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Instructional methods have an impact on the learning process and the quality of educational services aimed at accomplishing learning objectives. The purpose of this paper is to examine the most preferred instructional methods during emergency online teaching used by instructors. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 36 full-time and part-time faculty members belonging to an accredited Hispanic business school. The results showed that faculty used many different instructional methods during synchronous and asynchronous sessions. Similarly, there is a relationship between the professors’ academic areas and the instructional methods used. Based on these results, this study proposes a reference model of instructional methods for higher education based on professors’ experiences during emergency online teaching that includes five categories: group methods, active methods to contribute to the development of competencies, methods to ascertain prior knowledge, methods that promote understanding through the organization of information and methods that use digital tools. The originality of the study lies in the fact that it analyzes the migration experience from in-person to online teaching at an accredited Hispanic business institution.

Background In previous years, many multi-faceted initiatives have been set up to improve outcomes for people with chronic diseases. Evaluation studies about the (cost-)effectiveness of these integrated care programs showed heterogeneity in outcomes. Hence, it has been suggested to use realist evaluation for the evaluation of integrated care programmes. Thus, our aim was to gain insight into whether and how existing integrated care programmes work for people with cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, diabetes and multi-morbidity, and under what conditions within the Dutch healthcare setting. Methods A rapid realist review was conducted to identify the context and mechanisms that are associated with the outcomes of integrated care programmes. From a selection of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and Dutch literature, data on the context, mechanisms and outcomes of integrated care programmes were extracted. The data were analysed by placing the extracted variables in context-mechanism-outcome configurations which showed their interrelatedness. A panel of executives from Dutch care groups assessed the face validity of the context-mechanism-outcome configurations. Results Based on the existing literature, context-mechanism-outcome configurations were compiled for all five diseases. Some configurations could be filled with more detail than others, with the configuration of integrated care for people with diabetes being the most complete. Context-mechanism-outcome configurations were completed and confirmed by executives from Dutch care groups. Conclusion The configurations together with the identified factors in them reveal the underlying preliminary program theories of integrated care programmes. These theories need to be tested in further research.

Background In previous years, many multi-faceted initiatives have been set up to improve outcomes for people with chronic diseases. Evaluation studies about the (cost-)effectiveness of these integrated care programs showed heterogeneity in outcomes. Hence, it has been suggested to use realist evaluation for the evaluation of integrated care programmes. Thus, our aim was to gain insight into whether and how existing integrated care programmes work for people with cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, diabetes and multi-morbidity, and under what conditions within the Dutch healthcare setting. Methods A rapid realist review was conducted to identify the context and mechanisms that are associated with the outcomes of integrated care programmes. From a selection of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and Dutch literature, data on the context, mechanisms and outcomes of integrated care programmes were extracted. The data were analysed by placing the extracted variables in context-mechanism-outcome configurations which showed their interrelatedness. A panel of executives from Dutch care groups assessed the face validity of the context-mechanism-outcome configurations. Results Based on the existing literature, context-mechanism-outcome configurations were compiled for all five diseases. Some configurations could be filled with more detail than others, with the configuration of integrated care for people with diabetes being the most complete. Context-mechanism-outcome configurations were completed and confirmed by executives from Dutch care groups. Conclusion The configurations together with the identified factors in them reveal the underlying preliminary program theories of integrated care programmes. These theories need to be tested in further research.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of person-centered integrated care strategies for CKD is uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials to assess the effect of person-centered integrated care for CKD.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (from inception to April of 2016), and selected randomized, controlled trials of person-centered integrated care interventions with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to assess the effect of person-centered integrated care.RESULTS: We included 14 eligible studies covering 4693 participants with a mean follow-up of 12 months. In moderate quality evidence, person-centered integrated care probably had no effect on all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.68 to 1.08) or health-related quality of life (standardized mean difference, 0.02; 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.10). The effects on renal replacement therapy (RRT) (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.55), serum creatinine levels (mean difference, 0.59 mg/dl; 95% CI, -0.38 to 0.36), and eGFR (mean difference, 1.51 ml/min per 1.73 m2; 95% CI, -3.25 to 6.27) were very uncertain. Quantitative analysis suggested that person-centered integrated care interventions may reduce all-cause hospitalization (RR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.95) and improve BP control (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.44), although the certainty of the evidence was very low.CONCLUSIONS: Person-centered integrated care may have little effect on mortality or quality of life. The effects on serum creatinine, eGFR, and RRT are uncertain, although person-centered integrated care may lead to fewer hospitalizations and improved BP control.

