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Tetradesmus is a microalgal genus with biotechnological potential due to its rapid production of biomass, which is plenty in proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and bioactives. However, its morphology and physiology need to be determined to guide better research to optimize the species cultivation and biocompounds processing. Thus, this study describes the biochemistry and morphology of the strain Tetradesmus obliquus BR003, isolated from a sample of freshwater reservoirs in a Brazilian municipality. In the T. obliquus BR003 dry biomass, we identified 61.6% unsaturated fatty acids, and 3.4% saturated fatty acids. Regarding other compounds, 28.50 ± 1.47 g soluble proteins/100 g, 0.14 ± 0.009 g carotenoids/100 g, 0.76 ± 0.013 g chlorophyll a/100 g, and 0.42 ± 0.015 g chlorophyll b/100 g with a chlorophyll a/b ratio of 1.8 were detected. The main chemical elements found were S, Mg, and P. The cells of BR003 were elliptically curved at the ends and without appendages. Histochemical tests showed carbohydrates distributed in the cytoplasm and pyrenoids, some lipid droplets, and proteins. The cytoplasm is rich in vacuoles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. The nucleus has a predominance of decondensed chromatin, and the cell wall has three layers. Chloroplasts have many starch granules and may be associated with a spherical central pyrenoid. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first biochemical description combined with ultrastructural morphological characterization of the strain T. obliquus BR003, grown under standard conditions, to demonstrate specific characteristics of the species.

This work presents liquid–liquid equilibrium data for systems formed of organic solvents (acetone and dimethyl sulfoxide) and a vegetable oil blend composed of palm and coconut oils (MOPC). The MOPC represents the crude oil of the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a basis for studying the liquid–liquid extraction in the oil refining stage. The equilibrium data for the MOPC + dimethyl sulfoxide + acetone systems were determined at four temperatures (293.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K). Experimental binodal curves were performed by the cloud point determination, showing a decrease of the biphasic region with temperature increment. The UNIQUAC model was used to correlate the experimental data, using tripalmitin triacylglycerol properties to represent the vegetable oil blend. The standard deviation between the experimental and calculated data was 1.33%. The quality of experimental data and regressed parameters were checked by analyzing the Gibbs energy of the mixing function’s topology.

The fatty acid's contents of non-conform pooled human milk can be affected by different processing and storage operational conditions. Besides, the knowledge of changes in the human milk fatty acid profile can help indicate its use in a given storage period, according to each newborn's specific need. Thus, in the present work, changes in the fatty acid profiles of three types of human milk (raw; pasteurized at 62.5 °C for 30 min; homogenized at 40 oC for 30 s followed by pasteurization) were studied during storage for six months in a freezer at -18 oC. Large variations were observed in the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly of docosahexaenoic acid, with a reduction of almost 50% of its total. Palmitic and stearic acid contents also changed according to the conditions of processing and storage. Correlations between the decrease of long fatty acid chains and the increase of medium and short chains were verified. Thus, we observe that operational conditions of processing and storing change human milk lipid profile, with some nutritional losses.

This study is the first report in the literature of exergetic, economic, and environmental (3E) analysis for low cost solar heaters (LCSH). In this context, 3E analyses were performed for two LCSH configurations, tubes of the absorber plate connected in series and parallel. The mean exergy efficiency of the LCSH in parallel was 2.56% while for the LCSH in series it was 2.01%. The parallel collector presented lower rates of exergetic destruction and entropy generation, besides a higher overall efficiency. The use of alternative materials in the construction of the LCSH made it possible to achieve low values of embodied energy and embodied carbon emission and consequently excellent environmental indicators. It was found that the simple payback period (SPP) and the leveled heating cost (LCOH) found were 0.38 years and 0.014 US$ kWh−1 for the collector in parallel and 0.42 years and 0.016 US$ kWh−1 for the collector in series. Based on the analyses performed, the LCSH in parallel proved to be the most attractive alternative among the evaluated ones and is indicated for operations where high efficiencies and high temperatures are not required and the cost factor is important.

