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The physiotherapist professional activities, in the beginning were focused only in the clinical field, nowadays it has many different action fields including Physical Activity. Physical activity can be viewed from two dimensions: one biological, which is defined as any activity which requires energy expenditure involving the combined action of multiple systems; on the other side social, understood as a human activity concerning subjectivity conditions influenced by the environment where the individual and the community are developed. Given these dimensions as well as national and international benchmarks this paper’s objective is to present a series of reflections that the authors have done regarding the physiotherapist professional performance in the field of physical activity and the large possibilities derived from their practice in this field.

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Axenically grownEntamoeba histolyticaproduces a pentapeptide (Met-Gln-Cys-Asn-Ser) with several anti-inflammatory properties, including the inhibition of human monocyte locomotion (Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor(MLIF)). A construct displays the same effects as the native material. It remains to be seen if MLIF is used, or even producedin vivoby the tissue-invading parasite. If MLIF were to be relevant in invasive amoebiasis, immunizing against it could diminish this parasite advantage and prevent lesions. KLH-linked MLIF mixed with Freund's adjuvant was too aggressive an immunizing material to answer this question. However, immunization with a tetramer of MLIF (but not ascrambledversion of MLIF) around a lysine core (MLIF–MAPS), that displays increased antigenicity, yet lacks excessive innate immunity activation, completely protects gerbils against amoebic abscess of the liver caused by the intraportal injection of virulentE. histolytica.Liver abscesses caused byListeria monocytogeneswere not prevented. InvasiveE. histolyticamay produce the parent protein of MLIFin vivo, and if appropriately cleaved, it may play a role in invasive amoebiasis. MLIF may join new vaccination strategies against amoebiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esta tesis está vinculada con las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), y la Educación. Dentro de las mismas, el diseño y creación de materiales educativos digitales a través del paradigma de Objetos de Aprendizaje (OA) sigue siendo un reto a nivel superior, tanto para los educadores como para los equipos de producción de estos materiales educativos, puesto que su creación implica una lógica de diseño que excede lo netamente tecnológico. A lo anterior se suma, la falta de una definición práctica y consensuada sobre lo que es un OA, lo que ha originado una serie de propuestas y metodologías para el diseño y creación de OA desde distintas perspectivas tanto tecnológicas como educativas. Entonces, surgen algunas preguntas motivadoras que se plantean en el marco de esta tesis y son las siguientes: ¿Cuál es la relación que existe entre tecnología y educación en el paradigma de OA? ¿Qué tipos de propuestas y metodologías se han utilizado hasta la fecha para llevar a la práctica el diseño y creación de OA? ¿Es posible conocer cuál es la orientación (ya sea tecnológica o educativa) de una propuesta o metodología sin abordar su implementación? ¿Cómo puede un docente seleccionar una metodología que sea adecuada para el diseño y creación de OA para un contexto determinado? ¿Es posible desarrollar un marco de análisis que permita recomendar metodologías para diseñar OA para un contexto específico?

Los grupos étnicos poseen en su unidades de producción agrícola una gran biodiversidad vegetal conservada producto de un amplio conocimiento ancestral empírico sobre los recursos naturaes. Para obtener el articulo completo pueden contactar al Editor de la Revista Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios en el siguiente correo electrónico era@ujat.mx y se les enviará sin algún costo.

Chagas disease is becoming a public health problem in Latin America due to the wide distribution, the high prevalence, the magnitude of the damage caused and the difficulties to control it. In Paraguay, the disease is mainly distributed in the departments of Paraguari, Cordillera and Central. Prevalence in marginal zones, where migrations from rural populations and endemic areas make possible the urbanization of the disease, has no been studied yet. This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional sampling and a probabilistic system recruitment carried out in school aged children from marginal zones of Asuncion to determine the prevalence of Chagas' disease. Serological methods, parasite isolation and questionnaires were used to achieve the goals. Nine hundred and fifty three children were studied to determine the prevalence of Chagas' disease in marginal zones which was 1.4%.