Background and objectives The effectiveness of person-centered integrated care strategies for CKD is uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials to assess the effect of person-centered integrated care for CKD. Design, setting, participants, & measurements We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (from inception to April of 2016), and selected randomized, controlled trials of person-centered integrated care interventions with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to assess the effect of person-centered integrated care. Results We included 14 eligible studies covering 4693 participants with a mean follow-up of 12 months. In moderate quality evidence, person-centered integrated care probably had no effect on all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.68 to 1.08) or health-related quality of life (standardized mean difference, 0.02; 95% CI, −0.05 to 0.10). The effects on renal replacement therapy (RRT) (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.55), serum creatinine levels (mean difference, 0.59 mg/dl; 95% CI, −0.38 to 0.36), and eGFR (mean difference, 1.51 ml/min per 1.73 m2; 95% CI, −3.25 to 6.27) were very uncertain. Quantitative analysis suggested that person-centered integrated care interventions may reduce all-cause hospitalization (RR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.95) and improve BP control (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.44), although the certainty of the evidence was very low. Conclusions Person-centered integrated care may have little effect on mortality or quality of life. The effects on serum creatinine, eGFR, and RRT are uncertain, although person-centered integrated care may lead to fewer hospitalizations and improved BP control.

Objectives As diversity management activities become more prominent worldwide it is important to understand psychological reactions to them to ensure success, but empirical evidence is lacking. This study investigated employees' and managers' intentions and behavior to promote cultural diversity at work in a variety of organizations in the Netherlands, using Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. Method Predictors of intentions to promote cultural diversity at work (N = 670) and actual behavior after 6 months were assessed among managers and employees using self-reports in a 2-wave survey design. Participants' average age at Time 1 was 38.26 years (SD = 11.86), 56% was female, and there were 78.1% Dutch ethnic majority and 21.9% ethnic minority participants. Results Attitude to cultural diversity promotion at work and perceived behavioral control (PBC) related positively to both individuals' intentions to promote cultural diversity at work, which in turn predicted behavior. The strongest driver, however, was attitude. Managers' reported PBC and behavior were higher compared to employees. Conclusions This study supported the applicability of the theory of planned behavior to predict intentions and behavior to promote cultural diversity at work. With an increasingly diverse workforce, this study aimed to advance our understanding of drivers of individual reactions and behavior to support cultural diversity at work. (PsycINFO Database Record

El programa de manejo sanitario y aprovechamiento de aguas lluvias pretende analizar los beneficios que se pueden presentar con la implementación de cada una de las técnicas en las viviendas de interés social del Municipio de Tocancipá, este plantea un diseño de saneamiento básico, así como la ejecución de un programa de manejo sanitario, que será identificado bajo parámetros presupuestales y cronograma de ejecución con la ejecución de cada uno de los programas. Listado De Tablas 4 Listado de Figuras 4 Listado de Anexos 4 1. Descripción del problema 5 2. Planteamiento del problema 9 2.1. Pregunta general 9 2.2. Sistematización del problema 9 3. Objetivos 10 3.1. Objetivo general 10 3.2. Objetivos específicos 10 4. Justificación 11 5. Marco referencial 14 5.1. Marco histórico 14 5.1.1. Captación de agua de lluvia, pasado y actualidad 15 5.2. Marco teórico 16 5.3. Marco conceptual 21 5.4. Marco Normativo 23 6. Marco Metodológico. 27 6.1. Cualitativo – descriptivo 27 6.2. Fuentes De Información 27 6.2.1. Fuente Primaria 27 6.2.2. Fuentes Secundarias 28 6.3. Análisis de Variables 28 6.4. Interpretación de datos 28 6.5. Caso de estudio 28 6.5.1. ubicación geográfica en el territorio: 28 6.5.2. Localización general del proyecto 30 6.5.3. Acceso a la localidad. 30 6.5.4. Hidrografía e hidrología. 31 6.5.5. Hidrogeología. 32 6.5.6. Climatología y meteorología. 33 6.5.7. Precipitación. 34 6.5.8. Temperatura. 35 6.5.9. Humedad relativa. 36 6.5.10. Meteorología. 37 6.5.11. Vivienda en el Municipio de Tocancipá. - caso de estudio. 38 6.5.12. Estructura topológica del sistema de acueducto. 40 6.5.13. Análisis población y demanda: 41 6.5.14. Proyección de demanda de agua en el municipio. 42 7. Marco Técnico 45 7.1. Plan de Manejo Sanitario 45 7.1.1. Memoria de cálculo unidad sanitaria rural. 45 7.1.2. Tanque de almacenamiento. 45 7.1.3. Sistema de Tratamiento. 46 7.1.4. Tanque Séptico. 47 7.1.5. Trampa de Grasas. 48 7.1.6. Campo de Infiltración. 49 7.2. Manejo de Aguas Lluvias 50 7.2.1. Aprovechamiento de aguas de lluvia, análisis conceptual y referenciación de buenas prácticas. 50 8. Manejo de residuos sólidos 67 9. Conclusiones 1 10. Recomendaciones 2 11. Bibliografía 3 12. Anexos 6 The program of sanitary management and use of rainwater aims to analyze the benefits that can be presented with the implementation of each of the techniques in the social interest housing of the Municipality of Tocancipá, this raises a design of basic sanitation, as well as the execution of a health management program, which will be identified under budgetary parameters and execution schedule with the execution of each of the programs.

