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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:39:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 A mangrove ecosystem encompasses two environments, a larger flooding area with a characteristic wetland forest, and a less flooded area, more saline with little or no vegetation cover, known as hypersaline tidal flats (apicuns). Cardisoma guanhumi is a non-abundant, semi-terrestrial crab that lives mainly in apicuns. This environment is smaller and less impacted in comparison with mangrove forests. This study aims to investigate the spatial relation between apicuns and mangroves as a habitat extent of C. guanhumi along the Brazilian coast and its implications on fishery management and conservation status of this species in Brazil. The study was based on apicum and mangrove extent maps of the Brazilian coast. The maps were analyzed based on variations in latitude and environmental and socio-political aspects. Along the Brazilian coast, we found 11,721 km2 of mangroves and 402 km2 of apicuns. The habitat of C. guanhumi varied greatly with latitude and is interdependent of mangrove ecosystem. This latitudinal gradient and the apicum-mangrove relation suggest the need for different management strategies of this fishery species along the Brazilian coast. Such strategies should be used to maintain the population of C. guanhumi in sizes that guarantee its conservation and recovery aiming to remove this species from the category of vulnerable in the Brazilian red list of threatened species. Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP) Campus São Paulo Pirituba, Av. Mutinga, 951, Jardim Santo Elias, SP Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Marinha do Sudeste e Sul (ICMBio/CEPSUL), Av. Carlos Ely Castro, 195, SC Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), Ed. Sede do IBAMA, SCEN, Trecho 2, DF Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais Grupo de Estudos em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA) Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação de Crustáceos e Ambientes Costeiros Instituto de Biociências (IB) Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, SP Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais Grupo de Estudos em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA) Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação de Crustáceos e Ambientes Costeiros Instituto de Biociências (IB) Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:32:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative growth and sexual dimorphism in the hermit crab Clibanarius signatus. The evaluation was done with 955 specimens (494 males, 251 females, and 210 intersexes) captured in Persian Gulf (Iran) during January to December 2015. Animals were submitted to measurements related to weight (BW, total wet weight) and body size related to cephalic shield (SW, width; and SL, length) and propodus of both chelipeds (CPL, length; and CPW, width). Males were larger and heavier than females and intersexes. Both males and females showed a negative allometric growth for the SL–BW and SL–SW relationships, but a positive allometric growth to intersex specimens. To SL–CPL relationship, a negative allometric growth was confirmed in males and females independent of the laterality of the CPL, whereas a contrast was verified in intersexes, with a positive allometric growth occurred for both hands. To SL–CPW relationship, a negative allometric growth (b

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:32:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Hard-shell-mating is the typical way that semi-terrestrial and terrestrial crabs copulate, when females reproduce with a hard carapace during the intermoult period and the couples have a brief or absent pre- and post-copulatory behaviour. For Gecarcinidae crabs there are few studies on reproductive behaviour, and are especially rare for isolated species, as in the genus Johngarthia. Here, we describe the mating behaviour of the endangered insular crab J. lagostoma endemic of the South Atlantic Ocean, with a focus on pre-, copulatory, and post-copulatory behaviours. Observations were made on 20 pairs in the field, with every female in intermoult. Accessory behaviours were absent, with copulation beginning after sexual recognition. After mating, there were no records of males guarding or embracing females. All couples had the female in an upper position and passive males, which do not react when other males are near the mating site. The size of the chelipeds and males were random and not determinant to mating. However, yellow crabs predominated (95%) in mating pairs and the linkage of colouration to sexual selection needs to be more elucidated because purple crabs are less frequent in the population and the lower representation in the couples can be an effect of this. Experimental studies are required to investigate sexual selection and the occurrence of the behaviour described herein at other locations. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto De Biociências (IB) Campus Do Litoral Paulista (CLP)–Laboratório De Biologia Da Conservação De Crustáceos–Grupo De Pesquisa Em Biologia De Crustáceos (CRUSTA) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto De Biociências (IB) Campus De Rio Claro (RC)–Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia Evolução E Biodiversidade Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto De Biociências (IB) Campus Do Litoral Paulista (CLP)–Laboratório De Biologia Da Conservação De Crustáceos–Grupo De Pesquisa Em Biologia De Crustáceos (CRUSTA) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto De Biociências (IB) Campus De Rio Claro (RC)–Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia Evolução E Biodiversidade

Our knowledge of the mating systems in burrowing shrimps (infraorders Axiidea and Gebiidea) is still rather limited. Here we describe the burrow use pattern, sex ratio, and sexual dimorphism of the burrowing shrimp

Introdução: O caranguejo-amarelo (Johngarthia lagostoma) é uma espécie endêmica de ilhas oceânicas do Atlântico Sul, com importância para a rede trófica. Sua restrita distribuição geográfica e a ameaça sofrida por espécies invasoras são motivos que categorizaram esta espécie como “Em Perigo (EN)”, segundo o ICMBio. A estimativa do potencial reprodutivo é essencial para embasar medidas de conservação de espécies ameaçadas, em especial para J. lagostoma nas ilhas brasileiras. Os estudos sobre esta espécie são escassos, todos restritos à Ilha de Ascensão, abordando aspectos de sua biologia, distribuição e reprodução. A estimativa de esforço reprodutivo, uma das variáveis utilizadas no potencial reprodutivo, retrata a proporção entre a energia direcionada à reprodução, analisando o percentual do peso total de ovos em relação ao peso da fêmea. Objetivo: No presente estudo, o esforço reprodutivo de J. lagostoma foi estimado para a Ilha da Trindade, Brasil. Material e Métodos: Um total de 44 fêmeas foi capturado manualmente entre dezembro/2019 e fevereiro/2020, sendo individualizadas em sacos plásticos e transportadas ao laboratório. Cada fêmea teve seu tamanho corpóreo (LC, largura cefalotorácica) medido com um paquímetro de precisão (0,05mm) e os pesos úmidos (PCOu, com ovos; e PSOu, sem ovos) registrados com balança de precisão (0,01 g). A subtração entre PCOu e PSOu gerou o peso úmido dos ovos (POu) de cada fêmea, com cálculo do esforço reprodutivo em porcentagem (ER), pela equação ER=(POu/PSOu)x100. Resultados: As fêmeas apresentaram tamanho variando de 50,4 a 100,1mm (75,2±13,1mm) com ER de 7,3% a 19,6% (10,7±2,0%). A relação ERxLC apresentou correlação negativa (r=-0,57; p

