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Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent that increases oxidative stress in veterans. The literature assessing oxidant/antioxidant parameters in SM-exposed veterans contains conflicting results. A total of 11 relevant studies were identified and screened. Data were extracted, and effect size and heterogeneity were assessed. The analysis revealed significant elevations in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation), catalase (CAT), and a reduction in glutathione (GSH) following SM exposure while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant levels did not change. The meta-analysis revealed that the MDA and CAT levels significantly increased in the two post-exposure sampling times (15-20 and 21-33 years) except for theGSH level, which decreased only in the post-exposure sampling time of 21-33 years. The subgroup meta-analysis of the type of analyzed samples indicated that SOD and CAT levels were only increased in the serum/plasma samples, while GSH was decreased. BALF/sputum and erythrocyte samples also revealed significant increases in MDA and SOD levels while GSH level was significantly decreased. This meta-analysis concluded that SM exposure affects the balance between oxidants and antioxidants, promoting oxidative stress that may persist long after exposure. This condition highlights the need for strategies to enhance antioxidant defenses in SM-exposed veterans., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by hyperinflammation, which can trigger oxidative stress. At the same time, COVID-19 is accompanied by both psychological and physical stress. Copeptin, a novel stress marker, has been shown to predict disease outcomes in stress-induced diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of copeptin, with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, in distinguishing between different clinical courses of COVID-19., Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 75 participants: 25 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU), 25 non-ICU COVID-19 patients, and 25 healthy individuals. 64 % of the ICU patients received corticosteroid treatment for 4-10 days before sampling. Serum concentrations of the study parameters were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between the study groups., Results: Serum IL-6 levels (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in ICU patients compared to non-ICU patients and the control group. Serum MDA (p < 0.001) and 4-HNE (p = 0.027) concentrations were significantly lower in the ICU group in comparison with the other groups. Copeptin was not statistically significant. MDA (p = 0.040) and 4-HNE (p = 0.017) levels were significantly lower in the treated ICU group than the untreated one., Conclusions: Serum IL-6 levels were noticeably associated with COVID-19 severity. Corticosteroid therapy administration seemed to influence MDA and 4-HNE levels in the treated group, with no obvious influence on IL-6 and copeptin in the same cohort. This data suggests that in SARS-CoV-2 infection, corticosteroids may act through a rapid non-genomic mechanism., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by complex pathophysiological changes affecting both autonomic and somatic components of the nervous system. Inflammation and oxidative stress are recognized contributors to the pathogenesis of DN. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in alleviating DN symptoms, focusing on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties., Methods: Thirty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Control, Diabetic, and two DCA-treated groups receiving 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of DCA, respectively. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) injections. Assessments included lipid peroxidation levels, plasma fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) levels, electrophysiological measurements, histological examination of the sciatic nerve, and motor function tests., Results: Treatment with DCA significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating decreased lipid peroxidation. Plasma TGF-β levels were also lower in the DCA-treated groups, suggesting diminished inflammation. Conversely, plasma FGF-21 levels were elevated. Electrophysiological assessments revealed enhanced compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes and reduced distal latencies in DCA-treated rats, indicative of improved nerve conduction. Histopathological examinations showed reduced perineural thickness in the sciatic nerves of DCA-treated rats, pointing to decreased fibrosis. Enhanced performance in motor function tests was observed in these rats, implying improved muscle strength and motor capacity., Conclusions: The study demonstrates that DCA therapy significantly reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of DN, thereby ameliorating neuropathic symptoms. These results support the potential of DCA as a promising therapeutic agent for DN treatment. Further research is warranted to explore its clinical applications and to provide more detailed insights., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All experimental procedures adhered to the ethical guidelines approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Ethical Committee of the University of Science (Ethical Approval Number: 28210104, Date:13.02.2023). Clinical trial number: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting postmenopausal women. This study investigated the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on antioxidant and inflammatory markers and liver enzymes in postmenopausal, overweight and obese women with RA. This 8-week randomized controlled trial included 44 postmenopausal women with RA divided into an intervention group following a 16:8 IF diet and a control group maintaining their usual diet and received recommendations for healthy eating. Inflammatory indices, oxidative stress markers, and liver enzymes were measured at baseline and post intervention. The IF group showed significant decreases in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P = 0.02) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.018) and increased catalase levels (P = 0.004) compared to the control group. Liver enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) also decreased significantly in the IF group (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the other measured parameters between groups. In conclusion, the 16:8 IF diet demonstrated beneficial effects on some oxidative stress markers, inflammatory indices, and liver enzymes in postmenopausal, overweight, and obese women with RA. These findings suggest that IF may be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for managing RA in this population, potentially addressing both primary disease symptoms and associated metabolic complications. Further research is needed to elucidate the long-term effects and mechanisms of IF in the management of RA., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Prostate cancer is the most common type after the age of fifty. It affects males and affects the prostate gland, which protects the function of sperm by producing semen. The current study was designed to evaluate prostate cancer infection effects on some biomarkers such as irisin, Tumor necrosis factor-TNF-α, prostate acid phosphates -PAP, Glutathione-GSH, malondialdehyde-MDA, urea, and creatinine. The study was conducted on 50 males infected with prostate cancer and 30 healthy males (control group) who attended the Baghdad Teaching Hospital -Medical City Center/Baghdad, Iraq, from 20/6/2024 to 1/8/2024. The results of the current research showed a significant elevation in (Irisin, TNF-α, PAP, MDA, urea, and creatinine) concentration and a significant decrease in (GSH) concentration in the serum of patients compared to the healthy subjects in the probability of P≤0.05. Irisin and some variables are important physiological biomarkers that can support the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Background and Aim: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori), a gram-negative bacterial pathogen associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. This study investigates potential factors in the incidence of gastric cancer in patients with H.pylori, including oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, serum pepsinogens (PG) of I and II, and PG-I/PG-II ratio., Methods: The study comprised individuals with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection, gastric cancer patients, and healthy individuals. Biochemical parameters such as FBS (fasting blood sugar), lipid profile, and liver and kidney functional factors were evaluated using colorimetric techniques. Oxidative markers such as total oxidant status (TOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified through colorimetric methods. IL-8, PG-II, and PG-II levels were also determined using the ELISA technique., Results: Individuals with H. pylori infection exhibited elevated levels of IL-8 (940.5 ± 249.7 vs. 603.4 ± 89.1 pg/ml, P < 0.0001) and oxidative species (5.47 ± 0.7 vs. 1.64 ± 0.7 nM, P < 0.05) compared to gastric cancer patients, who, despite having lower levels of IL-8 and oxidative species, showed higher levels of MDA. H.pylori patients exhibited significantly higher levels of PG-I (7.28 ± 2.1 vs. 2.61 ± 1.4 ng/ml, P < 0.001), PG-II (3.21 ± 1 vs. 2.6 ± 0.6 ng/ml, P < 0.001), and the PG-I/PG-II ratio (2.27 ± 1.2 vs. 1 ± 0.4, P < 0.001) compared to gastric cancer patients. The findings were substantiated using various data analysis platforms such as Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN (The University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis), cBioPortal, and TIMER (Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource). These parameters could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for screening and therapeutic interventions based on the cut-off values derived from ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves for IL-8, PGI, PGII, and PGI/PGII across the three groups., Conclusions: IL-8, PGI, PGII, and PGI/PGII parameters could serve as potential diagnostic markers for the screening and treatment of gastric conditions., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval and consent to participate: The Ethics Commission of the Iran University of Medical Sciences (Ethical Code: IR.IUMS.REC.1401.98) verified the project’s compliance with “Helsinki Laws” and approved the study. Informed consent was obtained from all of the participants in the study. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Breast cancer is strongly connected with elevated oxidative stress. Oxidative modifications of hemoglobin can serve as biomarkers for monitoring oxidative stress status in vivo. The structure of hemoglobin modifications derived from malondialdehyde (MDA) in human blood hemoglobin exists as N-propenal and dihydropyridine (DHP). This study reports the simultaneous quantification of eleven modified peptides in hemoglobin derived from MDA and advanced histidine oxidation in 16 breast cancer patients and 16 healthy women using nanoflow liquid chromatography nanoelectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The results reveal statistically significant increases in the formation of MDA-derived N-propenal and DHP of lysine and advanced oxidation of histidine in hemoglobin of breast cancer patients with the Mann-Whitney U-test p values < 0.0001 and the AUC of ROC between 0.9277 and 1.0. Furthermore, the elevation in modified peptides is significant in patients with early stages of breast cancer. By measuring these oxidative modifications in hemoglobin from a drop of blood, the role of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in breast cancer can be assessed using this sensitive assay., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a complication of diabetes, yet the underlying pathology remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and neuronal damage in the neuropathology underlying diabetes related cognitive impairment., Methods: This study assessed 183 participants (54 prediabetes, 71 Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], and 58 controls) for cognitive performance using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Blood samples were analyzed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), VCAM-1/CD106, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) using ELISA. Mediation and moderator analysis methods were used to examine the roles of these biomarkers in diabetes-related cognitive impairment., Results: After adjusting for age, education, and gender, group comparisons revealed significant cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM, particularly in visuospatial functions, naming, language, and memory performance, compared to the control group. The patients with T2DM and prediabetes exhibited similar performance in cognitive functions, except for language. Significant differences in VCAM-1 and TNF-α levels were observed; however, these biomarkers did not mediate the effect of T2DM and prediabetes on cognitive functions. Nevertheless, VCAM-1 was found to moderate abstraction abilities in T2DM., Conclusion: Prediabetes represents a transitional stage not only for the pathology of diabetes but also for cognitive complications. Although there were correlations between cognitive performance and various cognitive scores, IL-6, MDA, NSE, VCAM-1, and TNF-α did not play a mediator role in the neuropathology of diabetes-related cognitive impairment., (© 2025 The Author(s). Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Oxidative injury occurs in septic people, but the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants has rarely been evaluated in foals., Objectives/hypothesis: To measure reactive oxygen species (ROS), biomarkers of oxidative injury, and antioxidants in neonatal foals. We hypothesized that ill foals would have higher blood concentrations of ROS and biomarkers of oxidative injury and lower concentrations of antioxidants compared to healthy foals., Animals: Seventy-two hospitalized and 21 healthy neonatal foals., Methods: Prospective cohort study. Reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide [H 2 O 2 ]), biomarkers of oxidative injury (malondialdehyde [MDA], protein carbonyl), and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione, and glutathione reductase [GR] and peroxidase [GPx]) were measured from foals at admission. Measured variables were compared between healthy and ill foals using a 1-way ANOVA by Tukey's multiple comparisons test., Results: Ill foals (n = 51) had significantly higher mean concentrations of H 2 O 2 (healthy 2.6 ± 1.4 nmol/mL, ill 6.8 ± 4.6 L nmol/mL; 95% CI), MDA (healthy 31.2 ± 14.4 nmol/mL, ill 114.3 ± 94.0 nmol/mL; 95% CI), and protein carbonyl (healthy 0.07 ± 0.01 nmol/mg protein, ill 0.12 ± 0.02 nmol/mg protein, 95% CI). Significant lower CAT (healthy 0.4 ± 0.3 mU/mg protein, ill 0.02 ± 0.02 mU/mg protein, 95% CI), glutathione (healthy 238.5 ± 101.9 μg/mL, ill 110.7 ± 37.8 μg/mL, 95% CI; P < .0001), GR (healthy 1.6 ± 1.8 mU/mg protein, ill 0.4 ± 0.5 mU/mg protein, 95% CI), and GPx (healthy 0.01 ± 0.003 mU/mg protein, ill 0.007 ± 0.002 mU/mg protein, 95% CI) were also noted., Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Oxidative stress and lower antioxidant concentrations occur in ill and bacteremic neonatal foals. These variables should be considered during the treatment of ill foals., (© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.)