O carvão vegetal é um importante insumo na siderurgia nacional e seu uso tem muitas vantagens sobre o carvão mineral e o coque, uma vez que é renovável, menos poluente e com baixos teores de enxofre e fósforo. A partir disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho do resfriamento artificial do carvão vegetal em forno retangular. Para isso, foi avaliada a influência da variação da velocidade do escoamento de gás pelo leito poroso de carvão na qualidade final do produto. Foram utilizadas quatro velocidades de escoamento, em 3 repetições, totalizando 12 ensaios de carbonizações da madeira em um forno retangular. O uso do trocador de calor proporcionou redução no tempo de resfriamento de 76 para 28 horas. A maior redução no tempo de resfriamento foi obtida com a menor velocidade de escoamento. Nas maiores velocidades ocorreu queima de uma parte do carvão na seção de saída dos gases do forno, o que provocou aumento no tempo de resfriamento. No entanto, verificou-se que essas queimas parciais não causaram diferença significativa no rendimento gravimétrico em relação à testemunha. Para as velocidades adotadas, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos e a testemunha nos parâmetros de qualidade do carvão. Portanto, no dimensionamento de trocadores de calor, deve-se considerar a diferença de pressão entre as aberturas de sucção e injeção dos gases no forno para minimizar a infiltração de ar no forno.

O Brasil é um dos principais produtores mundiais de carne de frango e de ovos, e para se manter competitivo no mercado, novas metodologias vem sendo estudadas e implementadas a fim de se obter maior rendimento na produção, enfatizando-se o manejo, dieta, sanidade e ambiência. Neste sentido, o monitoramento e controle de variáveis relacionadas ao ambiente térmico e qualidade do ar são de extrema relevância. Ademais, o perfil do consumidor atual tem se mostrado cada vez mais exigente frente ao bem-estar animal diante da grande visibilidade desse conceito nos últimos anos, segundo o qual a procedência dos produtos consumidos são critérios de escolha no momento da compra. Na produção avícola industrial, um dos pontos cruciais para garantia de um ambiente confortável para as aves e, assim, boas respostas nos índices zootécnicos, consiste na escolha e dimensionamento correto do sistema de ventilação instalado nos galpões de criação. Diante disso, para alcançar melhor distribuição do fluxo de ar em aviários e atender as exigências internacionais de bem-estar e qualidade do ar, de acordo com os padrões de qualidade exigidos, esta revisão de literatura objetivou apresentar um levantamento dos principais sistemas de ventilação, bem como de sua aplicabilidade na avicultura brasileira, além de reportar o estado na arte nesse tema.

Several modeling techniques have been applied to describe mass transfer and adsorption in a cryogel column for chromatographic separations. Nevertheless, complex boundaries of this spongy matrix where the fluid dynamics, mass transport and reaction equations render such simulations of high computational resource requirements. Thus, this work proposed a fast-solving and robust simulations to analyze the field velocity and the concentration/adsorption profiles in unsteady state varying flow velocity and axial dispersion. Four proposals for monolith geometry with distinct tortuosities were suggested to evaluate the influence of channel architecture on transport phenomena. Breakthrough curves predicted by the Navier Stokes equations for monolithic channels were compared with those predicted by the Darcy equations for the cryogel column. The CFD model can be accepted as the soft sensor with feasible descriptions of more complex models. Experimental and predicted breakthrough curves presented good correlation with R2 values of 0.99 for channels in the triangular format and tortuosity of 1.12, which represented the monolithic architecture properly.