As espécies exóticas invasoras (EEIs) marinhas têm mostrado crescente impacto em diversas regiões do mundo, o que é potencializado em regiões ocupadas por grandes em-preendimentos portuários. De acordo com o presente levantamento, realizado em 2021/22, os registros de EEIs em listas oficiais no sul do Brasil totalizam 28 espécies de animais mari-nhos, o que representa cerca de 40% do número de animais marinhos exóticos invasores registrados no país. Os crustáceos são o grupo taxonômico com maior número de EEI mari-nhas, tanto no Sul como em todo o litoral brasileiro. O ICMBio e MMA têm instituído guias de orientação ao manejo e programas nacionais que buscam a detecção precoce e a resposta rápida às espécies exóticas invasoras. Estas são iniciativas fundamentais para mitigar im-pactos sobre a biodiversidade brasileira.

We evaluated the environmental quality in mangrove areas of the Western Atlantic with different levels and history of contamination, considering biomarkers for the crab Ucides cordatus. For this purpose, specimens were collected in two climatic seasons (rainy and dry seasons) and assays of genotoxicity (MN, micronucleus), cytotoxicity (NRRT, neutral red retention time) and biochemical (MT, metallothionein; and LPO, lipoperoxidation) were conducted. In the most impacted mangroves, there was an increase in the mean of micronucleus (frequency of MN/1000), which was associated with a shorter retention time (minutes of NRRT). In contrast, the most pristine areas showed MN 3 and NRRT 100 min, with no seasonal effect, indicating a lower effect of degenerative processes by xenobiotics. The rainy season was more harmful, especially regarding cytogenotoxicity. The use of bioindicator species for environmental monitoring should be guided by an analysis of biomarkers considering the season, because during the period of highest rainfall, biomarkers values can change.

Introdução: O caranguejo-terrestre Johngarthia lagostoma é endêmico de ambientes insulares e restringe sua distribuição a quatro ilhas do Oceano Atlântico. Devido sua distribuição limitada e crescente exploração antrópica é considerada sob ameaça de extinção, o que intensifica preocupações sobre sua biologia populacional e reprodutiva. Objetivo: Com isso, o presente estudo estimou o tamanho de maturidade sexual fisiológica das fêmeas de Johngarthia lagostoma, por análise macroscópica gonadal. Materiais e métodos: Um total de 117 fêmeas foram coletadas manualmente entre os meses de fevereiro a abril/ 2019 e dezembro/2019 a fevereiro/ 2020. Cada indivíduo foi individualizado em embalagens plásticas e crioanestesiados em freezer para posterior análise. Em laboratório os exemplares tiveram seu tamanho corpóreo medido (LC, largura cefalotorácica, em mm) com paquímetro de precisão (0,05 mm) e dissecadas para avaliação do estágio de maturação macroscópica das gônadas (maturidade fisiológica), quando foram categorizados como imaturos (IM), em maturação (EM) e maturos (MA). Os exemplares jovens foram considerados com as gônadas IM, enquanto os adultos foram aqueles com gônadas EM e MA. A proporção entre estas categorias foi calculada em cada classe de tamanho, obtendo o percentual de adultos em cada uma, com ajuste pela Ogiva de Galton (y=1-e-AZ) e estabelecimento do tamanho em que metade da população estava matura (LC50%). Resultados: O tamanho das fêmeas avaliadas variou de 12,9 a 100mm (64,7±20,2mm LC), correspondendo a 22,2% IM, 71,8% EM e 6% MA, e LC50% estimado em 51,7mm (LC). Conclusão: O tamanho de maturidade para a Ilha da Trindade foi 8,3mm inferior ao da Ilha Ascensão (60 mm LC), possivelmente devido a apenas 0,7% dos indivíduos utilizados para as análises neste último local ter LC

