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6. Diagnostic yield as an important metric for the evaluation of novel tuberculosis tests: rationale and guidance for future research

Author

Broger, Tobias, Marx, Florian M, Theron, Grant, Marais, Ben J, Nicol, Mark P, Kerkhoff, Andrew D, Nathavitharana, Ruvandhi, Huerga, Helena, Gupta-Wright, Ankur, Kohli, Mikashmi, Nichols, Brooke E, Muyoyeta, Monde, Meintjes, Graeme, Ruhwald, Morten, Peeling, Rosanna W, Pai, Nitika Pant, Pollock, Nira R, Pai, Madhukar, Cattamanchi, Adithya, Dowdy, David W, Dewan, Puneet, and Denkinger, Claudia M

Published
2024
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9. Classification of early tuberculosis states to guide research for improved care and prevention: an international Delphi consensus exercise

Author

Alland, David, Behr, Marcel A, Beko, Busisiwe B, Burhan, Erlina, Churchyard, Gavin, Cobelens, Frank, Denholm, Justin T, Dinkele, Ryan, Ellner, Jerrold J, Fatima, Razia, Haigh, Kate A, Hatherill, Mark, Horton, Katherine C, Kendall, Emily A, Khan, Palwasha Y, MacPherson, Peter, Malherbe, Stephanus T, Mave, Vidya, Mendelsohn, Simon C, Musvosvi, Munyaradzi, Nemes, Elisa, Penn-Nicholson, Adam, Ramamurthy, Dharanidharan, Rangaka, Molebogeng X, Sahu, Suvanand, Schwalb, Alvaro, Shah, Divya K, Sheerin, Dylan, Simon, Donald, Steyn, Adrie J C, Thu Anh, Nguyen, Walzl, Gerhard, Weller, Charlotte L, Williams, Caroline ML, Wong, Emily B, Wood, Robin, Xie, Yingda L, Yi, Siyan, Coussens, Anna K, Zaidi, Syed M A, Allwood, Brian W, Dewan, Puneet K, Gray, Glenda, Kohli, Mikashmi, Kredo, Tamara, Marais, Ben J, Marks, Guy B, Martinez, Leo, Ruhwald, Morten, Scriba, Thomas J, Seddon, James A, Tisile, Phumeza, Warner, Digby F, Wilkinson, Robert J, Esmail, Hanif, and Houben, Rein M G J

Published
2024
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11. Management of the infant born to a mother with tuberculosis: a systematic review and consensus practice guideline

Author

Hasan, Nadia, Nourse, Clare, Schaaf, H Simon, Bekker, Adrie, Loveday, Marian, Alcântara Gabardo, Betina M, Coulter, Christopher, Chabala, Chishala, Kabra, Sushil, Moore, Eilish, Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth, Salazar-Austin, Nicole, Ritz, Nicole, Starke, Jeffrey R, Steenhoff, Andrew P, Triasih, Rina, Welch, Steven B, and Marais, Ben J

Published
2024
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16. Caring for Adolescents and Young Adults With Tuberculosis or at Risk of Tuberculosis: Consensus Statement From an International Expert Panel

Author

Chiang, Silvia S., Waterous, Patricia M., Atieno, Vivian Faith, Bernays, Sarah, Bondarenko, Yaroslava, Cruz, Andrea T., de Oliveira, Márcia C.B., Del Castillo Barrientos, Hernán, Enimil, Anthony, Ferlazzo, Gabriella, Ferrand, Rashida Abbas, Furin, Jennifer, Hoddinott, Graeme, Isaakidis, Petros, Kranzer, Katharina, Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth, Mansoor, Homa, Marais, Ben J., Mohr-Holland, Erika, Morales, Mabel, Nguyen, Anh Phuong, Oliyo, Joshua Ochieng, Sant’Anna, Clemax Couto, Sawyer, Susan M., Schaaf, H. Simon, Seddon, James A., Sharma, Sangeeta, Skrahina, Alena, Starke, Jeffrey R., Triasih, Rina, Tsogt, Bazarragchaa, Welch, Henry, and Enane, Leslie A.