Little is known regarding the effects high-intensity training performed in hypoxia on the oxidative stress and antioxidant systems. The aim of this study was to assess the potential effect of 4 weeks of repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) on the redox balance. Forty male well-trained cyclists were matched into two different interventions (RSH, n  = 20) or in normoxia, RSN, n  = 20) and tested twice (before (Pre-) and after (Post-) a 4-week of training) for performance (repeated sprint ability (RSA) test), oxidative stress, and antioxidant status. Antioxidant enzyme activity (Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and catalase), NO metabolites (NOx: nitrites and nitrates), ferric reducing antioxidant power, Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrotyrosine, and carbonyls were measured in plasma. At Post-, MDA, and carbonyls increased ( p  < 0.05) in the RSN group both at rest (+90.6%) and also acutely in response to RSA (+22.9%); but not in RSH. At Post-, in the RSH group, catalase increased ( p  < 0.05) both at rest (+44.7%) and in response to the RSA test (+66.3%). At Post-, SOD, and nitrotyrosine decreased after RSA and at rest, regardless of the group ( p  = 0.0012 and p  = 0.0413, respectively). At Post-, NOx decreased after the RSA test, regardless of the group ( p  < 0.05). In conclusion, several weeks of RSH training limits the increase in oxidative stress markers both at rest and in response to RSA test. Moreover, such training downregulated SOD activity, possibly due to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species. These findings could constitute a paradigm shift with a better enzymatic adaptation after RSH concomitant with a distinct reactive oxygen species (ROS) production between RSH and RSN.

Spirulina platensis is a natural antioxidant product that has the ability to improve the performance of poultry. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of using Spirulina platensis as a feed additive in broiler diets. A total of 252 daily male Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to six groups. There were two different protein groups: one was at the catalog protein value, and the other was reduced by 10%. Spirulina platensis at 0, 0.1, and 0.2% was added to each protein group. The trial lasted 41 days. Reducing the protein level by 10% had a negative impact on the performance of the chicks. However, Spirulina platensis supplementation had a positive effect on the feed conversion ratio, reduced the oxidative stress index in the chicks' liver and meat, increased the total antioxidant status and antioxidant enzyme activities, improved the villus height, serum IgG, and some bone parameters, and reduced the serum triglyceride concentration. The carcass yield, visceral organ weight percentages, total phenolic content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the thigh meat and some serum biochemical parameters were not affected by the usage of Spirulina platensis . In conclusion, 0.1% Spirulina platensis could be a feasible feed additive in low-protein diets due to eliciting an improved performance, antioxidant status, and immune response in broilers.

Introduction: Background and aims: oxidative stress is an important factor in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to compare the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and antioxidant micronutrients in children and adolescents with and without NAFLD. Methods: a cross-sectional study with patients between 8-18 years old, of both sexes. Diagnosis of NAFLD: presence of steatosis on ultrasound and absence of history of ethanol consumption and other liver diseases. Anthropometric measures, MDA, GPx, Interleukin-6, serum levels of vitamins A, C and E, selenium, zinc, and copper were evaluated. Results: eighty-nine children with mean age of 12 (3) years, 57.3 % female and 24 % with NAFLD were evaluated. Those with NAFLD had more frequent abdominal obesity (high waist-height ratio: 81.0 % x 48.5 %; p = 0.009). After logistic regression NAFLD was associated with high body mass index/age (p-adjusted = 0.021) and with reduced serum GPx (p-adjusted = 0.034). There was a positive correlation between MDA and copper (r = 0.288; p = 0.006), IL-6 (r = 0.357; p = 0.003) and a negative one with vitamin A (r = -0.270; p = 0.011). Conclusions: oxidative stress is present in children with NAFLD and non-invasive markers such as GPx and BMI can be used in clinical practice and help in the early screening of NAFLD.

The aim of this study was to (1) determine complex interactions between macro- and micro-elements present in blood serum and ejaculate of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), and (2) examine the association between alterations in these macro- and micro-elements with markers of oxidative stress. Blood and ejaculate from 10 male carp were collected in the summer period on the experimental pond in Kolíňany (West Slovak Lowland). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyls (PC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in blood serum and ejaculate using spectrophotometric methods. The amounts of elements (Ag, Al, Ba, Co, Li, Mo, Ca, K, Na, and Mg) in all samples were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry. Data demonstrated significant differences in elemental concentrations between blood and ejaculate, specifically significantly higher ejaculate levels were detected for Ag, Al, Ba, Co, Li, Mo, K, and Mg. Potassium was the most abundant macro-element in the ejaculate, while sodium was the most abundant in blood serum. Among the micro-elements, Al was predominant in both types of samples. It is noteworthy that oxidative status markers including ROS, TAC, and MDA were significantly higher in ejaculate indicating the presence of oxidative stress in C. carpio reproductive tissue. The positive correlations between Mg and Ca in blood serum and ejaculate suggest these elements play a functional role in metabolic and physiological processes. In contrast, the positive correlations of Ba and Al with markers of oxidative stress indicated the association of these metals with induction of oxidative stress. Our findings provide insights into the association of metals with biomarkers of physiological function as well as adverse effects in C. carpio .

