Search

Objective: To study the association between usual dietary factors (dietary energy density, nutrient intake, food group consumption, and dietary pattern) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume/F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) uptake after personalized cold exposure in young healthy adults.Methods: A total of 122 young adults (n = 82 women; 22.0 +/- 2.1 years old; 24.8 +/- 4.8 kg/m(2)) took part in this cross-sectional study. Dietary factors were measured via a food frequency questionnaire and three non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Dietary energy density (foods and caloric beverages included) and macronutrient intakes were subsequently estimated using EvaIFINUT (R) software, food group consumption was estimated from the food frequency questionnaire, and different dietary patterns and quality indices were determined according to the reference methods. BAT volume, BAT F-18-FDG uptake, and skeletal muscle F-18-FDG uptake were assessed by static F-18-FDG positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) scans after a 2 h personalized exposure to cold.Results: A direct association was detected between dietary energy density and BAT Standardized Uptake Value (SUV)mean (beta = 0.215; R-2 = 0.044; P = 0.022), and between ethanol consumption and BAT volume (beta = 0.215; R-2 = 0.044; P = 0.022). The a priori Mediterranean dietary pattern was inversely associated with BAT SUVmean and SUVpeak (beta = -0.273; R-2 = 0.075; P = 0.003 and beta = -0.255; R-2 = 0.066; P = 0.005 respectively). In addition, the diet quality index for a Mediterranean diet and a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern (as determined via the dietary inflammatory index) were directly associated with BAT SUVmean and SUVpeak (SUVmean: beta = 0.238; R-2 = 0.053; P = 0.013 and beta = 0.256; R-2 = 0.052; P = 0.012 respectively; SUVpeak: beta = 0.278; R-2 = 0.073; P = 0.003 and beta = 0.248; R-2 = 0.049; P = 0.016 respectively). After controlling for multiplicity and possible confounders (sex, the evaluation wave and BMI), all the detected associations persisted.Conclusion: Dietary factors are slightly associated with BAT volume and/or F-18-FDG uptake after a personalized cold exposure in young adults. Our results provide an overall picture of the potential relationships between dietary factors and BAT-related variables in humans. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Background: The prevalence of obesity in Chilean preschoolers is high. Simple methods for the diagnosis in Chilean preschoolers are of public health interest. We determined neck circumference cut-off points as a proxy measure of obesity according to age and sex.Methods: 597 participants (267 girls) were included. NC, weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. Body mass index scores (BMI z scores) was calculated. Descriptive variables for girls and boys were compared with t-test. Pearson correlations were calculated to examine the relationship of NC with classical anthropometric measures. NC cut-off values (ROC analysis) and Kappa coefficient, were calculated.Results: NC was positively associated with BMI z score and WC among girls and boys, across age groups (all pConclusions: NC demonstrated to be a reliable indicator for the diagnosis of obesity for Chilean preschoolers. Future studies are needed to validate this finding.

Neck circumference (NC) has been proposed as a simple and practical tool, independently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the association of NC with inter-muscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is still to be determined. We aimed to examine the association of NC with thigh IMAT, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured with computed tomography (CT) in overweight/obese women. 142 premenopausal overweight and obese Caucasian women participated in this cross-sectional study. NC was measured with an inextensible metallic tape above the thyroid cartilage according to International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol. Thigh IMAT and VAT volumes were measured with a single cross-sectional CT. Regarding the covariates, fat mass (FM) was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and physical activity was objectively measured with accelerometry. NC was positively associated with thigh IMAT and VAT volumes (standardized β coefficient: β = 0.45, P-value = ≤0.001, β = 0.60, P = ≤ 0.001; respectively), which persisted after adjusting for age, height, overall FM or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Our findings show that NC is associated with thigh IMAT volume in overweight and obese premenopausal Caucasian women, regardless of the amount of lower-body fatness. These results suggest underscoring the relevance of NC as a marker of adipose tissue content in thigh skeletal muscle.

To study the association between usual dietary factors (dietary energy density, nutrient intake, food group consumption, and dietary pattern) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume/A total of 122 young adults (n = 82 women; 22.0 ± 2.1 years old; 24.8 ± 4.8 kg/mA direct association was detected between dietary energy density and BAT Standardized Uptake Value (SUV)mean (β = 0.215; RDietary factors are slightly associated with BAT volume and/or

Objective To compare body composition estimations of field estimation methods: Durnin & Womersley anthropometry (DW-ANT), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and Deborah-Kerr anthropometry (DK-ANT) against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a male Chilean sport climbing sample. Methods 30 adult male climbers of different performance levels participated in the study. A DXA scan (Lunar Prodigy (R)) was used to determine fat mass, lean mass and total bone mineral content (BMC). Total muscle mass (MM, kg) was estimated through a validated prediction model. DW-ANT and BIA ("non-athletes" and "athletes" equations) were used to determinate fat mass percentage (FM %), while DK-ANT was utilized to estimate MM and BMC. Results A significant (p