Introdução: O recrutamento é um processo biológico que trata do ingresso de indivíduos jovens (recrutas) em populações naturais. Em crustáceos braquiúros (caranguejos), diversos aspectos desta fase são importantes ao melhor entendimento da distribuição, crescimento e de sua história de vida. No entanto, tais informações ainda são desconhecidas para diversas espécies, como é o caso de Johngarthia lagostoma, que é um braquiúro endêmico das ilhas oceânicas do Atlântico Sul. Avaliações desenvolvidas pelo ICMBio (2010-2014) indicaram esta espécie como “Em Perigo (EN)” de extinção, o que trás prioridade aos estudos sobre sua biologia, com vistas às estratégias que podem ser adotadas em sua conservação e manejo. Objetivo: Este estudo aborda o recrutamento de J. lagostoma, na Ilha da Trindade (Brasil), com base nas fases lunares. Materiais e métodos: Assim, 113 indivíduos juvenis de J. lagostoma foram coletados de dezembro/2019 a fevereiro/2020, coabitando as galerias dos adultos desta espécie. Em cada fase lunar cerca de 25 galerias foram examinadas, aleatoriamente, totalizando 128 galerias amostradas, onde os recrutas foram coletados manualmente, crioanestesiados e armazenados em Eppendorfs com álcool 70%, para análises posteriores. O número de recrutas/galeria (densidade) foi estabelecido por fase lunar e os dados submetidos a ANOVA, com posterior contraste das médias pelo teste de Tukey, visando verificar a prevalência de recrutamento. Resultados: Do total de galerias avaliadas (n=128), a frequência de galerias com recrutas por fase lunar seguiu a seguinte sequência hierárquica: cheia (65,9%); minguante (45,7%); nova (23,1%); e crescente (15,4%). Deste total, 41% (n=53) das galerias possuíam recrutas, com densidade média de 2,1±2,0 ind./galeria, com variação de 1 a 3 ind./galeria (CV%, coeficiente de variação = 95,2%), coabitando galerias habitadas (ou não) por adultos. A média de recrutas por galeria diferiu significativamente entre as fases lunares (F=13,01; P

O caranguejo-uçá (Ucides cordatus) é um recurso pesqueiro utilizado pelos pescadores artesanais da Baixada Santista, litoral paulista, sendo importante para a subsistência de inúmeras famí­­lias. A partir de 2014, restrições legais í­Â captura desta espécie motivaram ações para a regulamentação dos catadores de caranguejo dessa região. Como parte deste processo, foi realizada uma pesquisa etnoecológica. Dentre os agrupamentos de pescadores da região, a Vila dos Pescadores, em Cubatão (SP), consiste no mais importante em relação í­Â cata do caranguejo-uçá. Entre junho/2015 e abril/2016, foram aplicadas entrevistas estruturadas aos catadores de caranguejo, na própria localidade. Os resultados obtidos quanto o perfil socioeconômico e produtivo dos catadores, as diferentes formas de manejo e regras de uso do recurso, a comercialização do produto, bem como os problemas e possí­­veis ações visando a melhoria das condições de vida dos catadores são discutidos no presente trabalho. Os resultados apresentados serão úteis para subsidiar ações de ordenamento da captura, bem como no reconhecimento dos pescadores que dependem deste recurso pesqueiro.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:08:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-03 Year-round continuous reproduction in tropical regions is an established paradigm in marine ecology. In this study, we tested this paradigm using the ghost shrimp Callichirus seilacheri from the tropical eastern Pacific as a model species. We also examined size-frequency distribution, sex ratio, and recruitment cycle to contribute to the biological knowledge of this species. To this end, a total of 456 individuals of C. seilacheri were collected during 12 months of sampling. Population structure was symmetrical for both sexes, and the overall sex ratio did not differ from evenness. Males outnumbered females in smaller size classes, though, revealing a potential sex-dependent mortality in small individuals. The breeding pattern followed the well-marked seasonal regime of the region, with ovigerous females registered during the rainy season. While natural variation in the seawater temperature had no influence on reproduction of this species, changes in water salinity possibly triggered the appearance of egg-bearing females in the population. Recruitment occurred throughout the year but was more intense during the dry season, following the appearance of ovigerous females. The adaptability of the life cycle of C. seilacheri to the seasonal climate provides further evidence that reproduction in tropical species is not always continuous. Facultad de Ciencias Centro de Estudios Marinos y Limnológicos Universidad de Tarapacá–UTA Instituto de Biociências Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos–CRUSTA Câmpus do Litoral Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista–UNESP Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal–CINA Ciudad de la Investigación Universidad de Costa Rica–UCR Centro de Biologia Marinha Universidade de São Paulo–USP Instituto de Biociências Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos–CRUSTA Câmpus do Litoral Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista–UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:53:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Metals are harmful inorganic pollutants in aquatic environments when their concentrations are higher than expected (or tolerated) and, in low concentrations, they can lead sublethal genetic injuries. Baseline frequencies of micronucleated cells (MN‰) of three mangrove crab species were established in a pristine mangrove (Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, JIES). Aratus pisonii, Ucides cordatus and Goniopsis cruentata belong to different functional groups, regarding the diet and lifestyle. Overall, the baseline MN‰ of G. cruentata (1.7 ± 1.2; mean ± sd) was higher than that of A. pisonii (0.9 ± 1.1) and U. cordatus (1.3 ± 0.9). These differences can be explained by the diet (gl, green leaves; sl, senescent leaves; a, animal items; or their combination) and lifestyle of these species, as their degree of contact with abiotic compartments (w, water; s, sediment). Aratus pisonii is an arboreal crab and specialist herbivore, associated with few compartments (w + gl); Ucides cordatus is a digger crab, generalist herbivore, using three compartments (w + s + sl); and Goniopsis cruentata is a cursorial crab, omnivorous, exploring more compartments (w + s + sl + a). Thus, using a broader range of compartments and a more diverse diet were correlated with a higher genotoxicity. Metals in JIES were registered in environmentally safe concentrations but seem to influence the baseline MN‰ in crab species. Higher genotoxicity was registered in species that interact with more compartments (especially the sediment), a fact that should be considered in monitoring processes. Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação de Crustáceos e Ambientes Costeiros – Praça Infante D. Henrique UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista – Instituto de Biociências (IB) Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP) – Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), s/n°, CEP 11330-900 - Parque Bitaru, São Vicente Departamento de Ciências do Mar UNIFESP – Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Campus Baixada Santista, Avenida Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 89, CEP 11030400 – Ponta da Praia, Santos IFPA - Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia, Campus Marabá Industrial, Folha 22, Quadra Especial, Lote Especial II, CEP 68508-970 – Nova Marabá Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação de Crustáceos e Ambientes Costeiros – Praça Infante D. Henrique UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista – Instituto de Biociências (IB) Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP) – Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), s/n°, CEP 11330-900 - Parque Bitaru, São Vicente FAPESP: 2014/06894-6 FAPESP: 2014/50438-5 CNPq: 303286/2016-4