Background: Acne vulgaris, a prevalent inflammatory skin condition, is closely linked to the immune system's regulation and oxidative stress. During Ramadan, the practice of intermittent fasting-abstaining from food and drink from dawn to sunset-can impact both body and skin health, potentially influencing the pathophysiology of acne including the immune response and the oxidative status. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of Ramadan fasting on disease severity, Th1/Th17 cytokine levels, and oxidative status in patients with acne vulgaris., Method: The study involved 40 patients with acne vulgaris. The severity of the condition was evaluated using the Global Acne grading System (GAGS) score, body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and levels of interleukin (IL-17), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured both before and after the fasting period., Results: A significant reduction in GAGS score, IL-17, IFN-γ, and MDA levels was observed after Ramadan fasting compared to before Ramadan. Additionally, the percentage decrease in GAGS score showed a positive correlation with the percentage decrease in IFN-γ., Conclusion: Intermittent fasting during Ramadan could potentially benefit acne vulgaris by reducing the Th1/Th17 immune response and lowering oxidative stress., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics declarations: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background and Objectives : In this study, the effects of an eight-week exercise and nutrition program on blood lipids, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, ghrelin, irisin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) in overweight women were investigated. Materials and Methods : A total of 48 women volunteers participated in this study. The participants were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), exercise (E), nutrition (N), exercise + nutrition (E + N). While no intervention was applied to group C, the other groups participated in the predetermined programs for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of this study, body composition was measured and blood samples were taken. Results : It was determined that the body composition components, lipid profile indicators, insulin, glucose, insulin resistance, leptin, ghrelin, irisin, and MDA parameters examined in this study showed positive changes in the intervention groups. Group E had a greater effect on body muscle percentage, MDA, and irisin levels, while group N had a greater effect on blood lipids and ghrelin levels. Conclusions : As a result, it is thought that lifestyle changes are important to improve cardiovascular health and combat obesity, and that maintaining a healthy diet together with exercise may be more effective.

Objective: The deleterious effects of caffeine consumption on reproductive functions of female Wistar rats were investigated in this study., Methods: In this experimental study, 35 female Wistar rats (180-200g) were divided into 7 groups: Control, II-IV received oral caffeine (10, 20, and 40mg/kg/day respectively) for 21 days. V-VII received similar caffeine doses for 21 days, followed by a 21-day withdrawal period. The ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uteri were assessed for levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity using spectrophotometry. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol levels were measured by ELISA. Organ histology was performed using microscopy. Statistical analysis employed ANOVA with significance at p<0.05., Results: Caffeine caused dose-dependent increases in MDA, NO, and catalase activity in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uteri which decreased upon withdrawal. GSH levels in the ovary and fallopian tubes decreased with caffeine intake but recovered during withdrawal. Caffeine reduced estradiol levels in a dose-dependent manner, its withdrawal led to reductions in serum LH at 20 and 40mg/kg/day and FSH at 40mg/kg/day. Histology revealed dose-dependent alterations in ovarian architecture with congested connective tissues. Caffeine caused sloughing of plicae in the muscularis of the fallopian tubes, degenerated epithelial layer in the uterus, and severe inflammation of the myometrial stroma cells that persisted during caffeine withdrawal., Conclusions: Caffeine consumption adversely impacted the female reproductive functions of rats, altering hormonal balance and organ structure which persisted even after caffeine withdrawal.

Boron is primarily used in industrial applications, with recent interest revolving around its effects on metabolism. In this study, we administered boric acid (BA), which has positive effects on reproduction, in conjunction with feed supplementation to serve as a model for experimental animal development and breeding. The pregnancy performance, offspring development, and biochemical effects of mice given feed supplemented with BA at concentrations of 0 (control group), 250, and 500 ppm (BA groups) were investigated. A total of 18 female Balb-C mice were utilized for pregnancy. The mice were given the BA-supplemented feed during a period encompassing three weeks of pregnancy and three weeks of lactation. The numbers and weights of offspring born in cages on days 19-21 were determined. Blood and tissue samples were collected from the offspring during the third week postnatal, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant and oxidant status (TAS, TOS, and OSI) levels were determined. A significant increase in female offspring was observed in the groups born to mice fed with BA compared to the control group. Positive development in organ weights was observed in the 250-ppm BA group. The 250-ppm group exhibited a significant increase in TAS compared to the control group, while TOS and MDA levels showed a decrease. Also, the levels of BA groups were found to decrease in both the OSI index serum and organ samples compared to the control group. Thus, the use of 250-ppm BA demonstrated positive effects on female offspring production, organ development, and antioxidant levels., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Abdominal surgery such as ovariectomy is a traumatic event that can cause oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentration of serotonin in relation to ovariectomy-induced oxidative stress in dogs undergoing general anesthesia. Thirty-two female dogs, under general anesthesia, received meloxicam before surgery (0.2 mgkg -1 SC) and after surgery (0.1 mgkg -1 OS every 24 h). The physiological, hematological, and biochemical parameters: glycemia, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, albumin and BUN were evaluated. Oxidative stress was determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) assay, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChe) at baseline, 36 and 48 h after the last administration of meloxicam. Serotonin (5-HT) concentration was also evaluated at baseline, 36 and 48 h after the last administration of meloxicam. Responses to surgical stimulus were evaluated. Physiological and hematological parameters they fell within the normal ranges for anesthetized dogs. Glycemia increased, albumin levels decreased after surgery. No rescue analgesia was required. MDA and 5-HT concentrations significantly increased from the baseline at 36 and 48 h after surgery ( p  < .001). 5-HT levels could be used as an indicator for oxidative stress induced by surgery and it might be employed for objectively quantifying the well-being of the surgical patient.

Background: Monobenzyl ether hydroquinone (MEBHQ) is a cream that promotes the spread and evenness of skin patches in vitiligo. Our aim was to investigate the oxidative and inflammatory effects of this cream on vitiligo patients consuming MEBHQ., Methods: A case-control study was conducted with three groups of 30 people from the control group, vitiligo patients before and after treatment. The percentage of vitiligo spots was determined by a specialist doctor. The levels of biochemical factors, oxidative stress profile and inflammatory factors were measured by enzymatic, colorimetric and ELISA methods, respectively., Results: Vitiligo patients showed a high level of inflammation and oxidative stress compared to healthy people. Although after 3 months of using MBEHQ cream, the percentage of skin spots in vitiligo patients increased from an average of 63%-91% and the skin color became almost uniform, but it still increased the level of oxidative stress and inflammation in these patients. Although the level of oxidative stress increased significantly in these patients, there was no significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde. The lack of significant differences in the levels of biochemical factors between healthy people and vitiligo patients before and after using the treatment shows the absence of side effects., Conclusion: The use of MBEHQ increased the size of skin spots and uneven skin color in vitiligo patients. Although MBEHQ did not show side effects such as diabetes, liver and kidney diseases, it increased the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, which needs further study., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder characterized by chronic inflammation, anatomical changes, prolonged pain, and infertility. On the other hand, Phyllanthus niruri is recognized for its pharmacological effects, which might be beneficial in managing endometriosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacological effects of P. niruri as a potential therapy for endometriosis by using an animal model. An experimental laboratory study with randomized, controlled trial, pre-test, and post-test design using 40 female Wistar rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) was conducted at the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from February to June 2023. Endometriosis was induced in female Wistar rats by suturing a 1.5 cm 2 flap from the uterine horn to the peritoneal cavity. Changes in serum interleukin 1β (IL-1β), malondialdehyde (MDA), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), before and after the treatment, were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were used to evaluate lesion size and macrophage quantity. The results suggested that the P. niruri extract with a dose of 196 mg/200 g body weight (BW) could significantly attenuate serum IL-1β ( p  = 0.004), MMP-9 ( p  = 0.021), and MDA ( p  = 0.021). Rats receiving the P. niruri extract (196 mg/200 g BW) had significantly higher macrophage counts ( p  = 0.003), but similar lesion area ( p  = 0.093) as compared with the negative control. In conclusion, P. niruri demonstrated promising therapeutical effects on endometriosis by modulating IL-1β, MDA, and MMP-9 levels, although the effect was not pronounced on macrophage counts and lesion area., Competing Interests: All the authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

