14 results on '"Mallory R. Peterson"'
Search Results
2. Infection diagnosis in hydrocephalus CT images: a domain enriched attention learning approach
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Mingzhao Yu, Mallory R. Peterson, Venkateswararao Cherukuri, Christine Hehnly, Edith Mbabazi-Kabachelor, Ronnie Mulondo, Brian Nsubuga Kaaya, James R. Broach, Steven J Schiff, and Vishal Monga
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Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Biomedical Engineering - Abstract
Hydrocephalus is the leading indication for pediatric neurosurgical care worldwide. Identification of postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH) verses non-postinfectious hydrocephalus (NPIH), as well as the pathogen involved in PIH is crucial for developing an appropriate treatment plan. Accurate identification requires clinical diagnosis by neuroscientists and microbiological analysis, which are time-consuming and expensive. In this study, we develop a domain enriched AI method for CT-based infection diagnosis in hydrocephalic imagery. State-of-the-art (SOTA) convolutional neural network (CNN) approaches form an attractive neural engineering solution for addressing this problem as pathogen-specific features need discovery. Yet black-box deep networks often need unrealistic abundant training data and are not easily interpreted. In this paper, a novel brain attention regularizer (BAR) is proposed, which encourages the CNN to put more focus inside brain regions in its feature extraction and decision making. Our approach is then extended to a hybrid 2D/3D network that mines inter-slice information. A new strategy of regularization is also designed for enabling collaboration between 2D and 3D branches. Our proposed method achieves SOTA results on a CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda dataset with an accuracy of 95.8% in hydrocephalus classification and 84% in pathogen classification. Statistical analysis is performed to demonstrate that our proposed methods obtain significant improvements over the existing SOTA alternatives. . Such attention regularized learning has particularly pronounced benefits in regimes where training data may be limited, thereby enhancing generalizability. To the best of our knowledge, our findings are unique among early efforts in interpretable AI-based models for classification of hydrocehpalus and underlying pathogen using CT scans.
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- 2023
3. Brain growth after surgical treatment for infant postinfectious hydrocephalus in Sub-Saharan Africa: 2-year results of a randomized trial
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Edith Mbabazi-Kabachelor, Abhaya V. Kulkarni, Peter Ssenyonga, Benjamin C. Warf, Jody Levenbach, Mallory R. Peterson, Ruth Donnelly, Steven J. Schiff, Vishal Monga, John Mugamba, and Venkateswararao Cherukuri
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Endoscopic third ventriculostomy ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Single Center ,Bayley Scales of Infant Development ,Article ,law.invention ,Hydrocephalus ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Brain size ,Etiology ,Cauterization ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hydrocephalus in infants, particularly that with a postinfectious etiology, is a major public health burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. The authors of this study aimed to determine whether surgical treatment of infant postinfectious hydrocephalus in Uganda results in sustained, long-term brain growth and improved cognitive outcome. METHODS The authors performed a trial at a single center in Mbale, Uganda, involving infants (age < 180 days old) with postinfectious hydrocephalus randomized to endoscopic third ventriculostomy plus choroid plexus cauterization (ETV+CPC; n = 51) or ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS; n = 49). After 2 years, they assessed developmental outcome with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition (BSID-III), and brain volume (raw and normalized for age and sex) with CT scans. RESULTS Eighty-nine infants were assessed for 2-year outcome. There were no significant differences between the two surgical treatment arms in terms of BSID-III cognitive score (p = 0.17) or brain volume (p = 0.36), so they were analyzed together. Raw brain volumes increased between baseline and 2 years (p < 0.001), but this increase occurred almost exclusively in the 1st year (p < 0.001). The fraction of patients with a normal brain volume increased from 15.2% at baseline to 50.0% at 1 year but then declined to 17.8% at 2 years. Substantial normalized brain volume loss was seen in 21.3% patients between baseline and year 2 and in 76.7% between years 1 and 2. The extent of brain growth in the 1st year was not associated with the extent of brain volume changes in the 2nd year. There were significant positive correlations between 2-year brain volume and all BSID-III scores and BSID-III changes from baseline. CONCLUSIONS In Sub-Saharan Africa, even after successful surgical treatment of infant postinfectious hydrocephalus, early posttreatment brain growth stagnates in the 2nd year. While the reasons for this finding are unclear, it further emphasizes the importance of primary infection prevention and mitigation strategies along with optimizing the child’s environment to maximize brain growth potential.