Published
2023
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18. Inappropriate supply of antibiotics for common viral infections by community pharmacies in Vietnam: A standardised patient survey

Author

Zawahir, Shukry, Le, Hien Thi Thu, Nguyen, Thu-Anh, Beardsley, Justin, Dang, Anh Duc, Bernays, Sarah, Viney, Kerri, Cao, Thai Hung, Drabarek, Dorothy, Tran, Hoang Huy, Nguyen, Son Tu, Pham, Van Thi Thuy, Luong, Tan Minh, Tran, Hung Thi Mai, Nguyen, Nhung Viet, Jan, Stephen, Marais, Ben J, Negin, Joel, Marks, Guy B, and Fox, Greg J

Published
2022
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19. Treatment Outcomes of Childhood Tuberculous Meningitis in a Real-World Retrospective Cohort, Bandung, Indonesia

Author

Nataprawira, Heda M., Gafar, Fajri, Risan, Nelly A., Wulandari, Diah A., Sudarwati, Sri, Marais, Ben J., Stevens, Jasper, Alffenaar, Jan-Willem C., and Ruslami, Rovina

Subjects
Bandung, Indonesia -- Health aspects, Tuberculous meningitis -- Drug therapy -- Patient outcomes -- Prognosis, Pediatric research, Health
Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem, and an estimated 1.2 million new pediatric cases and 230,000 deaths occurred in children 50% of survivors, even when treatment is provided [...]

Published
2022
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25. Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and Mycobacterial Culture on Multiple Specimen Types for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Disease in Young Children and Clinical Characterization According to Standardized Research Case Definitions

Author

Click, Eleanor S., Song, Rinn, Smith, Jonathan P., Mchembere, Walter, Fajans, Mark, Hariri, Parisa, Okeyo, Elisha, McCarthy, Kimberly D., Gethi, Dickson, Odeny, Lazarus, Musau, Susan, Okumu, Albert, Orwa, James, Perez-Velez, Carlos M., Wright, Colleen A., Andres, Mariaem M., Marais, Ben J., Schaaf, H. Simon, Graham, Stephen M., Cruz, Andrea T., and Cain, Kevin P.

Published
2022
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26. Evaluation of the 2016-2020 regional tuberculosis response framework, WHO Western Pacific Region/Evaluation du cadre d'action regional 2016-2020 de lutte contre la tuberculose, Region du Pacifique occidental de l'OMS/Evaluacion del marco regional de respuesta a la tuberculosis 2016-2020, Region del Pacifico Occidental de la OMS

Author

Viney, Kerri, Lowbridge, Chris, Morishita, Fukushi, Rahevar, Kalpeshsinh, Oh, Kyung H., Islam, Tauhid, and Marais, Ben J.

Subjects
Strategic planning (Business) -- Case studies -- Analysis -- Surveys, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Case studies -- Analysis -- Surveys, Tuberculosis -- Case studies -- Surveys -- Analysis, Employees -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Health
Abstract

