ou em associação: bariatric surgery, obesity, preoperative, gastric bypass, vitamin deficiencies, mineral deficiencies and absorption nutrient. Foram incluídos 40 artigos de revisão e originais, publicados entre 2005 a 2012. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se como consenso o fato de que a combinação de deficiências nutricionais no pré-operatório, as restrições e má absorção induzidas pela cirurgia bariátrica podem levar a importante déficits nutricionais durante o período pós-operatório tardio, principalmente de micronutrientes, resultando em complicações graves. CONCLUSÃO: A alta ocorrência de deficiência de micronutrientes no pré-operatório detectada em obesos mórbidos candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica, somado a um processo disabsortivo, pode envolver pior prognóstico durante o período pós-operatório tardio. Avaliação pré-operatória dos parâmetros nutricionais e da ingestão de alimentos é recomendado em conjunto com as intervenções. INTRODUCTION: Data already demonstrated the increased prevalence of obesity in various segments of the population. In this context, bariatric surgery is accepted nowadays as the most effective tool in the treatment and control of morbid obesity. Several studies have evaluated the nutritional status after bariatric surgery, especially mixed by detecting a reduction in food intake of protein, vitamins and minerals. However, other studies have investigated the presence of nutritional deficiencies prior to surgery, which may be aggravated by the surgical procedure, resulting in serious postoperative complications. AIM: To analyze the literature in relationship to micronutrient deficiencies in obese patients before bariatric surgery. METHOD: Was carried out a systematic review in several electronic databases, such as PubMed/ Medline, Scielo, Lilacs and Bireme. The following keywords were used alone or in combination: bariatric surgery, obesity, preoperative, gastric bypass, vitamin deficiencies, deficiencies and mineral nutrient absorption. Were included 40 review and original articles published between 2005 to 2012. RESULTS: There were consensus on the combination of preoperative nutritional deficiencies, restrictions and malabsorption, possibly induced by bariatric surgery that can lead patients to experience significant nutritional deficits during the late postoperative period, especially of micronutrients, resulting in serious complications. CONCLUSIONS: The high occurrence of micronutrient deficiencies preoperatively detected in morbidly obese candidates for bariatric surgery, plus a malabsorptive procedure, may involve worse prognosis during the late postoperative period. Preoperative evaluation of nutritional parameters and food intake is recommended in conjunction with surgical interventions.

Dyslipidemia and genetic polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases, and watermelon appears to have the potential to improve hyperlipidemia due to the presence of nutrients such as arginine and citrulline.To test the hypolipidemic effect of watermelon extract (Citrullus lanatus) and the influence of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype (MTHFR C677T) on supplementation response.This is an experimental clinical phase II randomized and double-blind study. Forty-three subjects with dyslipidemia were randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental (n = 22) and control (n = 21) groups. The subjects were supplemented daily for 42 days with 6 g of watermelon extract or a mixture of carbohydrates (sucrose/glucose/fructose).The use of watermelon extract reduced plasma total cholesterol (p0.05) and low-density lipoprotein (p0.01) without modifying triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein values. Only carriers of the T allele (MTHFR C677T) showed decreasing concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (p0.01). No changes in anthropometric parameters analyzed were observed. This is the first study to demonstrate the beneficial effect of the consumption of watermelon extract in reducing plasma levels of lipids in humans. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism did not affect the plasma lipid concentration but made individuals more responsive to treatment with watermelon.The consumption of this functional food represents an alternative therapy in the combined treatment of patients with dyslipidemia, promoting health and minimizing the development of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores relacionados à prevalência da hipovitaminose D e relação com pressão arterial em 91 idosos hipertensos de João Pessoa, PB/BR. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Em estudo transversal, níveis de 25-hidroxivitamina D foram comparados com dados bioquímicos, antropométricos, dietéticos, tipo de pele, exposição solar e pressão arterial. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da inadequação da vitamina (25-hidroxivitamina D < 29 ng/mL) foi 33%. A concentração sérica de 25-hidroxivitamina D associou-se inversamente com a pressão arterial sistólica e positivamente com frequência semanal do consumo de peixes. As outras variáveis estudadas não mostraram associação significativa com 25-hidroxivitamina D. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência da inadequação das concentrações de vitamina D foi elevada e relacionada com maior pressão arterial em idosos. Por outro lado, um maior consumo semanal de peixe está ligado a maiores concentrações da 25-hidroxivitamina D. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of inadequate vitamin D status and its relationship with associated factors in 91 elderly hypertensive patients in João Pessoa, PB/BR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 91 elderly patients were compared with biochemical, anthropometric, and dietary data, type of skin, exposure to sunlight, and blood pressure. RESULTS: The prevalence of inadequate vitamin concentrations (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 29 ng/mL) was 33%. The concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure and positively associated with weekly fish consumption. The other variables showed no significant association with 25-hydroxyvitamin D. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of inadequate vitamin D concentrations was related with higher blood pressure in elderly patients. Moreover, greater fish weekly consumption influenced greater 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration.