Kording and Wolpert (2004), hereafter referred to as KW, describe an experiment where subjects engaged in a repeated task entailing movements of their finger. Subjects strove for accuracy in the stochastic environment and, on some trials, received mid-trial and post-trial feedback. KW claims that subjects learned the underlying stochastic distribution from the post-trial feedback of previous trials. KW also claims that subjects regarded mid-trial feedback that had a smaller visual size as more precise and they were therefore more sensitive to such mid-trial feedback. KW concludes that the observations are consistent with optimal Bayesian learning. Indeed, under mild assumptions, it is well-known that Bayesian learners will have posterior beliefs that converge to the true distribution. We note that the KW analysis is based on data that had been averaged across important trial-specific details and averaged across trials. Averaging data disregards possibly valuable information and its dangers have been known for some time. Notably, the KW analysis does not exclude non-Bayesian explanations. When we analyze the trial-level KW data, we find that subjects were less--not more--sensitive to mid-trial feedback when it had a smaller visual size. Our trial-level analysis also suggests a recency bias, rather than evidence that the subjects learned the stochastic distribution. In other words, we do not find that the observations are consistent with optimal Bayesian learning. In the KW dataset, it seems that evidence for optimal Bayesian learning is a statistical artifact of analyzing averaged data.

The ghost shrimp Callichirus major (Say, 1818) is widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean from ∼23°N to ∼26°S, and has also been reported from the tropical eastern Pacific. Evidence has been accumulating over many years that C. major is actually a species complex. Yet, the name C. major is widely and frequently used in many kinds of research. The current lack of clarity in the use of the name C. major has resulted in nomenclatural instability, but also in unreliability and miscommunication of the available ecological and distributional information. Existing morphological and molecular evidence is reviewed and new evidence presented for the specimens from the southern localities previously assigned to C. major s. l. actually being a new species. That new species is herein described based on morphological and molecular evidence. Additionally, a neotype is selected for C. major in order to settle the defining characters of C. major s. str. and, therefore, ensuring the correct use of this name.

The mangrove crab ( Ucides cordatus ) is a relevant fishery resource in Brazil, whose capture, transportation, and processing are regulated by specific laws. Information obtained from traditional crabbing communities are of significant importance, although they remain unacknowledged by the population of the Itanhaem River Estuary (Sao Paulo, Southeast Brazil). The present study shows the ethnozoological aspects related to the capture of U. cordatus , mapping the activity and providing subsidies for better fishery management. Crab catchers were recruited using the Snowball sampling technique and were submitted to a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were assessed quali-quantitatively through the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) method and underwent statistical analysis when possible. The population of crab catchers was exceedingly small, comprising a remnant of “caicara” fishermen, 78% of whom did not have a valid license, thus rendering their professional activity illegal. Most of the crab catchers (56%) use the tangle-netting technique, which is prohibited by law, including during the fishing season (60%). Around 77.4% of the traditional knowledge of these fishermen was confirmed in the literature, evidencing the great deal of wisdom that is passed on by more experienced crab catchers. Important gaps could be filled regarding the knowledge on this species, including the regularization of this artisanal form of fishery, requiring a review and new alternatives to be properly managed.

A região Neotropical tem grande diversidade de caranguejos. No entanto, a diversidade de parasitos infestando esses crustáceos ainda é pobremente conhecida. No presente estudo foram registradas três novas ocorrências de Leidya distorta em Ucides cordatus no Sudeste do Brasil e no Nordeste da Venezuela. Os caranguejos foram coletados em manguezais da Venezuela (Cumaná) e do Brasil (Cananéia e São Vicente). Um total de 281 caranguejos foi capturado nessas localidades, sendo os indiví­­duos dissecados no laboratório para verificar a presença de L. distorta. Apenas três caranguejos estavam infestados com o bopirí­­deo Leidya distorta. A prevalência nos caranguejos foi muito baixa (1,1%) e diferiu de acordo com a localidade, sendo levemente alta em Cananéia (2,6%) e São Vicente (2,2%), quando comparada com Cumaná (0,5%). Este estudo apresenta novas ocorrências de Leidya distorta infestando o caranguejo-uçá Ucides cordatus na América do Sul, bem como uma revisão dos braquiúros que servem de hospedeiro para Leidya distorta.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:19:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-02-18 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Ocypodid crabs are common in mangrove areas, and the uca, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763), is a key species. It is abundant and economically relevant in these marine wetlands on the southeastern Atlantic coast of Brazil. Mangroves suffer from intense anthropogenic impact by pollutants affecting the reproductive biology of the animals inhabiting this ecosystem. We analyzed the reproductive potential of U. cordatus, comparing fecundity and fertility equations between two mangroves with distinct pollution levels in São Paulo state, Brazil: a pristine (Jureia-Itatins Ecological Station) and a contaminated (Cubatao) area. There was no difference in egg production (fecundity) between crabs from both areas, possibly due to tolerance mechanisms exhibited by the crabs. There was, however, a substantial difference in larval production, which was three times higher in crabs from the contaminated mangrove than in those from the pristine mangrove. These results are explained by different reproductive conditions of the ovigerous females arising from the fertility analysis: primiparous (first spawning from the contaminated area) and multiparous females (second or subsequent spawning from the pristine area). Multiple spawning in the same reproductive season had not been previously reported for this species. Results, however, do not explain the relationship between environmental contaminants and fertility, which should be investigated in the future. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências (IB) Campus Do Litoral Paulista (CLP) Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências (IB) Campus Do Litoral Paulista (CLP) Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n