Resumen: El presente artículo aborda la organización de la atención de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de una gestión coordinada y multidisciplinar que evite el fraccionamiento. Se analizan los distintos actores que intervienen y los posibles escenarios clínicos en que se desarrolla la atención de estos pacientes. Se proponen distintos mecanismos de integración y coordinación de la gestión de acuerdo a las circunstancias en que se dé la asistencia. Se remarca el papel integrador que deben jugar los profesionales médicos y de enfermería en dicha gestión, con una actitud articuladora entre las distintas etapas en que transcurre la atención ya sea ambulatoria, pre o intrahospitalaria. Por último, se plantea como deseable que la asistencia se realice en un ámbito multi e interdisciplinario o, como forma alternativa o complementaria, a través de mecanismos de cogestión, transición o referencia-contrarreferencia. Summary: This article deals with care of patients with chronic heart failure, emphasizing the need of a coordinated and multidisciplinary management that avoids breaking-up. Different actors that intervene and possible clinical areas in which the care of these patients is developed are analyzed. Different mechanisms of integration and management coordination are proposed according to circumstances in which care is given. The integrating role that medical and nursing professionals should play is emphasized highlighting their articulating attitude between different stages in which care takes place, either with outpatients or inpatients. Finally, it is considered desirable that management be carried out in a multi and interdisciplinary field or, as an alternative or complementary form, through mechanisms of co-management, transition or reference.

Despite of women advancement in politics, business, and other spheres of life, women are largely absent from senior position and are marginalized in terms of power and resources. In Latvia women set up and lead vibrant and successful governmental and private organizations. The purpose of the article is to explore cultural roots of gendered inequality in leadership and economic power positions by the literature review and as reviled in interviews. Interview data reveal the obstacles women need to overcome in their career advancement and their stories of success. Methodology: The study presents a qualitative study on women’s leadership as defined in legislation and recent research and is supported by the qualitative inquiry of life stories of seven women engaged in the education’s management programs. These women undertake leadership positions in their organizations. Conclusions: To conclude, the goal of equal participation for both male and female players in all significant spheres of life as declared in the international legislation and the United Nations, declarations will strengthen democracy and will promote its proper functioning. The authors assert that higher education through management study programs can also build women’s capacity for leadership by assertiveness training and encouraging independent and critical thinkers.