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- 2021
4. Normal childhood brain growth and a universal sex and anthropomorphic relationship to cerebrospinal fluid
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Abhaya V. Kulkarni, Benjamin C. Warf, Steven J. Schiff, Joseph N. Paulson, Venkateswararao Cherukuri, Paddy Ssentongo, Vishal Monga, and Mallory R. Peterson
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Male ,Adolescent ,Population ,Physiology ,brain volume ,Body size ,growth curves ,Article ,cerebrospinal fluid ,Functional Laterality ,Cohort Studies ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Child Development ,medicine ,Humans ,Fluid accumulation ,Child ,Analysis of Variance ,Sex Characteristics ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Anthropometry ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Infant, Newborn ,Brain ,Infant ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,Organ Size ,Reference Standards ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Hydrocephalus ,Brain growth ,Child, Preschool ,Brain size ,Female ,Analysis of variance ,business ,hydrocephalus ,Algorithms - Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study of brain size and growth has a long and contentious history, yet normal brain volume development has yet to be fully described. In particular, the normal brain growth and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation relationship is critical to characterize because it is impacted in numerous conditions of early childhood in which brain growth and fluid accumulation are affected, such as infection, hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, and a broad range of congenital disorders. The authors of this study aim to describe normal brain volume growth, particularly in the setting of CSF accumulation. METHODS The authors analyzed 1067 magnetic resonance imaging scans from 505 healthy pediatric subjects from birth to age 18 years to quantify component and regional brain volumes. The volume trajectories were compared between the sexes and hemispheres using smoothing spline ANOVA. Population growth curves were developed using generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape. RESULTS Brain volume peaked at 10–12 years of age. Males exhibited larger age-adjusted total brain volumes than females, and body size normalization procedures did not eliminate this difference. The ratio of brain to CSF volume, however, revealed a universal age-dependent relationship independent of sex or body size. CONCLUSIONS These findings enable the application of normative growth curves in managing a broad range of childhood diseases in which cognitive development, brain growth, and fluid accumulation are interrelated.
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- 2021
5. Fatty filum terminale and low-lying conus medullaris in Gollop-Wolfgang complex: a case report and review of literature
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Cyril S, Tankam, Mallory R, Peterson, Yaw, Tachie-Baffour, Samer, Zammar, and Elias B, Rizk
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Gollop-Wolfgang complex is a rare skeletal dysplasia with only 200 cases reported in the literature. This disorder is usually associated with several extraosseous anomalies. This report describes the first case of a fatty filum terminale and a low-lying conus medullaris in a patient with this complex. A review of the current literature of the Gollop-Wolfgang complex accompanies this case, highlighting the documented extraosseous anomalies seen in this complex.We report a case of an 18-month-old patient with Gollop-Wolfgang complex who underwent cord untethering with release of the filum terminale after extensive workup showed the presence of a dyssynergic bladder and radiological evaluation revealed a fatty filum terminale and low-lying conus medullaris.Gollop-Wolfgang complex is a skeletal dysplasia usually associated with several extra skeletal anomalies. Our report describes the first case of a fatty filum terminale and low-lying conus medullaris in this complex, as well as provides an overview of the documented anomalies seen in this disorder. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended when treating these infants in order to ensure that occult manifestations of the complex are not missed.
