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In the present study, weed plants viz., Calotropis procera, Ricinus communis, Lantana camara, Achyranthes aspera, Wedelia chinensis, and Colocasia esculenta were evaluated against Meloidogyne incog...

Background: Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are the most devastating pests of vegetables, especially in the tropic and subtropic regions. Meloidogyne incognita is among the major pathogens found in the tomato crop and causes a significant yield loss. This study evaluates the resistance and susceptible cultivar of tomato against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita). Methods: A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the resistance or susceptibility of nine tomato cultivars against M. incognita. Nine cultivars of tomato (Jyoti-4, Navuday, P-21, T9, Pusa-Rohini, Pusa-Sheetal, Pusa-Ruby, Tomato-Ped and Tomato-Round) were procured from Indian Institute of Agriculture Research (IARI), New Delhi and Chola seeds store Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. Two weeks old seedlings of each cultivar were transplanted singly into each pot of 15 cm diameter (1 kg mixture of soil). Only one healthy seedling of each cultivar was maintained in each pot, including the control. Each pot was inoculated with 1500 freshly hatched second-stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita. This experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications of each cultivar. Result: According to the rating scale of galls and reductions in growth parameters, cultivars Pusa-Ruby and Tomato-Ped were found highly susceptible. Five cultivars, namely Jyoti-4, Navuday, Pusa-Sheetal, P-21 and Tomato-Round were found susceptible, while cultivar Pusa-Rohini was found moderately susceptible. Only one cultivar viz., T9, was found moderately resistant.

Background Prehypertension is a state of above-normal blood pressure that does not meet the criteria for the diagnosis of hypertension and its prevalence estimated in population-based samples ranges from 22 to 52%. It conveys potentially many deleterious consequences such as high risk of progression to hypertension and cardiovascular disease later in life. Objectives The present study was conducted to evaluate the blood pressure-lowering effect of Khār-i-khasak (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) in prehypertensive individuals. Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was conducted at the National Institute of Unani Medicine, Hospital, Bengaluru, after approval by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Prehypertensive individuals over 18 years of age were enrolled after obtaining their written informed consent and were randomly allocated to the test or placebo group. The test and placebo groups were administered powdered dried fruits of Khār-i-khasak (6g) and matched placebo (6g) in three divided doses for two months respectively. The efficacy assessment was determined by changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Results Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a significant decline in the test group (p Conclusions The test drug Khār-i-khasak (T. terrestris Linn.) was found to be effective and safe in lowering blood pressure compared to placebo in prehypertensive individuals.

Induced resistance techniques for plant disease management are one of the robust and constructive approaches against plant pests. The present study conducted to trigger the plant-mediated resistance in tomato cv. “K-21” against Meloidogyne incognita by the involvement of dl-β aminobutyric acid (BABA) under salt stress conditions. Results indicate that seedlings elicitors (dl-β aminobutyric acid) strongly suppressed multiplication of nematode population. At the same time, we could not observe this effect in an inoculated control. Additionally, treated tomato roots with BABA and BABA, coupled with NaCl, showed significant improvement in growth parameters and phenolic compounds. Application of BABA (1.21 mM) + NaCl (100 mM) in combination significantly reduced the root-knot index by 48%. Whereas the same combination significantly improved the phenolic compounds and dry weight content up to 75% and 64% respectively. The minute amount of BABA, in combination with salt stress, resulted in greater efficacy as compared to the higher quantity of BABA (2.42 mM) that might be the cause of synergistic interaction. However, the lowest % increase in phenolic compounds by 60% and decrease of the root-knot index by 40% as we observed in the highest dose of BABA (4.84 mM). Findings of our study suggest that the application of BABA alone and in combination with salt is a promising tactic to inflate the tomato resistance against M. incognita that might be associated with the enhanced defence response in tomato. Moreover, the stress modulation reaction of BABA under salt stress would be linked with resistance in plants.

Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) is one of most damaging pathogen of vegetables, including carrot (Daucus carota L.). We evaluated nematicidal potential of chitosan in c...