Background: Due to a clinical and public health interest of neck circumference (NC), a better understanding of this simple anthropometric measurement, as a valid marker of body composition is necessary. Methods: A total of 119 young healthy adults participated in this study. NC was measured over the thyroid cartilage and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the neck. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured. A Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was used to determine fat mass, lean mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Additionally, body mass index (BMI) and triponderal mass index (TMI), the waist to hip and waist to height ratios, and the fat mass and lean mass indexes (FMI and LMI, respectively) were calculated. Results: NC was positively associated in women (W) and men (M), with BMI (rW = 0.70 and rM = 0.84, respectively), TMI (rW = 0.63 and rM = 0.80, respectively), WC (rW = 0.75 and rM = 0.86, respectively), VAT (rW = 0.74 and rM = 0.82, respectively), Waist/hip (rW = 0.51 and rM = 0.67, respectively), Waist/height (rW = 0.68 and rM = 0.83, respectively) and FMI (rW = 0.61 and rM = 0.81, respectively). The association between NC and indicators of body composition was however weaker than that observed by BMI, TMI, WC and Waist/height in both women and men. It is of note that in women, NC was associated with FMI, VAT and LMI independently of BMI. In men, adding NC to anthropometric variables did not improve the prediction of body composition, while slight improvements were observed in women. Conclusions: Taken together, the present study provides no indication for NC as a useful proxy of body composition parameters in young adults, yet future studies should explore its usefulness as a measure to use in combination with BMI, especially in women., This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Grants (DEP2016-79512-R and PTA 12264-I), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI13/01393), and Retos de la Sociedad (DEP2016-79512-R), Fondos Estructurales de la Unión Europea (FEDER), by the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU 13/04365), by the Fundación Iberoamericana de Nutrición (FINUT), by the Redes temáticas de investigación cooperativa RETIC (Red SAMID RD16/0022), by AstraZeneca HealthCare Foundation and by the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Scientific Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), Plan Propio de Investigación 2018: Programa Contratos-Puente and Programa Perfeccionamiento de Doctores, by the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades, the European Regional Development Funds (ref. SOMM17/6107/UGR), by the Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero, and by the Fundación Carolina (C.2016-574961). This study is part of a Ph.D. Thesis conducted in the Biomedicine Doctoral Studies of the University of Granada, Spain.

El objetivo de la presente revision sistematica fue realizar una busqueda acerca de la validez del perimetro de cuello como marcador de adiposidad en ninos y adolescentes asi como en poblacion adulta. Se realizo una busqueda sistematica de articulos publicados antes del 30 de junio de 2017, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed y Web of Science. Se buscaron estudios originales, en idioma espanol o ingles, que analizaran la asociacion entre el perimetro del cuello y al menos un marcador de adiposidad. En PubMed se usaron las categorias MeSH (medical subject heading).El criterio de busqueda utilizado fue: ((“neck circumference” or “neck diameter”) AND (“Body Composition”[Mesh] OR “Anthropometry”[Mesh])). Se repitio la busqueda en Web of Science. Se identifico un total de 494 estudios, de los cuales 47 fueron finalmente seleccionados para esta revision. El 66% de los estudios (16 en ninos y adolescentes y 15 en adultos) solo especifican que existe relacion entre perimetro del cuello e indicadores doblemente-indirectos tales como el indice de masa corporal, la circunferencia de cintura o ratio circunferencia cintura/cadera en ninos y adultos. Ademas, se observo que el perimetro del cuello se asocia de forma directa con marcadores de adiposidad indirectos, medidos mediante metodos de referencia tales como la tomografia axial computarizada (TAC) o la absorciometria dual de rayos X (DXA) en adultos, mientras que no se encontraron estudios en ninos. En conclusion, el perimetro del cuello se asocia a marcadores indirectos de masa grasa total y central en ninos y adolescentes, mientras que en adultos el perimetro del cuello se asocia a parametros de adiposidad medidos tanto con metodos indirectos como doblemente-indirectos. Se requieren nuevos estudios con metodos que analicen la asociacion entre el perimetro del cuello y la composicion corporal analizada mediante metodos de referencia, principalmente en ninos y adolescentes.

