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Introduction: The main obstacle to achieving an HIV-1 cure is the proviral reservoir. To promote equity in HIV cure strategies, it is crucial to study the viral reservoir of the predominant HIV-1 subtype C in both women and men. Therefore, we investigated the dynamics of the (intact) viral reservoir in relation to plasma viral load (VL), CD4+ T cell count, and immune activation before and during 96 weeks of successful antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: Eighty-two participants (62% female) newly initiating ART in a rural clinic in South Africa were included in the study. Blood samples were collected at baseline, week 48, and week 96, and CD4 count was determined. Plasma was used for VL and immune marker analyses, while isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used for the quantification of cellular multiple spliced HIV-1 RNA (msRNA) and the intact proviral DNA assay. For the longitudinal analyses on ART, we selected only those participants who durably suppressed their VL to <200 copies/mL during 48 (n=65) and/or 96 (n=60) weeks of treatment. Results: At ART initiation, the median CD4 count was 234 cells/mm3 and VL was 68,897 copies/mL. Interestingly, at baseline the number of defective proviruses was significantly correlated with VL (p<0.0001), msRNA (p<0.0001), CD4 count (p=0.0008), CXCL10 (p=0.0003) and TNF-α (p=0.0394). During successful ART, a significant decrease of both the intact and defective proviral reservoir was observed (p<0.0001). The decrease of the intact proviral reservoir was more profound compared to the defective fraction after 96 weeks of therapy. In addition, a significant decrease in cellular msRNA and IL-6, IL-7, TNF-α, sCD14, sCD163, CCL2, CXCL10, and CRP was detected. Discussion: This study underscores the significant relationship observed prior to therapy initiation between the number of defective proviruses, viral transcription/production and their association with immune response indicators such as CD4 count, CXCL10, and TNF-α. Furthermore, the observation of a less pronounced decrease of the defective proviral DNA highlights the importance of addressing both intact and defective proviruses in therapeutic strategies to enhance clinical outcomes for people with HIV-1. Together, these findings suggest a significant role of the defective proviruses in HIV-related disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Female largemouth bass grow faster than males; hence, females are often favored for aquaculture. We analyzed the muscle characteristics of male largemouth bass in terms of nutrient contents, texture, and gene transcription. We found that the muscles of male largemouth bass have a unique amino acid and fatty acid profile and contain more collagen than female muscles. Furthermore, pathways related to immunity were enhanced in the muscles of males. We concluded that the muscles of male largemouth bass exhibit distinctive nutritional and textural characteristics and show enhanced disease resistance; thus, they have potential value as a product in their own right. Male largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are often overlooked because females grow faster. We explored the value of male largemouth bass by comparing muscle nutrition, texture, and transcriptomes between males and females. Females grew faster than males (p < 0.05) because of lipid accumulation. Male fish muscles had higher contents of serine, valine, methionine, arginine, nervonic acid, and α-linolenic acid (p < 0.05), and female fish muscles had higher contents of aspartic acid, glycine, cysteine, leucine, palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid (p < 0.05). Male muscles had a higher concentration of collagen fibers and greater shear force, indicative of a chewier texture. Male muscles had a lighter color, suggesting that they were less susceptible to oxidation and deterioration. Transcriptomic analyses revealed upregulation of lpl, sadb, dgat2, bhmt, tecrb, and hsd3b7, encoding components of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism; and upregulation of akt2, src, and kras, encoding crucial regulators of cellular immunity and homeostasis, in male muscles. Immunity-related pathways, including apoptosis, ErbB signaling, and cellular senescence, were enriched in male fish muscles, indicating heightened immune function. The muscles of male fish have a unique profile and distinctive advantages in terms of nutrition, flavor, texture, and transcriptional regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of computer simulation integrated with jigsaw learning strategy (CSIJLS) on students’ attitudes towards chemistry. Additionally, it sought to determine whether the usage of CSIJLS resulted in any changes in attitudes between male and female students. Researchers employed a quantitative research method and a quasi-experimental design. The participants consisted of three classes, with a total of 144 students aged above 18, assigned to two experimental groups and one comparison group. The researchers collected data using a chemistry attitude Likert scale test administered before and after the intervention. One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were employed to analyse the data. The results of the one-way ANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference in attitude between the three groups after the implementation of CSIJLS among the three groups (t(141) = 93.9, p = 0.000 < 0.05), indicating that students taught through CSIJLS performed significantly better than those taught using the jigsaw learning strategy alone and conventional methods in terms of their chemistry attitude post-test results. Additionally, the independent t-test analyses revealed no significant differences in attitudes towards chemistry between male and female students when they learned through CSIJLS.