Abstract Background More than 50 mutations in the UBE3A gene (E6-AP ubiquitin protein ligase gene) have been found in Angelman syndrome patients with no deletion, no uniparental disomy, and no imprinting defect. Case Presentation We here describe a novel UBE3A frameshift mutation in two siblings who have inherited it from their asymptomatic mother. Despite carrying the same UBE3A mutation, the proband shows a more severe phenotype whereas his sister shows a milder phenotype presenting the typical AS features. Conclusions We hypothesized that the mutation Leu125Stop causes both severe and milder phenotypes. Potential mechanisms include: i) maybe the proband has an additional problem (genetic or environmental) besides the UBE3A mutation; ii) since the two siblings have different fathers, the UBE3A mutation is interacting with a different genetic variant in the proband that, by itself, does not cause problems but in combination with the UBE3A mutation causes the severe phenotype; iii) this UBE3A mutation alone can cause either typical AS or the severe clinical picture seen in the proband.

This research examines ten innovative classroom practices during de academic year of 2000-2001. The aim is to determine whether the learning perceptions held by students from diverse demographic and cultural backgrounds differ among them. Employing the ANOVA statistical technique, the study documents classroom environment effects. The article suggests a return to the paradigm of faculty development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Social norms campaigns are communication strategies designed to influence people's behaviour by highlighting the social norms of their reference group. Such campaigns have been shown to be effective in promoting healthy behaviours in a variety of settings. This study explored the effectiveness of a social norms campaign applied to COVID-19 protective behaviours among university students during the pandemic., Methods: A total of 141 university students (83.1% female, 16.9% male) with a mean age of 21.55 years ( SD  = 4.33) initially took part in an experimental pre-test-post-test longitudinal panel study between January and July 2022, with participants randomly assigned to a control group (46 participants) or an experimental group (95 participants). Considering the experimental attrition, only 83 participants completed the last questionnaire (81.9% female, 18.1% male; mean age = 22.12 years, SD  = 5.29), of whom 32 belonged to the control group and 51 to the experimental group., Results: The Student's t -test show that participants in the experimental group, who were exposed to the campaign, reported higher levels of self-efficacy, protective behavioural intention, and protective behaviours than the control group., Discussion: It is concluded that social norms campaigns applied to COVID-19 protective behaviours are effective in times of pandemic and might be extrapolated to other epidemic contexts., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Cuadrado, Arenas, Tabernero and Maldonado.)