RESUMEN La mortalidad por pesca ha sido pocas veces estudiada aislando el efecto causado por las capturas. En este estudio se analizó este aspecto usando como modelo biológico al camarón fantasma Callichirus major (Say, 1818), el cual es colectado intensamente en varias regiones de la costa de Brasil. Para ello, la densidad de las galerías y la demografía poblacional de C. major fue analizada en las playas de Gonzaga e Itararé, dos playas contiguas del Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. La playa de Gonzaga fue considerada como control debido a que desde 1992 una ley municipal impide las capturas de C. major, mientras que Itararé fue considerada como tratamiento ya que en este lugar este camarón es recolectado durante todo el año. Los resultados mostraron que la densidad de las galerías y el tamaño de las hembras fueron significativamente mayores en la playa de Gonzaga que en Itararé. En Itararé, la proporción sexual no mostró diferencias significativas de la relación 1:1, lo cual no se ajustó a lo observado en el área sin mortalidad por pesca y al patrón general reportado en otras especies de camarones fantasma del mundo en donde las hembras predominan sobre los machos. El potencial reproductivo fue significativamente menor en Itararé, como efecto del menor número de hembras presentes en esta área sometida a la pesca intensiva de camarones. De acuerdo con una estimativa inicial, un 71% de los individuos murieron por efecto de la pesca en Itararé. Esto hace inviable el sostenimiento ambiental de C. major en esta área dada la actual presión de extracción. La presencia de C. major en la playa de Itararé y probablemente en otras áreas próximas donde es capturada, estaría favorecida por el permanente suministro de larvas procedentes de la playa de Gonzaga, en Santos, que está protegida por ley y fiscalización municipal.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:06:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco The largest metropolitan centers in northeastern region of Brazil are all located near the coast, and industrial, tourist, and agro-industrial activities are the principal causes of water contamination due to discharges of untreated sewage. Adverse environmental conditions can often be detected by analyzing the genetic material of organisms exposed to pollutants, and furnish an overview of environmental quality. We evaluated possible damage to the DNA of one of the fish resources most widely consumed and commercialized by coastal communities in northeastern Brazil, Mugil curema (“tainha”). Erythrocytes from M. curema were analyzed by the presence of micronuclei and by comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis, SCGE). Statistical comparisons to both tests revealed considerably greater genomic damage in polluted estuaries than in the control site (p < 0.05), suggesting strong genotoxic impacts on the specimens evaluated, principally among those taken near localities with dense demographic and industrial development. Centro de Biociências Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas – PPGCB Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária Centro de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva e Ambiental- LAGEA Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Rua Prof. Nelson Chaves, s/n, Cidade Universitária Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos - Praça Infante D. Henrique s/n Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista (CLP) Centro Acadêmico de Vitória – CAV Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Bela Vista Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos - Praça Infante D. Henrique s/n Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista (CLP) Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco: APQ-0017-2.02/11

Crustaceans found in metal-contaminated regions are able to survive, and the authors investigated the physiological mechanisms involved by comparing populations from contaminated and noncontaminated areas. The objective of the present study was to measure the cellular transport of a nonessential metal (cadmium [Cd]) in gills and hepatopancreas of Ucides cordatus, together with cell membrane fluidity, metallothionein levels, and lipid peroxidation. The 2 populations compared were from a polluted and a nonpolluted mangrove area of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The authors found, for the first time, larger Cd transport in gills and hepatopancreatic cells from crabs living in polluted mangrove areas. The cells also had lower plasma membrane fluidity, increased lipid peroxidation and less metallothionein compared to those from nonpolluted regions. The authors also found larger amounts of Cd in intracellular organelles of gills, but not in the hepatopancreas, from crabs in polluted regions. Therefore, in polluted areas, these animals showed higher Cd transport and lower plasma membrane fluidity and storage of Cd intracellularly in gill cells, whereas hepatopancreatic cells used metallothionein as their main line of defense. The findings suggest that crabs from polluted areas can accumulate Cd more easily than crabs from nonpolluted areas, probably because of an impairment of the regulatory mechanisms of cell membrane transport. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:361-371. © 2016 SETAC.