This investigation presents a novel finding showing the effect of culture filtrates (CFs) of macrofungi

Meloidogyne incognita is one of the prime restricting factors of yield in crops. Approaches to diminish the populations are consistently raised, and the application of elicitors as resistance inducers is an option for managing the disease. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the potential of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a chemical activator, as a soil drench to induce resistance against M. incognita infestation with and without salt stress. Results demonstrated that alone and under salt stress, ASM was able to reduce root-knot nematode population in tomato. The applied treatments significantly reduced the root-knot nematode reproduction, increased growth and phenolic compounds in the plants. Treatment of ASM (0.254 mM) with NaCl (100 mM), significantly reduced the root-knot index by 58.0% compared to untreated control. The same combination significantly enhanced the phenolic compounds and dry matter up to 60.6% and 59.0%, respectively, compared to inoculated control. However, the application of the highest concentration of ASM (1.019 mM) alone was the most potent in reducing the eggmasses and root-knot index by 74.4% and 68.0% respectively compared to inoculated control. Additionally, the lowest increase (23.0%) of phenol was observed in ASM (0.509 mM). NaCl alone also reduced the root-knot index by 32.0% and increased phenol accumulation by 47.5%. Moreover, lower concentration of ASM (0.254 mM) in combination with salt stress (NaCl 100 mM) showed significantly higher efficacy. The study revealed that application of ASM through stress modulation effect can activate the inherent M. incognita resistance in tomato, which could contribute substantially in sustainable management of nematode infestation.

This review deals with the mechanism of antagonistic action of bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents such as the production of antibiotics, siderophores, enzyme secretion, competition for nutritio...

Aim/background To assess the effectiveness of mobile SMS as a tool for behavior and life style modification in management of diabetes. Methods This interventional study was conducted from July 2014 to April 2015 at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE). Demographical and clinical information of subjects (patients and relatives) along with their knowledge and beliefs regarding diabetes was recorded using questionnaire. In Short Message Service (SMS) and non-SMS groups, education regarding diabetes was given. Two messages per day were sent to SMS group for two months. Results Total 648 subjects, SMS (n = 376) and non-SMS (n = 276) groups, were included in study. Mean age of patients and relatives was 45.41 ± 15.13 and 34.58 ± 11.91 in SMS group, while 47.06 ± 14.83 and 31.02 ± 11.51 in non-SMS group, respectively. No significant difference regarding level of knowledge and beliefs among both groups was observed at baseline. After SMS intervention, level of knowledge (p ≤ 0.0001) and beliefs (p ≤ 0.0001) were found to be significantly higher in SMS groups Non-SMS group. Conclusion Mobile SMS are an effective tool to deliver behavior and lifestyle modification advice and support for better management of diabetes and its prevention in people who are at high risk. Education intervention through SMS is found to be an important variable which enhances the knowledge and beliefs of the subjects.

Soil amendment with biochar is widely used to improve soil fertility and crop productivity. However, its effect on plant nematodes has not been examined properly. The present study investigates the effects of biochar on root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita under in planta conditions. In pots experiment, biochar (45 g) when paired with oil cakes (15 g) suppressed the M. incognita and improved the plant growth of tested plant. Significant suppression in nematode infestation in terms of egg masses and eggs by (56.0 and 52.7%) and maximum improvement in plant growth in plant length and dry weight by 74.1 and 63.8%, respectively was observed when combined soil application of biochar and mustard cake was applied in the soil. The effect was least when biochar was applied alone. The study has suggested that biochar amendment along with mustard oil cake can control root knot nematode infestation in lentil.

Protein S-palmitoylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) in blood stages of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. S-palmitoylation refers to reversible covalent modific...

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders characterized by chronic recurrent abdominal pain related to a change in bowel habit or defecation frequency and commonly accompanied by anxiety and depression affecting about 10% population globally. Jawarish Shahi (JS) is a special dosage form prepared for gastrointestinal disorders in Unani medicine containingThis single-arm open-labeled clinical trial was conducted on 26 male and female patients of IBS according to Rome IV criteria, aged 18-50 years with moderate symptoms. JS was given 7 g orally twice a day after meal with water for 45 days. IBS Severity Scoring Scale (IBS-SSS) was used for efficacy outcomes and the difference was analyzed from baseline to the subsequent follow-ups.Data analysis of subsequent followup showed a significant decrease in IBS-SSS scores except for 2nd followup, scores decreased from 229.50 ± 75.91 to 203.12 ± 71.71 (p 0.1018), 150.61 ± 55.32 (p 0.0001), and 123.76 ± 54.81 (p 0.0001) at 0, 15th, 30th, 45th day of follow up respectively.The present study revealed that JS is safe and effective in reducing the overall symptoms of IBS in respect to its severity and impact on quality of life and can be used as an alternate as well as a complementary treatment in IBS.

