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Allium wallichii (A. wallichii) Kunth, is an underutilized rare medicinal plant species with several beneficial ethnomedicinal health promotion activity Moreover, being so popular in both ethanobotanicals and traditional herbal system, still the plant is very less studied for phytochemical and nutritional composition analysis. Therefore, phytochemical and nutritional composition analysis of A. wallichii leaves are set as the main objective of the current work. In this context powder of A. wallichii leaves was subjected for the nutritional analysis and the extract was subjected to thin layer chromatography analysis for fingerprinting of various compounds. In this context, we have found presence of several health promoting nutraceutical bioactives and phytochemicals compounds. In conclusion the traditional utilization of plant in ethnomedicine for nutraceutical and medicinal purpose was attributed due to presence of nutraceutical bioactives and phytochemicals compounds.

Objective: Insulin resistance is a common link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia. The current work emphasizes the effect of linagliptin on dementia with its neuroprotective effects, which occur directly at the neuronal level, as GLP-1 receptors are exclusively expressed in neurons. background: Insulin resistance is common cause of two commonly occurring diseases i.e. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia. Method: The objective of the study was to formulate linagliptin-loaded polymeric nanosuspension (LS) by nanoprecipitation method and further study their pharmaceutical, pharmacodynamics, scintigraphic, and neuroprotective effects following nose-to-brain delivery in the rat model of dementia. objective: The current work emphasizes the effect of linagliptin against dementia with its neuroprotective effects, which occurs directly at the neuronal levels as GLP-1 receptors are exclusively expressed in neurons. Results: Developed LS were spherical with z-average (250.7 nm), charge (-16.3 mV), % entrapment efficiency (95.8 ± 1.45 %), and % drug loading (35.78 ± 0.19 %). In-Vitro dissolution rate (88.56 ± 1.24 %) and ex vivo permeation (81.59 ± 1.06 %) of LS showed a better-sustained release profile than pure linagliptin. The spatial learning/memory in the treated group of Sprague–Dawley rats were significantly improved compared with those in the control group. method: The objective of the study was to formulate Linagliptin loaded polymeric nanosuspension (LS) by nanoprecipitation method and further studied their pharmaceutical, pharmacodynamics, scintigraphic and neuroprotective effects following nose-to-brain delivery in the rat model of dementia. Conclusion: Histopathological study of LS produced no toxicity or structural damage to the nasal mucosa. Optimum pharmaceutical characterization results improved pharmacodynamic studies/ histopathological data, and gamma-scintigraphic images proved that polymeric nanosuspensions stand out as well-appreciated approaches to deliver linagliptin more efficiently to the brain via intranasal route, thereby enhancing the neuroprotective efficacy in dementia. result: Developed LS were spherical with z-average (250.7 nm), charge (-16.3 mV), % entrapment efficiency (95.8 ± 1.45 %), and % drug loading (35.78 ± 0.19 %). In-Vitro dissolution rate (88.56 ± 1.24 %) and ex-vivo permeation (81.59 ± 1.06 %) of LS showed a better-sustained release profile than pure linagliptin. The spatial learning/memory of rats in the treated group significantly improved compared with those in the control group. Histopathological study of LS produced no toxicity or structural damage to nasal mucosa. . conclusion: Optimum pharmaceutical characterization results, improved pharmacodynamic studies/ histopathological data and gamma-scintigraphic images proved that polymeric nanosuspension stand out as well appreciated approach to deliver linagliptin more efficiently to the brain via intranasal route, thereby enhancing neuroprotective efficacy in dementia

Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is a posterior eye disorder in which damage occurs to the light sensitive retina due to diabetes mellitus. This disorder specifically affects people aged between 18-64 with type ІІ diabetes. This disease progresses through different pathophysiological pathways, which include oxidative stress, inflammation, stimulation of the growth factor in the eye’s vasculature, isoforms of protein kinase C, and also the activation of the hexosamine pathway. It starts as micro aneurysms and advances in complicated stage, which results in retinal detachment. Treatment of posterior eye diseases has complications due to the structural design of the eye and physiological barriers present. The current treatment approach involves the use of intravitreal anti- VEGFs, corticosteroids implants, laser and surgery; these treatment methods have drawbacks attributed to them despite their benefits. The development of a robust delivery system with minimal or no invasion to tackle the issues of diabetic retinopathy will be of considerable benefit to patients having diabetic retinopathy; the dependency on ophthalmologists for multiple injections will significantly reduce and provide a promising approach in drug delivery. In this review article, the authors provided information related to existing treatment methods available for diabetic retinopathy, the most significant among which is nanotechnology approach through which local delivery via the ocular route to posterior eye can be achieved. It also possesses the various carriers studied for the non-invasive approach for retinal delivery of medicaments. Non-invasive approach for delivery of drugs can be considered as potential for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract: Cardiac circadian rhythms are an important regulator of body functions, including cardiac activities and blood pressure. Disturbance of circadian rhythm is known to trigger and aggravate various cardiovascular diseases. Thus, modulating the circadian rhythm can be used as a therapeutic approach to cardiovascular diseases. Through this work, we intend to discuss the current understanding of cardiac circadian rhythms, in terms of quantifiable parameters like BP and HR. We also elaborate on the molecular regulators and the molecular cascades along with their specific genetic aspects involved in modulating circadian rhythms, with specific reference to cardiovascular health and cardiovascular diseases. Along with this, we also presented the latest pharmacogenomic and metabolomics markers involved in chronobiological control of the cardiovascular system along with their possible utility in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Finally, we reviewed the current expert opinions on chronotherapeutic approaches for utilizing the conventional as well as the new pharmacological molecules for antihypertensive chronotherapy.

Background Diabetes represents an important public health challenge in India and globally. It affects the quality of life and is one of the leading causes of death and disability. The burden on global health is huge, and about 463 million adults are currently living with diabetes. 77 million people in India in the age group of 20–79 years are affected by this pandemic, and the total cost of health expenditure is 8 billion US dollars. This is a huge burden and a great economic cost on public health. The research aims to explore the concept of diabetes self-management and major research questions would comprise asking what affects self-management in people with diabetes and how m-health applications and interventions can impact the self-management behaviors in development and the utility of the m-health apps in self-management of people with diabetes. Therefore, this research protocol is of great significance and would bring an integrative approach to self-care management. This study protocol was developed on the m-health application and testing nutrition informatics intervention for self-care management of type 2 diabetes at home. Objective To design, develop, and assess the impact of an m-health-enabled nutrition informatics intervention for home-based type 2 diabetes self-management in an Indian setting. Methods The study is divided into three phases, in the first phase a systematic literature review of global and Indian literature using Scoping review method using PRISMA- SCR tool to report on various m-health interventions on Self-care management regimes on type 2 diabetes and Nutrition informatics will evaluate the effectiveness and utility of m-health application developed on Selfcare management with nutrition informatics will be reported. In the second phase m-health application on Selfcare management and nutrition informatics regime will be made and in the third phase of the study evaluation of the m-health application will be done using System Usability Scale (SUS) usability and mixed research evaluation with end-users using Diabetes based management system (DBMS)questionnaire. A mixed research study will be conducted between June 2022 and March 2023. A sample of approximately 250 individuals will be recruited and enrolled using a non-probability complete enumeration sampling method from selected urban settings in Delhi. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for males and females aged 20–79 years old with Type 2 diabetes and access to a smartphone. Data will be collected using globally tested tools like the Diabetes Based Management System (DBMS) questionnaires. The collected data will be used to assess the use and utility of the mobile health application developed. The qualitative study using IDIs and FGD will be done to understand knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs regarding diabetes self-care management. Qualitative methods will be focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) in the study. Lastly, the study questionnaire system usability survey, a global tested tool (SUS), will be used to assess the usability of mobile applications for self-care management of diabetes. Therefore, this study involves three phases, phase 1 will be scoping review using the PRISMA reporting, phase 2 is a human-centered design (HCD) of m-health informatics application for type 2 diabetes and phase 3 will be the evaluation of the designed application using globally tested tool System usability scale (SUS). Results A sample of 250 individuals will go through a pretested DBMS questionnaire. The data collection will be initiated in June 2022, and the initial results are planned for publication by July 2023. Out of n = 250 individuals, at least 120 individuals will be retained in the study. A qualitative study using descriptive analysis of the gathered data will be performed using SPSS V11, and reporting of the results will be done at 95% CIs and P = .0.05. A qualitative study will be exploratory sequential and the first exploratory study using IDIs and FGDs will be done followed by a quantitative method this exploratory sequential study will draw inference from the mixed study. Conclusions The findings of the study using scoping review would inform the elements essential for the development of m-health to improve self-care management of diabetes at home settings in India and its wider application in the global framework. The m-health application will be designed on m-health nutrition informatics. The usefulness and acceptance of the proposed m-health intervention will be evaluated using the globally tested tool System Usability Scale (SUS) for evaluation.