The aim of this research was to test the effect of training impure tact versus pure tact and intraverbals on the emergence of new verbal operants (impure tacts), thus establishing a conceptual and methodological differentiation on these operants. This was done by varying the training order of intraverbal or impure tact to analyze and confirm whether or not impure tact is the mere sum of pure tact plus intraverbal and therefore has different functions and consequences in learning. An experiment was conducted with 30 participants randomly assigned to three groups. In Group 1, pure tact plus intraverbal and then impure tact were trained. In Group 3 the training order of these operants was counterbalanced. Group 2 was the control group, training only pure tact plus intraverbal. After the training phases, the emergence of impure tacts was tested. The results of this research indicate that the training of impure tacts favors the emergence of new impure tacts to a greater extent than the training of pure tact plus intraverbal and that they therefore have different functions. It is also shown that variation in the order of presentation of the type of training influences the subsequent emergence of new operants (impure tacts), so that creating a previous history of learning in impure tacts favors emergence even when the intraverbal alone is subsequently trained. This has important implications at both conceptual and methodological levels as it would contribute to the development of more effective language training technologies., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Precise regulation of gene expression is of utmost importance during cell fate specification. DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism that plays a significant role in the regulation of cell fate by recruiting repression proteins or inhibiting the binding of transcription factors to DNA to regulate gene expression. Limb development is a well-established model for understanding cell fate decisions, and the formation of skeletal elements is coordinated through a sequence of events that control chondrogenesis spatiotemporally. It has been established that epigenetic control participates in cartilage maturation. However, further investigation is required to determine its role in the earliest stages of chondrocyte differentiation. This study investigates how the DNA methylation environment affects cell fate divergence during the early chondrogenic events. Our research has shown for the first time that inhibiting DNA methylation in interdigital tissue with 5-azacytidine results in the formation of an ectopic digit. This discovery suggested that DNA methylation dynamics could regulate the fate of cells between chondrogenesis and cell death during autopod development. Our in vitro findings indicate that DNA methylation at the early stages of chondrogenesis is integral in regulating condensation by controlling cell adhesion and proapoptotic genes. As a result, the dynamics of methylation and demethylation are crucial in governing chondrogenesis and cell death during different stages of limb chondrogenesis., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Exhausted CD8 T cells (T EX ) are associated with worse outcome in cancer yet better outcome in autoimmunity. Building on our past findings of increased TIGIT + KLRG1 + T EX with teplizumab therapy in type 1 diabetes (T1D), in the absence of treatment we found that the frequency of TIGIT + KLRG1 + T EX is stable within an individual but differs across individuals in both T1D and healthy control (HC) cohorts. This TIGIT + KLRG1 + CD8 T EX population shares an exhaustion-associated EOMES gene signature in HC, T1D, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and cancer subjects, expresses multiple inhibitory receptors, and is hyporesponsive in vitro , together suggesting co-expression of TIGIT and KLRG1 may broadly define human peripheral exhausted cells. In HC and RA subjects, lower levels of EOMES transcriptional modules and frequency of TIGIT + KLRG1 + T EX were associated with RA HLA risk alleles (DR0401, 0404, 0405, 0408, 1001) even when considering disease status and cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity. Moreover, the frequency of TIGIT + KLRG1 + T EX was significantly increased in RA HLA risk but not non-risk subjects treated with abatacept (CTLA4Ig). The DR4 association and selective modulation with abatacept suggests that therapeutic modulation of T EX may be more effective in DR4 subjects and T EX may be indirectly influenced by cellular interactions that are blocked by abatacept., Competing Interests: SL has past and current research projects sponsored by Janssen and SonomaBio. She is a member of the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group. VM is currently employed by The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson. HU is currently employed by Anocca AB. VW is currently employed by Notch Therapeutics. JT is currently employed by Bristol Myers Squibb. PL is a consultant for Link Therapeutics. JB is a Scientific Co-Founder and Scientific Advisory Board member of GentiBio, a consultant for Bristol Myers Squibb, Neoleukin Therapeutics and Hotspot Therapeutics, and has past and current research projects sponsored by Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer. She is a member of the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group, a partner of the Allen Institute for Immunology, and a member of the Scientific Advisory Boards for the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and BMS Immunology. JB also has a patent for tenascin-C autoantigenic epitopes in rheumatoid arthritis. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Long, Muir, Jones, Wall, Ylescupidez, Hocking, Pribitzer, Thorpe, Fuchs, Wiedeman, Tatum, Lambert, Uchtenhagen, Speake, Ng, Heubeck, Torgerson, Savage, Maldonado, Ray, Khaychuk, Liu, Linsley and Buckner.)