The key pathways for synthesizing nanoparticles are physical and chemical, usually expensive and possibly hazardous to the environment. In the recent past, the evaluation of green chemistry or biological techniques for synthesizing metal nanoparticles from plant extracts has drawn the attention of many researchers. The literature on the green production of nanoparticles using various metals (i.e., gold, silver, zinc, titanium and palladium) and plant extracts is discussed in this study. The generalized mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis involves reduction, stabilization, nucleation, aggregation and capping, followed by characterization. During biosynthesis, major difficulties often faced in maintaining the structure, size and yield of particles can be solved by monitoring the development parameters such as temperature, pH and reaction period. To establish a widely accepted approach, researchers must first explore the actual process underlying the plant-assisted synthesis of a metal nanoparticle and its action on others. The green synthesis of NPs is gaining attention owing to its facilitation of the development of alternative, sustainable, safer, less toxic and environment-friendly approaches. Thus, green nanotechnology using plant extract opens up new possibilities for the synthesis of novel nanoparticles with the desirable characteristics required for developing biosensors, biomedicine, cosmetics and nano-biotechnology, and in electrochemical, catalytic, antibacterial, electronics, sensing and other applications.

The present study aimed to assess the impacts of land cover on groundwater quality by integrating physico-chemical data and satellite imageries. Initially, fourteen groundwater parameters of both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon were collected from nineteen sampled stations and water quality index (WQI) was calculated. Consequently, Google earth, Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2A imageries were considered for land cover mapping including the concentration of settlement and urban built-up, greenery coverage, and micro-level land use. Two machine learning models such as artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) were used for pixel-based classification and establish spatial relation between water quality and land cover. This study trained and tested the models for the whole study area as well as 500m buffers from each sampled station. The result of model’s validation including mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), Kappa statistic (K), Overall accuracy of model (OAC), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC), indicated that random forest classifier has better performance than the artificial neural network. The results show that the testing dataset of pre-monsoon season has higher accuracy with MAE 0.343, RMSE 0.397, K-value 0.55, and ROC value 0.838 to envisage the impact of land cover on groundwater quality in comparison to post-monsoon season. The results also reveal that the classification accuracy is greater within 500m buffer areas in comparison to the whole study area with a close to 0 value of MAE and RMSE, and absolutely 1 value of K and ROC. Based on the above findings, the present study suggested to consider a large scale for determining the controlling factors of groundwater degradation.

This study focused, for the first time, on the effect of ultrasonic features on the extraction efficiency of secondary metabolites in mustard seed cake (MSC). The nematostatic potential of sonicated seed cake was examined against the second-stage juveniles (J2s) of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. The results show that a 35 ppm (parts per million) concentration of a sonicated extract (SE) sample of MSC caused 65% J2s mortality at 18 h exposure period in vitro. It also significantly suppressed the root-knot index (RKI=0.94) in tomato roots. The lethal concentration values for SE were 51.76, 29.79, and 13.34 ppm, respectively, at 6, 12, and 18 h of the exposure period, and the lethal concentration values for the non-sonicated extract (NSE) sample were 116.95, 76.38, and 55.59 ppm, respectively, at similar exposure time. Sinapine and gluconapin were identified as the major compounds in ultrasonic-assisted MSC. Because of the high extraction efficiency of metabolites in the SE, all treatments of SE were shown to be antagonistic to J2s. Thus, this study of ultrasonication activity-based profiling of MSC may help generate target-based compounds at a scale relevant to the control of disease caused by nematodes in economic crops.