Background: Anthropometric foot data is important in designing and manufacturing shoes. Wearing inappropriate shoes increases the likelihood of problems like ankle injuries, corns, chronic pain, and foot blisters. As yet there is no accurate database on Indian feet till today for the Indian Footwear Industry to develop more comfortable footwear. Objectives: This study aimed to measure the dimensions of the feet of Indian adults to analyze the anthropometric variations between the Right and Left feet within and between genders. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 117 participants (69 male and 48 female) aged 18 to 50 years. Different anthropometric foot parameters were measured by using a 3D foot scanner. Result: Results showed significant gender differences in most parameters but no significant differences between the left and right foot of each gender. Conclusion: This investigation emphasizes the importance of using size data for designing comfortable and well-fitting footwear. The obtained foot anthropometric data can serve as a reference for designing footwear 'Last' for Indian adults, ensuring better comfort and fit. The findings are intended to assist the Indian footwear industry fill the current data gap for the Indian population during the ‘Last’ preparation. This could lead to the prevention of foot problems caused by ill-fitting footwear, as well as improved general foot health.

IntroductionThe main obstacle to achieving an HIV-1 cure is the proviral reservoir. To promote equity in HIV cure strategies, it is crucial to study the viral reservoir of the predominant HIV-1 subtype C in both women and men. Therefore, we investigated the dynamics of the (intact) viral reservoir in relation to plasma viral load (VL), CD4+ T cell count, and immune activation before and during 96 weeks of successful antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsEighty-two participants (62% female) newly initiating ART in a rural clinic in South Africa were included in the study. Blood samples were collected at baseline, week 48, and week 96, and CD4 count was determined. Plasma was used for VL and immune marker analyses, while isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used for the quantification of cellular multiple spliced HIV-1 RNA (msRNA) and the intact proviral DNA assay. For the longitudinal analyses on ART, we selected only those participants who durably suppressed their VL to

Case: We report a case of progressive angular deformity of the left wrist in a 4-year-old girl with a 2-year history of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-oligoarthritis subtype (<4 joints affected) with inflammatory extensor tenosynovitis affecting the left wrist, who underwent a left distal radius osteotomy with tricortical allograft for angular correction and functional recovery. Six years postoperatively, the patient demonstrates a near-anatomic left wrist and has recovered full range of motion and function. Conclusion: This case demonstrates how rare clinically devastating angular deformities in JIA may safely and effectively be surgically managed to promote normal, long-term, extremity function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh saw a dengue epidemic in 2023 that resulted in a significant number of illnesses and fatalities throughout the country. The Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) reports that there were 3,21,179 confirmed cases of dengue from January to December 2023, with a fatality rate of 0.53%. Most cases and fatalities in 2023 were documented from June to December. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of dengue fever is greater in men than in women, but women also die from the disease at a higher rate than in men. Given the atypical seasonality of the epidemic and the sudden spike in cases early on, it is noteworthy that mosquito and potential hotspot densities were at an all-time high throughout the previous years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this research are: 1) to reflect, through psychoanalysis (Jung, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c, 2016d), how the most frequent lexicon in the work The Silver Chair (1998 [1953]), written by C. S. Lewis, represents possible manifestations of masculine and feminine in its main characters, and 2) to check the translational processes used by Silva and Campos in order to promote such conjecture in Spanish and Portuguese, respectively. We use, in addition to Jungian principles, corpus-based translation studies (Baker, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000; Camargo, 2005, 2007), corpus linguistics (P. Baker, 2012; Egbert, Larssson and Biber, 2020) and lexicology (Chevalier and Gheerbrant, 1986; Dubois and others, 1973). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyse the degree of persistence of shocks in unemployment rates for a group of 22 European countries, disaggregating the data by sex and education attainment. By means of using a long-memory model with fractional integration techniques, we find high levels of persistence in the majority of the cases with orders of integration which are around 1. Also, we find that women and those with higher education are the ones which shocks tend to have less lasting effects since they refer to the series with the lowest orders of integration, in some cases being significantly below 1 and thus showing mean reversion. Policy implications are derived from our analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arabic Language & Literature (1735-9767) is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigated the reading habits and oral reading performance of male and female grade 7 students of Lambayong National High School during the School Year 2021-2022. It examined whether the reading habits related to the oral reading performance of male and female students, and whether reading habits and oral reading performance differed between male and female students. Male and female participants were randomly selected using proportionate allocation. A survey questionnaire was given and an actual oral reading was performed to male and female participants. Research revealed that most of the participants preferred to read silently as part of their reading habit. Moreover, the results shown that reading habits had nothing to do with the oral reading performance of male and female students. The reading habits between male and female students had no significant difference but female students performed better than male students in oral reading. On this basis, the Oral Reading Intervention for Students (ORIS) program was designed. It was recommended to adopt modules on oral reading for the designed program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Normal ECG standards in newborns, infants, children and adolescents have been collected and published by many authors. Only those by Davignon et al., Rijinbeek et al. and our two studies covered all ages from birth to adolescence. The standards reflecting the growth and development of the heart in infants, children and adolescents remained to be studied and explored. Methods: We selected from our ECG database, after discussions and consultation, 15 key ECG parameters and analyzed for their age- and sex-specific mean, standard deviation and 2nd to 98th percentiles and their percentile charts were constructed. Results: The ranges and distributions of the normal ECG standards, means and 2nd to 98th percentiles of 15 key parameters were established. Conclusion: A complete set of normal ECG standards of 15 key parameters from birth to adolescents is available for clinicians and researchers.

This study discussed the pros and cons of two-to-one inheritance using the principle of fair interpretation. The method used in this research was qualitative with library research, including finding sources from written materials with a historical approach. The discussion results included the sources of the argument for inheritance in the Qur'an, the distribution of inheritance one to two (1: 2) between men and women according to contemporary scholars and scholars, and the concept of justice put forward by the scholars. This study concluded that the reason for the pros and cons was the existence of different paradigms in interpreting the term justice. Classical scholars agree that inheritance verses are qath'i verses whose distribution cannot be contested so that the distribution of inheritance two to one is considered fair based on the responsibilities borne by a man. Meanwhile, feminist commentators consider the inheritance verse a sociological verse where the division of inheritance cannot ignore the current social context. The distribution of inheritance could change by the context of the circumstances and the benefits of the inheritance itself.

Normal ECG standards in newborns, infants, children and adolescents have been collected and published by many authors. Only those by Davignon et al., Rijinbeek et al. and our two studies covered all ages from birth to adolescence. The standards reflecting the growth and development of the heart in infants, children and adolescents remained to be studied and explored. We selected from our ECG database, after discussions and consultation, 15 key ECG parameters and analyzed for their age- and sex-specific mean, standard deviation and 2nd to 98th percentiles and their percentile charts were constructed. The ranges and distributions of the normal ECG standards, means and 2nd to 98th percentiles of 15 key parameters were established. A complete set of normal ECG standards of 15 key parameters from birth to adolescents is available for clinicians and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The epiphytic bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms on marine macroalga. However, there are few studies on the distribution of these epiphytic bacteria on male and female Sargassum thunbergii. In this study, the composition and diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities on male and female S. thunbergii were investigated by using the traditional culture-based method and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the dominant bacterial phyla and genera were the same on both male and female S. thunbergii. However, there were significant differences in the relative abundance of epiphytic bacteria at the genus level. Furthermore, male and female S. thunbergii had their own indicative species and specific bacteria. In addition, the predicted functions of the epiphytic bacteria mainly differed in transport and metabolism, environmental adaptation and spore development. This study enriches the baseline knowledge of epiphytic bacteria related to dioecious algae and paves the way for further studies of the relationships between epiphytic microbial communities and the sex of algae.