El informe presenta una descripción concisa del trabajo práctico realizado para la formulación del Plan de Manejo Integral de Residuos Sólidos – PMIRS, desarrollado en la Central de Abastos de Villavicencio C.A.V. (P.H.) del departamento del Meta. Se ejecutó en tres fases según la metodología propuesta; en la primera fase se realizó el diagnóstico inicial mediante entrevistas, observación directa y una encuesta que permitió determinar la condición actual de la C.A.V. en cuanto al manejo de los residuos sólidos, además se hizo una caracterización por el método de cuarteo en la cual se obtuvo la cantidad y tipo de residuos que se generan por el desarrollo de la actividad comercial en un día de mercado y de no mercado. La segunda fase partió de los resultados del diagnóstico y permitió establecer ocho programas relacionados con el manejo de los residuos sólidos con el fin de aprovecharlos. En la tercera y última fase se realizó el análisis beneficio/costo económico de los programas con el cual se calculó el monto total de la implementación del PMIRS y los beneficios sociales, económicos y ambientales que se obtendrían con éste. The report presents a description of the practical work done for the formulation of the solid waste integral management plan – PMIRS, developed at the Supply Center of Villavicencio C.A.V. (P.H.) of the department of Meta. It was implemented in three phases according to the proposed methodology; in the first phase the initial diagnosis was made through interviews, direct observation and a survey that allowed to determine the current condition of C.A.V. in terms of solid waste management, in addition a characterization was made by the quarantine method in which the quantity and type of residues generated by the development of the commercial activity in a market day and of the non-market were obtained. The second phase was based on the results of the diagnosis and allowed to establish eight programs related to the management of solid waste in order to take advantage of them. In the third and last phase, the economic benefit / cost analysis of the programs was carried out, which calculated the total amount of PMIRS implementation and the social, economic and environmental benefits that would be obtained with it. Ingeniero Ambiental http://www.ustavillavicencio.edu.co/home/index.php/unidades/extension-y-proyeccion/investigacion Pregrado

Ammar MSA, Hassanein M, Madkour HA, Abd-Elgawad AE. 2011. Site suitability to tourist use or management programs South Marsa Alam, Red Sea, Egypt. Nusantara Bioscience 3: 36-43. Twenty sites in the southern Egyptian Red Sea (Marsa Alam-Ras Banas sector) were surveyed principally for sensitivity significance throughout the periode 2002-2003. Sensitivity of the study area was derived from internationally known criteria, the key words of each criterion and a brief description of its use was described. The present study assigned for the first time a numerical total environmental significance score that gives a full sensitivity significance evaluation for any site to decide to select either for tourist use or management purposes. However, the results of the study still have the availability to arrange sites with respect to one criterion or only two or many of the used criteria whichever needed. Sites selected for protection are categorized as belonging to the following protected area categories: sites 7, 10 (category vi), site 18 (category ib), site 5 (category iv), sites 16, 17 (category ii). Sites selected for tourist uses are suggested to be classified into 2 categories: first category sites (sites 1, 3, 8, 11, 13, 15) which are recommended as tourist use sites with management of the sensitive resources beside non consumptive recreational activities like swimming, diving, boating, surfing, wind-surfing, jet skiing, bird watching, snorkelling, etc.; second category sites (sites 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 14, 19, 20) which are recommended as tourist use sites with both non consumptive and managed consumptive recreational activities like fishing.

