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Background: This study was conducted at a rural Community of Lahore Pakistan in 2021, to assess the different factors that affect place of delivery and delivery practices. The different factors that affect delivery choices were financial problems, gender role issues and traditional practices, cultural and ethnic values, access to health centers due to distance. Study design and method: A descriptive cross sectional quantitative study design was used. Data was collected from married females through convenient non probability sampling technique and interviews. 70 married females participated in this study. Results: Fear of hospital due to no exposure in health centers , lack of maternal education and cultural values major influence their delivery choice, According to the results approximately 70% of the population had cost issues and 58% preferred to deliver at home because of psychological satisfaction and convenience. Conclusion: The findings of the Research emphasize the need of building maternal health centers to overcome the cost and distance issues. Educating females regarding maternal health. Maternal health centers may effectively reduce the risk of precipitate delivery and traditional delivery practices.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Indian olive seed extracts. Plant seeds were sequentially extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, and water. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of extracts were carried out. Olea europaea methanolic extract (MEOE) and aqueous extract (AEOE) were orally administered to normoglycemic and alloxan-treated diabetic rats so as to determine their hypoglycemic effect. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed gallic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, and vanillic acid in MEOE. It was found that the methanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited the maximum DPPH and alpha-amylase inhibition activities, respectively. MEOE and AEOE exerted a significant decline in the fasting blood sugar in diabetic animals ( p < 0.05 ); however, they did not cause hypoglycemia in nondiabetic animals. Treatment with MEOE and AEOE reduced the aggravated liver and kidney function biomarkers. Aggravated levels of oxidative stress biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were restored by treatment with MEOE. Moreover, MEOE improved the count of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, fatty changes, and enlarged sinusoidal spaces in the liver and necrosis of the glomerulus and tubular cells of the kidney in diabetic rats. This study showed that the African olive seed extract effectively managed experimental diabetes and restored the normal functions and histology of the liver and kidney in diabetic rats through the reduction of oxidative stress.

All disciplines of knowledge are regulated by certain principles, associated with particular branches of study. Holy Qur’ān, as an everlasting miracle, contains injunctions and rulings to all facets of life for all ages. Tafsir, literally ‘to explain’ is the explanation of Holy Qur’ān. To provide elucidation for better understanding, different kinds of Qur’ānic interpretations are being penned from early Islamic history. Principles of Tafsir, as a separate academic field, developed in the early centuries of Islamic History in different phases. Few Tafsir principles are unanimously agreed upon among exegetes while others are not accepted by all. Thus, dissension in Tafsir principles leads the interpreters to ponder in Qur’ān differently and bring valuable aspects of Qur’ānic teachings into the light. This research paper briefly reviews the fundamental principles of Tafsir and its impacts on Allamah Anayat Allah Khan al-Mashraqīs Tafsir “Tazkirah”. Exegetes of the Subcontinent have contributed significantly to Tafsir Literature. In all interpretations, exegetes established and describe a few principles which they did follow to interpret Holy Qur’ān. Exegeses in the subcontinent can be classified into two major types, Tafsir bi al-Riwāyah (explanation through sound transmissions), and Tafsir bi al-Ra’ay (Interpretation by reasoning). Generally, the latter one was not approved by mainstream Islamic theologians of the subcontinent. Moreover, the comparison and relevancy of Tafsir Tazkirah to traditional Tafsir, as well as, outlook of this modernist exegete, is also a prime concern of this research paper. By adopting qualitative methodology, findings would be concluded in the end.

Allah Almighty has commanded us to hold the Holy Quràn firmly and gives tidings to those who hold the Holy Quràn firmly.It is a great, unique and insightful book. It is a sea of knowledge. This is an advice for those who are wise.Allah Almighty gives instructions in various forms. Every style affects the heart. One of it is interrogative style.In Holy Quràn different kinds of verses are used in several places in which questions are raised.For example,verses regarding Faith, worship, matters and belief in the Hereafter. In these verses, Allah Almighty is questioning the Muslims for specific purposes. Wisdom is hidden in these interrogative verses, which affects the humanity and lead Muslims to the path of Faith and guidance.In this research paper style and purpose of Interrogative verses of the Holy Qur’an are analyzed in the light of different exegesis of the last revealed book.