Chlorella spp. have been successfully cultured at commercial scale and show potential for the production of advanced biofuels. A current challenge in the downstream processing of Chlorella spp. is the sequential fractionation of whole biomass in different macromolecules such as lipids and carbohydrates. Herein, the biorefinery concept was used to evaluate the best sequence of extraction of carbohydrates and lipids of C. vulgaris. It is also important to develop biorefinery processes that produce green chemicals like ethanol because large volumes of solvents are required for lipid extraction. First, the extraction conditions were optimized to achieve maximum yields of carbohydrates and lipids separately. The extraction of carbohydrates was less complex than the multistage extraction of lipids from C. vulgaris. The use of ethanol and hexane mixture resulted in a lower extraction of lipids from C. vulgaris, even after 4 stages of extraction, and the final lipid content corresponded to only 65% of the lipids extracted with standard methods. Moreover, the multistage extraction of lipids did not improve the subsequent extraction of carbohydrates (lipids-carbohydrates route). However, the dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis drastically improved the subsequent multistage extraction of lipids (carbohydrates-lipids route), and the lipid yield using this route was twice higher in comparison with the lipids-carbohydrates route. The hydrolysates obtained using the routes carbohydrates-lipids and lipids-carbohydrates showed levels of 2.6 ± 0.2 and 2.7 ± 0.1 g L−1 of total neutral carbohydrates, respectively. The different routes did not exert a great effect on the levels of inhibitors.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the biomass burning process in a furnace, using chip as a raw material and an oxygen sensor (lambda probe) to monitor the percentage of oxygen in the gases exhausted during combustion, aiming to maintain the percentage of the coefficient of excess air (?) in the operating range of 1.20 to 1.25%, considered ideal for the biomass (chip) used in the study. Once the excess air is identified at the upper furnace exit, the air entrance in the system will be closed by means of a butterfly valve using a servo motor driven by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The valve was opened or closed according to the oxygen level; when it was lower than 1.20%, the door remained open, and it was closed when the level reached 1.25%, finishing the cycle of the process. The open and closed states of the valve occurred by means of two reed switch magnetic key sensors installed in the air intake system. For the control, monitoring and data acquisition, a supervisory system created using the Elipse SCADA software was used so it was possible to obtain a system database, which will provide important information to maximize the efficiency of the furnace. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biomass burning process in a furnace, using chip as a raw material and an oxygen sensor (lambda probe) to monitor the percentage of oxygen in the gases exhausted during combustion, aiming to maintain the percentage of the coefficient of excess air (?) in the operating range of 1.20 to 1.25%, considered ideal for the biomass (chip) used in the study. Once the excess air is identified at the upper furnace exit, the air entrance in the system will be closed by means of a butterfly valve using a servo motor driven by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The valve was opened or closed according to the oxygen level; when it was lower than 1.20%, the door remained open, and it was closed when the level reached 1.25%, finishing the cycle of the process. The open and closed states of the valve occurred by means of two reed switch magnetic key sensors installed in the air intake system. For the control, monitoring and data acquisition, a supervisory system created using the Elipse SCADA software was used so it was possible to obtain a system database, which will provide important information to maximize the efficiency of the furnace.

The harvesting process is a current challenge for the commercial production of microalgae because the biomass is diluted in the culture medium. Several methods have been proposed to harvest microalgae cells, but there is not a consensus about the optimum method for such application. Herein, the methods based on sedimentation, flocculation, and centrifugation were evaluated on the recovery of Chlorella sorokiniana BR001 cultivated in a low-nitrogen medium. C. sorokiniana BR001 was cultivated using a low-nitrogen medium to trigger the accumulation of neutral lipids and neutral carbohydrates. The biomass of C. sorokiniana BR001 cultivated in a low-nitrogen medium showed a total lipid content of 1.9 times higher (23.8 ± 4.5%) when compared to the biomass produced in a high-nitrogen medium (12.3 ± 1.2%). In addition, the biomass of the BR001 strain cultivated in a low-nitrogen medium showed a high content of neutral carbohydrates (52.1 ± 1.5%). The natural sedimentation-based process was evaluated using a sedimentation column, and it was concluded that C. sorokiniana BR001 is a non-flocculent strain. Therefore, it was evaluated the effect of different concentrations of ferric sulfate (0.005 to 1 g L-1) or aluminum sulfate (0.025 to 0.83 g L-1) on the flocculation process of C. sorokiniana BR001, but high doses of flocculant agents were required for an efficient harvest of biomass. It was evaluated the centrifugation at low speed (300 to 3,000 g) as well, and it was possible to conclude that this process was the most adequate to harvest the non-flocculent strain C. sorokiniana BR001.