Objectives: To do scoping review on the global evidence on m-health interventions and determine the effectiveness of mobile based self-management interventions on type 2 diabetes mellitus Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus research data base were examined. Studies globally published in English from 2010 to 2020 and studies done on Type 2 diabetes and including age groups 18-75 years are included. The studies included intervention such as Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mobile based self-management for type 2 diabetes patients and charting and analysis of outcomes at patient level. The reviewer screened the studies, and it was consequently reviewed by a second reviewer independently. The data was extracted, charted and quality of the studies was assessed. The scoping study methodology using operational framework of Arksey, and O’Malley is used to present study outcomes and 27 pointers PRISMA-SCR checklist is used to present this paperResults: A total of 40 articles, consisting of RCT based interventions studies with 3800 plus participants, were included in the assessment. 40 original research articles were selected for inclusion. The selected studies largely focused on the self-management of type 2 diabetes (N = 40), hypertension (N = 2). Various interventions involved the use of mobile SMS (N = 17) or mobile on phone (N = 12), the content on session education with use of mobile (N = 10) or the placement of devices mobile (N = 4). The interventions were generally effective and often led to improved glycemic control and better health indicators.Conclusions: Mobile based self-management interventions seem to have positive effects on self-care and management and significant outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes. Overall progress in physiologic indicators, selfcare and improvement in quality of patient life with Type 2 Diabetes. Though, the studies emphasized results in small populations, with little indication of future scaling of the intervention. Moreover, the results indicate a need for further research into the self-management which includes nutrition informatics in self-care management regime, and it needs to focus on region wise availability of informatics on nutrition. This will also help in co-management of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Self-management appears to be an effective means of improving health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and therefore mobile led selfcare management interventions with nutritional informatics can be advantageous.

BACKGROUND Pregnant women are considered to be a “high risk” group with limited access to health facilities in urban slums. Barriers to utilization of health services may lead to maternal and child mortality, morbidity, low birth weight, and children with stunted growth. Application of artificial intelligence (AI) can provide substantial improvements in all areas of healthcare from diagnostics to treatment. There have been several technological advances within the field of AI, however, AI not merely driven by what is technically feasible, but by what is humanly desirable is the need of the hour. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study is to develop and evaluate the AI guided citizen centric platform to enhance the uptake of maternal health services (antenatal care) amongst the pregnant women living in urban slum settings. METHODS A cross-sectional mixed method approach employed to collect data among pregnant women, aged 18-44 years, living in urban slums of South Delhi. A convenience sampling used to recruit 225 participants at the Anganwadi centres (AWC) after obtaining consent from the eligible participants. Inclusion criteria includes pregnant individuals residing in urban slums for more than 3 months, having smartphones, visiting AWC for seeking antenatal care. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected electronically using Open Data Kit (ODK) based opensource tool from eligible participants. Data will be collected on clinical as well as socio-demographic parameters (based on existing literature). We aim to develop an innovative AI guided citizen centric decision support platform to effectively manage pregnancy and its outcomes among urban poor populations. The proposed research will help policymakers to prioritize resource planning, resource allocation and development of programs and policies to enhance maternal health outcomes. RESULTS The AI guided citizen centric decision support platform will be designed, developed, implemented and evaluated using principles of human centred design and findings of the study will be reported to diverse stakeholders. The tested and revised platform will be deployed for use across various stakeholders such as pregnant women, healthcare professionals, frontline workers, and policymakers. CONCLUSIONS With the understanding, use and adoption of emerging and innovative technologies such as AI, maternal health informatics can be at the forefront to help pregnant women in crisis. The proposed platform will potentially be scaled up to different geographic locations for adoption for similar and other health conditions.