This study was conducted on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. K-21) to investigate the bioprotective nature of Pseudomonas fluorescens and its interactive effects with Meloidogyne incognita in terms of growth biomarkers, changes in biochemical attributes and modulation in antioxidant enzymes of the tomato plant. In this study, we grew tomato plants with M. incognita and P. fluorescens in separate pots, simultaneously and sequentially (15 days prior or post) after 15 days of seed sowing. The sequential inoculation of Mi15→Pf maximally increased the root-knot index and decreased the nematode population. It was also noted that inoculation suppressed the plant growth biomarkers in comparison to control. However, maximum suppression in nematode reproduction and increment in growth and physiological attributes were observed when P. fluorescens was applied 15 days prior to the nematode (Pf15→Mi) as compared to control. All the treatments showed an increase in antioxidant enzymes. Expression of phenol content and defensive enzymes such as peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased, in contrast to a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents when compared with the untreated inoculated plants. However, the highest levels of POX and SOD, and a lowest of phenol, MDA and H2O2 were displayed in the treatment Pf15→Mi, followed by Mi+Pf and Mi15→Pf.

Palmitoylation refers to the modification of the cysteine thiols in proteins by fatty acids, most commonly palmitic acid, through 'thioester bond' formation. In vivo, palmitoylation of proteins is catalyzed by palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs or DHHC-PATs). Palmitoylation has recently emerged as a crucial post-translational modification in malarial parasites. The expression and activity of palmitoyl transferases vary across different developmental stages of the malarial parasite's life cycle. The abundance of palmitoylated proteins at a given stage is a measure of overall PAT activity. The PAT activity can also change in response to external signals or inhibitors. Here, we describe a protocol to 'image' palmitoyl-transferase activity during the asexual stages using Click Chemistry and fluorescence microscopy. This method is based on metabolic labeling of a clickable analog of palmitic acid by parasitic cells, followed by CuAAC (Copper-catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition reaction) Click Chemistry to render palmitoylated proteins fluorescent. Fluorescence allows the quantitation of intracellular palmitoylation in parasite cells across various development stages. Using this method, we observed that intracellular palmitoylation increases as the parasite transitions from ring to schizont stages and appears to be most abundant during the schizont stages in Plasmodium falciparum.

Prehypertension is a state of above-normal blood pressure that does not meet the criteria for the diagnosis of hypertension and its prevalence estimated in population-based samples ranges from 22 to 52%. It conveys potentially many deleterious consequences such as high risk of progression to hypertension and cardiovascular disease later in life.The present study was conducted to evaluate the blood pressure-lowering effect of Khār-i-khasak (This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was conducted at the National Institute of Unani Medicine, Hospital, Bengaluru, after approval by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Prehypertensive individuals over 18 years of age were enrolled after obtaining their written informed consent and were randomly allocated to the test or placebo group. The test and placebo groups were administered powdered dried fruits of Khār-i-khasak (6g) and matched placebo (6g) in three divided doses for two months respectively. The efficacy assessment was determined by changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures.Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a significant decline in the test group (p0.001) as compared to the placebo group. The average decline in systolic/diastolic blood pressure was -7.7/5.5 mmHg in the test group and -1.9/0.2 mmHg in the placebo group. During the post-therapy follow-up period, no prehypertensive developed full-blown hypertension in either group. Safety parameters were found to be within normal limits.The test drug Khār-i-khasak (

Palmitoylation refers to the modification of the cysteine thiols in proteins by fatty acids, most commonly palmitic acid, through ‘thioester bond’ formation. In vivo, palmitoylation of proteins is catalyzed by palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs or DHHC-PATs). Palmitoylation has recently emerged as a crucial post-translational modification in malarial parasites. The expression and activity of palmitoyl transferases vary across different developmental stages of the malarial parasite’s life cycle. The abundance of palmitoylated proteins at a given stage is a measure of overall PAT activity. The PAT activity can also change in response to external signals or inhibitors. Here, we describe a protocol to ‘image’ palmitoyl-transferase activity during the asexual stages using Click Chemistry and fluorescence microscopy. This method is based on metabolic labeling of a clickable analog of palmitic acid by parasitic cells, followed by CuAAC (Copper-catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition reaction) Click Chemistry to render palmitoylated proteins fluorescent. Fluorescence allows the quantitation of intracellular palmitoylation in parasite cells across various development stages. Using this method, we observed that intracellular palmitoylation increases as the parasite transitions from ring to schizont stages and appears to be most abundant during the schizont stages in Plasmodium falciparum.