The purpose of the study was to design and implement, in the physical and sports education process and in the motor evaluation process, a program of exercises and specific tests to optimize reaction time by using the Fitlight technological systems in relation to the manual and foot laterality of the pupils and identification of gender differences regarding the development of reaction speed. The study included 231 pupils, between 10 and 11 years old, who were divided into two groups according to gender, as follows: the male sample included 109 (97.32%) subjects, and the female sample included 103 (94.45%) participants. All subjects were identified with right manual and foot laterality. Both samples performed a specific exercise program to optimize reaction time in relation to manual and foot laterality by using Fitlight technologies. In the study, four tests were applied in order to evaluate reaction times using Fitlight, two in relation to the manual laterality and two with foot laterality, and the results were statistically processed with IBM SPPS Statistic 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Through the comparative analysis of the samples and the progress aimed at optimizing the reaction time specific to our study, it was found that the female sample recorded greater progress at the level of manual laterality, both for the right hand and for the left one, while the sample of boys recorded significant progress in terms of improving reaction time at the level of right and left foot laterality. At the foot laterality level, the results for the executions with the right foot were better in the simple test with four Fitlight spotlights in a line, and for the complex test, with eight Fitlight spotlights in a square, the results were better in the executions with the left foot. This reveals the fact that the greater the execution complexity, the better the motor prevalence on the left side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hydrobiology / Shuisheng Shengwu Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Hydrobiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Eating attitude can simply be defined as the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors toward food, whereas disturbed eating approach is defined as an eating behavior that does not permit the diagnosis of an eating disorder. Problematic eating attempts in both male and female populations have now become a global debate. In research, body mass and weight concerns, dissatisfaction with one's current appearance, depression anxiety, stress, and social pressures have all been found as common facilitating variables of problematic eating habits among college students. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the disturbed eating attitude among male and female medical undergraduates from a tertiary medical center, Telangana. Materials and Methods: This was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study. The duration of the study was from January to June 2021. Eating Attitude Test based on 26 items (EAT-26) was adapted to Google Forms and circulated among undergraduate medical students from a tertiary hospital center, Telangana. Results: Male and female medical students were compared in terms of their disturbed eating attitudes in this study. The EAT was used to determine whether or not a person's eating habits were disturbed. The t-test was used to conduct the statistical analysis, which revealed that male students have a more disturbed eating attitude than female students. This shows that disturbed eating behaviors are no longer limited to women but are now impacting men as well. To prevent its spread, educational institutions should monitor the dangers that have occurred in their pupils and encourage them to adopt good eating habits. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded from the result of the current study that male undergraduates are more prone toward disturbed eating habits than female undergraduates. The findings of this study can assist guidance counselors, general public, students, parents, and academic institutions in dealing with eating disorders, particularly in preventing it from the severity level.

Marriage is a bond that ties two individuals into a conjugal relationship. This relationship is vital in Islam since it makes a family, a family changes over into a clan and ultimately the clan moves in the society. Islam appends extraordinary significance to this bond, so simplicity is liked in this relationship. The aim of this research was to examine the marriage customs in the Peshawar region. The investigation uncovered that the vast majority in the Peshawar region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is embracing non-Shariah ceremonies at weddings. The ceremonies of marriage functions in the Peshawar region are received from Hindu traditions. For the assortment of information, the statistical technique was chosen and 200 samples were made, each questionnaire had ten questions. These samples were distributed among the people (males and females) randomly and gathered perspectives were shown through different measurable tables and diagrams. The most perspectives on individuals were that the Peshawar region is embracing non-Shariah customs in wedding rituals. It is an explanation of the ignorant of Islamic teachings. With the progression of time, individuals are moving towards destruction because of less knowledge about Islam. In this manner, the desperate need of it that Islamic teachings ought to be followed and simplicity ought to be embraced in wedding rituals. This exploration paper can be helpful and informative in its particular field for researchers and readers.

Marriage is a bond that ties two individuals into a conjugal relationship. This relationship is vital in Islam since it makes a family, a family changes over into a clan and ultimately the clan moves in the society. Islam appends extraordinary significance to this bond, so simplicity is liked in this relationship. The aim of this research was to examine the marriage customs in the Peshawar region. The investigation uncovered that the vast majority in the Peshawar region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is embracing non-Shariah ceremonies at weddings. The ceremonies of marriage functions in the Peshawar region are received from Hindu traditions. For the assortment of information, the statistical technique was chosen and 200 samples were made, each questionnaire had ten questions. These samples were distributed among the people (males and females) randomly and gathered perspectives were shown through different measurable tables and diagrams. The most perspectives on individuals were that the Peshawar region is embracing non-Shariah customs in wedding rituals. It is an explanation of the ignorant of Islamic teachings. With the progression of time, individuals are moving towards destruction because of less knowledge about Islam. In this manner, the desperate need of it that Islamic teachings ought to be followed and simplicity ought to be embraced in wedding rituals. This exploration paper can be helpful and informative in its particular field for researchers and readers.