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- 2022
6. Preoperative risk and postoperative outcome from subdural fluid collections in African infants with postinfectious hydrocephalus
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Vishal Monga, Jessica Lane, Jody Levenbach, Edith Mbabazi-Kabachelor, Peter Ssenyonga, Steven J. Schiff, Benjamin C. Warf, John Mugamba, Venkateswararao Cherukuri, Justin Onen, Joshua Harper, Ruth Donnelly, Paddy Ssentongo, Mallory R. Peterson, and Abhaya V. Kulkarni
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cautery ,Single Center ,Bayley Scales of Infant Development ,Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ,Article ,law.invention ,Ventriculostomy ,Postoperative Complications ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Risk Factors ,Post-hoc analysis ,Medicine ,Humans ,Uganda ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Endoscopic third ventriculostomy ,Infant ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Subdural Effusion ,Surgery ,Hydrocephalus ,Treatment Outcome ,Subdural hygroma ,Cauterization ,Female ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the incidence of postoperative subdural collections in a cohort of African infants with postinfectious hydrocephalus. The authors sought to identify preoperative factors associated with increased risk of development of subdural collections and to characterize associations between subdural collections and postoperative outcomes. METHODS The study was a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial at a single center in Mbale, Uganda, involving infants (age < 180 days) with postinfectious hydrocephalus randomized to receive either an endoscopic third ventriculostomy plus choroid plexus cauterization or a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Patients underwent assessment with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III; sometimes referred to as BSID-III) and CT scans preoperatively and then at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Volumes of brain, CSF, and subdural fluid were calculated, and z-scores from the median were determined from normative curves for CSF accumulation and brain growth. Linear and logistic regression models were used to characterize the association between preoperative CSF volume and the postoperative presence and size of subdural collection 6 and 12 months after surgery. Linear regression and smoothing spline ANOVA were used to describe the relationship between subdural fluid volume and cognitive scores. Causal mediation analysis distinguished between the direct and indirect effects of the presence of a subdural collection on cognitive scores. RESULTS Subdural collections were more common in shunt-treated patients and those with larger preoperative CSF volumes. Subdural fluid volumes were linearly related to preoperative CSF volumes. In terms of outcomes, the Bayley-III cognitive score was linearly related to subdural fluid volume. The distribution of cognitive scores was significantly different for patients with and those without subdural collections from 11 to 24 months of age. The presence of a subdural collection was associated with lower cognitive scores and smaller brain volume 12 months after surgery. Causal mediation analysis demonstrated evidence supporting both a direct (76%) and indirect (24%) effect (through brain volume) of subdural collections on cognitive scores. CONCLUSIONS Larger preoperative CSF volume and shunt surgery were found to be risk factors for postoperative subdural collection. The size and presence of a subdural collection were negatively associated with cognitive outcomes and brain volume 12 months after surgery. These results have suggested that preoperative CSF volumes could be used for risk stratification for treatment decision-making and that future clinical trials of alternative shunt technologies to reduce overdrainage should be considered.
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- 2021
7. Optimization of Neurite Tracing and Further Characterization of Human Monocyte-Derived-Neuronal-like Cells
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Mallory R. Peterson, Tuna Hasoglu, Gary A. Clawson, Alfredo Bellon, Michael Chen, Elisabeta Blandin, Katherine Gao, Liyi Elliot Hong, and Alonso Cortez-Resendiz
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Neurite ,autism ,Dendrite ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Tracing ,Biology ,Article ,dendrite ,Dopamine ,stem cells ,medicine ,In patient ,neurite ,neurodevelopment ,Monocyte derived ,General Neuroscience ,cytoskeleton ,schizophrenia ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,transdifferentiation and neuronal model ,biomarker ,Stem cell ,Neuroscience ,Automated method ,medicine.drug ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Deficits in neuronal structure are consistently associated with neurodevelopmental illnesses such as autism and schizophrenia. Nonetheless, the inability to access neurons from clinical patients has limited the study of early neurostructural changes directly in patients’ cells. This obstacle has been circumvented by differentiating stem cells into neurons, although the most used methodologies are time consuming. Therefore, we recently developed a relatively rapid (~20 days) protocol for transdifferentiating human circulating monocytes into neuronal-like cells. These monocyte-derived-neuronal-like cells (MDNCs) express several genes and proteins considered neuronal markers, such as MAP-2 and PSD-95. In addition, these cells conduct electrical activity. We have also previously shown that the structure of MDNCs is comparable with that of human developing neurons (HDNs) after 5 days in culture. Moreover, the neurostructure of MDNCs responds similarly to that of HDNs when exposed to colchicine and dopamine. In this manuscript, we expanded our characterization of MDNCs to include the expression of 12 neuronal genes, including tau. Following, we compared three different tracing approaches (two semi-automated and one automated) that enable tracing using photographs of live cells. This comparison is imperative for determining which neurite tracing method is more efficient in extracting neurostructural data from MDNCs and thus allowing researchers to take advantage of the faster yield provided by these neuronal-like cells. Surprisingly, it was one of the semi-automated methods that was the fastest, consisting of tracing only the longest primary and the longest secondary neurite. This tracing technique also detected more structural deficits. The only automated method tested, Volocity, detected MDNCs but failed to trace the entire neuritic length. Other advantages and disadvantages of the three tracing approaches are also presented and discussed.