Pakistan is the sixth largest populated country estimated to have 200 million persons. Nearly half of its population is comprised of Women. Pakistani Women are contributing to advancement of this country by playing a vital role in core fields. But there are some areas where women are facing challenges like gender discrimination, limited access to education, domestic violence etc. Islam bestowed women a significance value in Islamic community. It is Islam that transforms women from symbol of shame to mark of an honor in Man dominated society. Beside this Glory there are also certain limits for women described by Islam. Muslim Women of Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) era is the perfect exemplary Models for us. Besides being a dutiful Mother, Wife, Daughter and sister they did engage in worldly affairs too. It is true that home and family should be women’s first priority but in present time importance of women role cannot be denied in particular fields. Constitution of Pakistan provides equal rights to women. In 21st century we need a balanced and practical vision that ensures socio-economic development of Pakistani women without disturbing social Islamic structure. Briefly In this article these issues will be analyzed with practical approach by concluding applicable proposals.

The presence of pharmaceutical wastage and their metabolites in the wastewater, even in low absorption concentration has adverse effects on society and the environment. A recyclable and economical-friendly photocatalytic technique is applicable for decontamination and sanitization of the polluted water from the anti-parasitic drugs. Here, activated carbon was synthesized which has become more efficient and suitable for degradation purpose. Peanut shell-based activated carbon (PSAC) and sugarcane bagasse (SBAC) are used for this research. In this research study, results indicate that PSAC was more profitable and energetic as compared to SBAC. XRD demonstrates that PSAC has sharp peaks at 26.8° and 65.6° but SBAC has no specific sharp peaks. SEM analytic pictures visualized that PSAC has a granular nanoporous structure that is efficacious for the Iverzine degradation rather than nano and micro layers based on SBAC. EDX spectrums confessed that PSAC has a high peak of activated carbon and very small impurity peaks of sulphur and oxygen rather than SBAC. By the investigation of FTIR spectra, SBAC and PSAC both have almost the same absorbance bonds but have different percentage transmittance. An analytic study of degradation spectrum, it has been noticed that PSAC degraded 89% of Iverzine drug but SBAC has degraded just about 63%. All the results demonstrated that PSAC was more energetic for the absorption and degradation of pharmaceuticals from water.

A highly efficient, visible-light-driven and hybrid-activated carbon-doped pure tungsten trioxide (WO3) composite photocatalyst, with greatest stability has been synthesized by using hydrothermal method. Carbon nanoparticles were prepared by using sugarcane bagasse, and tungsten trioxide was prepared by using sodium tungstate (Na2WO4·2H2O) as a starting material. This study considers the photo-degradation of paracetamol by photocatalysis process, under visible-light irradiation. To study the properties of the prepared materials, SEM, TEM, FTIR, PL, and UV were performed. SEM was used to find the structure and size of the prepared materials. FTIR was used to analyze the presence of functional groups in the material. PL and UV were used to analyze the optical properties of the prepared materials. The SEM images of the prepared sample of WO3 showed that it has structure-like nanocubic and rectangular rods which become sharper by addition of carbon nanoparticles. The average size of the nanorods was about 50–550 nm. Some of the nanorods have smaller sizes about 25–250 nm which became beneficial for the photo-degradation process. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed that the band gap of the prepared samples varied from 2.78 to 2.26 eV, and this variation of the band gap was due to the variation in the concentration of the carbon nanoparticles. PL-spectroscopy analyzed the excitation wavelength of the prepared sample which was 448 nm. The efficiency of the prepared samples was evaluated by using paracetamol as target pollutant; carbon-doped composites of WO3 showed a greater photocatalytic performance as compared with the pure WO3. From the results of the photocatalytic activity, it was clear that composite having 2% carbon has the highest efficiency to degrade the paracetamol.