The community structures of epiphytic bacteria on the surface of macroalgae are closely related to their host algae, but there is a lack of research on the differences between the epiphytic bacterial communities of male and female algae and their reproductive tissues. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to compare epiphytic bacterial community structures on the intertidal macroalgae Sargassum thunbergii and their receptacles between male and female samples. The epiphytic bacteria on the male and female algal bodies and receptacles had similar community structures with a large number of shared bacteria, but the samples clearly clustered separately, and the abundances of dominant taxa, specific bacteria, and indicator species differed, indicating that epiphytic bacterial communities differed significantly between the male and female S. thunbergii and their receptacles. In addition, the abundance of many predicted functional genes was significantly different between epiphytic bacteria on male and female algal bodies and receptacles, especially metabolism-related genes, and the abundances of predicted functional genes of epiphytic bacteria were significantly higher on both types of male samples than on female samples. Our study confirmed that the sex of the host algae influenced the epiphytic bacterial community structures on algae and algal reproductive tissues, and this role was mainly related to the host metabolism. The results reveal the role of host plant sex in the formation of epiphytic bacterial communities. These findings are helpful for obtaining an in-depth understanding of the construction mechanism of algae-associated bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epiphytic bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms on marine macroalga. However, there are few studies on the distribution of these epiphytic bacteria on male and female Sargassum thunbergii. In this study, the composition and diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities on male and female S. thunbergii were investigated by using the traditional culture-based method and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the dominant bacterial phyla and genera were the same on both male and female S. thunbergii. However, there were significant differences in the relative abundance of epiphytic bacteria at the genus level. Furthermore, male and female S. thunbergii had their own indicative species and specific bacteria. In addition, the predicted functions of the epiphytic bacteria mainly differed in transport and metabolism, environmental adaptation and spore development. This study enriches the baseline knowledge of epiphytic bacteria related to dioecious algae and paves the way for further studies of the relationships between epiphytic microbial communities and the sex of algae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Theology / Roczniki Teologiczne is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most of the ancient Chinese medicine books are written in classical Chinese. The characters "left" and "right" appear many times in these books, initially referring to "left hand" and "right hand. " Later generations evolved and extended its concept and connotation, giving it multiple meanings. This article studies the meaning of the words "left" and "right" in ancient books. Our main findings are as follows; (1) the majority of the time, "left" and "right" still refer to the left and right hands, and sometimes they are extended to the left and right sides of the human body; (2) left is yang and right is yin, but the kidney' s yin is left and the kidney' s yang is right; (3) the right is the place of qi and the left is the place of blood; however, Zhang Jiebin emphasized that qi and blood are fundamental to each other and cannot be divided into left and right forcibly; (4) when diagnosing diseases, there is a rule of "typhoid fever takes the left vein as the surface and the right vein as the inside, miscellaneous diseases take the right vein as the surface and the left vein as the inside ;" and (5) the fetal male and female can be distinguished from the aerodynamics of the left and right yin and yang of the pregnant woman, the left and right sides of the uterus, and the left and right pulses, and the left and right sides may be directly used to refer to the gender of men and women. In short, in the study of ancient Chinese medicine books, the meaning of a word or words depends on the historical background, the context of the text, and the writing habits of the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Asian arowana, Scleropages formosus , is one of the most expensive aquarium fish species worldwide. Its sex, however, cannot be distinguished clearly at any development stage, which impedes captive breeding and species protection for this endangered aquarium fish. Results To discover molecular clues to the sex of Asian arowana, we sequenced 26.5 Gb of PacBio HiFi reads and 179.2 Gb of Hi-C reads for 1 male fish and also sequenced 106.5 Gb of Illumina reads, 36.0 Gb of PacBio Sequel reads, and 80.7 Gb of Hi-C reads for 1 female individual. The final male and female genome assemblies were approximately 756.8 Mb and 781.5 Mb in length and contained 25,262 and 25,328 protein-coding genes, respectively. We also resequenced the genomes of 15 male and 15 female individuals with approximately 722.1 Gb of Illumina reads. A genome-wide association study identified several potentially divergent regions between male and female individuals. In these regions, cd48 and cfap52 could be candidate genes for sex determination of Asian arowana. We also found some structural variations in few chromosomes between male and female individuals. Conclusion