Resumo O carvão vegetal proveniente de florestas plantadas é uma fonte de energia renovável utilizada na siderurgia do Brasil, todavia, em sua produção há liberação do gás de pirólise, que pode ser considerado um gás com baixo poder calorífico inferior. A sustentabilidade da produção de carvão vegetal tem demandado a queima destes gases, podendo ser, inclusive, uma condicionante ambiental. Neste artigo foi avaliado o desempenho de diferentes dispositivos de mistura para câmara de queima, sistema que permite mitigar os impactos ambientais decorrentes da carbonização, assim como o possível aproveitamento da energia térmica na secagem da madeira e geração de energia elétrica. Um sistema de queima de gases existente foi utilizado como referência, sendo determinados a composição, vazão dos gases e temperaturas de trabalho para calibração de modelo em dinâmica dos fluidos computacional. O modelo utilizado consiste nas equações diferenciais de conservação de massa, quantidade de movimento, energia e de espécies químicas, sendo empregado nos estudos de otimização de diferentes dispositivos de mistura. Dentre os dispositivos estudados (AC), o AC5 apresentou-se mais eficiente quanto ao aproveitamento do volume físico da câmara, tendo menor porcentagem de zona morta, representando ganho de 5% no tempo de residência, quando comparado ao AC1, dispositivo usado sistema de referência. Verificou-se por meio das distribuições espaciais da fração de volume de CO e O2, e das linhas de corrente, que os dispositivos de mistura internos são fundamentais para uma melhor mistura entre o combustível e o comburente e, consequentemente, produzir queima de gases com melhor qualidade. Abstract Charcoal from planted forest represents a renewable energy source used by steelmaking in Brazil. However, the pyrolysis gas released from carbonization is characterized by a low lower heating value. The sustainability of charcoal production has demanded the combustion of pyrolysis gas, which can represent an environmental constraint. In this paper, different mixing devices were evaluated for a combustion chamber, a system that allows mitigating the environmental impacts of carbonization, use of thermal energy in the wood drying and electric power generation. An existent combustion system was analyzed and used as a reference to calibrate a computational fluid dynamics model. The input data for the model were gas composition, gas flow rate and its temperature. The model considers the differential equations of mass, momentum, energy and chemical species conservation, and it was used for the study of different mixing devices for gas burning. Among the devices studied (AC), the AC5 was more effective in the use of the entire chamber volume, resulting in a lower dead zone percentage and a longer residence time of gases (5% more), when compared to the device used in the reference system. The volume fraction of CO and O2 distribution and flow streamlines into the combustion chamber allows concluding that internal mixing devices are necessary for a better mixture between fuel and oxidizer and, consequently, to produce gas combustion with better quality.

Flat plate solar collectors have been widely used in low temperature thermal applications (

The long cooling time of charcoal produced from eucalyptus pyrolysis is due in part to the heat generation in oxidation reactions at low temperatures. The intensity of this reactions depends on complex interactions between the interstitial gas and the solid matrix. The objective of this paper was to investigate the kinetics of the self-heating phenomena due to charcoal oxidation at low temperatures and at different oxygen concentrations. Samples of 230 g of charcoal were subjected to heating in a steel reactor at constant temperature, from 100 to 300 °C, and oxygen concentrations ranging from 20.9 to 10%. Was evidenced that the rate of oxygen consumption increases with charcoal temperature at rates that depend on the initial concentration of O2. The beginning of the oxidation reactions was observed at 67 °C in atmospheres with 20.9% O2. The overall activation energy for the self-heating phenomenon was 17,790 J mol−1 and its intensity was increased with the temperature and O2 concentration.

This study approached the use of atmospheric emissions as a source of carbon for the cultivation of microalgae in high rate ponds (HRPs), continuously fed with domestic sewage pre-treated in a septic tank. To do so, two HRPs were used: one had CO2 at a concentration of 99.9% (HRP 1), and the other had gas from the combustion of gasoline (HRP 2). Biomass yield, sewage treatment efficiency and the economic viability of using these two sources were assessed. The results showed that the CO2 source did not influence the domestic sewage treatment or the yield and biochemical composition of biomass, since there was no statistical difference (p

Many countries have been experienced an increase in protein consumption due to the population growth and adoption of protein-rich dietaries. Unfortunately, conventional-based protein agroindustry is associated with environmental impacts that might aggravate as the humankind increase. Thus, it is important to screen for novel protein sources that are environmentally friendly. Microalgae farming is a promising alternative to couple the anthropic emissions with the production of food and feed. Some microalgae show protein contents two times higher than conventional protein sources. The use of whole microalgae biomass as a protein source in food and feed is simple and well-established. Conversely, the production of microalgae protein supplements and isolates requires the development of feasible and robust processes able to fractionate the microalgae biomass in different value-added products. Since most of the proteins are inside the microalgae cells, several techniques of disruption have been proposed to increase the efficiency to extract them. After the disruption of the microalgae cells, the proteins can be extracted, concentrated, isolated or purified allowing the development of different products. This critical review addresses the current state of the production of microalgae proteins for multifarious applications, and possibilities to concatenate the production of proteins and advanced biofuels.