The impact of the environment on human health in modern conditions cannot be underestimated. The study of thepathogenesis of disease is impossible without establishing the factors of destabilization of biological membranes.The article highlighted the problem of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense associated with the accumulationof radiocesium in the placenta., Objective: to determine the biochemical markers of miscarriage associated with the accumulation of 137Cs in the placenta., Materials and Methods: According to the research design, pregnant women were divided into groups. Group 1included 153 women with reproductive losses in anamnesis and signs of termination of the current pregnancy.Group 2 (control) included 30 women with an uncomplicated pregnancy and medical history. The women of Group1 were divided into subgroups: 1a - in which the pregnancy ended with timely delivery, despite threatening signsof termination; 1b - pregnancy ended in late premature birth; 1c - pregnancy ended in early premature birth.Accumulation of 137Cs with different activity was detected in the placentas of both groups by β-spectrometry. Theeffect of 137Cs is the activation of free radical processes. The strength of oxidative stress was studied by the contentof diene conjugates (DC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood. The antioxidant capacity was determined by theactivity of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Biochemical studies were performed using a spectrophotometer «Specol-11» (Germany)., Results: The increase of DC in the 1st trimester by 2.25 times, in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters by 1.25 and 1.5 times indicates the activation of free radical reactions. The trigger for late preterm births is an increase in MDA in the 1sttrimester by 17.4 %. An increase in MDA by 23.4 % in the 1st trimester indicates the risk of early premature birth andintrauterine death of the fetus. A decrease in the activity of SOD in the 1st trimester by 13.0 % can be a predictor ofpremature birth. Decreased activity of SOD by 18.2 % in the 1st trimester indicates decompensation of adaptationmechanisms. As a result of oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of 137Cs in the placenta, the activity of GSTdecreases almost 2 times. In the 1st trimester, catalase activity in the blood of pregnant women of the 1b and 1csubgroups was reduced by 39.2 % and 44.9 %. The dynamics of catalase in the 2nd trimester indicate the activationof adaptive reactions. After 25 weeks, catalase activity is inhibited in pregnant women of subgroups 1b and 1c dueto depletion of antioxidant protection mechanisms. The activity of 137Cs in the placenta above 4.5 Bq/kg causesdepletion of antioxidant mechanisms, which is confirmed by persistent inhibition of catalase and SOD activityagainst the background of high levels of DC and MDA in the blood. Critical for pregnancy is the activity of 137Cs inthe placenta above 10.4 Bq/kg., Conclusions: The accumulation of 137Cs in the placenta leads to the activation of lipid peroxidation beyond thecapacity of the antioxidant system. Extreme effects depend on the 137Cs activity and placenta compensatory ability.Indicators of MDA, DC, SOD, and catalase are prognostic regarding the power of oxidative stress and pregnancyscenarios., (A. A. Zhyvetska-Denysova, I. I. Vorobiova, L. A. Lozova, O. V. Shamaieva, S. K. Stryzhak.)

Infections of the nervous system, such as acute bacterial meningitis, pose serious health problems that require immediate intervention. In experimental animals, exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used to induce meningitis. Aside from drug intervention to reduce inflammation in meningitis, aerobic exercise helps to maintain the regulatory mechanisms of brain homeostasis through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), apoptosis, and spatial memory. A four-week experimental study was conducted using 18 rats, which were randomly divided into three different groups (six rats per group): healthy rats as negative controls (non-meningitis), a treatment group treated with antibiotic treatment (meningitis group), and a third group (aerobic exercise group) treated with antibiotics and aerobic exercise following LPS-induced meningitis. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and the comparison between groups used the Bonferroni post-hoc test. The results showed that aerobic exercise significantly reduced MDA ( p <0.001), NF-κB ( p =0.035), and apoptosis ( p =0.020) while increasing the serum levels of IGF-1 ( p <0.001), eNOS ( p =0.011), and BDNF ( p =0.001) levels. Improvement in spatial memory was significant in the aerobic exercise group ( p <0.001). This study suggested that aerobic exercise could be a promising adjunct therapy in meningitis management strategies, particularly due to its effect on improving spatial memory. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings for clinical use., Competing Interests: All the authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is distinguished by an inflammatory reaction and the presence of oxidative stress (OS), which has consequences for overall health. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and malondialdehyde (MDA) serve as markers of inflammation and OS, respectively. Analyzing the alterations in their reaction to periodontal therapy can provide valuable insights into the management and monitoring of CP progression. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NST) on IL-1β and MDA levels in the serum and saliva of CP patients and explore their correlation with clinical periodontal indices post-therapy. There were 60 participants in this research, aged 33 to 50, equally split between thirty periodontally healthy controls and 30 patients with CP. Measures were taken of the clinical periodontal parameters, including the bleeding index, probing pocket depth, gingival index, and plaque index. Saliva and blood samples were collected for IL-1β and MDA analysis using ELISA and spectrophotometrically. CP patients received scaling and root planning (SRP) as part of phase I periodontal therapy, and after six weeks, we reevaluated clinical parameters and IL-1β and MDA levels. In CP patients, both saliva and serum IL-1β and MDA levels significantly increased alongside worsening clinical periodontal parameters compared with periodontally healthy individuals. phase I periodontal therapy led to a notable decrease in both saliva and serum IL-1β and MDA levels, accompanied by improvements in clinical parameters. Additionally, following six weeks of scale and root planning treatment, our data showed a strong positive relationship between salivary IL-1β and MDA levels with PPD and CAL. SRP therapy is effective in managing periodontal health, as evidenced by a significant decrease in clinical parameters and biomarker levels after treatment for CP patients. This suggests that salivary IL-1β and MDA may be useful biomarkers for indicating the severity of periodontal disease and the effectiveness of treatment.

Dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease, presents a major clinical challenge, and researchers are still searching for an optimal animal model. To address this gap, we compared male and ovariectomized female C57BL/6 mice treated with 30 mg/kg aftin-4, which induces neurodegeneration, with naturally aged (15-16 months old) mice not treated with aftin-4. We performed a series of behavioral tests; measured postmortem plasma β-amyloid levels (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42) and the levels of the oxidative stress indicators glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA); and evaluated astrocytic reactivity in the brain using glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) levels. Our results revealed no behavioral changes in the aged or aftin-4-treated mice compared with the control mice. Aftin-4 mice presented lower brain MDA levels and no detectable changes in plasma Aβ levels. In general, female mice had higher GPx and SOD levels and lower Aβ1-42 levels than male mice did. In contrast, aged and aftin-4-treated male mice presented elevated levels of GFAP, indicating astrocyte damage. Our results could not confirm that either aftin-4-treated or aged mice are reliable models for dementia. However, the observed molecular changes suggest that male animals may be more susceptible to oxidative stress and brain damage than females are. This study demonstrates the complexity of modeling dementia in animals and the importance of future studies in this area., Competing Interests: Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Twenty Crossbred (Baladi× Brown-Swiss) male growing-calves, 6 to 8 months old, weighing an average of 115 to 125 kg were subjected for evaluating ZADO supplementary effects on blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, thyroid activity, and growth efficiency of calves under semi-arid conditions. The experimental units were pinned equally in two groups. The control (G1) fed the basal ration, and the 2nd, treatment group (G2) fed the basal ration + a daily supplement of 10 g ZADO (exogenous enzymes) calf - 1 day - 1 in a powder form mixed well with ration. The results showed that ZADO treatment reduced (P < 0.001) each of respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), serum malondialdehyde (MDA), urea, creatinine, and cortisol. Also, caused a marked decline in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. However, supplemented ZADO to growing calves diets improved antioxidant status including reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, total antioxidant capacity, serum total protein, albumin, and globulin, as well as IgG and IgM besides. ZADO enhanced (P < 0.01) thyroid activity, and feed efficacy parameters. Finally, supplementing growing calves with ZADO under semi-arid circumstances alleviates the heat stress effect, and leads to an improvement in calves' growth performance., Competing Interests: Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Consent for publication Not applicable., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Aim: Elevated levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream, also referred to as hypercholesterolemia, pose a significant risk for the onset of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Oxysterols, cholesterol-derived oxidized compounds that form enzymatically or non-enzymatically, contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. This study aimed to examine the critical oxysterol levels in children and adolescents with hypercholesterolemia and explore the correlation between these levels, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis progression., Materials and Methods: The study included 20 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and 20 healthy individuals aged between 6 and 18 years. Participants were categorized into children (6-9 years) and adolescents (10-18 years). Pediatric and adolescent patients were selected from among subjects with LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL and diagnosed with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) based on the presence of mutations in the LDL receptor (LDL-R) gene. Patients with HeFH who were receiving regular atorvastatin therapy were included in the study., Results: There were no notable differences in catalase and paraoxonase (PON1) activities among the groups. However, the patient group displayed substantially higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P = 0.0108) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P = 0.0103). Compared to the healthy control group, serum chitotriosidase (CHITO) activity (P = 0.037) and chitinase 3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) levels (P = 0.0027) were significantly elevated in the patient group. Furthermore, the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements of the patient group were significantly greater than those of the healthy group (**P < 0.0001****). The patient group exhibited significantly elevated levels of 5,6-α-epoxycholesterol, Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (C-triol), and 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), whereas 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) was significantly more abundant in the healthy group. On the other hand, while 27-OHC/Total cholesterol (Total-C) levels were significantly higher in healthy individuals, the C-Triol/Total-C ratio was significantly higher in patients. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of 7-KC/Total-C and 5,6-α-epoxycholesterol/Total-C levels., Conclusion: This study highlights the key roles of oxysterols, oxidative stress, and macrophage activation in the development of atherosclerosis in pediatric and adolescent patients with FH. Elevated C-Triol levels in FH patients, alongside increased CIMT, point to early vascular changes despite atorvastatin therapy. In contrast, higher 27-OHC levels in healthy controls suggest differential oxysterol regulation due to cholesterol-lowering treatments in FH patients. C-Triol and 27-OHC/Total-C ratios showed potential as biomarkers to distinguish patients with FH. These findings emphasize the need for therapies targeting oxidative stress and macrophage activation in addition to cholesterol-lowering interventions., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Ege University Faculty of Medicine (Ethics Committee Approval No: 20-8T/31). Written informed consent was obtained from the legal guardian, and the child provided assent. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Gossypetin (GTIN) is a naturally occurring flavonoid recognised for its pharmacological properties. This study examined the effects of GTIN on cardiovascular function in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model, which has not been previously studied. Pre-diabetes was induced using a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet supplemented with 15% fructose water for 20 weeks. Thereafter, the pre-diabetic animals were sub-divided into five groups ( n = 6), where they were either orally treated with GTIN (15 mg/kg) or metformin (MET) (500 mg/kg), both in the presence and absence of dietary intervention for 12 weeks. The results demonstrated that the pre-diabetic (PD) control group exhibited significantly higher plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein levels, along with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in comparison to the non-pre-diabetic (NPD) group. This was accompanied by significantly higher mean arterial pressure (MAP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and plasma endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) levels in PD control. Additionally, there were increased heart malondialdehyde levels, reduced heart superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity as well as increased plasma interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha and c-reactive protein levels present in the PD control group. Notably, both GTIN-treated groups showed significantly reduced plasma lipid levels and increased HDL, as well as decreases in MAP, BMI, WC and eNOS levels in comparison to PD control. Additionally, GTIN significantly decreased heart lipid peroxidation, enhanced antioxidant activity and decreased plasma inflammation markers. These findings may suggest that GTIN administration in both the presence and absence of dietary intervention may offer therapeutic potential in ameliorating cardiovascular disturbances associated with the PD state. However, future studies are needed to determine the physiological mechanisms by which GTIN improves cardiovascular function in the PD state.