As características da sustentabilidade socioambiental têm um efeito profundo no modo como as instituições acadêmicas devem gerar conhecimento para incluí-la nos seus objetivos, pois, dentre os papéis da academia, destaca-se a geração de pesquisa interdisciplinar e de conhecimento científico, baseada na resolução de problemas na sociedade. Neste ensaio argumenta-se que as instituições brasileiras de ensino que formam administradores necessitam ampliar a base epistemológica atual para serem capazes de resolver, de modo mais completo, as questões relacionadas à sustentabilidade socioambiental. Dessa forma, o objetivo é de refletir sobre o processo para a geração de arranjos de conhecimentos voltados à inserção da sustentabilidade socioambiental nos cursos de Administração brasileiros, procurando avançar em relação às pesquisas já desenvolvidas sobre o tema, tendo-as como base. Foram analisados artigos da literatura nacional e internacional que tratam do tema, buscando identificar a situação atual da inserção da sustentabilidade na formação dos administradores. O escopo teórico que embasa este artigo está focado no pensamento complexo, conforme a visão de Edgar Morin. Assim, este artigo busca relacionar as ideias sobre complexidade com proposições de autores que visualizam as relações entre as estruturas e os processos, visando propor bases para a construção de arranjos no conhecimento para a sustentabilidade, com características pluralistas e reflexivas, para os cursos brasileiros de administração. A contribuição que se espera com este artigo para a prática da administração é fornecer um ponto inicial de reflexão, necessitando, para sua continuidade, buscar com os diferentes atores, que pensam e executam o ensino e a pesquisa em administração, percepções e conhecimentos sobre a construção deste caminho em direção à inserção da sustentabilidade socioambiental na formação dos administradores brasileiros, de forma plural e reflexiva. Como implicações sociais deste trabalho e seus impactos na sociedade, espera-se propor diferentes caminhos para atender os problemas complexos da realidade, relacionando-se com um mundo dinâmico e interdependente, gerando um conhecimento plural, que se harmonize com as complexas mudanças que estão ocorrendo neste mundo. The characteristics of social and environmental sustainability have a profound effect on how academic institutions should go about generating knowledge so as to include the subject among their goals because the generation of interdisciplinary research and scientific knowledge based on the resolution of the problems encountered in society is one of their most important roles. This essay argues that the Brazilian educational institutions that prepare managers need to extend their current epistemological basis in order to able to more fully resolve the issues related to social and environmental sustainability. Thus, based on the available literature, the aim here is to reflect on and contribute towards the process of generating knowledge arrangements that facilitate the inclusion of environmental sustainability in Brazilian management programs. Articles dealing with the issue published in the Brazilian and international literature were analyzed in an attempt to identify the extent to which the subject of sustainability is currently integrated into management training. The theory base underlying this article adopts the ideas of complex thinking, as viewed by Edgar Morin. Thus, in order to propose a bases for building knowledge arrangements for sustainability that include pluralistic and reflexive features for Brazilian management programs, this article seeks to relate ideas about complexity with propositions from authors who view the relationship between structures and processes. This article is intended to be a starting point for reflection on the practice of management and, to further develop the subject, research will need to carried out among actors involved in the teaching of and research into management regarding their perceptions and knowledge about constructing a path towards including social and environmental sustainability in a pluralistic and reflexive manner in the training of Brazilian managers. Regarding the social implications of this paper and its impact on society, the intention is to propose different ways of dealing with the complex problems of the situation, link them with the dynamic and interdependent world, and so create a more plural knowledge that is in harmony with the complex changes that are occurring in the world. Las características de la sostenibilidad social y ambiental tienen un profundo efecto en cómo las instituciones académicas deben generar conocimientos para incluirla entre sus objetivos, porque la generación de la investigación interdisciplinaria y el conocimiento científico basado en la resolución de los problemas que se plantean en la sociedad es uno de sus papeles importantes. Este ensayo argumenta que las instituciones brasileñas de educación que preparan los administradores necesitan ampliar su base epistemológica actual, para poder resolver mejor los problemas relacionados con la sostenibilidad social y ambiental. Así, con base en la literatura disponible, el objetivo es reflexionar y contribuir al proceso de generación de arreglos de conocimientos que faciliten la inclusión de la sostenibilidad social y ambiental en cursos de Administración brasileños. Artículos que tratan el tema publicado en la literatura nacional e internacional fueron analizados con intento de identificar como se encuentra el tema de la sostenibilidad en la formación en gestión. La base de la teoría que subyace este artículo adopta las ideas del pensamiento complejo, según Edgar Morin. Con el fin de proponer bases para la construcción de arreglos de conocimiento para la sostenibilidad, incluyendo características plurales y reflexivas para los cursos de Administración brasileños, este artículo busca relacionar ideas sobre la complejidad con las proposiciones de autores que consideran la relación entre las estructuras y procesos. Este artículo pretende ser un punto de partida para la reflexión sobre la práctica de la gestión, para seguir desarrollando el tema, deberá realizarse investigación entre los actores involucrados en la enseñanza y la investigación de la Administración con respecto a sus percepciones y conocimientos sobre la construcción de un camino hacia la inclusión de la sostenibilidad social y ambiental de manera pluralista y reflexiva en la formación de los administradores. Las implicaciones sociales de este trabajo y su impacto en la sociedad es proponer diferentes maneras de hacer frente a los complejos problemas de la situación, vincularlos con el mundo dinámico e interdependiente, y así crear un conocimiento más plural que está en armonía con los complejos cambios que se están produciendo en el mundo.