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- 2021
8. Brain growth and neurodevelopment after surgical treatment of infant post-infectious hydrocephalus in sub-Saharan Africa
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Edith Mbabazi-Kabachelor, S. J. Schiff, J. Levenbach, Benjamin C. Warf, John Mugamba, Abhaya V. Kulkarni, Mallory R. Peterson, Venkateswararao Cherukuri, Peter Ssenyonga, Vishal Monga, and R. Donnelly
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,business.industry ,Public health ,Psychological intervention ,medicine.disease ,Hydrocephalus ,Brain growth ,Brain size ,Cohort ,medicine ,Infection control ,Surgical treatment ,business - Abstract
ImportancePost-infectious hydrocephalus in infants is a major public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa.ObjectiveTo determine long-term brain growth and cognitive outcome after surgical treatment of infant post-infectious hydrocephalus in Uganda.DesignProspective follow-up of a previously randomized cohort.SettingSingle center in Mbale, Uganda.ParticipantsInfants (InterventionsEndoscopic or shunt surgery.Main outcomesBayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-3) and brain volume on computed tomography (raw and normalized for age and sex) at 2 years after treatment.ResultsEighty-nine infants were assessed for 2-year outcome. There were no significant differences between the two surgical treatment arms, so they were analyzed together. Raw brain volumes increased between baseline and 24 months (median change=361 cc, IQR=293 to 443, pConclusions and RelevanceIn sub-Saharan Africa, even after successful surgical treatment of infant post-infectious hydrocephalus, post-treatment brain growth stagnates in the second year. While the reasons for this are unclear, this emphasizes the importance of primary infection prevention strategies along with optimizing the child’s environment to maximize brain growth potential.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01936272KEY POINTSQuestionWhat is the brain growth and cognitive trajectory of infants treated for post-infectious hydrocephalus in Uganda?FindingsIn this prospective follow-up of a cohort of 89 infants, early normalization of brain volume after treatment was followed by brain growth stagnation in the second year, with many falling back into the sub-normal range. Poor brain growth was associated with poor cognitive outcome.MeaningSuccessful surgical treatment of hydrocephalus is not sufficient to allow for adequate brain growth and cognitive development. Interventions aimed at primary infection prevention and reducing comorbidities are needed to improve brain growth potential.
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- 2020
9. Paenibacillus infection with frequent viral coinfection contributes to postinfectious hydrocephalus in Ugandan infants
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Andrew Whalen, Dona Saumya S. Wijetunge, Kathryn Sheldon, Sheila M. Kangere, James R. Broach, Kathy Burgoine, Edith Mbabazi-Kabachelor, Elias Kumbakumba, Andrew Weeks, Benjamin C. Warf, Brian Nsubuga Kaaya, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Farrah Roy, Joseph N. Paulson, Steven J. Schiff, R. Reid Townsend, David D. Limbrick, Hannah M Atkins, Paddy Ssentongo, Cheng Guo, Nischay Mishra, John Mugamba, Sarah U. Morton, Jessica E. Ericson, Joshua Magombe, Brent L. Williams, Mallory R. Peterson, Abhaya V. Kulkarni, John Quackenbush, Mathieu Almeida, Matthew J. Ferrari, Xiaoxiao Li, Justin Onen, Murali Haran, Mara Couto-Rodriguez, James Ng, W. Ian Lipkin, Lisa M. Bebell, Francis Bajunirwe, Lijun Zhang, Albert M. Isaacs, Michael Y. Galperin, Joel Bazira, Julius Kiwanuka, Peter Ssenyonga, Melissa Gladstone, Shamim A. Sinnar, Christine Hehnly, Ronnie Mulondo, Timothy B. Erickson, Mady Hornig, and Benjamin von Bredow
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiological culture ,Neonatal sepsis ,biology ,business.industry ,Congenital cytomegalovirus infection ,General Medicine ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Hydrocephalus ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Paenibacillus ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,medicine ,Coinfection ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH), which often follows neonatal sepsis, is the most common cause of pediatric hydrocephalus worldwide, yet the microbial pathogens underlying this disease remain to be elucidated. Characterization of the microbial agents causing PIH would enable a shift from surgical palliation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation to prevention of the disease. Here, we examined blood and CSF samples collected from 100 consecutive infant cases of PIH and control cases comprising infants with non-postinfectious hydrocephalus in Uganda. Genomic sequencing of samples was undertaken to test for bacterial, fungal, and parasitic DNA; DNA and RNA sequencing was used to identify viruses; and bacterial culture recovery was used to identify potential causative organisms. We found that infection with the bacterium Paenibacillus, together with frequent cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection, was associated with PIH in our infant cohort. Assembly of the genome of a facultative anaerobic bacterial isolate recovered from cultures of CSF samples from PIH cases identified a strain of Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus. This strain, designated Mbale, was lethal when injected into mice in contrast to the benign reference Paenibacillus strain. These findings show that an unbiased pan-microbial approach enabled characterization of Paenibacillus in CSF samples from PIH cases, and point toward a pathway of more optimal treatment and prevention for PIH and other proximate neonatal infections.