Objective: This study aims to explore the role of estrogen in providing cardioprotective benefits to premenopausal women, examining how hormonal differences between sexes influence the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in women., Materials and Methods: Eighteen female Wistar rats were equally distributed into three treatment groups. Animals in Group I (sham-operated) and Group II (ovariectomized [OVX]) received oral saline solution at a dose of 2 mL/kg. Group III (OVX+E 2 ) received oral E 2 2 µg/mL/kg after ovariectomy. Hemodynamic parameters and baroreflex sensitivity were determined in all groups. Plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured, along with those of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1)., Results: The OVX group, compared with the sham-operated group, displayed significantly altered hemodynamic parameters and baroreflex sensitivity, along with elevated MDA levels and decreased SOD and NO levels. This group also had higher levels of inflammatory cytokines than the sham-operated group. In the absence of estrogen, these factors led to the advancement of cardiovascular abnormalities. In the OVX+E 2 group, estrogen treatment considerably improved baroreflex sensitivity and hemodynamic profile while reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines compared with the OVX group, demonstrating anti-inflammatory actions of estrogen., Conclusion: Estrogen mediates cardioprotection by improving baroreflex sensitivity in ovariectomized Wistar rats through modulation of the NO pathway., Competing Interests: Disclosure: no potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

In postmenopausal women, due to endocrine changes, there is an increase in oxidative stress (OS) that predisposes them to cardiovascular and metabolic alterations. Sixty-one percent of women in this stage require a primary therapeutic strategy to decrease OS. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol and vitamin C on OS in postmenopausal women. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was carried out. Forty-six postmenopausal women with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR > 2.5) were included and divided into three treatment groups: group A: resveratrol, n = 13; group B: resveratrol + vitamin C, n = 15; and group C: vitamin C, n = 14. Between before and after the antioxidants, group B showed a decrease of 33% in lipohydroperoxides ( p = 0.02), and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by 26% ( p = 0.0007), 32% ( p = 0.0001), and 38% ( p = 0.0001) in groups A-C, respectively. For protein damage, group B is the most representative, with a decrease of 39% ( p = 0.0001). For total antioxidant capacity (TAC), there were significant increases of 30% and 28% in groups B and C, respectively. For HOMA-IR, there were no significant differences among the study groups. Supplementation with this combination of antioxidants significantly decreases markers of OS in postmenopausal women. In addition, it increases TAC by up to 30%.

Introduction: Testicular cancer is a significant malignancy affecting males, and understanding the underlying biochemical changes associated with the disease is essential for improved management and treatment strategies. Prolidase enzyme, has been implicated in various disease processes. The assessment of serum prolidase activity and its relationship with testicular cancer can provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with testicular cancer and evaluate their potential associations, aiming to enhance our understanding of the biochemical alterations and potential implications for testicular cancer management., Methods: A total of 33 male patients diagnosed with testicular cancer were included, along with 35 age-matched male volunteers as the control group. Serum samples were collected and stored at -20°C until analysis. The measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and prolidase levels was performed., Results: The findings demonstrated significantly elevated serum prolidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in testicular cancer patients compared to the control group (all, p  < 0.05). Conversely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were significantly lower in testicular cancer patients ( p  < 0.05)., Conclusion: In this study, serum prolidase activity and biochemical markers associated with oxidative stress were investigated in testicular cancer patients. Oxidative stress markers and serum prolidase activity were found to be elevated in testicular cancer. Long-term prospective studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of antioxidant use in cancer treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation are the key features of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, studies that explored redox homeostasis parameters in relation to T2D show discrepant results. Accordingly, we aimed to examine the potential reliability of oxidative stress biomarkers [ i.e., determined by malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and catalase (CAT)] in addition to traditional cardiometabolic parameters in relation to T2D in female cohort. Methods: A total of 214 women (of them 40.6% T2D) were consecutively recruited in the study. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed to determine the adequate number of factors consisting of anthropometric, traditional cardiometabolic and redox status markers. Results: MDA and AOPP concentrations were lower, but CAT activity was higher in T2D group as compared with controls ( P < 0.001, P = 0.002, P < 0.001). Traditional markers related factor ( i.e., with positive loading of waist circumference, triglycerides, uric acid, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and negative loadings of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) was found to be independently related with T2D in multivariate binary regression analysis, whereas oxidative stress related factor ( i.e., with positive loading of MDA and AOPP) lost its independent prediction after adjustment for confounding factors ( i.e., age, menopausal status, antihypertensive, and hypolipemic therapies). Increased Traditional markers related factor was associated with more than three times higher probability for T2D onset (OR = 3.319, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Oxidative stress biomarkers, i.e., MDA, AOPP, and CAT are not superior over traditional cardiometabolic markers in relation to T2D in female population. Future studies with both gender included are needed to confirm such results.