BACKGROUND Diabetes represents an important public health challenge in India and Globally. It affects quality of life and is one of the leading causes of death and disability. The burden on global health is huge and about 463 million adults are currently living with diabetes. 77 million people in India in the age group of 20-79 years are affected by this pandemic and total cost to health expenditure is 8 billion US dollars, therefore huge burden, and great economic cost on Public health. The self-management of diabetes, the research priorities include exploring the concept of diabetes self-management and major research questions would comprise of asking what affects self-management in persons with diabetes and how do m-health application and interventions can impact on the self-management behaviors in development, utility of the m-health app in self-management of person with diabetes. Therefore, this project research is of great significance and would bring an integrative approach on self-care management OBJECTIVE To design, develop and evaluate the impact of m-health enabled nutrition informatics intervention for home based self-management of type 2 diabetes in an Indian setting. METHODS A mixed research study will be conducted between January 2022 and January 2023. A sample of approximately 250 individuals will be recruited and enrolled using a nonprobability complete enumeration sampling method from selected urban settings of Delhi inclusion and exclusion criteria with age20-79 years male and female with Type 2 diabetes and have access to Smart phone Data will be collected using which questionnaires. The collected data will be used to assess use and utility of mobile health application developed. The knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs regarding Diabetes self-care management. Lastly, the study questionnaire system usability survey(SUS) will be used to assess the usability of mobile applications on selfcare management of Diabetes RESULTS A pilot of 250 individuals has been conducted to pretest the DBMS questionnaire. The data collection will be initiated from January 2022, and the initial results are planned for publication by October 2022.Descriptive analysis of the gathered data will be performed using SPSS V11, and reporting of the results will be done at 95% CIs and P=.0.05. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study would inform the elements essential for the development of m-health intervention to improve self-care management of diabetes at home settings. The usefulness and acceptance of the proposed intervention will be conducted. CLINICALTRIAL DITU/UREC/2021/07/10

In the present study we have designed a new pharmacophore ‘Chalconesemicarbazone’ by pharmacophore hybridization approach of drug design. A series of novel chalconesemicarbazones was synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant activity by reducing power assay. Most of the compounds were found to be potent antioxidants. Free radicals play an important role in various pathological and xenotoxic effects so antioxidant may have protective role in these pathological conditions. Based on the results of reducing power assay 1-[1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)allylidene]-4-(4-methylphenyl)semicarbazide (compound 18 ) and 1-[1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(6-hydroxyphenyl)allylidene]-4-(4-methylphenyl)semicarbazide (compound 21 ) were the most active lead compounds. It was found that methoxy and hydroxyl substituted chalconesemicarbazones exhibited potent reducing power and unsubstituted compound showed less reducing potential.

