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The chapter is devoted to the phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles, their characterization, and important pharmacological bio-efficacies. It originates with the recent debate emphasizing nanotechnology is not always safe, particularly when it is applied to a biological system, as it has been associated with toxicity and potential side effects. The research on plant-based medicine initially started with the use of crude plant extracts but faced hitches of being quickly removed from the body and exhibiting poor bioavailability. The journey of research advanced from the direct application of plant extract to its relevant bioactive constituents. The toxicity and emergence of resistance against a single chemical recipe even at a low dose again posed challenges. Green nanotechnology and the intersection of green chemistry with nanotechnology opened the brilliant road for herbal nanomedicine. Plant-mediated fabrication of silver nanoparticles has been recognized as an important tool for the enhancement of pharmacological bio-efficacies, being easy to conduct in an economical single green step. The research expanded towards the use of bioactive constituent loaded metal nanoparticles. The mechanism of the phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using medicinally important plant secondary metabolites like flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids have been discussed. The various factors governing the shape and size of phyto-fabricated silver nanoparticles have been explained. Multimetallization for the enhancement of bio-efficacies has been the focus of current research. An exhaustive survey of phyto-fabricated mono and bimetallic silver nanoparticles exploring their different bio-efficacies has been presented along with their mechanistic pathways.

The present communication warrants the presence of significant wound healing bio-efficacy of aq. alc. extract of the seed (49.78%) of the plant Madhuca longifolia. A family of seven flavonoid fractions have been ascertained in the seed aq. alc. extract of the target plant using LCMS-8030 analysis. In vivo wound healing parameters (wound area, wound closure, epithelization period, skin breaking strength and hydroxyproline content) have been examined in Swiss albino mice models. Statistically significant (p

A two-layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict the removal efficiency of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution using shelled Moringa Oleifera seed (SMOS) powder. Batch experiments re-sulted into standardization of optimum conditions: biomass dosage (4.0 g), Cd(II) concentration (25 mg/L) volume (200 mL) at pH 6.5. A time of forty minutes was found sufficient to achieve the equilibrium. The ANN model was designed to predict sorption efficiency of SMOS for target metal ion by combining back propagation (BP) with principle component analysis. A sigmoid axon was used as transfer function for input and output layer. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) was applied, giving a minimum mean squared error (MSE) for training and cross validation at the ninth place of decimal.

A single-layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict the removal efficiency of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution using shelled Moringa Oleifera seed (SMOS) powder. Batch experiments resulted into standardization of optimum conditions: biomass dosage (4.0 g), Ni(II) concentration (25 mg/L) volume (200 mL) at pH 6.5. A time of forty minutes was found sufficient to achieve the equilibrium. The ANN model was designed to predict sorption efficiency of SMOS for target metal ion by combining back propagation (BP) with principle component analysis. A sigmoid axon was used as transfer function for input and output layers. The Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) was applied, giving a minimum mean squared error (MSE) for training and cross validation at the ninth place of decimal.

The present study is aimed to investigate the effects ofChenopodium album(leaves) on the growth of estrogen dependent (MCF-7) and estrogen independent (MDA-MB-468) human breast cancer cell lines. The different solvent extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol) were assessed for their cytotoxicity using TBE (Trypan blue exclusion) and MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium] bioassay. These cells were cultured in MEM (minimum essential medium) medium and incubated with the dilution series of extracts (10–100 mg/ml) in CO2incubator at 37°C for 24 h. Among the various extracts studied for two cell lines, methanolic extract ofC. album(leaves) exhibited maximum antibreast cancer activity having IC50(the concentration of an individual compound leading to 50% inhibition) value 27.31 mg/ml against MCF-7 cell line. Significant percent inhibition (94.06%) in the MeOH extract ofC. album(leaves) at 48 h of exposure and concentration 100 mg/ml (p < 0.05) against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, indicates the presence of some structural moiety responsible for this observed antiproliferative effect. In vivo study and structural elucidation of its bioactive principle are in progress. Our findings highlight the potential of this plant for its possible clinical use to counteract malignancy development as antibreast cancer bioagent.

Andrographis paniculata Nees, a well-known plant of Indian and Chinese traditional system of medicines, has drawn attention of researchers in recent times. An attempt was made to isolate the active principle from the plant using chromatographic methods. Andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata (burm. f.) Nees (Acanthaceae) ameliorated the diabetes induced renal failure when treated for 28 days. The results demonstrated that andrographolide showed alleviation in terms of serum creatinine (54.73 %), serum urea (63.92 %), urinary proteins (32.35 %) at a dose of 90 μg/ml. The structure of the isolated compound was confirmed by various spectroscopic methods.

Background Renal failure is an increasingly common condition with limited treatment options that is causing a major financial and emotional burden on the community. Andrographis paniculata is the plant used in Ayurveda for several remedies. Scientific evidence suggests its versatile biological functions that support its traditional use in the Orient. The plant is claimed to possess immunological, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and hepatoprotective properties. But, to date, there is no study demonstrating the protective effect of A. paniculata on gentamicin-induced renal failure. The present study aims to highlight the first ever reported, antirenal failure activity of A. paniculata. Methods Male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: normal control, gentamicin control, and aqueous extract of A. paniculata (200 mg/kg, per oral (p.o.))-treated. The nephrotoxic model was induced by gentamicin (80 mg/kg, intraperitoeal (i.p.)). Blood samples were examined for serum creatinine, serum urea, and blood urea nitrogen after the 10 days of treatment. Results A gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic animal model was successfully prepared. Aqueous extract of A. paniculata attenuated the gentamicin-induced increase in serum creatinine, serum urea, and blood urea nitrogen levels by 176.92%, 106.27%, and 202.90%, respectively. Conclusion The present study reports that the aqueous extract (whole plant) of A. paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees exhibits a significant renoprotective effect in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar albino rats.