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is an important disease group with risks such as maternal bleeding, hysterectomy, and death, which expresses the pathological adhesion of the placenta to the uterine myometrium, including placenta accreta, increta, and percreta, with an increased incidence with an increase in cesarean section rates. In this study, we aimed to investigate the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 (Keap1) pathway in these patients. Serum Sestrin 2, Nrf2, Keap1, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) levels were performed by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. In the findings obtained, Nrf2, Keap1, GSK-3ß, MDA-LDL levels, SOD and GSH-Px activities were statistically significantly different in the patient group compared to the control group. While MDA-LDL values were found to be high in the patient group, Nrf2, Keap1, GSK-3ß levels, SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly lower, except for Sestrin 2 values. In addition, when grouped according to the degree of invasion, Nrf2 levels were found to be lower and Keap1 levels higher. As a result, it was determined that the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway was disrupted in PAS patients, and the oxidant/antioxidant balance was impaired in the oxidant direction. The results show that Nrf2 and Keap1 parameters can be useful in determining the degree of placental invasion., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Research Question: Can atorvastatin, with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, improve ovarian function and follicular reserve in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)?, Design: In this experimental study, 24 adult female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control; POI; POI + atorvastatin; and atorvastatin. After treatment with atorvastatin, serum concentrations of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, malondialdehyde, FSH, oestradiol, anti-Müllerian hormone, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 were evaluated. Additionally, mRNA and protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and VEGF-A; number of follicles; and total volume of the ovary, and volumes of the cortex and medulla were examined., Results: The results showed that serum concentrations of total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.001), glutathione, oestradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone (P < 0.05); mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF-A (P < 0.05); number of primordial and primary follicles (P < 0.001), and preantral and antral follicles (P < 0.01); and total volume of the ovary, and volume of the cortex (P < 0.05) increased significantly in the POI + atorvastatin group compared with the POI group. Serum concentrations of malondialdehyde, FSH, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6; and mRNA and protein expression of Bax decreased significantly in the POI + atorvastatin group compared with the POI group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Atorvastatin reduces the detrimental effects of cyclophosphamide in the POI model significantly by reducing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines; regulating the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and VEGF-A; and improving ovarian function and follicular reserve., (Copyright © 2024 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Achieving first complete remission with induction chemotherapy (ICT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) correlates with patient's prognosis. This study aimed to determine the correlation between oxidative stress and the outcome of ICT in AML patients., Methods: A total of 195 AML patients underwent initial ICT at the Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from 06-11-2018 to 12-30-2023. Three weeks after ICT, patients were divided into two groups, CR (complete remission) and PR (partial remission), by detecting blood parameters and bone marrow cells. Serum oxidative stress-related factors, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) activities or levels were measured to assess the diagnostic value of these factors as a means of diagnosing the efficacy of ICT in patients. Factors affecting PR after initial ICT were analyzed., Results: Patients in the PR group had higher levels of oxidative stress three weeks after initial ICT. Compared with the CR group, patients in the PR group had elevated levels of MDA and GDF15 and reduced activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC. Serum MDA levels (AUC 0.709; 95% CI. 0.618 - 0.781) and the combination of multiple indicators (AUC 0.791; 95% CI. 704 - 0.851) had diagnostic value for the efficacy of AML patients undergoing ICT. Serum MDA and GDF15 exceeding cutoff values were risk factors for PR in AML patients undergoing ICT, as were serum SOD and T-AOC below cutoff values. Preoperative malnutrition was associated with PR in patients., Conclusions: Serum oxidative stress-related factors in AML patients are helpful in detecting the efficacy of ICT. Oxidative stress in response to ICT is useful for characterizing the efficacy in AML patients after ICT.

Introduction: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common inherited enzyme disorder in red blood cell (RBC). Due to the importance of G6PD enzyme as an antioxidant in RBC, we tried to investigate the oxidative damage in red cell concentrates (RCCs) prepared from donors with G6PD enzyme deficiency in comparison with healthy donors., Material Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 male donors. Ten of the donors had G6PD deficiency (as a case) and the others had normal enzyme activity (as a control). Biochemical and oxidative damage parameters were examined in RCCs prepared from two groups on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of RCCs storage; data comparison was analyzed by SPSS statistical software., Results: According to the result, lactate concentration increased significantly from the 7th day to the 35th day of RCC storage in G6PD-deficient donors compared to the control (P < 0.05). In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in G6PD-deficient RCC showed a significant increase compared to the control in all days of storage (P < 0.05). Among the hematological parameters, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) increased significantly in all days of RCC storage in G6PD-deficient donors compared to the control (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Our study showed that oxidative changes in G6PD-deficient donors were significantly increased compared to the healthy donors, which probably leads to RCC storage lesion and an increase in blood transfusion complications. Due to the high prevalence of G6PD enzyme deficiency in pandemic areas, it seems that enzyme screening should be included in donor screening programs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Society francophone de transfusion sanguine (SFTS). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Transfusion dependent β-thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder characterized by chronic anaemia. Blood transfusion is lifesaving but comes at a cost. Iron overload emerges as a prime culprit as a free radicals damage endothelial cells. Chronic anaemia further disrupts oxygen delivery, exacerbating the oxidative stress. Increased levels of met-haemoglobin and malondialdehyde compromise endothelial function. This research sheds light on the impact of met-haemoglobin and oxidative stress on endothelial function in 50 patients with transfusion dependent β-thalassemia major compared to 50 healthy individuals as control. Blood samples were collected & subjected to CBC, biochemical analysis including creatinine, ferritin, CRP, LDH, and HCV antibodies. Oxidative stress was assessed using met-haemoglobin & malondialdehyde. Endothelial dysfunction was evaluated by endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX). EASIX, met-haemoglobin and malondialdehyde were significantly increased in patients (1.44 ± 0.75, 2.07 ± 0.2, 4.8 ± 0.63; respectively) compared to the control (0.52 ± 0.24,0.88 ± 0.34,0.8 ± 0.34; respectively). Significant strong positive correlation was found between EASIX and met-haemoglobin, malondialdehyde, serum ferritin and CRP (P = 0.00, r = 0.904, P = 0.00, r = 0.948, P = 0.00, r = 0.772, P = 0.00, r = 0.971; respectively. Met-haemoglobin as well as EASIX should be routinely estimated to assess endothelial function especially before the decision of splenectomy. Antioxidant drugs should be supplemented., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Biological aging is a complex process influenced by various factors, including reproductive status and castration. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of castration on biological aging in dogs., Method: Fifteen male crossbred dogs were randomly divided into a sham-operation control group (n = 5) and a castrated group (n = 10). Blood samples were collected at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 18 post-surgery. Malondialdehyde (MDA as indicator of Lipid peroxidation), C-reactive protein (as an indicator of inflammation), telomere length, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and the expression of age-related (P16, P21, TBX2) and telomerase-related (TERT) genes were assessed in blood samples., Results: Plasma MDA levels were higher in the control group at weeks 16 and 18, while CRP levels were higher only at week 18. Telomere length and mtDNA copy number were lower in the control group at week 18. Gene expression analysis showed that P16 was lower in the control group at weeks 8 and 12, P21 and TERT were lower at weeks 16 and 18, and TBX2 was lower at weeks 16 and 18. The TBX2/P16 ratio was lower in the control group at weeks 16 and 18 but higher at week 12, while the TBX2/P21 ratio did not differ between groups., Conclusion: Castration appears to have a protective effect against biological aging in dogs, as evidenced by lower lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and age-related changes in telomere length, mtDNA copy number, and gene expression., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Ferroptosis, a lipid peroxidation- and iron-mediated type of regulated cell death, relates to both neuroinflammation, which is common in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and neurodegeneration, which is prevalent in progressive (P)MS. Currently, findings related to the molecular markers proposed in this paper in patients are scarce. We analyzed circulatory molecular indicators of the main ferroptosis-related processes, comprising lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and hexanoyl-lysine adduct (HEL)), glutathione-related antioxidant defense (total glutathione (reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG)) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)), and iron metabolism (iron, transferrin and ferritin) to estimate their contributions to the clinical manifestation of MS and differences between RRMS and PMS disease course. In 153 patients with RRMS and 69 with PMS, plasma/serum lipid peroxidation indicators and glutathione were quantified using ELISA and colorimetric reactions, respectively. Iron serum concentrations were determined using spectrophotometry, and transferrin and ferritin were determined using immunoturbidimetry. Compared to those with RRMS, patients with PMS had decreased 4-HNE (median, 1368.42 vs. 1580.17 pg/mL; p = 0.03). Interactive effects of MS course (RRMS/PMS) and disease-modifying therapy status on MDA ( p = 0.009) and HEL ( p = 0.02) levels were detected. In addition, the interaction of disease course and self-reported fatigue revealed significant impacts on 4-HNE levels ( p = 0.01) and the GSH/GSSG ratio ( p = 0.04). The results also show an association of MS course ( p = 0.03) and EDSS ( p = 0.04) with GSH levels. No significant changes were observed in the serum concentrations of iron metabolism indicators between the two patient groups ( p > 0.05). We suggest circulatory 4-HNE as an important parameter related to differences between RRMS and PMS. Significant interactions of MS course and other clinically relevant parameters with changes in redox processes associated with ferroptosis support the further investigation of MS with a larger sample while taking into account both circulatory and central nervous system estimation.