This study presents results obtained 25 years ago on the population structure, sex ratio, and handedness of Arenaeus cribrarius in Ubatuba, North coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Sampling studies were conducted during two different periods (from November 1988 to October 1989, and from May 1991 to April 1993), one of them performed for pooled data, and other exclusively for Fortaleza Bay (monthly samples from November 1988 to October 1989). Males were larger (CW, average ± SD: 73.38 ± 15.78 mm) than females (68.45 ± 12.20 mm). The size between juvenile and adult stages has an overlap, for males (40-70mm CW) e fêmeas (45-75 mm CW). A prevalence of females was registered for pooled data (1:1.42; P < 0.01), but it was not recorded in Fortaleza Bay (1:1.25; P > 0.05). The sex ratio was close to 1:1 in the smaller size classes, with females dominating in the intermediate classes, and males in larger ones. In Fortaleza Bay, a female biased sex ratio was only noted in transect I (1:3.88; P < 0.05) and in the autumn (1:1.67; P < 0.05), with 73% of the specimens measured were right-handed.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:06:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia In this study, to better our understanding of the current state of conservation of Cardisoma guanhumi and its habitats, we evaluated the potential spatio-temporal genomic damage of this species across five estuaries in Brazil. The experiment was performed over two consecutive years, and the sampling was performed in the winter and summer seasons. Two genetic tests — micronucleus test and comet assay — were used to quantify the DNA damage. Unlike in the summers and in the winter of 2013, in the winter of 2012 a significant increase was noted in the frequency of micronucleated cells and genomic damage index. The occurrence of genomic damage coincided with the arrival of the harsh winter of 2012 as the water sourced from the coastal rivers significantly affected the estuarine species under study. Our results confirmed that this species was resilient to the atypical climatic conditions, which facilitated the generation of excessive waste. Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva e Ambiental (LAGEA) Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rêgo 1235, Cidade Universitária Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos (LBC) Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Julio Mesquita Filho’- Campus Litoral Paulista (UNESP – IB/CLP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/no, Parque Bitaru Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rêgo 1235, Cidade Universitária Crusta – Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rêgo 1235, Cidade Universitária Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos (LBC) Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Julio Mesquita Filho’- Campus Litoral Paulista (UNESP – IB/CLP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/no, Parque Bitaru CNPq: 301208/2012-3 CNPq: 302813/2010-1 CNPq: 306099/2011-0 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia: 565054/2010-4 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia: 8936/2011

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:20:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-04-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:31:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0001-37652018000401381.pdf: 801009 bytes, checksum: 7878b8480ddfbb58f08813d90a91445b (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Ucides cordatus is a relevant fishery resource of Brazilian mangroves and requires legal normative to sustainable use based on stock assessment and management. This study evaluated some population parameters (structure, density, abundance, fishery potential and stock) of this crab species in Brazil Southeast (São Paulo, State), discussing the use of the results to delineate fishery management strategies. Density was monthly evaluated (September 1998 to August 1999), using five sample quadrats of 2×2 m. Density (ind.m-2) was indirectly estimated by counting the opened (with biogenic activity) and closed galleries, and contrasted with flooding level by tides using the vertical distribution of macroalgae in the base of trees. Density of U. cordatus ranges from 2 to 11 ind.m-2 (6±2 ind.m-2) and statistical difference occurred among monthly means (F=11.58; p=0.000). The relationship density vs. tidal flooding indicated a decrease of U. cordatus density in mangroves with higher levels of tidal flooding (r=-0.94; p=0.001). The total abundance of U. cordatus was estimated in 63.7 millions of crabs in 10.61 km2, with a reduction of 34.9% due to total mortality discount. Estimates like that are uncommon in literature, and could be used for fishery forecasts, allowing improvement by the introduction of new variables to be known in the future. Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP Instituto de Biociências/IB Campus do Litoral Paulista/CLP Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação de Crustáceos e Ambientes Costeiros, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru Instituto de Pesca/APTA/SAA/SP, Avenida Bartolomeu de Gusmão, 192, Ponta da Praia Instituto Federal de São Paulo/IFSP, Campus Pirituba, Avenida Mutinga, 951, Jardim Santo Elias Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos/CRUSTA Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP Instituto de Biociências/IB Campus do Litoral Paulista/CLP Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação de Crustáceos e Ambientes Costeiros, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru FAPESP: # 1998/06055-0 FAPESP: # 2002/05614-2 CNPq: # 302813/2010-1

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:05:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Ucides cordatus is a semi-terrestrial crab and key species endemic to mangrove areas of eastern Americas. In North-eastern Brazil this crab holds a major socio-economic function for artisanal fisheries, as in the São Francisco River Estuary (10°30′27″S 36°23′45″W). Nevertheless, decreases in this species' stock have been reported since 2000, requiring assessments of the crab population for conservation and management purposes. This study aims at assessing the population status and the fishery potential of this species in the mangroves of this estuary and suggests strategies for its fishery and conservation, according to the guidelines of the National Management Plan for U. cordatus Sustainable Use. Six different sites established in 30 km2 of mangroves were sampled, with the density of U. cordatus burrows estimated to evaluate the population structure using the measure of burrow diameters. Results show that the crab mean burrow size was 56.82 (±12.2) mm and that the medium-size crabs (40-70 mm) are the most abundant. The total mean crab density was 1.2 crabs m-2, from which the density of crabs in commercial size (0.85 ± 0.55 crabs m-2) was significantly higher than those in non-commercial size (0.35 ± 0.21 burrow m-2). These mangroves showed a high potential for the crab fishery, with an immediate extractive potential (IEP) of 71.2% and future extractive potential (FEP) of 28.8%. Nevertheless, a lower crab density, probably due to high crab mortality, mangrove deforestation for shrimp farming and high fishery pressure, is a limiting factor for local fishery. We conclude that mangrove areas more appropriate for U. cordatus fishery (extractive areas) show higher mean crab size, IEP and density of commercial crabs, wherein a fixed exploitation rate or/and a fixed escapement rule should be considered. Exclusion areas, intended for the conservation, show lower values of these population parameters and higher FEP, wherein the fishery should be prohibited. These management strategies should also be considered in other Brazilian mangrove areas showing similar crab population structure, thus contributing to the National Management Plan for U. cordatus Sustainable Use. Laboratório de Ecologia da Paisagem e Conservação (LEPaC) Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matao,321,Travessa 14,Cidade Universitaria Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA) Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituto de Biociências (IB) Campus Do Litoral Paulista (CLP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., Parque Bitaru UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Campus Registro, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur 430 Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Resource Management Département de Biologie des Organismes Faculté des Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB, CP 169, Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt 50 Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management Mangrove Management Group Faculteit Wetenschappen en Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Pleinlaan 2 Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA) Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituto de Biociências (IB) Campus Do Litoral Paulista (CLP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., Parque Bitaru UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Campus Registro, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur 430 FAPESP: 2010/20028-9