Protein S-palmitoylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) in blood stages of the malaria parasite

To evaluate the 13 carrot cultivars against Meloidogyne incognita under green house conditions; different levels of susceptibility were observed in all the examined cultivars. Cultivar Golden Rosy was resistant to nematode attack with a low root gall index (1.2) while cultivar Kamini was found highly susceptible showing the highest root gall index (5.0). Similarly, the cultivars Rose Red, Noorie, Lali, Sindhuri, and Selection 80 were susceptible; the cultivars Pearl Red, Super Red, Surbhi, and Kamboj were moderately susceptible and the cultivars Desi Red and Red King were found moderately resistant against the nematode damage. A negative and significant correlation was found between root-knot nematode infestation and plant growth parameters.

In this study effort was made to manage the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita by the utilization of selected plants such as Coccinia grandis, Commelina benghalensis, Leucas cephalotes, Phyllanthus amarus and Trianthema portulacastrum. During the in vitro experiment, the second juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita directly treated with aqueous extracts of the plant leaves at 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm concentrations. As a result, the 5000 ppm concentration was found most toxic against the survival of second stage juveniles of M. incognita compared to other concentrations. Maximum mortality of 91% was observed in 5000 ppm extract of P. amarus after 72 h of exposure with LC50 value 2084.49 ppm while minimum mortality of 6.2% was found in 1000 ppm extract of T. portulacastrum after 24 h with LC50 value 9484.18 ppm. The percent mortality of juveniles calculated the LC50 values of all the treatments after 24, 48 and 72 h. Similarly, the in vitro tests showed a gradual decrease in the rate of egg hatching of M. incognita with the increasing concentrations of aqueous leaves extracts of plants, i.e., 1000 ppm to 5000 ppm and exposure period. Maximum inhibition in egg hatching was found at 5000 ppm (86.5%) after seven days in the extract of P. amarus while least was observed in T. portulacastrum at 1000 ppm (10.6%). The findings indicate that the plant extracts were found lethal to J2s and also inhibit egg hatching. In pots under greenhouse conditions, the plants treated with both the doses (50 and 100 g/pot) of fresh chopped leaves of the selected botanicals significantly experienced the reduced infestations in relation to root gall index, egg masses/root system and nematode population/250 g soil. The P. amarus treated at 100 gm / pot showed highest nematicidal efficacy with the maximum reductions in all the pathological parameters as compared to the untreated uninoculated control simultaneously resulted in maximum increase of growth and physiological parameters of carrot such as shoot and root lengths, shoot and root fresh weights, shoot and root dry weights, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and nitrate reductase activity (NRA). The information derived from this study suggests that the leaves of P. amarus plant can be used for the management of M. incognita and could be a possible replacement for synthetic nematicides. Keywords: Aqueous extract, Chopped leaves, Egg hatching, Mortality, LC50M.incognita

Fresh leaves of Calotropis procera , Wedelia chinensis , Lantana camara, Jatropha pandurifolia, Parthenium hysterophorus and Nerium indicum were evaluated for their hatching and mortality of Meloidogyne incognita. After that tested plants were used as an organic amendment for the management of M. incognita affecting Tomato. Four concentrations S, S/10, S/100 and S/1000 of leaf extracts of tested plants were prepared. All the plant extracts showed varied and significant results over control. The “S” concentration of leaf extracts of C. procera, P. hysterophorus, L. camara and W. chinensis exhibited 100% mortality over J. Pandurifolia, N. indicum after 48 h exposure period. Similarly, larval hatching was completely inhibited by “S” concentration of extracts of tested plants except for N. indicum after five days of the exposure period. Increased dilution showed a direct effect on hatching but a contrary effect on mortality. The juvenile mortality increased with increase in exposure period. In pot condition, soil amended with chopped leaves of tested plants 50 g and100 g alone and in combination with 50 g leaves plus carbofuran significantly enhanced the plant growth and decreased host infestation caused by M. incognita over control. Among treatments, C. procera leaves plus carbofuran were found to be the best in increasing plant growth and chlorophyll content.