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- 2020
10. The Bacterial and Viral Complexity of Postinfectious Hydrocephalus in Uganda
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R. Reid Townsend, W. Ian Lipkin, Xiaoxiao Li, James Ng, Albert M. Isaacs, Sheila M. Kangere, Lisa M. Bebell, Kathy Burgoine, Edith Mbabazi-Kabachelor, Timothy B. Erickson, Peter Ssenyonga, Joel Bazira, Steven J. Schiff, Benjamin C. Warf, Julius Kiwanuka, James R. Broach, Brian Nsubuga Kaaya, Hannah M Atkins, Andrew Whalen, Dona Saumya S. Wijetunge, Paddy Ssentongo, David D. Limbrick, John Mugamba, Kathryn Sheldon, Joshua Magombe, Nishay Mishra, Abhaya V. Kulkarni, Mady Hornig, Benjamin von Bredow, Ronald Mulando, Murali Haran, Farrah Roy, Mathieu Almeida, Melissa Gladstone, Sarah U. Morton, John Quackenbush, Francis Bajunirwe, Mara Curto-Rodriguez, Mallory R. Peterson, Andrew Weeks, Christine Hehnly, Joseph N. Paulson, Cheng Guo, Michael Y. Galperin, Lijun Zhang, Jessica E. Ericson, Brent L. Williams, Justin Onen, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Shamim A. Sinnar, Elias Kumbakumba, and Matthew J. Ferrari
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Microbiological culture ,biology ,Neonatal sepsis ,business.industry ,Congenital cytomegalovirus infection ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Genome ,Viral Identification ,Article ,Hydrocephalus ,Microbiology ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,medicine ,business ,Bacteria - Abstract
Postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH), often following neonatal sepsis, is the most common cause of pediatric hydrocephalus world-wide, yet the microbial pathogens remain uncharacterized. Characterization of the microbial agents causing PIH would lead to an emphasis shift from surgical palliation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation to prevention. We examined blood and CSF from 100 consecutive cases of PIH and control cases of non-postinfectious hydrocephalus (NPIH) in infants in Uganda. Genomic testing was undertaken for bacterial, fungal, and parasitic DNA, DNA and RNA sequencing for viral identification, and extensive bacterial culture recovery. We uncovered a major contribution to PIH from Paenibacillus, upon a background of frequent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. CMV was only found in CSF in PIH cases. A facultatively anaerobic isolate was recovered. Assembly of the genome revealed a strain of P. thiaminolyticus. In mice, this isolate designated strain Mbale, was lethal in contrast with the benign reference strain. These findings point to the value of an unbiased pan-microbial approach to characterize PIH in settings where the organisms remain unknown, and enables a pathway towards more optimal treatment and prevention of the proximate neonatal infections.One Sentence SummaryWe have discovered a novel strain of bacteria upon a frequent viral background underlying postinfectious hydrocephalus in Uganda.