Microalgae have been established as an excellent source of biomass for biodiesel production. However, the high free fatty acids content of the oil hinders the oil refining by conventional processes. The aim of this study was to separate neutral lipids in high acidity oils, such as microalgae, by determining the equilibrium data of the extraction system including triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, hexane, and hydrous ethanol (95%). Because the microalgae oil has a complex composition, a model oil blend analogous infatty acid composition to Desmodesmus communis oil was used. Experimental equilibrium curves (binodal) and tie-line composition were determined for oil blends with 2, 20, and 40% of FFA at 308.2, 313.2, and 318.2 K. Three empirical equations were used to correlate binodal data. The parameters of the equation with the best fit were used along with the phase separation data, which were obtained by gravimetric method, for the construction of the tie lines. The consistency of experimental tie-line da...

Brazil is the largest producer of charcoal from planted forests with 5.5 million tons in 2016. The Brazilian steel industry consumes 85% of the national production of charcoal from eucalyptus. The walls and floor of industrial brick kilns are built using isolation materials that minimize heat losses during the wood carbonization stage. However, the thermal inertia of these components represents additional heat that must be removed during the charcoal cooling stage, as reflected in the extended process time. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the thermal inertia of the kiln structural elements for the charcoal production. A CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis was performed to simulate the heating and cooling of the system composed of wood, carbonization gases, brick walls and floor. A typical industrial kiln with capacity of 700 m3 was modeled and validated using a set of experimental measurements of temperatures during a 4-day carbonization stage with final temperature of 400 °C and an 8 day cooling stage. The temperature profile in the walls was linear, corresponding to a pseudo-steady state, where the thermal load increases with the pyrolysis time. The heat transfer at the floor is extensive; therefore, the adiabatic boundary condition cannot be imposed at the wood bed–floor interface. Our findings provide important information for the improvements in the kiln operation and allow establishment of consistent initial conditions of temperature and heat flux for kinetics models for charcoal cooling in kilns.

This paper presents results of a study about the gasification process of waste from eucalyptus production, as wood chips, and wastes from coffee production, as coffee husks and coffee wood. These wastes were subjected to gasification in an open-source commercial small-scale downdraft gasifier, using air as the gasifying agent. The fuel gas composition was monitored in a fuel gas analyzer to determine the volume concentration of CO, CO2, H2 and CH4, and higher heating value (HHV). The coffee husk fuel gas presented the average HHV of 7.76 ± 1.27 MJ Nm−3 containing predominantly methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The fuel gas from coffee wood gasification reached the lowest HHV (5.45 ± 0.42 MJ Nm−3), containing predominantly carbon monoxide (14.03 ± 0.72%). The gasification of eucalyptus chips presented average HHV of 6.81 ± 0.34 MJ Nm−3, with predominance of carbon monoxide (20.24 ± 0.93%), showing a regular composition during the experimental trials, and superior operational performance among the three biomasses investigated. This study demonstrates that gasification is an attractive alternative for waste-to-energy conversion and the energy upgrade can be used for on farm sustainable activities.

This study investigated an industrial biosludge drying system using hot gases from a coal furnace, seeking to increase the solids content of the biosludge above 50% (w.b.), considered suitable for combustion in biomass boilers. Biosludge was collected from a paper mill activated sludge plant. Biosludge mixtures with eucalyptus chips and eucalyptus bark in two different proportions (15% and 25%) were placed into a drying chamber. Hot gases generated by the furnace, with a flowrate of 0.64 ± 0.02 m

This study aims to evaluate and model the variation in the physical properties of coffee beans in isothermal roasting conditions, providing mathematical expressions that can be used for heat and mass transfer models for coffee roasting. Arabica coffee beans were studied with an initial moisture content of 0.129 kgw kgdm−1 and roasted in a direct gas burning roaster. Five temperatures were set inside the cylinder (200, 220, 240, 260 and 280 °C). The beans were roasted uniformly by suspension in the center of the drum. A thermocouple recorded the temperature every 5 s. X-ray microtomography was used to analyze the evolution of the internal matrix during the roasting process. The moisture content and physical properties (volume, surface area, and density) of each coffee bean were evaluated every 20 s. Empirical models were fitted to represent the physical properties as a function of the moisture content. It was observed that the volumetric expansion is isotropic at roasting temperatures above 220 °C. The final bean volume can reach up to 1.8 times the initial volume. The bean density varied linearly with the moisture content, presenting a larger drop at a higher roasting temperature.