Objective To assess the implementation of the Regional framework for action on implementation of the End TB Strategy in the Western Pacific, 2016-2020 in countries and areas in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. Methods We used a mixed methods approach to assess the framework's measurable and perceived impact. We conducted an analysis of national tuberculosis strategic plans, a cross-sectional survey of senior staff of tuberculosis programmes, key informant interviews and some country case studies. Findings Of the 37 countries and areas of the Western Pacific Region, 14 had a national tuberculosis strategic plan, including all countries and areas with a high incidence of tuberculosis. Most senior tuberculosis programme staff who responded to the survey (16/23) found the regional framework useful when developing their national targets and grant applications. Programmatic challenges identified included financing, human resources, public-private mix, active case finding, and paediatric and drug-resistant tuberculosis. Most of the 17 key informants thought that the regional framework's categorization of actions (for all settings, for specific settings and for pre-elimination settings) was useful, but that the added value of the regional framework over other relevant documents was not obvious because of overlap in content. Conclusion The regional framework influenced national level tuberculosis control planning and implementation in a positive way. A future regional framework should provide a longer-term strategic horizon and specifically address emerging trends and persistent problems faced by countries or areas of the region. Objectif Evaluer la mise en oeuvre du Cadre d'action regional pour la mise en oeuvre de la Strategie visant a mettre un terme a la tuberculose dans le Pacifique occidental 2016-2020 dans les pays et territoires appartenant a la Region du Pacifique occidental de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante. Methodes Nous avons adopte une approche de methodes mixtes afin de calculer l'incidence mesurable et effective du cadre. Nous avons mene une analyse des plans strategiques nationaux de lutte contre la tuberculose, une enquete transversale aupres des directeurs de programmes de lutte contre la tuberculose, des entretiens avec les principaux intervenants, et quelques etudes de cas concernant differents pays. Resultats Sur les 37 pays et territoires de la Region du Pacifique occidental, 14 possedaient un plan strategique national de lutte contre la tuberculose, y compris tous les pays ou la maladie est encore tres presente. La plupart des directeurs de programmes de lutte contre la tuberculose ayant repondu a l'enquete (16/23) ont juge le cadre regional utile a l'elaboration de leurs objectifs nationaux et demandes de subventions. Plusieurs defis lies aux programmes ont ete identifies: financement, ressources humaines, melange public-prive, depistage actif des cas, mais aussi tuberculose pediatrique et pharmacoresistante. La majorite des 17 intervenants cles interroges estimaient que la classification des actions dans le cadre regional (pour toutes les phases, pour les phases specifiques et pour les phases de pre-elimination) etait judicieuse, mais que la valeur ajoutee du cadre regional vis-a-vis d'autres documents pertinents n'etait pas toujours evidente en raison d'un recoupement des contenus. Conclusion Le cadre regional a eu une influence positive sur la planification et la mise en oevre de la lutte contre la tuberculose au niveau national. Le futur cadre regional doit fournir un horizon strategique a plus long terme; il doit egalement tenir compte des nouvelles tendances et des problemes persistants rencontres par les pays et territoires de la region. Objetivo Evaluar la aplicacion del Marco de accion regional para la implementacion de la estrategia para detener la tuberculosis en el Pacifico Occidental, 2016-2020 en los paises y areas de la Region del Pacifico Occidental de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud. Metodos Utilizamos un enfoque de metodos mixtos para evaluar el impacto medible y percibido del marco. Realizamos un analisis de los planes estrategicos nacionales contra la tuberculosis, una encuesta transversal del personal directivo de los programas contra la tuberculosis, entrevistas con informantes clave y algunos estudios de casos de paises. Resultados De los 37 paises y areas de la Region del Pacifico Occidental, 14 contaban con un plan estrategico nacional contra la tuberculosis, entre los que se encontraban todos los paises con una alta incidencia de la enfermedad. La mayor parte del personal directivo de los programas de tuberculosis que respondio a la encuesta (16/23) considero que el marco regional era util a la hora de elaborar sus objetivos nacionales y sus solicitudes de subvencion. Los retos programaticos identificados fueron la financiacion, los recursos humanos, la combinacion publico-privada, la busqueda activa de casos y la tuberculosis pediatrica y farmacorresistente. La mayoria de los 17 informantes clave consideraron que la categorizacion de las acciones del marco regional (para todos los entornos, para entornos especificos y para entornos de preeliminacion) era util, pero que el valor anadido del marco regional respecto a otros documentos pertinentes no era obvio debido al solapamiento del contenido. Conclusion El marco regional influyo positivamente en la planificacion y aplicacion del control de la tuberculosis a nivel nacional. Un futuro marco regional deberia proporcionar un horizonte estrategico a mas largo plazo y abordar especificamente las tendencias emergentes y los problemas persistentes a los que se enfrentan los paises y areas de la region., Introduction Tuberculosis remains a major public health concern in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (1) The region has a population of 1.9 billion people with 37 countries [...]

Published
2021
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30. MDR/XDR-TB management of patients and contacts: Challenges facing the new decade. The 2020 clinical update by the Global Tuberculosis Network

Author

Arkub, T. Abu, Akkerman, O.W., Aleksa, A., Belilovski, E., Bernal, E., Blanc, F-X., Boeree, M., Borisov, S., Bruchfeld, J., Cadiñanos Loidi, J., Caminero, J.A., Carvalho, A.C., Cebrian Gallardo, J.J., Charalampos, Danila, E., Davies Forsman, L., Denholm, J., Dheda, K., Diel, R., Diktanas, S., Dobler, C., Enwerem, M., Esposito, S., Escobar Salinas, N., Filippov, A., Formenti, B., García García, J.M., Goletti, D., Gomez Rosso, R., Gualano, G., Isaakidis, P., Kaluzhenina, A., Koirala, S., Kuksa, L., Kunst, H., Li, Y., Magis-Escurra, C., Manfrin, V., Manga, S., Manika, K., Marchese, V., Martínez Robles, E., Maryandyshev, A., Matteelli, A., Mariani, A., Mazza-Stalder, J., Mello, F., Mendoza, L., Mesi, A., Miliauskas, S., Mustafa Hamdan, H., Ndjeka, N., Nieto Marcos, M., Ottenhoff, T.H.M., Palmero, D.J., Palmieri, F., Papavasileiou, A., Payen, M.C., Pontarelli, A., Pretti Dalcolmo, M., Quirós Fernandez, S., Romero, R., Rossato Silva, D., Santos, A.P., Seaworth, B., Sinitsyn, M., Skrahina, A., Solovic, I., Spanevello, A., Tadolini, M., Torres, C., Udwadia, Z., van den Boom, M., Volchenkov, G.V., Yedilbayev, A., Zaleskis, R., Zellweger, J.P., Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Tiberi, Simon, Zumla, Alimuddin, Petersen, Eskild, Chakaya, Jeremiah Muhwa, Wejse, Christian, Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, Duarte, Raquel, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Schaaf, H. Simon, Marais, Ben J., Cirillo, Daniela Maria, Alagna, Riccardo, Rendon, Adrian, Pontali, Emanuele, Piubello, Alberto, Figueroa, José, Ferlazzo, Gabriella, García-Basteiro, Alberto, Centis, Rosella, Visca, Dina, D’Ambrosio, Lia, and Sotgiu, Giovanni