We provided an improved reference genome assembly of female arowana and generated the first sequenced genome of 1 male individual. These valuable genetic resources and resequencing data may improve global aquarium fish research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rodent models of depression are useful for the investigation of cellular and neuronal mechanisms of antidepressant drugs and for the discovery of potential new targets. In this study, we examined the antidepressant‐like effect of scopolamine, a non‐selective muscarinic antagonist, in a genetic mouse model of depression obtained through a selective breeding strategy and called H/Rouen. In this model, we observed that scopolamine was active both in males and females at a lower dose (0.03 mg/kg) in the tail suspension test, 30 min following its administration, than observed in CD‐1 mice. In addition, we showed this antidepressant‐like effect was partly inhibited by an injection of 10 mg/kg of the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX in both males and females, suggesting the antidepressant‐like effect of scopolamine was mainly driven by AMPA receptors in the H/Rouen mouse line. Altogether, our results showed the high sensitivity of the H/Rouen mouse model of depression to study the antidepressant‐like effects of pharmacological compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to the problem of the relationship between the two halves of Genesis 1:27 (“So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them”). The question of the relationship between the two halves of the verse is examined in light of various interpretations of the expressions “image of God” *1 and “male and female” *2 in texts from the Second Temple era, the New Testament and Rabbinic literature. Within this group of texts, a common line of usage for the two separate halves of the verses (Gen 1:27a, b (Gen 5:1b, 2а)) predominates, both in terms of quotation and in terms of interpretation. In the ancient texts listed, we can observe two basic trends vis-a-vis the expressions “image of God” and “male and female”. The first trend, dealing with the fulfillment of God’s words, “and let them have dominion over all the earth” *3 and God’s command “be fruitful and multiply, fill the earth and subdue it” *4, relates to man’s calling to be the ruler of the earth and to childbearing. The second trend is found in the context of striving for eternal life, appearing on the one hand in Philo’s understanding of the “heavenly man”, and on the other hand in Christian conceptions of Christ as the image of God *5 and of there being “neither male nor female” *6 in Christ and in the Church.

How did the concept of sex relations change through ages? Physical intimacy – heterosexual and homosexual – has been described in history from the antiquity. The social components of sexual behavior – taboos, regulations, the influence of society and politics – have had a profound impact on the world cultures, starting from the prehistoric times.

The present study aims at investigating the impact of gender and being native and non-native on the use of hedging devices in the discussion part of Applied Linguistics research papers written by native English/non-native (Iranian) male and female research writers. To this end, 60 Applied Linguistic research papers (15 for each group of research writers) were investigated based on Salager-Meyer, Françoise. 1994. Hedges and textual communicative function in medical English written discourse. English for Specific Purposes 13(2). 149–170 taxonomy. The results of Chi-square analyses indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between male and female research writers in terms of the frequency of use of hedging devices adopted in the discussion part of the research papers in the realm of Applied Linguistics. Moreover, the results of the study showed that the discussion parts of Applied Linguistics research papers written by male and female native English research writers were more hedged than those written by their Iranian counterparts. The pedagogical and implications of the findings are dealt with in the discussion and conclusion sections of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current work is to examine the concentrations of nine heavy metals such as chromium, nickel, copper, cadmium, zinc, cobalt, iron, lead, and metal (aluminium) in two body parts (carapace and walking legs) of Liocarcinus depurator from different stations (İlyas bey, Cide koyu, Anadolu feneri, igneada) in the western Black Sea coast of Turkey. And this study was carried out to examine morphological properties of Liocarcinus depurator in the region. The sex ratio (female/male) of 387 samples was calculated as F/M = 1:0.945. The mean carapace length and width were measured as 20.41 ± 2.41 mm and 25.10 ± 2.78 mm for female and 25.49 ± 3.33 mm and 32.32 ± 4.50 mm for male individually. The mean weight of crabs was measured as 4.09 ± 1.37 g for females and 8.33 ± 3.35 g for males. The samples were investigated trace metals by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Ranges over trace metals in all samples of L. depurator as follows: Cr 0.6–1.5, Mn 21–130, Cu 8–37, Zn 6–40, Cd 0.2–1.5, Pb 0.1–3.6, Co 0.1–1.1, Fe 22–160, and Ni 0.6–1 mg/kg wet wt. The walking legs and carapace/exoskeleton of female and male crabs were analyzed and contained various concentrations of Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Cd, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn elements. The order of the heavy metal in all samples of L. depurator is shown as Fe > Cu > Mn > Zn > Cr > Cr > Ni > Cd > Pb > Co. In this research, metal levels of the crab samples compared between female and male and found