Normal ECG standards and percentile charts for infants, children and adolescents

Background: Normal ECG standards in newborns, infants, children and adolescents have been collected and published by many authors. Only those by Davignon et al., Rijinbeek et al. and our two studies covered all ages from birth to adolescence. The standards reflecting the growth and development of the heart in infants, children and adolescents remained to be studied and explored. Methods: We selected from our ECG database, after discussions and consultation, 15 key ECG parameters and analyzed for their age- and sex-specific mean, standard deviation and 2nd to 98th percentiles and their percentile charts were constructed. Results: The ranges and distributions of the normal ECG standards, means and 2nd to 98th percentiles of 15 key parameters were established. Conclusion: A complete set of normal ECG standards of 15 key parameters from birth to adolescents is available for clinicians and researchers.