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- 2020
11. Normal Childhood Brain Growth and a Universal Sex and Anthropomorphic Relationship to Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Vishal Monga, Joseph N. Paulson, Steven J. Schiff, Benjamin C. Warf, Abhaya V. Kulkarni, Venkateswararao Cherukuri, Paddy Ssentongo, and Mallory R. Peterson
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medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Physiology ,Childhood disease ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Body size ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Brain growth ,Brain size ,Medicine ,Fluid accumulation ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
ObjectThe study of brain size and growth has a long and contentious history, yet normal brain volume development has yet to be fully described. In particular, the normal brain growth and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation relationship is critical to characterize because it is impacted in numerous conditions of early childhood where brain growth and fluid accumulation are affected such as infection, hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, and a broad range of congenital disorders. This study aims to describe normal brain volume growth, particularly in the setting of cerebrospinal fluid accumulation.MethodsWe analyzed 1067 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 505 healthy pediatric subjects from birth to age 18 to quantify component and regional brain volumes. The volume trajectories were compared between the sexes and hemispheres using Smoothing Spline ANOVA. Population growth curves were developed using Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape.ResultsBrain volume peaked at 10-12 years of age. Males exhibited larger age-adjusted total brain volumes than females, and body size normalization procedures did not eliminate this difference. The ratio of brain to CSF volume, however, revealed a universal age-dependent relationship independent of sex or body size.ConclusionsThese findings enable the application of normative growth curves in managing a broad range of childhood disease where cognitive development, brain growth, and fluid accumulation are interrelated.
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- 2020
12. Foods of the future
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Athanasia Nikolaou, Matilda Newton, Eric Britt Moore, Falko T. Buschke, Divyansh Agarwal, Donnelly A. West, Saima Naz, Mallory R. Peterson, Mark Martin Jensen, Syed Shan-e-Ali Zaidi, Yongsheng Ji, Michael A. Tarselli, Ada G. Blidner, Kyle J. Isaacson, Emre O. Polat, and Sudhakar Srivastava
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Agricultural science ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,Food security ,Delicacy ,Taste (sociology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sustainability ,Recipe ,Food engineering ,Food choice ,Wine tasting ,media_common - Abstract
[][1] ILLUSTRATION: LEONARD DUPOND We asked young scientists to write an advertisement that answers this question: How will food options, food availability, and individuals' food choices change in the future? A selection of their suggested marketing campaigns is below. Follow NextGen Voices on Twitter with hashtag #NextGenSci. Read previous NextGen Voices survey results at . —Jennifer Sills Tired of managing your diet? Health Capsule provides non-invasive, cognitive control of your hunger, satiation, and weight. Made possible by deep brain stimulation and neuromodulation technology, this environmentally sustainable capsule will keep you healthy and fit while satisfying all your cravings. Put calculating your calories and carbon footprint behind you! Saima Naz Lahore, 54570, Pakistan. Email: saimanaz85{at}gmail.com Try our new Bacteri-Os: The Sustainable Microbial Sustenance™! We start with the freshest plasmids and gene fragments, harvested from diverse biospheres and raised organically and sustainably. Then, we splice and dice these into stable, non-infective carrier organisms, ensuring production of all secondary metabolites and metabolic fuels growing eukaryotes might need: yeasty vitamins, siderophore mineral sponges, and essential amino acids. A little sprinkle of HMG-CoA adds your fats and sterols, et voila! Buy your Bacteri-Os pellets wherever fine nutritional cakes and shakes are sold. Michael A. Tarselli SLAS, Oak Brook, IL 60523, USA. Email: tarselli{at}gmail.com Tired of your 3D-printed food all tasting the same? Make your fab food fabulous! Our FlavorPack™ inks will make your proteins meatier, desserts sweeter, and veggies crunchier. Compatible with any home fab unit! Mark Martin Jensen Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Email: MMJensen{at}MGH.Harvard.edu Send us your DNA, and we will predict your food preferences! Receive your personalized food basket, with a day-by-day diet program. We will send you full meals and personalized smoothies based on your genetic taste predisposition. We know what you love; it's in your DNA. Ada Gabriela Blidner Laboratorio de Inmunopatologia, IBYME-CONICET, 1428 Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Twitter: @adagbb Introducing Broth-3D technologies, by machine-learning chefs! Broth recipes use boiled local and seasonal ingredients. Miss your grandmother's recipes and the beautiful plating of the past? We've uploaded images of meals created by 33,003 grandmothers and distilled their knowledge into 3D-printable dishes using broth solidifiers. Add nostalgic structure to your dish! Athanasia