In India, tobacco (nicotine) addiction among youth has increased, leading to substantial socioeconomic burdens, mortality, and morbidity. While minimal short-term nicotine consumption may have antioxidant effects, chronic exposure results in various adverse health outcomes. This study examines the impact of chronic nicotine consumption on cellular oxidative stress and psychological stress, and their correlation with Homocysteine (Hcy) levels in unemployed tobacco consumers. This case-control study included 156 healthy, educated, unemployed male volunteers aged 20-40 years, divided into nicotine-addicted (n = 80) and non-addicted (n = 76) groups. Psychological stress was assessed using perceived stress scales (PSS) and coping self-efficacy (CSE) scales. Oxidative stress markers, including Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Catalase, were measured. Hcy levels were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nicotine-addicted participants exhibited significantly higher perceived stress (p = 0.0001) and lower coping self-efficacy (p = 0.0001) compared to non-addicted individuals. MDA levels in erythrocytes were significantly increased (p = 0.0006), while SOD (p = 0.0001) and Catalase (p = 0.02) activities were significantly decreased in the addicted group. Nicotine intake influenced Hcy concentrations, with 55% of addicted individuals falling into moderate, 27.5% into intermediate, and 7.5% into severe Hcy categories. Chronic nicotine intake also reflected the hematological parameters (WBCs, RBCs, HGB, and Platelets). Chronic tobacco consumption induces oxidative stress and perceived psychological stress, leading to elevated Hcy levels in nicotine consumers. The study highlights the detrimental effects of nicotine addiction on cellular defensive mechanisms, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address this growing health issue among unemployed Indian youth., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) adducts lead to generation of anti-MAA autoantibodies and have been independently identified in inflamed periodontal and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) tissues. This study evaluates serum samples from RA cases and osteoarthritis (OA) controls to quantify associations between periodontal clinical measures, alveolar bone loss (ABL), and anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis, anti-Prevotella intermedia, and anti-Fusobacterium nucleatum antibody concentrations with anti-MAA antibody concentrations., Methods: Participants (n = 284 RA cases, n = 330 OA controls) underwent periodontal clinical assessments and ABL measurements. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM anti-MAA and serum IgG antibacterial antibody concentrations were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analyses utilized simple linear regression and multivariable adjusted models., Results: No significant associations of periodontal clinical measures with serum anti-MAA were found. Moderate (p = 0.038 and p = 0.036, respectively) and high ABL (p = 0.012 and p = 0.014, respectively) in RA cases (but not in OA) were positively associated with IgG and IgM anti-MAA. Anti-P. gingivalis and anti-P. intermedia antibody concentrations were positively associated with IgA (p = 0.001 for both), IgG (p = 0.007 and p = 0.034, respectively), and IgM anti-MAA antibody concentrations (p < 0.001 and p = 0.020, respectively), while anti-F. nucleatum was positively associated with IgG anti-MAA (p = 0.042), findings that were similar across groups., Conclusions: A positive association was demonstrated between ABL and serum IgG and IgM anti-MAA antibody concentrations that was unique to RA and not observed in OA. Serum anti-P. gingivalis, anti-P. intermedia, and anti-F. nucleatum antibody concentrations displayed significant associations with anti-MAA antibody in both groups. These findings suggest MAA may play a role in the interrelationship between the periodontium and RA., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Periodontology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Academy of Periodontology.)

Background: This experimental study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of lidocaine on ischemia-reperfusion injury resulting from testicular torsion/detorsion in rats., Methods: A total of 18 male rats were randomized into three groups. Group 1 served as the control group. Group 2 was designed to evaluate testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury using a torsion/detorsion model. In Group 3, the treatment group, a similar ischemia-reperfusion model was used as in Group 2. Additionally, lidocaine at a dose of 15 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally five minutes before reperfusion. Blood biochemical analyses and testicular histopathological evaluations were conducted., Results: Blood biochemical analysis showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels were significantly higher in Group 2 compared to the other groups (p<0.001 and p=0.008, respectively). Proinflammatory cytokine levels, including interleu-kin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), were lower in Group 3 than in Group 2 (p<0.001, p=0.007, and p=0.026, respectively). Antioxidant enzyme activities, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were higher in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (p=0.005 and p=0.025, respectively). Histopathological evaluations revealed significant improvements in all testicular damage scores, including hemorrhage, edema, vasocongestion, and inflammation in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (p=0.015, p=0.035, p=0.015, and p=0.034, respectively). Additionally, there was a notable improvement in the Johnsen score in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (p=0.034)., Conclusion: Lidocaine, an effective local anesthetic, significantly alleviates the effects of testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to have a regulatory effect on oxidative and inflammatory processes. This study aimed to identify the relationship between blood PUFA status and circulatory markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in a cohort of 172 subjects. The population was divided by sex and into three age groups: adults (18-64 years old, n = 69), older adults (65-89 years old, n = 54), and long-lived individuals (LLIs, 90-111 years old, n = 49). Whole blood PUFA content was quantified using gas chromatography. Additionally, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), paraoxonase (PON), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Our results showed that a higher omega-3 (n-3) index in adult females was a predictor of lower MDA concentrations (p = 0.038). Conversely, total n-3 PUFA and total n-6 PUFA were positively related to MDA values among older adult females and LLI men (p < 0.05), while total n-6 PUFA was inversely correlated with MDA levels in LLI females (p < 0.05). Interestingly, increased concentrations of total n-3 PUFA and n-3 index were positively correlated with higher TEAC values in LLI men (p = 0.007), while the arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio was inversely correlated with TEAC values among LLI females (p = 0.006). These findings suggest that cellular antioxidant capacity is inversely correlated with changes in the AA/EPA ratio in long-lived females, whereas n-3 PUFA may enhance blood antioxidant capacity in long-lived men. Overall, our study highlights the complex, sex-specific interactions between PUFA profiles and oxidative stress and inflammatory markers across different age groups., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Carbonyl stress, a metabolic state characterized by elevated production of reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs), is closely related to oxidative stress and has been implicated in various diseases. This study aims to investigate carbonyl stress parameters in drug-free bipolar disorder (BD) patients compared to healthy controls, explore their relationship with clinical features, and assess the effect of treatment on these parameters., Methods: Patients with a primary diagnosis of a manic episode of BD and healthy controls were recruited. Exclusion criteria included intellectual disability, presence of neurological diseases, chronic medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, and clinical signs of inflammation. Levels of serum carbonyl stress parameters were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography., Results: Levels of glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) did not differ between pre- and post-treatment patients, but malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased significantly post-treatment. Pre-treatment MGO and MDA levels were higher in patients compared to controls, and these differences persisted post-treatment. After adjusting for BMI and waist circumference, only MDA levels remained significantly higher in patients compared to controls., Limitations: The study's limitations include the exclusion of female patients, which precluded any assessment of potential gender differences, and the lack of analysis of the effect of specific mood stabilizers or antipsychotic drugs., Conclusions: This study is the first to focus on carbonyl stress markers in BD, specifically GO, MGO, and MDA. MDA levels remained significantly higher in patients, suggesting a potential role in BD pathophysiology. MGO levels were influenced by metabolic parameters, indicating a potential link to neurotoxicity in BD. Further research with larger cohorts is needed to better understand the role of RCCs in BD and their potential as therapeutic targets., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study investigates the potential of vitamin C (VC) and/or betaine (Bet) to enhance growth performance, regulate serum metabolism, and bolster antioxidant function aiming to mitigate the impact of heat stress (HS) on broilers. Two hundred Ross 308 broilers at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to five groups. The control group, housed at 24 ± 1℃, was fed a basal diet. High-temperature treatment groups, housed at 32 ± 1℃, received a basal diet with 0 (HS group), 250 mg/kg VC (HSVC group), 1000 mg/kg Bet (HSBe group), and 250 mg/kg VC + 1000 mg/kg Bet (HSVCBe group). On day 42, assessments were made on growth performance, muscle quality, serum biochemistry, and antioxidant function. Results revealed that HS significantly lowered (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), the degree of redness (a*) in muscles, and serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) level. It also reduced (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG), and serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level, while increasing (P < 0.05) shear force, serum direct bilirubin (D-BIL), uric acid (UA), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared with the control group. Dietary supplementation of VC and Bet, either alone or in combination, significantly decreased shear force and serum UA level, while increasing ADG and serum T-AOC, T-SOD level compared with the HS group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of VC and/or Bet to the diet proves effective in enhancing the growth performance of HS-exposed broilers through the positive regulation of serum chemical metabolism and the alleviation of oxidative damage., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to International Society of Biometeorology.)