The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum proliferates in red blood cells following repeated cycles of invasion, multiplication, and egress. P. falciparum serine repeat antigen 5 (PfSERA5), a putative serine protease, plays an important role in merozoite egress. However, regulation of its activity leading to merozoite egress is poorly understood. In this study, we show that PfSERA5 undergoes phosphorylation prior to merozoite egress. Immunoprecipitation of parasite lysates using anti-PfSERA5 serum followed by MS analysis identified calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (PfCDPK1) as an interacting kinase. Association of PfSERA5 with PfCDPK1 was corroborated by co-sedimentation, co-immunoprecipitation, and co-immunolocalization analyses. Interestingly, PfCDPK1 phosphorylated PfSERA5 in vitro in the presence of Ca2+ and enhanced its proteolytic activity. A PfCDPK1 inhibitor, purfalcamine, blocked the phosphorylation and activation of PfSERA5 both in vitroas well as in schizonts, which, in turn, blocked merozoite egress. Together, these results suggest that phosphorylation of PfSERA5 by PfCDPK1 following a rise in cytosolic Ca2+ levels activates its proteolytic activity to trigger merozoite egress.

Background and Objective : Qarahe Hazmiya (Peptic ulcer disease) is one of the commonest ailment of Gastro intestinal tract, reported to affect around 4% of the population and 10% of people developed it at some point in their life. Etiopathology of the disease is considered as multi factorial mostly treated with medications and rarely with surgery. Several Unani formulation have been indicated effective in Qarahe Hazmiya, one of such formulation has been selected to evaluate its efficacy and to validate the same on scientific parameters Methods : This study was conducted as a single blind, randomized standard control clinical trial on 28 patients (n=20) in test and (n=8) control groups. Test group received Ayarij Faiqura 5gm and control group received Pantoprazole 40 mg, orally in empty stomach for 45 days. The study outcome was assessed as the difference in pre and post treatment through subjective and objective parameters. Result: The test drugs revealed statistically significant improvement in burning sensation in abdomen (p

Summary The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is a major soil parasite of lentil crops. Increasing restrictions of chemical nematicides have triggered a growing attention and interest in alternate root-knot nematode management. The present study was conducted to examine the level of resistance and/or susceptibility of five lentil cultivars (PL-456, KLS-218, Desi, DPL-62, Malika), grown in pots, against the root-knot nematode M. incognita. Root-knot nematode reproduction and host damage were assessed by recording the nematode infestation levels and reduction percentage of plant growth parameters. Nematode response and plant growth differentiated amongst the lentil cultivars. None of the cultivars was found immune or highly resistant. The cultivar Malika was found moderately resistant as it showed the lowest number of galls and egg masses/root as well as the lowest reduction of plant fresh weight (10.4%) and dry weight (6.9%). On the other hand, the cultivar Desi manifested the highest susceptibility exhibiting the highest number of galls and egg masses. There was a significantly negative correlation between the number of galls and plant growth parameters (plant fresh and dry weight and plant height).

Plants are the one of the glorious and fascinating source of natural biopesticides. The present investigation was carried out for pytochemical analysis and to assess the nematicidal and nematostatic potential of aqueous extract of some plant parts viz., Ageratum conyzoides and Coccinia grandis against hatching and nematicidal behavior of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in vitro conditions. The second stage juveniles (J2) were exposed at 24, 48 and 72 hours in different concentration (S, S/2, S/10, and S/100) of plant extracts. During in vitro condition inhibition of egg hatchability and J2 juveniles’ mortality varied according to the concentration of plant extract. The extract of Ageratum conyzoides leaves and stem exhibited highly promising mortality (98-100%) after 72 hours of exposure periods while the plant extract of C. grandis leaves and fruit showed minimum mortality (56-60%) after 24 hours of exposure periods. There was a gradual decrease in egghatching with an increase in the concentration of aqueous extract of plants. A. conyzoides leaves and stem extract elucidating most effectiveness in reducing egghatching and increase in mortality of J2 juveniles of M. incognita. Concentration of the extract was directly proportional to the mortality of second stage juveniles and inversely proportional to the egghatching. Phytochemical analysis in various solvent of different polarity such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform, petroleum and water marked the impressive outcome of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, protein, amines, glycosides, carbohydrate, steroids, mucilage, gums, terpenoids and phlobatannins in the plant extracts. The aqueous extract of Ageratum conyzoides showed maximum egg inhibition and J2 juvenile mortality due to the presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloid, tannins, phenol, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrate, protein, mucilage/gum and phlobatannins while Coccinia grandis showed minimum egg inhibition and juvenile mortality.