processo, 625 especies de vertebrados e invertebrados terrestres foram categorizadas como ameacadas de extincao, enquanto nove constaram como extintas (IN MMA 03/2003, IN MMA 5/2004 Anexo I e IN 52/2005). Um total de 10 invertebrados aquaticos e 37 peixes ameacados, relevantes a pesca, foram citados como sobrexplotados ou sob ameaca de sobrexplotacao (IN 5/2004 Anexo II). No ano seguinte, com as Metas Nacionais de Biodiversidade (Resolucao Conabio 3/2006), foi decidido rever o estado de conservacao de todas as especies de plantas, vertebrados e de grupos-chave de invertebrados, em um processo capitaneado pelo Ministerio do Meio Ambiente (MMA). O Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) coordenou o processo de avaliacao da fauna, enquanto a flora foi avaliada pelo Instituto de Pesquisas do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ), resultando nas atuais Listas Nacionais de Especies Ameacadas de Extincao publicadas em 17 dezembro de 2014 (Portarias MMA 443, 444 e 445/2014). O metodo da IUCN, que tem sido aprimorado desde a decada de 1970, vem sendo aplicado globalmente por diversos paises, desde 1994, e pelo Brasil, a partir de 1998 (1). Em nivel regional, esse metodo consiste no uso de 11 categorias na avaliacao das especies. Estas indicam graus diferentes de conservacao, desde aquelas em situacao melhor ou razoavel (Menos Preocupante, LC), ate aquelas consideradas extintas na natureza (EX). Tres categorias implicam em gradacao do risco de extincao, desde o elevado (Vulneravel, VU), muito elevado (Em Perigo, EN) e intensamente elevado (Criticamente em Perigo, CR) (2). Essa categorizacao e feita pela aplicacao de cinco criterios tecnicos (A-E), definidos em limiares quantitativos: (A) reducao populacional (passada, presente ou prevista no futuro); (B) distribuicao geografica (restrita ou fragmentada, que implique em declinio populacional por reducao de area/qualidade do habitat); (C) tamanho Conservar a fauna aquatiCa para garantir a producao pesqueira

We identify a largely efficient market in which there is a relationship between race and market outcomes. Examining data on NBA games, we find that teams with more black players tend to face larger point spreads and that these teams perform worse against the spread. These biased outcomes are significantly large and persistent so that we are able to identify profit opportunities. We also find evidence that the biased spread is set by the bookmakers rather than being moved as a result of excessive betting on the more black team. We examine several alternate explanations, and the racial composition measures remain significant in these specifications.

The size-weight relationship of a species allows for estimating the expected weight based on size. The present contribution aims at evaluating the body weight vs. carapace width relationship and the condition factor of the blue swimming crab Portunus segnis. These characteristics were analyzed for each sex using specimens collected monthly from April 2012 through to March 2013, at the Persian Gulf (Hormozgan Province, Iran). The size of each specimen was measured (carapace width) and weighed (total body wet weight). A total of 302 individuals of P. segnis were analyzed. The body weight-carapace width relationship indicated positive allometric growth in males and isometric growth in females. Body weight was higher in males than females of equivalent carapace width, and the means for condition factors were always higher in females than in males, due to the heavier gonads in the former, an expected pattern for many crabs. In both sexes, the lowest condition factor was detected in winter with an ascending trend in the next seasons. The oscillation in condition factor throughout the sampling year was more prominent in females and related to the reproductive cycle. The information reinforces data to define fishing closed seasons for this portunid that is used in many places in the world.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-04-03 Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850) life history was evaluated based on growth and reproduction. Specimens were captured at Ubatuba (Brazil), identified, sexed and measured: carapace (CL, length; CW, width), larger cheliped propodus (PL, length; PW, width; and PH, height), and 2th and 5th abdominal somite (AW2 and AW5, width). Relative growth was studied using CL as independent variable and its relation with other variables (dependents), to estimate puberty size and morphological maturity. Fecundity was represented by number of eggs vs. body size CL, with a better fit using a power function. Considering the 257 specimens analyzed, males were larger than females, and the overall sex ratio was 1:1, with some differences among size classes. Maturity (puberty size) was revealed by: AW2 × CL (males: 8.6 mm CL; females: 7.6 mm CL); and AW5 × CL (7.1 and 7.6 mm CL, respectively). Reproduction was continuous, but more intense in rainy season and recruitment occurring in dry season. Fecundity of this species was 228 ± 163 eggs, with better fit by a power function (R2 = 0.72). Maturity size and growth differed when a pristine area (Ubatuba) was compared with a polluted area (São Sebastião), in the same Brazilian area (São Paulo State). Instituto de Biociências (IB) UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP) Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA) Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos (LBC) Instituto de Ciências e da Saúde UNIP–Universidade Paulista Campus SJC Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Biología Centro de Estudios Marinos y Limnológicos UTA–Universidad de Tarapacá Instituto de Biociências (IB) UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP)