Published
2020
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33. GeneXpert MTB/Rif to Diagnose Tuberculous Meningitis: Perhaps the First Test but not the Last

Author

Bahr, Nathan C, Marais, Suzaan, Caws, Maxine, van Crevel, Reinout, Wilkinson, Robert J, Tyagi, Jaya S, Thwaites, Guy E, Boulware, David R, Aarnoutse, Rob, Van Crevel, Reinout, van Laarhoven, Aarjan, Dian, Sofiati, Cronan, Mark R, Tobin, David, Dooley, Kelly, Dunstan, Sarah, Feng, Guo-dong, Shi, Xiaodan, Wang, Ting, Figaji, Anthony, McIlleron, Helen, Meintjes, Graeme, Rohlwink, Ursula, Rizal, Ahmad, Ruslami, Rovina, Garg, Ravindra K, Gupta, Mudit, Gupta, Rakesh K, Gupta, Sneha, Savic, Rada, Heemskerk, Anna D, Nguyễn, Thương Thụy Thương, Nguyễn, Mai Thị Hoàng, Srinivasan, Vijay, Thwaites, Guy, Trần, Trâm Thị Bích, Trần, Thịnh Thi Vân, Trần, Anh Thi Ngọc, Võ, Trang Hồng Yêng, Wolbers, Marcel, Kalita, Jayantee, Misra, Usha K, Lai, Rachel, Marais, Ben J, Trinh, Mai Quỳnh, Nguyễn, Bằng Đức, Nguyễn, Yến Bích, Patel, Vinod, Pouplin, Thomas, Ramakrishnan, Lalita, Schoeman, Johan F, Solomons, Regan, Van Toorn, Ronald, Seddon, James, Shah, Javeed, and Visser, Douwe H

Subjects
Rare Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, DNA, Bacterial, Humans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Tuberculosis, Meningeal, Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium, diagnosis, guideline, meningitis, perspective, tuberculous, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculous with substantial mortality. In May 2015, 54 researchers from 10 countries met in Da Lat, Vietnam, to discuss advances in TBM. Among the attendees were researchers involved in pivotal studies on the use of Xpert MTB/Rif for TBM diagnosis. Attendees discussed the 2014 World Health Organization strong recommendation favoring the use of Xpert "in preference to conventional microscopy and culture as the initial diagnostic test for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) if the sample volume is low or if additional specimens cannot be obtained to make a quick diagnosis." Attendees were concerned that the limitations of Xpert testing for TBM are not emphasized. Clear guidance is needed for the investigational pathway for TBM, including recommendations on the diagnostic package of investigations, which does not stop with Xpert testing. Second, emphasis on the large CSF volumes (ideally 8-10 mL) needed for Xpert testing is required. Guidelines should also emphasize that TBM is a medical emergency and early treatment reduces mortality.

Published
2016

38. Classification of early tuberculosis states to guide research for improved care and prevention: an international Delphi consensus exercise.

Author

Coussens, Anna K, Zaidi, Syed M A, Allwood, Brian W, Dewan, Puneet K, Gray, Glenda, Kohli, Mikashmi, Kredo, Tamara, Marais, Ben J, Marks, Guy B, Martinez, Leo, Ruhwald, Morten, Scriba, Thomas J, Seddon, James A, Tisile, Phumeza, Warner, Digby F, Wilkinson, Robert J, Esmail, Hanif, and Houben, Rein M G J

Subjects
DELPHI method, TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis, EVIDENCE gaps, SYMPTOMS
Abstract

The current active–latent paradigm of tuberculosis largely neglects the documented spectrum of disease. Inconsistency with regard to definitions, terminology, and diagnostic criteria for different tuberculosis states has limited the progress in research and product development that are needed to achieve tuberculosis elimination. We aimed to develop a new framework of classification for tuberculosis that accommodates key disease states but is sufficiently simple to support pragmatic research and implementation. Through an international Delphi exercise that involved 71 participants representing a wide range of disciplines, sectors, income settings, and geographies, consensus was reached on a set of conceptual states, related terminology, and research gaps. The International Consensus for Early TB (ICE-TB) framework distinguishes disease from infection by the presence of macroscopic pathology and defines two subclinical and two clinical tuberculosis states on the basis of reported symptoms or signs of tuberculosis, further differentiated by likely infectiousness. The presence of viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis and an associated host response are prerequisites for all states of infection and disease. Our framework provides a clear direction for tuberculosis research, which will, in time, improve tuberculosis clinical care and elimination policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Disease spectrum and prognostic factors in patients treated for tuberculous meningitis in Shaanxi province, China.