Nikolaou Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Email: athanasia.nikolaou{at}protonmail.com Convert polluted ambient air into basic nutrients with Smart Straw! Sensors in this nano-technological device identify potentially nutritious particles suspended in the air around you. Just take a sip, press the Convert button, and imbibe basic nutrients through chemical reactions and filtering. Emre Ozan Polat ICFO–The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain. Email: emre-ozan.polat{at}icfo.eu With intravenous (IV) nutrients, you no longer need to make time for trivial things like sitting down to a full meal! Plus, our targeted modulation of the hunger hormone ghrelin means no more hunger pangs. Don't be tied down by mundane human concerns like eating and weight gain—make time for more with IV nutrients! Mallory Peterson Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. Email: mpeterson1{at}pennstatehealth.psu.edu Beeph™ is the newest, tastiest insect patty! If you're old enough to remember Kobe, you're in for a treat! Made with pure, farm-raised Periplaneta and synthetic spice blend for that wholesome goodness your family loves. When you're hungry for burgers, think Beeph™—It's what's for dinner! Donnelly A. West Walnut Creek, CA 94597, USA. Twitter: @catscausetypos Sustainable Steaks provides the most scrumptious, environmentally sensitive beef. Our steaks are sourced from natural grasslands and prairies, where livestock now fills the ecological roles left vacant by the wild grazers that used to roam these plains. Using our open-source FoodFootprint supplementary feeding system, we enhance natural grazing with protein-rich fodder to optimize animal growth while minimizing methane production and water consumption. At only $219.00/kg (including carbon taxes and ecological levies), our steaks are affordable for the whole family. Falko Buschke Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa. Email: falko.buschke{at}gmail.com As Earth's temperatures rose, temperate zones were lost. Do you miss sweet temperate fruits? Welcome to our Moon Farm. Our fruit trees are planted in hybri-soil and artificial air that simulate Earth's environment from 5000 years ago. Pick fruits with your family or ship to your doorstep with MoonEx. Freshness guaranteed. Yongsheng Ji Department of Human Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. Email: jiyongshengkey{at}hotmail.com West Siberian Citrus Company offers a bountiful array of lemons, oranges, grapefruits, and limes. Once a permafrosted no-man's land, Siberia is now a gorgeous Garden of Eden. With no deep freeze days during the growing season, we guarantee that our fruits have attained maximum size and flavor upon harvest. For a limited time only, get your dose of Vitamin “Sea” with our genetically engineered Florida-style oranges; they accurately replicate that 2023 pre-flood tang! Voted “Better Flavor” than both Alaskan and Nunavut Oranges. Kyle J. Isaacson Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. Twitter: @kjisaacson Want to feel like a globalist glutton from the greedy years of centuries past? Cicada Steaks let you relive the joy and horror of eating fried animal flesh! The new recipe of textured Insekt™ protein, marbled with saturated fats, evokes steaks Grandma will remember from her childhood when people ate cows. Matilda Newton University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 20309, USA. Email: matilda.newton{at}colorado.edu Do you long for the days before the Great Climate Shift when meat wasn't only for special occasions? Are you fed up with paying outrageous beef and pork prices? Well don't have a cow! Why pig out when you can GRUB! out. GRUB! (Great Rations Using Bugs!) is a delicious, nutritious insect protein that is packed full of vitamins and minerals. Whether it's GRUB! burgers on the grill or GRUB! taco Tuesdays, make GRUB! part of your family's dinner plans. Eric Britt Moore Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Email: ebm256{at}iastate.edu Using the precision breeding technology CRISPR, scientists have developed a high-yield, disease-resistant cassava. Cassava, a historically crucial staple for millions of people, is now an even more reliable food source, providing food security to the developing world where it is needed most. Syed Shan-e-Ali Zaidi Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux Namur, 5030, Belgium. Email: shan.e.ali{at}outlook.com Our dedicated team of food engineers has pioneered a technique to convert the chemical bonds in wood, turning indigestible cellulose into a scrumptious starch. The result? A rustic delicacy ushering in the new era of staple wood-based foods. Try our signature, honey-coated wood chips at a Trader Joe's near you! Divyansh Agarwal Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Twitter: @divyansh_aga Introducing high-energy, nutrient-rich Wherice, a unique mix of wheat and rice! Just 100 g of this tasty, digestible food fulfills your energy requirements for the day, saving you time and money. Sustainable Wherice can be cultivated in high-temperature areas of the world three times a year. Sudhakar Srivastava Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India. Email: sudhakar.srivastava{at}gmail.com [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
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- 2019
13. Normative human brain volume growth
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Benjamin C. Warf, Steven J. Schiff, and Mallory R. Peterson