The aim of this study was to determine the anti-psoriatic activity of newly formulated oil in water (O/W) creams of methanol extract of Cassia tora L. leaves using Mouse tail model. The plant C. tora has been traditionally used in the treatment of number of skin diseases. However, there is no established scientific evidence reported for its anti- psoriatic activity. Methanol extract of C. tora leaves was prepared as various concentrations of O/W creams and tested for acute dermal toxicity study. The different O/W creams showed good physical characteristics and pass the sensitivity, irri- tation, grittiness and bleeding test. The results of acute dermal toxicity study showed that the creams were safe up to the dose of 2,000 mg/kg. In the case of Mouse tail model, histopathological analysis revealed that there were absence of Munro micro abscess, elongation of rete ridges and capillary loop dilation in the sections in Test 2 (0.1%) and Standard group. O/W creams and methanol extract of C. tora leaves exhibited significant reduction in percentage relative epidermal thickness and spleen index as compared to the positive control. We concluded that topical O/W creams and crude extact containing mehthanolic extract of C. tora leaves has potent anti-psoriatic activity.

Introduction: The present study provides a scientific evaluation for the wound healing potential of extract of Jatropha curcas L. stem bark. Jatropha curcas L. or physic nut, is a bush or small tree (up to 5 m height) and belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. Methods: Excision and incision wounds were inflicted upon four groups of six rats each. Group I was assigned as control (ointment base), Group II was treated with standard silver sulfadiazine (0.01%) cream, Group III and Group IV was treated with 5% and 10% extract ointment respectively. The parameters observed were percentage of wound contraction, hydroxyproline content and tensile strength including histopathological studies. Results: It was noted that the effect produced by the extract ointment showed significant (P

We have used pharmacophore hybridization technique of drug design and designed a pharmacophore model 2-methylphenylsemicarbazone which is having hydrogen acceptor site, hydrogen donor site, lipophilic site etc using ligandscout-2.02 software. A series of 2-methylphenyl-semicarbazone was synthesized and evaluated for their antipyretic activity using boiled cow milk induced pyrexia in rabbits. Compound 11 was the most active compound. The possible metabolites of some selected synthesized chalconesemicarbazones were predicted by computational method using Pallas version-3.1 ADME-Tox prediction software. The major pathway of metabolism was found to be p-hydroxylation and amide hydrolysis.

The aim of present study was to determine the antipsoriatic activity of newly formulated O/W creams of methanolic extract of Cassia tora L. leaves by using ultraviolet-B-induced psoriasis in rat. The plant Cassia tora L. is traditionally claimed to be useful in the treatment of a number of skin diseases. However, there are no established scientific reports for its antipsoriatic activity. Methanolic Cassia tora L. leaves extract was used to prepare various concentrations of O/W creams and tested for acute dermal toxicity study. The different O/W creams showed good physical characteristics and passed the sensitivity, irritation, grittiness and bleeding test. The results of acute dermal toxicity showed that the creams were safe up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg. In case of psoriasis model, histopathological analysis revealed that there were absence of Munro's microabscess, elongation of rete ridges, and capillary loop dilation in the section in Test 2 (0.1%) and standard group. O/W creams and methanolic extract of Cassia tora L. leaves exhibited significant reduction in percentage of relative epidermal thickness and spleen index as compared to positive control. We concluded that topical O/W creams and crude extract containing methanolic extract of Cassia tora L. leaves have potent antipsoriatic activity in ultraviolet-B-induced psoriasis in rat.

Peripheral blood T lymphocytes and their subsets were determined in 30 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (15 smear positive and 15 smear negative) and 11 healthy individuals. All patients were assessed clinically, radiologically, bacteriologically and by tuberculin testing, and their lymphocyte counts were repeated after completion of 3 months chemotherapy. The mean ratio of putative helper/suppressor T cell subsets (CD4/CD8) of healthy individuals was 1.8 (range 1.1–2.5). These ratios were independent of tuberculin reactivity and were unaffected by BCG vaccination. In both smear positive and smear negative patients there was a reduction in the total T cell and CD4 counts and an increase in the CD8 count, with a concomitant reduction in the CD4/CD8 ratio. Following successful chemotherapy, the mean CD4/CD8 ratios reverted from 0.82 to 1.57 in smear positive patients and 0.88 to 1.52 in smear negative patients, these being near normal values.