Author

Ting Wang, Meng-yan Li, Xin-shan Cai, Qiu-sheng Cheng, Ze Li, Ting-ting Liu, Lin-fu Zhou, Hong-hao Wang, Guo-dong Feng, Marais, Ben J., and Gang Zhao

Subjects
TUBERCULOSIS, TUBERCULOUS meningitis, PROGNOSIS, SYMPTOMS, CENTRAL nervous system, CEREBROSPINAL fluid
Abstract

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis (TB) and can be difficult to diagnose and treat. We aimed to describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, disease spectrum, outcome, and prognostic factors of patients treated for TBM in China. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted from 2009 to 2019 enrolling all presumptive TBM patients referred to Xijing tertiary Hospital from 27 referral centers in and around Shaanxi province, China. Patients with clinical features suggestive of TBM (abnormal CSF parameters) were included in the study if they had adequate baseline information to be classified as "confirmed," "probable," or "possible" TBM according to international consensus TBM criteria and remained in follow-up. Patients with a confirmed alternative diagnosis or severe immune compromise were excluded. Clinical presentation, central nervous system imaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results, TBM score, and outcome--assessed using the modified Barthel disability index--were recorded and compared. Findings: A total of 341 presumptive TBM patients met selection criteria; 63 confirmed TBM (25 culture positive, 42 Xpert-MTB/RIF positive), 66 probable TBM, 163 possible TBM, and 49 "not TBM." Death was associated with BMRC grade III (OR = 5.172; 95%CI: 2.298-11.641), TBM score = 15 (OR = 3.843; 95%CI: 1.372-10.761), age > 60 years (OR = 3.566; 95%CI: 1.022-12.442), and CSF neutrophil ratio = 25% (OR = 2.298; 95%CI: 1.027-5.139). Among those with confirmed TBM, nearly one-third (17/63, 27.0%) had a TBM score < 12; these patients exhibited less classic meningitis symptoms and signs and had better outcomes compared with those with a TBM score = 12. In this group, signs of disseminated/miliary TB (OR = 12.427; 95%CI: 1.138-135.758) and a higher TBM score (=15, OR = 8.437; 95%CI: 1.328-53.585) were most strongly associated with death. Conclusion: TBM patients who are older (>60 years) have higher TBM scores or CSF neutrophil ratios, have signs of disseminated/miliary TB, and are at greatest risk of death. In general, more effort needs to be done to improve early diagnosis and treatment outcome in TBM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Cross-Border Movement of Highly Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Papua New Guinea to Australia through Torres Strait Protected Zone, 2010-2015

Author

Bainomugisa, Arnold, Pandey, Sushil, Donnan, Ellen, Simpson, Graham, Foster, J'Belle, Lavu, Evelyn, Hiasihri, Stenard, McBryde, Emma S., Moke, Rendi, Vincent, Steven, Sintchenko, Vitali, Marais, Ben J., Coin, Lachlan J.M., and Coulter, Christopher

Subjects
Genomes, Tuberculosis -- Drug therapy, Antitubercular agents, DNA sequencing, Genomics, Microbial drug resistance -- Drug therapy, Drug resistance, Ethionamide, Health, World Health Organization
Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death globally (1). To reduce the burden of TB, many countries committed to achieving a 90% reduction in TB incidence by 2035 [...]

Published
2019
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48. Reply to Dhawan and Sankhyan

Author

Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium, Marais, Ben J., Heemskerk, Doortje, and Thwaites, Guy E.

Published
2017

49. Standardized Methods for Enhanced Quality and Comparability of Tuberculous Meningitis Studies

Author

Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium, Marais, Ben J., Heemskerk, Anna D., Marais, Suzaan S., van Crevel, Reinout, Rohlwink, Ursula, Caws, Maxine, Meintjes, Graeme, Misra, Usha K., Mai, Nguyen T. H., Ruslami, Rovina, Seddon, James A., Solomons, Regan, van Toorn, Ronald, Figaji, Anthony, Mcllleron, Helen, Aarnoutse, Robert, Schoeman, Johan F., Wilkinson, Robert J., and Thwaites, Guy E.

Published
2017

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