OBJETIVOS: comparar, entre obesos e eutróficos, os parâmetros de modulação autonômica cardíaca e analisar o efeito da suplementação da vitamina C na modulação autonômica cardíaca em crianças obesas, no repouso e durante o exercício isométrico respectivamente. MÉTODOS: participaram oito crianças eutróficas (IMC = 18 ± 1Kg/cm²) e 21 obesas (IMC = 29 ± 1Kg/cm²), com idade entre 8 e 11 anos, ambos os gêneros, distribuídas em dois grupos: suplementadas com 500 mg de vitamina C (n=11), e placebo (n=10), durante 45 dias. Modulação autonômica cardíaca foi avaliada por análise espectral da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em repouso e durante o exercício isométrico. RESULTADOS: crianças obesas, no repouso e durante o exercício isométrico, apresentaram uma maior ativação simpática cardíaca e uma menor atividade vagal. Quando se comparou os componentes espectrais de baixa e alta frequência entre os grupos avaliados, observaram-se diferenças significativas. Após suplementação com vitamina C, os componentes espectrais foram similares àqueles observados nas crianças eutróficas, tanto no repouso como durante o exercício isométrico. CONCLUSÕES: crianças obesas apresentam uma maior atividade simpática e menor atividade vagal no repouso e durante o exercício isométrico quando comparada as crianças eutróficas. Como também, a suplementação oral com vitamina C, em altas doses, pode restaurar a disfunção autonômica cardíaca em crianças obesas. OBJECTIVES: to draw a comparison between obese and eutrophic children regarding cardiac autonomic modulation and to investigate the effect of vitamin C supplements on cardiac autonomic modulation in obese children, at rest and during isometric exercise. METHODS: the study covered eight eutrophic (IMC= 18 ± 1Kg/cm²) and 21 obese (IMC = 29 ± 1Kg/cm²) children aged between 8 and 11 years of both sexes, distributed into two groups: one receiving a 500 mg vitamin C supplement (n=11), and the other a placebo (n=10), for 45 days. Cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated by way of spectral analysis of the variability of cardiac frequency at rest and during isometric exercise. RESULTS: obese children, at rest and during isometric exercise, presented a higher degree of sympathetic cardiac activation and less vagal activity. Comparison of the low- and high-frequency spectral components of the two groups revealed significant differences. After the use of vitamin C supplements, the spectral components were similar to those found in eutrophic children, both at rest and during isometric exercise. CONCLUSIONS: obese children showed greater sympathetic activity and less vagal activity at rest and during isometric exercise compared to eutrophic children. The use of high doses of oral vitamin C supplements may correct the cardiac autonomic dysfunction in obese children.

FUNDAMENTO: A resposta vasodilatadora periférica tem um papel importante na fisiopatologia da obesidade e das doenças cardíacas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito crônico da suplementação de vitamina C (VitC) sobre a pressão arterial e na resposta vasodilatadora ao estresse mental. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo prospectivo, randomizado e duplo cego foram avaliadas crianças obesas, de ambos os gêneros e com idade entre 8 a 12 anos divididas em 2 grupos: 1) grupo de crianças suplementadas com 500 mg de vitamina C (n = 11) e, 2) substância placebo (n = 10) durante 45 dias. Oito crianças eutróficas, pareadas por idade também foram arroladas no estudo. Foi avaliada a pressão arterial média (PAM), frequência cardíaca (ECG) e fluxo sanguíneo no antebraço pela plestimografia de oclusão venosa. A condutância vascular no antebraço (CVA) foi obtida através da relação entre o fluxo sanguíneo no antebraço e a PAM (X100). RESULTADOS: Antes da intervenção, as crianças obesas apresentaram PAM maior e CVA menor quando comparadas às crianças eutróficas. Pós-intervenção, o Grupo VitC apresentou redução da PAM no repouso (81 ± 2 vs 75 ± 1 mmHg, p = 0,01), enquanto no Grupo Placebo não houve alteração da PAM (p = 0,58). Adicionalmente, VitC promoveu um aumento da CVA no repouso (3,40 ± 0,5 vs 5,09 ± 0,6 un, p = 0,04) e durante o estresse mental (3,92 ± 0,5 vs 6,68 ± 0,9 un, p = 0,03). Além disso, pós suplementação com VitC, os níveis da CVA foram estatisticamente semelhantes aos das crianças eutróficas no repouso (5,09 ± 0,6 vs 5,82 ± 0,4 un, p > 0,05) e durante o estresse mental (6,68 ± 0,9 vs 7,35 ± 0,5 un, p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Suplementação com VitC reduziu a pressão arterial e restabeleceu a resposta vasodilatadora periférica em crianças obesas. BACKGROUND: Peripheral vasodilation response plays an important role in the pathophysiology of obesity and heart disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the chronic effect of vitamin C (VitC) supplementation on blood pressure and on vasodilation response to mental stress. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized and prospective study we evaluated obese children with 8 to 12 years in 2 similar groups: 1) supplemented with 500 mg VitC (n = 11) and 2) placebo (n = 10) for 45 days. Eight age-matched lean control children were also studied. We evaluated: mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR) and forearm blood flow by venous occlusion plethismography. Forearm vascular conductance (FVC) was calculated by: (forearm blood flow/PAM) X100. RESULTS: On pre-intervention evaluations obese children showed higher MBP and lower FVC compared to lean control children. After intervention VitC diminished MBP at rest (81 ± 2 vs 75 ± 1 mmHg, p = 0.01), whereas placebo did not promote changes in MBP (p = 0.58). In addition, VitC promoted FVC increase at rest (3.40 ± 0.5 vs 5.09 ± 0.6 un, p = 0.04) and during the mental stress (3.92 ± 0.5 vs 6.68 ± 0.9 un, p = 0.03). Moreover, after VitC supplementation FVC levels were similar to the lean control children at rest (5.09 ± 0.6 vs 5.82 ± 0.4 un, p > 0.05) and during mental stress (6.68 ± 0.9 vs 7.35 ± 0.5 un, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: VitC supplementation reduced the MBP and restored peripheral vasodilatation response during mental stress in obese children. FUNDAMENTO: La respuesta vasodilatadora periférica tiene un papel importante en la fisiopatología de la obesidad y de las enfermedades cardíacas. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto crónico de la suplementación de vitamina C (VitC) sobre la presión arterial y en la respuesta vasodilatadora al estrés mental. MÉTODOS: En este estudio prospectivo, randomizado y doble ciego fueron evaluados niños obesos, de ambos géneros, con edades entre 8 y 12 años divididos en 2 grupos: 1) grupo de niños suplementados con 500 mg de vitamina C (n = 11) y, 2) substancia placebo (n = 10) durante 45 días. Ocho niños eutróficos, pareados por edad también fueron incluidos en el estudio. Fueron evaluados la presión arterial media (PAM), la frecuencia cardíaca (ECG) y el flujo sanguíneo en el antebrazo por plestimografía de oclusión venosa. La conductancia vascular en el antebrazo (CVA) fue obtenida por medio de la relación entre el flujo sanguíneo en el antebrazo y la PAM (X100). RESULTADOS: Antes de la intervención, los niños obesos presentaron PAM mayor y CVA menor cuando fueron comparados con el Grupo C. Post intervención, el Grupo VitC presentó reducción de la PAM en reposo (81 ± 2 vs 75 ± 1 mmHg, p = 0,01), mientras en el Grupo Placebo no hubo alteración de la PAM (p = 0,58). Adicionalmente, VitC promovió un aumento de la CVA en reposo (3,40 ± 0,5 vs 5,09 ± 0,6 un, p = 0,04) y durante el estrés mental (3,92 ± 0,5 vs 6,68 ± 0,9 un, p = 0,03). Además de eso, post suplementación con VitC, los niveles de la CVA fueron estadísticamente semejantes a los del Grupo C en reposo (5,09 ± 0,6 vs 5,82 ± 0,4 un, p > 0,05) y durante el estrés mental (6,68 ± 0,9 vs 7,35 ± 0,5 un, p > 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: Suplementación con VitC redujo la presión arterial y restableció la respuesta vasodilatadora periférica en niños obesos.

In an ongoing project to evaluate natural compounds isolated from by-products or wastes from vegetables and fruits (edible plants) as modulators of antibiotic resistance, ethanol extract from mango peel was investigated using Staphylococcus aureus strains possessing efflux mechanisms of resistance to norfloxacin, erythromycin and tetracycline. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the antibiotics were determined by the micro dilution assay in the absence and in the presence of sub-inhibitory mango peel extract concentration. Although the extract did not display relevant antibacterial activity (MIC>2048 µg/mL), it modulated the activity of antibiotics, i.e. in combination with antibiotics (at 512 µg/mL), a four-fold reduction in the MIC values for tetracycline and erythromycin was observed. The results presented here indicates that mango peel could serve as a source of potential adjuvant of antibiotics which add value to this mango by-product.