Programs and policies to minimize the threat of, or mitigate the damages from, invasive species work best if designed in concert with each other. Whether program emphasis should be on prevention or control depends on the biological characteristics and size of the invasive species population, ecological characteristics of invaded ecosystems, the cost and efficacy of prevention measures relative to control measures, and the level of prevention costs borne abroad. Because all of these factors are highly variable, data needs are constant if intervention is to be both effective and economical.

During the last decade, there has been a renewed interest in physicians´ working conditions at a time when health care is undergoing major structural and financial changes. Physicians report decreasing work satisfaction and at the same time increasingly contemplate on leaving their profession. Despite an increasing proportion of female physicians, they are underrepresented in management positions. Very often, female physicians also report worse personal health and less organisational influence than their male colleagues. Management programs have been viewed as an important vehicle to improve working conditions and career development for female physicians. The aim of the present thesis was to evaluate the effects on individual health, professional development, perception of organisational structure and career development. Fifty-two female physicians participated in structured 1-year management programs. The control group consisted of 52 physicians not participating in any formal management education during the study period. The female physicians were compared with 157 male physicians in order to evaluate possible gender and manager-reported differences on individual and organisational well-being. The study also assessed occupational predictors of individual well-being, health and professional development for managers. Participants in management programs reported a clearer organisational structure and improved professional development and influence. However, there were no significant effects with regard to health, sickness absenteeism, nor career development. Male and female physicians differed in several areas when assessed as a group, but stratifying for management level, most of the gender-related differences disappeared. When managers rated clearer organisational structure, this was associated with higher ratings on individual well-being and professional development. Management programs for female physicians might have some beneficial effects but these programs need to be better defined and targeted to the most important issues at hand to recruit future managers. Furthermore, these programs must be better integrated with other processes to create efficient and able managers.

During the last decade, there has been a renewed interest in physicians´ working conditions at a time when health care is undergoing major structural and financial changes. Physicians report decreasing work satisfaction and at the same time increasingly contemplate on leaving their profession. Despite an increasing proportion of female physicians, they are underrepresented in management positions. Very often, female physicians also report worse personal health and less organisational influence than their male colleagues. Management programs have been viewed as an important vehicle to improve working conditions and career development for female physicians. The aim of the present thesis was to evaluate the effects on individual health, professional development, perception of organisational structure and career development. Fifty-two female physicians participated in structured 1-year management programs. The control group consisted of 52 physicians not participating in any formal management education during the study period. The female physicians were compared with 157 male physicians in order to evaluate possible gender and manager-reported differences on individual and organisational well-being. The study also assessed occupational predictors of individual well-being, health and professional development for managers. Participants in management programs reported a clearer organisational structure and improved professional development and influence. However, there were no significant effects with regard to health, sickness absenteeism, nor career development. Male and female physicians differed in several areas when assessed as a group, but stratifying for management level, most of the gender-related differences disappeared. When managers rated clearer organisational structure, this was associated with higher ratings on individual well-being and professional development. Management programs for female physicians might have some beneficial effects but these programs need to be better defined and targeted to the most important issues at hand to recruit future managers. Furthermore, these programs must be better integrated with other processes to create efficient and able managers.

Recent pesticide monitoring studies have determined that agricultural pesticides are entering the waterways of Southern Ontario. This fact has been of concern to residents of the Dresden area, since the town's municipal water supply comes from the southern branch of the Sydenham River - a waterway that flows through an intensively farmed region of Southwestern Ontario. Not only have pesticides been found in the river water at Dresden, but many of the private wells in the South Sydenham watershed also have tested positively for a number of agricultural chemicals. In the latter part of 1988, Agriculture Canada, in response to the presence of pesticides from agricultural sources in the water supply in the Dresden area, proposed that a preliminary literature and data review should be done with the objective of determining a better understanding of the problem. The activities associated with the study would be to identify existing pesticide and water studies on the area, determine which studies were ongoing in nature, compile relevant water quality and pesticide use information, identify gaps in the knowledge or areas where additional information would complement and enhance existing data and produce recommendations for action that will aid in the development of effective remedial measures.