The effect of exercise on fat-acid oxidation depends on its intensity and duration. Pre-training ingest of carbohydrates (CH) decreases the rate of fat oxidation. In contrast, the effect of pre-consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is less known.the aim of this study was to compare the effect of pre-consumption of two isocaloric snacks in a standardized exercise session during a period of nine weeks and to quantify their impact in the fat oxidation and decrease of fat mass in healthy and physically active adults.randomized, placebo-control clinical trial study. A total of 19 subjects between 20 and 39 years old were randomly distributed in three groups: CH group, with snack of high content of complex CH; FAT group, with snack of high content of MUFA; and control group, with a minimum fast for three hours before the training session. The measurements were rate of fat oxidation, body composition, and endurance training with continuing and intervallic modalities.the control group showed a tendency to fat mass decrease at the end of the intervention. The fat oxidation of group had a higher tendency than the CH and control group, before and after the intervention. Nevertheless, statistical differences of fat oxidation were not found between the groups.the fat oxidation and the decrease of fat mass may not be influenced by the type of food previously consumed before exercise.Introducción: el efecto del ejercicio sobre la oxidación de los ácidos grasos depende de la intensidad y la duración. La ingesta de hidratos de carbono (HC) previo a una rutina de entrenamiento disminuye la tasa de oxidación de los ácidos grasos (FATmax). En contraste, el efecto del consumo de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (AGMI) es poco concluyente.Objetivos: comparar el efecto de dos colaciones isocalóricas consumidas una hora antes de una sesión de ejercicio físico estandarizado durante nueve semanas sobre FATmax y la disminución de la masa grasa en adultos sanos físicamente activos.Metodología: ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado. Un total de 19 sujetos entre 20 y 39 años fueron distribuidos al azar en tres grupos: grupo HC, con una colación alta en HC complejos; grupo lípidos, con una colación alta en AGMI; y grupo control, con ayuno mínimo de tres horas previo a la sesión de ejercicio. Se realizaron mediciones de FATmax, análisis de composición corporal y entrenamiento de resistencia aeróbica, con modalidades continuas e interválicas.Resultados: el grupo control mostró una tendencia a la disminución de masa grasa después de nueve semanas de entrenamiento. El FATmax fue mayor en los grupos HC y control en condiciones de pre y postintervención. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias signifi cativas para FATmax entre los grupos.Conclusiones: el FATmax y la disminución de masa grasa podrían no estar influenciados por el tipo de alimentos previamente consumidos antes del ejercicio.

Objective: To evaluate the association of physical fitness (PF) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) with heart rate recovery time (ΔHRR) in Chilean school aged children. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 478 6-9 years old children participants. We measured weight, height and abdominal circumference. Fitness was measured using the 6MWT, grip strength and leap forward without impulse tests; PF z-scores were calculated. Heart rate (HR) was monitored and recorded during the 6MWT. ΔHRR was calculated as the difference between HR before and one minute after test; blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol were measured. Waist circumference, CMR-z and HOMA were calculated. Results: Absolute ΔHRR and CMR-z measures in normal weight children were lower than in obese children (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). In obese children, ΔHRR was also associated with grip strength/weight (r = -0.6, p < 0.01) and PF-z (r = -0.6, p = 0.04). Insulin and HOMA were significantly related to ΔHRR (r = 0.3, p < 0.001), especially in overweight and obese children. ΔHRR values were not associated with CMR-z. Conclusions: A significant relationship between ΔHRR with fitness and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese school children was found. We consider that these results support the need to measure these variables in overweight and obese children, in order to strengthen the need for early prevention.

The objective of this systematic review was doing a search of the validity of neck perimeter as a marker of adiposity in children and adolescents as well as in adults. A systematic search for articles published before June 30, 2017 was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Original studies, in Spanish or English, were searched to analyze the association between neck circumference and any other marker of adiposity. MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) categories were used in PubMed. The search criteria used were: (("neck circumference" or "neck diameter") AND ("Body Composition" [Mesh] OR "Anthropometry" [Mesh])). This search was repeated in Web of Science. We identified 494 studies, of which 47 were finally selected for this review. From the total, 66% of studies (16 in children and adolescents and 15 in adults) only specify that there is a relationship between neck circumference and body mass index or waist circumference, waist/hip circumference ratio in children and adults. We also observed that neck circumference was directly associated with adiposity markers indirectly measured by reference methods such as computed tomography (CT) or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in adults. Conversely, no studies were found in children and adolescents. In conclusion, neck circumference is associated with doubly-indirect markers of total and central fat mass in children and adolescents, while in adults it is associated with adiposity parameters measured with indirect and doubly-indirect methods. Further studies including methods that address the association between neck circumference and body composition analyzed using reference methods are required, especially in children and adolescents.

Introduccion: el efecto del ejercicio sobre la oxidacion de los acidos grasos depende de la intensidad y la duracion. La ingesta de hidratos de carbono (HC) previo a una rutina de entrenamiento disminuye la tasa de oxidacion de los acidos grasos (FATmax). En contraste, el efecto del consumo de acidos grasos monoinsaturados (AGMI) es poco concluyente. Objetivos: comparar el efecto de dos colaciones isocaloricas consumidas una hora antes de una sesion de ejercicio fisico estandarizado durante nueve semanas sobre FATmax y la disminucion de la masa grasa en adultos sanos fisicamente activos. Metodologia: ensayo clinico aleatorizado controlado. Un total de 19 sujetos entre 20 y 39 anos fueron distribuidos al azar en tres grupos: grupo HC, con una colacion alta en HC complejos; grupo lipidos, con una colacion alta en AGMI; y grupo control, con ayuno minimo de tres horas previo a la sesion de ejercicio. Se realizaron mediciones de FATmax, analisis de composicion corporal y entrenamiento de resistencia aerobica, con modalidades continuas e intervalicas. Resultados: el grupo control mostro una tendencia a la disminucion de masa grasa despues de nueve semanas de entrenamiento. El FATmax fue mayor en los grupos HC y control en condiciones de pre y postintervencion. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias signifi cativas para FATmax entre los grupos. Conclusiones: el FATmax y la disminucion de masa grasa podrian no estar infl uenciados por el tipo de alimentos previamente consumidos antes del ejercicio.