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:09:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-03-15 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Industrial areas on estuarine systems are commonly affected by heavy metals, affecting all local biota. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to evaluate genetic diversity of Ucides cordatus at mangroves in southeastern Brazil (Jur�ia, J; S�o Vicente, SV; and Cubat�o, C), with distinct pollution levels by metals. The genetic diversity of this species was compared with concentrations of metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr and Hg) in the environment. A pollution gradient was confirmed (SV�>�C�>�J), with low levels detected in water, except for mercury in SV. All metals in the sediment samples were below Threshold Effect Level (TEL), without an apparent biological risk to the biota. Genetic distance was very similar between J and C, with SV occurring as an out-group. RAPD was a powerful tool to investigate the effect of metal pollution on genetic diversity of this mangrove crab, and to evaluate the conservation status of the mangrove ecosystem. Instituto Butantan – Laborat�rio de Ecologia e Evolu��o, Av. Dr. Vital Brasil, 1500 UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista Instituto de Bioci�ncias (IB), Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP) - P�. Infante Dom Henrique, s/n� - Parque Bitaru Programa de Gen�tica e Biologia Molecular (UNICAMP) - Campinas (SP) Programa de Biotecnologia (USP) - S�o Paulo (SP) Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crust�ceos (CRUSTA) UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista Instituto de Bioci�ncias (IB), Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP) - P�. Infante Dom Henrique, s/n� - Parque Bitaru FAPESP: 2002/05614-2 FAPESP: 2009/14725-1

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:13:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-11-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Globally, there is a lack of knowledge about tropical ecotoxicology dealing with the potential impact of metal contamination in mangrove ecosystem. This habitat is considered a nursery for several animal species, among them the “uçá”-crab (Ucides cordatus), known as a key species due to its biological and economical importance. This study evaluated the association involving metal contamination (Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Mn and Hg) in water, sediment, red-mangrove vegetation (Rhizophora mangle) and tissues of uçá crab, together with its geno-cytotoxic responses, based on micronucleated hemocytes frequency and the retention time of neutral red in lysosomes. We assessed six mangrove areas with distinct pollution levels in São Paulo State, Brazil, where the water and sediment contamination by metals were associated with accumulation of these pollutants in biotic compartments (mangrove leaves and crab). In U. cordatus, metal accumulation was best explained by metal concentration found in leaves of R. mangle than in the water or sediment, indicating that feeding drives metal exposure in this organism. Mercury (Hg) concentration in sediment, copper (Cu) concentration in hepatopancreas of U. cordatus and lead (Pb) in water and green leaves of R. mangle showed a significant correlation with genotoxic impact in U. cordatus. However, copper concentration (in green/senescent leaves and hepatopancreas) and lead (in sediment), were the major metals affecting lysosomal membrane integrity. Therefore, representatives of all compartments were associated with cyto and genotoxicity in this species, thus requiring a holistic approach to issues related to sublethal damage. Probability estimates of cytogenetic impacts related to metal concentration in abiotic compartments (significantly correlated with known biomarkers: Hg in sediment; and Pb in water and sediment) are also presented. Our results highlight the need for environmental restoration of mangroves areas contaminated with metals, responsible for cytogenetic injuries and revealing a pre-pathological condition in this sentinel species, in addition to ecological disturbances. UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências (IB) Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP) Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos / Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru UNIFESP - Univ Federal de São Paulo Departamento de Ciências do Mar Campus Baixada Santista, Avenida Almirante Saldanha da Gama 89, Ponta da Praia UNISANTA Universidade Santa Cecília Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Rua Oswado Cruz 266 UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências (IB) Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP) Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos / Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru CNPq: 302813/2010-1

In Brazil, the state of São Paulo contains both preserved areas (Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station) and extremely impacted ones (Cubatão Municipality). This study evaluated the concentrations of five metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg) in two mangroves with different levels of anthropogenic impact and the apparent genotoxicity to Ucides cordatus. Water and sediment samples were obtained, and metal concentrations were determined with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The genotoxic impact was quantified based on the number of micronucleated cells per 1,000 analyzed (MN‰), using hemolymph slides stained with Giemsa. Metal concentrations in water were below the detection limit, except for lead, although no significant difference was observed between the areas (P 0.05). Sediment from Cubatão had higher concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, and Cu than sediment from Juréia-Itatins (P 0.05), but no significant differences in metal concentrations were detected among depth strata of the sediment (P 0.05). Crabs from Cubatão had a 2.6 times higher mean frequency of micronucleated cells (5.2 ± 1.8 MN‰) than those from Juréia-Itatins (2.0 ± 1.0 MN‰; P 0.0001). The more-polluted conditions found in the mangrove sediments of Cubatão were reflected in the micronucleus assay, demonstrating their genotoxic effect; however, genetic damage should be attributed to a synergistic effect with other kinds of pollutants previously recorded in different environments of Cubatão. U. cordatus proved to be an excellent bioindicator of mangrove pollution. This study established, for the first time, the normal frequency of MN‰ in a population of this species within an ecological station.

The juvenile development of the freshwater crab Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson, 1861 was studied under laboratory conditions, focusing on setae morphology. The ovigerous females were collected manually associated with water hyacinth at the Municipal Dam of São José do Rio Preto (São Paulo, Brazil). The specimens were raised in the laboratory under constant aeration, photoperiod (12 : 12 h) and temperature (27 ± 1°C). Twelve juvenile stages were obtained with descriptions of the main morphological characters that allow their identification are presented. Fourteen types of setae were discovered: dentate, denticulate, serrulate, papposerrate, cuspidate, plumose, plumodenticulate, plumoserrulate, simple, pappose, brush, curved, nail and setules. The greatest diversity of setae was found on the mouth appendages, especially the maxillule. The gill ontogeny and sexual dimorphism becomes apparent from the second juvenile stage onwards. At the third juvenile stage, the carapace begins to exhibit a wider shape, becoming similar to that of the adults.