Si is an essential nutrient for diatom growth. It is involved in frustule formation and is directly linked to the cell cycle. Despite numerous studies analyzing Si starvation in diatoms, the interaction between Si and central metabolism remains poorly understood. Accordingly, we analyzed the metabolite profiles of two freshwater strains of Nitzschia palea, BR006 and BR022 (a fast and a slow-growing strain, respectively), under different Si concentrations (0, 0.25, 1.25, and 5 mM) in different harvesting points. The strains exhibited similar metabolic responses under Si starvation, such as high pigment and total lipid, as well as high primary metabolite accumulation; only ornithine level was low in both strains in the Si-starved condition. However, the response of each strain differed under different Si concentrations. Triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in cells was inversely proportional to growth rate. Unlike BR006, slow-growing BR022 cells exhibited high TAG production even under high Si conditions. These results suggest that under optimal Si conditions, in the fast-growing BR006 strain, carbon from photosynthesis is directed toward new cell formation, while in the slow-growing BR022 cells, carbon is stored as TAG as a priority.

Microalgae have attracted interest as a potential feedstock for biodiesel and valuable co-products such as bioethanol and protein. However, production at a commercial scale is still costly in part due to a lack of knowledge of their biology which in turn limits our ability to increase their overall growth rate or alter their metabolism and composition through changes in culture conditions or genetic engineering. We therefore isolated ten strains of freshwater microalgae (Chlorophyta) and characterized them at the morphological, molecular and biochemical level under autotrophic conditions. Two Scenedesmus strains (BR003 and BR024) differed from others strains in respect to their fatty acid profile, with high levels of C16 and C18:1 and low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Interestingly, Chlamydomonas sp. BR020 and Chlorella vulgaris BR017 showed high levels of α-linolenic acid (C18:3), while BR017 also exhibited higher protein levels (14% of total dry weight), suggesting that these may be interesting strains to be used within the biorefinery concept. Furthermore, Monoraphidium sp. BR023 showed higher lipid content (29% of total dry weight), and transesterifiable fatty acid production (43.2 μg mg− 1 dry weight) and lower starch levels (164 μmol mg− 1 dry weight) while Chlamydomonas sp. BR020 exhibited the opposite trend. The results suggest that Scenedesmus bajacalifornicus BR024, Selenastrum capricornutum BR009 and Scenedesmus obliquus BR003 represent potential strains for biomass and biodiesel production, presenting 1.81, 1.73 and 2.14 mg mL− 1 dry weight of biomass, respectively, and 21.6, 16.4 and 17% of total dry weight of lipid, respectively. Additionally, the two Scenedesmus species showed the highest lipid productivity (23 mg L− 1 d− 1 and 24 mg L− 1d− 1). Overall we were able to access a new source of microalgal biodiversity and perform a robust characterization of native tropical microalgae strains leading to the identification of strains with high potential for biotechnological applications.

The search for new sustainably produced food sources and nutritional-value compounds is one of the foremost challenges in food research. To meet this challenge bio-compounds within microalgae have been explored as a sustainable, vegan emulsifier alternative. We hypothesized that proteins extracted from the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus show an ability to emulsify. Hence, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the formation and stability of emulsions containing powdered S. obliquus protein concentrate (SoPC), and the emulsions' resistance to changes in pH value and ionic strength. Dispersions of SoPC were prepared at different protein concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% w/w) and pH value (2.5, 5, 7, and 10), stored for 30 days at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C), and evaluated for stability. The hydrodynamic droplet diameters, macroscopic destabilization, creaming index, and polydispersity of the emulsions revealed that 0.5% w/w SoPC was sufficient to produce stable emulsions, even at the most distant pH value (10) from the isoelectric point (2.5). Emulsions prepared with 0.5% SoPC at pH 7 were subjected to stress conditions at pH levels between 2.0 and 9.0, and salinity up to 500 mM NaCl. After eight storage days, emulsions showed resistance to pH stress in the 5.0 to 9.0 range, remained stable at high saline concentrations (