In this work, the hybrid WO3/titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts were prepared using hydrothermal method for the degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation. The scanning e...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the involvement of adolescents in family vacation and dining out on the basis of the type of family. Also, the purpose of this paper is to refine the Scanzoni’s sex role orientation scale (SSRS) in the Indian context. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from adolescents in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh (states in India). The response rate is 44.88 per cent. Sex role orientation was measured using the Scanzoni’s SSRS. Findings There is a decline in the involvement of adolescents through the major decision-making stages for both the services, family vacation and dining out. There is no significant difference in the involvement of adolescents in dual-income and single-income families for a vacation and dining out, except that the children from dual-income families are more involved in destination selection for a vacation. Also, the adolescents in modern families are significantly involved in the sub-decision stages, spending and selection of travel agent. Practical implications The marketers should advertise the vacation destinations to adolescent children in dual-earning families. Also, the travel agencies should design their promotion strategies so as to appeal to the adolescent children with modern attitudes. While catering to the needs of a family, travel agencies must present their services in a way that appeals to adolescents in modern families. Also, this aspect must be taken care of in all the pricing strategies and promotions for the modern families. Originality/value Despite the large number of studies in various Western countries in this area, few studies investigate adolescent influence in family decision-making in India. The present study takes into account the type of family, single income or dual income (on the basis of the employment of parents) and traditional or modern (on the basis of gender role orientation).

Fumaria officinalis belongs to family papaveraceae and is traditionally used to treat hypertension, hepatitis and diabetes. The current study was conducted to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity of Fumaria officinalis. Aerial parts of the plant were sequentially extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on all extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition method. In vitro alpha-amylase inhibitory activity was performed on all extracts by using dinitrosalicylic acid. Effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of F. officinalis on blood glucose was evaluated in normo-glycaemic rats and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Glimepiride 0.2 mg/kg was used as standard therapy in diabetic rats. Results showed that methanolic extract exhibited the maximum percentage inhibition of DPPH (86.30%) and alpha-amylase inhibition (94.01%) at 500 µg/ml and 16 mg/ml concentration respectively. Administration in normo-glycaemic rats did not show any significant decrease in blood glucose level at 500 and 750 mg/kg dosage. Aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited a significant hypoglycaemic effect (pË‚0.05) at all doses. A significant increase in the body weight and an improvement in liver and kidney function tests of diabetic rats were observed. These extracts also reduced the damage to the cells of glomeruli, interstitial inflammation, necrosis of tubular cells and thrombosis in the kidney, the enlargement of sinusoids and steatosis in the liver of diabetic rats. This study concludes that F. officinalis may have antidiabetic potential possibly due to its antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities.

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an innovative approach based on Software Defined Radio (SDR) that utilizes frequency spectrum efficiently to accommodate large number of users. Fast & fine spectrum sensing (to determine available free spectrum) is the primary objective in CR systems. Spectrum sensing is effected by multipath and shadowing which are the major hindrances in wireless communication; there are different methods to perform spectrum sensing. This paper aims to investigate the spectrum sensing through energy detection method over different fading channels (AWGN, Rayleigh, Nakagami) and shows a detailed comparison of these channels parameters based on simulation results. Degradation of performance as a result of multipath & shadowing is improved by collaborative spectrum sensing. Initially, spectrum sensing is compared using different channels and then improvement in results is shown using collaborative spectrum sensing.

Family purchase decision making has been an interesting topic of study for marketing researchers, after the ground-breaking work of Davis. Still, there is a lack of serious research in this area in developing countries. This research paper is an empirical study on the role of husband and wives in the purchase decision making process for family vacation of 125 couples in Delhi, India (Metro, Tier I city) and Aligarh, India (Tier II city). The role is examined on the basis of three major purchasing stages and the eight sub-decision stages encountered by the couple when deciding to go on a family vacation. After the analysis, it was found that the role structure for the vacation decision making in India is mainly joint, although, there is a difference between the role structure in Tier I and Tier II cities. In Tier II city like, Aligarh apart from joint decision, husband dominant decision making is also present. This shows that the patriarchal mindset still prevail in smaller cities as compared to a metro.