highest mean metal concentrations in the station number 3 (Anadolu feneri) that the Al concentration in the carapace of female was 295.0 mg/kg wet wt and in the walking legs was 306.67 mg/kg wet wt, in the carapace of male was 264.4 mg/kg wet wt, and in the walking legs was 162.61 mg/kg wet wt in station number 3 (Anadolu feneri). The purpose of this work is to analyze the metal composition of this type of crab, which is abundant in the Black Sea region and is not planned to be attached to fisherman's nets, to evaluate whether it will be useful or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pensares em Revista is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Young adults are in an intermediate phase as they are emerging from adolescence to adulthood. During adolescence, they face various distractions which creates a significant impact on their academic performance. Sometimes it may also result is academic failures. Academic resilience is the ability to cope with failures during the educative years in one's life. The extent to which an individual is resilient, is affected by the support and encouragement received during the time of crisis. This study measures the level of academic resilience across gender and course of study among young adults who have had low academic performance in II PUC /12th grades and explores the combined affect of gender and course of study on academic resilience. The data was collected from 61 participants, (26 females & 35 males) using Google forms, across the states of Karnataka and Kerala. The Academic Resilience Scale [ARS-30] by Martin and Marsh (2006) was used for assessing the academic resilience, The data represented normal distribution, hence Two-way ANOVA is used for statistical analysis. The results revealed that males are academically more resilient. Significant difference is seen among participants, across their course of study, with respect to the level of academic resilience. There is significant interaction effect of gender and course of study on academic resilience among young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Emotional intelligence is one of the key components for a successful, fulfilling, and happy life. Aperson is said to be emotionally intelligent when he feels proper emotion in a proper situation and express it in a proper quantity. The present study was undertaken in Hisar district of Haryana state. Two schools of Hisar city and two Govt senior secondary schools of Kaimri from Block-I and Rawalwas from Block-II, were selected randomly. Emotional intelligence scale (EIS) developed by Hyde et al. (2001) was used to measure the emotional intelligence. A sample of 120 rural and 120 urban respondents including equal number of males and females of 14-16 year age were taken, thus to make a total sample of240 adolescents. Majority of males and females living in rural area had normal level of emotional intelligence followed by above average and below average. Similar trend was observed for urban respondents. Mean scores of females were slightly better in some aspects of emotional intelligence with their counterpart's, viz., overall emotional intelligence and its aspects self-awareness, empathy, emotional stability, managing relation, integrity and commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Circadian rhythms are patterns of behaviour, physiology, and metabolism that occur within a period of approximately 24 h. The higher risk of breast and prostate cancers among shift workers, as well as the general population, are reported to be associated with circadian rhythm disruption caused by exposure to light at night. We focused on the effects of bright light before bed comparing effects between men and women. Methods: Male and female healthy volunteers aged 20–30 were exposed to 4 hours of bright light before bed for 3 and 4 days. Results: We analyzed the shift of circadian rhythms of subjects based on cortisol secretion patterns in response to short periods of bright-light exposure at bedtime. We also found an increase of oxidative stress including MDA, 8-OHdG, and total antioxidants in both male and female volunteers. Conclusion: These results suggest that bright light exposure before sleep, often encounter in modern daily life, has a considerable influence on the human body. The chronic effects of light exposure before bed time such as the carcinogenic effects caused by circadian disruption and oxidative stress need further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of life (QOL) male and female, the connections that they build up, and their work have changed significantly in the previous 50 years. QOL is influenced by different angles, for example, individuals' physical and emotional well-being, family and social relationship, or networks. Some investigations displayed steady discoveries proposing that the dimension of the QOL is fundamentally influenced by age, instructive dimensions, and occupation and education. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the principle affecting variables on QOL vary by gender difference. An employee is being largely affected by his or her quality of life. Therefore, intentions of the researchers in the field of executive field is to focus on the quality of life of an employees who are responsible for executive decision making Thus, the identified factor could be affecting the level of employee's quality of life are their gender. The present investigation was conducted with the main aim to evaluate the gender difference on the QOL and their domains -"physical, psychological, social & environmental".A sample of 300 employees(160 males and 140 females) working in various multinational IT companies located in NCR - Delhi, Gurgaon, and Noida were selected for the presents study. WHOQualiy of life (WHOQOL - BREF, World Health Organization (1996)) was administered on the sample. The descriptive statistics was calculated which includes the mean and range for scale. Comparison of male and female managers on QOL and their domains-"physical, psychological, social & environmental" were computed by using t-test. Results reveals that males scored high on physical QoL (t = -3.098; p ≤ .002), psychological QoL (t = -2.471; p ≤ .014), social QoL (t = -4.938; p ≤ .001), environmental QoL (t = -3.412; p ≤ .001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student diversity issue in school is one of the subjects in educational research. The quite apparent problem of student diversity in the school is gender differences. Male and female are different in some ways. Several studies have revealed the influence of gender differences on a wide range of students' abilities. Mahanal (2011) revealed that there was an effect of gender differences on metacognition skills and critical thinking abilities of high school students in Malang city. This research is aimed to determine the metacognition skills and motivation differences of male and female student on the biology subject through the implementation of Reading Questioning and Answering (RQA) combined with Think Pair Share (TPS) learning strategies. This research used quasy-experiment of pre test- post test nonequivalent group design. The research populations were all of

This study investigated the effects of immersive multimedia language learning technique on performance in English in terms of oral production skills in reading and speaking that involved six measures, namely, pausing, phrasing, stress, intonation, rate, and integration without the mediation of the first language of the students amongst both males and females. A quasi-experimental design was employed for the study. Eighty first-year university students enrolled in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) course were selected for this study and the teaching treatment was followed for eight sessions with one session per week. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The findings showed that following the immersive multimedia learning, male students in the immersive multimedia group with peer support performed significantly better in four of the six measures of reading skills, namely, phrasing, stress, intonation, and integration as compared to their counterparts in the non-peer supported groups and there were no significant differences for pausing and rate. On the other hand, female students in the immersive multimedia learning with peer support group performed significantly better in all six measures of oral production for reading and speaking than their counterparts in the groups without peer support. These findings showed that the immersive multimedia technique with peer support reduced the use of code-switching strategies by the students and enabled them to develop oral production skills in English approaching the patterns of native speakers especially amongst the female students.

We are living in a digital era in which everybody who is not participating will be left behind. Yes, that is true. We are all chased by the rapid changes of this era, and we are running faster and faster to catch up with the latest technology. It seems as if we are all haunted to go deeper and deeper into the "tunnel of the digital era". The same thing happens in the world of education. However, if we notice more closely, there are still some aspects that can be done directly without necessitating the use of technology. One example is studentstudent direct interactions. Technology can be used to facilitate peer assessments, not replace student-student interactions. One central research question to be answered in this paper is: What are male and female Indonesian students' points of views towards peer reviews? Despite all the sophisticated technology we are all exposed to in this era, peer feedback should still be done directly with real, face-to-face communication in a classroom setting. Indirect online communication or chatting through social media may cause a misunderstanding and misinterpretation of one's ideas. Data for this study was taken from 39 students' opinions in their journals. They were Academic Writing class students of the English Department of UKSW Indonesia, in Semester II, 2015-2016. Most students stated that direct and interactive face-to-face communication is still needed. It proves that digitation cannot replace everything. Real communication with real peers in the real - not cyber - world can enhance successful learning. The findings also reveal that differences were found between male and female students' reactions or perceptions towards peer reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Everybody is talking about how young generation is more open, more aware of the diversity, more willing to try, to change, to cross barrier. They are described as iGen (Twenge, 2017) or Linkster Generation (Johnson & Johnson, 2012) and the specialist anticipate important differences in how this generation experience life. In the present research we were interested to check if well recognized gender stereotypes are still identifiable in children or if they are blurred in the light of technology. The results showed that the stereotypes are found both in 5-6 years old children and in 10-11 years old, with only minor differences. Also, the gender of the respondents is not a significant criterion in differentiated the frequencies of the stereotypes. Implication of the findings are also discussed as more in-depth research on the field are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]