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Aging ,Percentile ,Adolescent ,Gompertz function ,Population ,Biostatistics ,Models, Biological ,Growth curve (statistics) ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Goodness of fit ,Statistics ,Humans ,Medicine ,Growth Charts ,Child ,education ,Weibull distribution ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Brain ,Infant ,Organ Size ,General Medicine ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,030104 developmental biology ,Child, Preschool ,Curve fitting ,Normative ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
OBJECTIVEWhile there is a long history of interest in measuring brain growth, as of yet there is no definitive model for normative human brain volume growth. The goal of this study was to analyze a variety of candidate models for such growth and select the model that provides the most statistically applicable fit. The authors sought to optimize clinically applicable growth charts that would facilitate improved treatment and predictive management for conditions such as hydrocephalus.METHODSThe Weibull, two-term power law, West ontogenic, and Gompertz models were chosen as potential models. Normative brain volume data were compiled from the NIH MRI repository, and the data were fit using a nonlinear least squares regression algorithm. Appropriate statistical measures were analyzed for each model, and the best model was characterized with prediction bound curves to provide percentile estimates for clinical use.RESULTSEach model curve fit and the corresponding statistics were presented and analyzed. The Weibull fit had the best statistical results for both males and females, while the two-term power law generated the worst scores. The statistical measures and goodness of fit parameters for each model were provided to assure reproducibility.CONCLUSIONSThe authors identified the Weibull model as the most effective growth curve fit for both males and females. Clinically usable growth charts were developed and provided to facilitate further clinical study of brain volume growth in conditions such as hydrocephalus. The authors note that the homogenous population from which the normative MRI data were compiled limits the study. Gaining a better understanding of the dynamics that underlie childhood brain growth would yield more predictive growth curves and improved neurosurgical management of hydrocephalus.
- Published
- 2018
14. Endoscopic Treatment versus Shunting for Infant Hydrocephalus in Uganda
- Author
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Vishal Monga, Edith Mbabazi-Kabachelor, Michael J. MacDonald, Jody Levenbach, Peter Ssenyonga, Abhaya V. Kulkarni, Benjamin C. Warf, Mallory R. Peterson, Steven J. Schiff, Ruth Donnelly, John Mugamba, and Venkateswararao Cherukuri
- Subjects
Male ,Ventriculostomy ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cautery ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ,Bayley Scales of Infant Development ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Child Development ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Humans ,Medicine ,Uganda ,business.industry ,Endoscopic third ventriculostomy ,Infant ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Child development ,Hydrocephalus ,Shunting ,Motor Skills ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Choroid Plexus ,Cauterization ,Female ,business ,Child Language ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Postinfectious hydrocephalus in infants is a major health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The conventional treatment is ventriculoperitoneal shunting, but surgeons are usually not immediately available to revise shunts when they fail. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV-CPC) is an alternative treatment that is less subject to late failure but is also less likely than shunting to result in a reduction in ventricular size that might facilitate better brain growth and cognitive outcomes.We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate cognitive outcomes after ETV-CPC versus ventriculoperitoneal shunting in Ugandan infants with postinfectious hydrocephalus. The primary outcome was the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition (BSID-3), cognitive scaled score 12 months after surgery (scores range from 1 to 19, with higher scores indicating better performance). The secondary outcomes were BSID-3 motor and language scores, treatment failure (defined as treatment-related death or the need for repeat surgery), and brain volume measured on computed tomography.A total of 100 infants were enrolled; 51 were randomly assigned to undergo ETV-CPC, and 49 were assigned to undergo ventriculoperitoneal shunting. The median BSID-3 cognitive scores at 12 months did not differ significantly between the treatment groups (a score of 4 for ETV-CPC and 2 for ventriculoperitoneal shunting; Hodges-Lehmann estimated difference, 0; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2 to 0; P=0.35). There was no significant difference between the ETV-CPC group and the ventriculoperitoneal-shunt group in BSID-3 motor or language scores, rates of treatment failure (35% and 24%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.5; P=0.24), or brain volume (z score, -2.4 and -2.1, respectively; estimated difference, 0.3; 95% CI, -0.3 to 1.0; P=0.12).This single-center study involving Ugandan infants with postinfectious hydrocephalus showed no significant difference between endoscopic ETV-CPC and ventriculoperitoneal shunting with regard to cognitive outcomes at 12 months. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01936272 .).
- Published
- 2017
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