In industrialized farms, rabbit does undergo intensive production rhythms which overlap lactation and gestation, leading to a high energy mobilization and increasing oxidative stress. Accordingly, we hypothesize that administration of the flavonoid quercetin (QUR) may improve the antioxidant status of young and adult rabbit reproductive females. In this study, the effect of daily oral administration of 300 mg/kg QUR for 8 weeks was assessed on the antioxidant profile of 24 New Zealand × Californian rabbit does, assigned to 4 experimental groups: rearing young (8-16 weeks old) and adult does at the end of their reproductive life (12-14 months old, with at least 3-4 reproductive cycles) treated (YQ and AQ) or not (YC and AC) with QUR, respectively. Plasma glutathione (GSH), as well as serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured during the experimental period. To assess the health status of the animals, a physical examination was also performed. GSH plasma concentrations were significantly higher in young does at weeks 1 and 4, but not at week 8 of the experiment, irrespectively of QUR administration. An increase in GSH plasma concentration was observed during the 8-week experiment in both AQ and AC groups. Furthermore, QUR administration did not alter either SOD or MDA serum activity and concentration in any group during the experimental period. Physical examination revealed no differences between the experimental groups. In conclusion, under our experimental conditions, QUR did not modify the general clinical or the antioxidant profile of young and adult reproductive rabbit females., (© 2024 The Author(s). Reproduction in Domestic Animals published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: The function of olive oil polyphenols in suppressing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is well-known in Europeans. However, it remains unclear whether olive oil polyphenols exert antioxidant effects in Japanese people., Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine whether the ingestion of olive oil polyphenols suppresses LDL oxidation in the Japanese population and whether this effect depends on age., Methods: This randomized controlled double-blind crossover trial with a 2-week washout enrolled 80 healthy Japanese men aged 35-64 years. Participants ingested either 14 g of extra virgin olive oil containing 5.0 mg of olive oil polyphenols (test food) or 14 g of refined olive oil containing 0.3 mg of olive oil polyphenols (control food) for 3 weeks. The primary outcome was oxidized LDL (malondialdehyde-modified LDL; MDA-LDL). Subgroup analyses based on age (35-50 and 51-64 years) were also performed., Results: In all of the participants (35-64 years), there were no significant differences in MDA-LDL between the control and test groups. However, in the 35-50 years subgroup, ingestion of olive oil polyphenols led to a significantly larger reduction in MDA-LDL as compared with the control group ( p < 0.025)., Conclusions: The significantly lower dietary total polyphenol intake of the 35-50 years subgroup compared to the 51-64 years subgroup suggests that the suppressive function of olive oil polyphenol intake on LDL oxidation in Japanese men is influenced by dietary habits and is more clearly demonstrated in the younger age population with a relatively low total polyphenol intake.

Background: Brain tissue in Alzheimer's patients is exposed to oxidative stress. Silymarin is an adjunct drug that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties., Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silymarin on biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and disease severity in Alzheimer's patients., Methods: This randomized, single-blind clinical trial study was performed on 33 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) whose disease was confirmed by DSM-5 criteria and by brain imaging. Patients in the case group received three 250 mg silymarin capsules daily (each containing 150 mg silymarin), as an adjunctive medication in addition to the routine medication regimen. In the placebo group (control), patients received the same amount of placebo. All patients underwent Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and a panel of blood tests including malondialdehyde, neopterin, catalase, paraoxonase-1, total oxidative status, and total antioxidant capacity to reevaluate the changes pre/postintervention at the end of the trimester., Results: The catalase and MDA serum levels after the adjunctive silymarin treatment decreased significantly (Catalase before silymarin  = 9.29 ± 7.02 vs Catalase after silymarin  = 5.32 ± 2.97, p  = 0.007 and MDA before silymarin  = 4.29 ± 1.90 vs MDA after silymarin  = 1.66 ± 0.84, p  < 0.001) while MMSE increased notably (MMSE before silymarin  = 10.39 ± 6.42 vs MMSE after silymarin  = 13.37 ± 6.81, p  < 0.001)., Conclusion: Silymarin can be effective as an adjunct drug and a powerful antioxidant in reducing oxidative stress and improving the course of AD.

Background and Aims: Healthy weight (lean) patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have a more favorable metabolic and histological profile in cross-sectional studies compared with their non-lean counterparts. Paradoxically, they also have higher overall mortality. The underpinning pathophysiology of this paradox is not understood. Telomere attrition is associated with increased mortality in various diseases., Methods: We investigated the role of telomere length in the pathogenesis of lean MAFLD in cohorts with biopsy-proven MAFLD (n = 303). We measured serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and hepatic 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) expression (reactive oxygen species (ROS) markers), growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and tested the effect of H 2 O 2 on telomere length and activity in hepatocyte cell lines. The association between leukocyte telomere length and mortality was examined., Results: Telomere length was significantly lower in patients with lean MAFLD (p < 0.001). They also demonstrated an increase in ROS levels and decreases in GDF-15. H 2 O 2 induced telomere shortening and reducing telomere activity in hepatocyte cell lines. We subsequently confirmed that telomere length shortening at baseline is associated with increased hazards of all-cause mortality; the deleterious effect was more profound in lean people., Conclusion: Differences in telomere length in part explain the increased mortality of lean compared to non-lean patients with MAFLD. The effect is in part mediated through ROS activation and provide opportunities for therapy., (© 2024. Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver.)

Background: Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is a well-established pathological mediator of vascular complications in diabetes. We assessed plasma oxidant and antioxidant levels in response to acute and chronic hyperglycemia in relation to vascular stiffness and varying degrees of kidney disease in type 1 diabetes individuals., Methods: The acute hyperglycemia study included 22 type 1 diabetic individuals with normal albumin excretion rate (AER) and 13 non-diabetic controls. These individuals received an acute glucose challenge during a 120-minute hyperglycemic clamp. The chronic hyperglycemia study included 118 type 1 diabetic individuals with chronically low (n = 60) or high (n = 58) HbA1c concentrations and varying degrees of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) classified as normal, moderate, or severe albuminuria (AER). Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured from plasma or serum samples in the FinnDiane study., Results: Levels of MDA (p < 0.01) and ROMs (p < 0.01) were elevated in type 1 diabetes individuals compared to non-diabetic controls at baseline. Acute hyperglycemia further increased MDA levels (p < 0.05) and sustained the elevation of ROMs in type 1 diabetes individuals. Acute hyperglycemic challenge impaired TAC in both non-diabetic (p < 0.05) and type 1 diabetes (p < 0.01) individuals compared to baseline whereas BAP was increased (p < 0.05) with no difference observed in non-diabetic controls. There was a positive association between high circulating MDA and AIx (r2 = 0.611, p = 0.05), and between delta ROMs and delta AIx (r2 = 0.955, p = 0.014) in combined analysis of individuals with type 1 diabetes and non-diabetic controls. Type 1 diabetes individuals with varying status of DKD, showed elevated levels of ROMs in those with high HbA1c compared to their counterpart with low HbA1c (p < 0.05). Individuals with severe albuminuria showed elevated ROM levels (p < 0.01) and depressed antioxidant capacity (p < 0.01) compared to those with normal AER of comparable HbA1c concentrations., Conclusions: Biomarkers of oxidative stress are associated with vascular stiffness and DKD following acute and chronic hyperglycemic exposure and may provide added value to HbA1c in understanding disease pathology, predicting risk and assessing the status of secondary complications of type 1 diabetes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This study investigated how different relative humidity (RH) would impact behavior and physiology of laying hens. One hundred-eighty laying hens (Hy-Line Brown), aged 68-week-old (1,908 ± 78 g), were exposed to daily ambient temperatures of 30 °C with RH set at 25% (RH25), 50% (RH50), or 75% (RH75) for 12 h a day (9:00 am to 9:00 pm) from 70 to 74 weeks of age. All hens had been raised at 24 °C and 50% RH during 2-week adaptation period. Each RH treatment consisted of 10 replicates with 6 hens each in a completely randomized design. Results indicated that rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate were increased (P ≤ 0.05) in the RH75 group compared with the RH25 and RH50 groups. Plasma malondialdehyde concentrations were elevated in the RH75 group compared RH50 at 3, 7, and 21 days (P ≤ 0.05) following the RH exposure. Plasma glutathione peroxidase activity was lowered (P ≤ 0.05) in the RH75 group compared with the RH25 and RH50 groups at 21 days. Increasing RH led to decreased feeding behavior but showed a tendency to increase drinking behavior. Wings elevated and panting behaviors were higher in the RH75 group compared with the RH25 and RH50 groups (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest that elevated RH at constant ambient temperature could negatively influence the behavior and physiology of laying hens., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)