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) risk associated with abatacept treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)., Methods: This evaluation included 16 abatacept RA clinical trials and 6 observational studies. NMSC incidence rates (IRs)/1000 patient-years (p-y) of exposure were compared between patients treated with abatacept versus placebo, conventional synthetic (cs) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and other biological/targeted synthetic (b/ts)DMARDs. For observational studies, a random-effects model was used to pool rate ratios (RRs)., Results: ~49 000 patients receiving abatacept were analysed from clinical trials (~7000) and observational studies (~42 000). In randomised trials (n=4138; median abatacept exposure, 12 (range 2-30) months), NMSC IRs (95% CIs) were not significantly different for abatacept (6.0 (3.3 to 10.0)) and placebo (4.0 (1.3 to 9.3)) and remained stable throughout the long-term, open-label period (median cumulative exposure, 28 (range 2-130 months); 21 335 p-y of exposure (7044 patients over 3 years)). For registry databases, NMSC IRs/1000 p-y were 5-12 (abatacept), 1.6-10 (csDMARDs) and 3-8 (other b/tsDMARDs). Claims database IRs were 19-22 (abatacept), 15-18 (csDMARDs) and 14-17 (other b/tsDMARDs). Pooled RRs (95% CIs) from observational studies for NMSC in patients receiving abatacept were 1.84 (1.00 to 3.37) vs csDMARDs and 1.11 (0.98 to 1.26) vs other b/tsDMARDs., Conclusions: Consistent with the warnings and precautions of the abatacept label, this analysis suggests a potential increase in NMSC risk with abatacept use compared with csDMARDs. No significant increase was observed compared with b/tsDMARDs, but the lower limit of the 95% CI was close to unity., Competing Interests: Competing interests: TS was an employee of and shareholder in Bristol Myers Squibb (at the time of the analysis; former employee at present). LD, VK, AD and MAM are employees of and shareholders in Bristol Myers Squibb. SS reports advisory board involvement, speaker fees and grant/research support from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Novartis. KM reports grant/research support from Rheumatology Research Foundation. MH is an employee of the University of Maryland School of Medicine (full time) and US Department of Veterans Affairs (part time); reports consultancy fees and advisory board involvement from Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Kolon TissueGene, Inc, Novartis, Pfizer, Samumed and Theralogix; is a member of the Data Safety Monitoring Committee for Galapagos, Roche, and IQVIA; reports royalties from Elsevier and UpToDate; reports stock ownership in BriOri Biotech and Theralogix; and is president of Rheumcon. MB reports consultancy fees from Novartis. JA reports grant/research support from AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Merck, Pfizer, Roche, Samsung Bioepis, Sanofi and UCB for ARTIS. AS reports speaker fees from AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Lilly, Merck, Pfizer and Roche., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Introduction: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a rare myeloid leukemia subtype affecting adult and pediatric populations. APL constitutes 15-20% of all childhood AML in Latin America, compared to 7% in the non-Latino population. This leukemia has unique characteristics, such as its association with chromosomal translocations involving the retinoid acid receptor α (RARA) gene on chromosome 17. In addition, APL is also distinct from other AML subtypes due to its response to all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), which induces terminal granulocytic differentiation of blasts. Overall 5-year survival rates are generally reported to be greater than 80%., Materials and Methods: A study was conducted from January 2008 to December 2022 applying the IC-APL 2006 treatment protocol. This case series reports the clinical results of 22 children with APL. In all cases, the diagnosis was made by bone marrow aspiration and evaluation of the t(15:17) or t(11:17) transcripts., Results: We identified 22 patients with APL, of whom 10 were female and 12 were male. Twelve patients debuted with coagulation abnormalities. The doses of anthracyclines varied according to the risk, with an average of 496.8 mgm 2 . The cardiological assessment was performed before and after chemotherapy, finding 2/22 patients with moderate sisto-diastolic dysfunction and one with mild pulmonary insufficiency at the end of treatment. There were 6/22 patients with complications related to ATRA treatment, the most frequent being pseudotumor cerebri . All complications were transitory and treated immediately without complications. In this series of cases, an overall survival of 90.6% and a relapse-free survival of 90.6% were recorded. The follow-up mean was 9.1 ± 3.8 years., Conclusion: APL is a highly curable disease when combined with ATRA and anthracyclines. In this series of cases, good long-term results were observed with the IC-APL 2006 protocol. However, in Latin America, the availability of drugs such as arsenic trioxide as the first line of treatment is an unresolved challenge., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Murillo-Maldonado, Galván, Ortega, Morales, Villegas and Acosta.)

Optical magnetometers based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic vapor can in principle achieve outstanding sensitivity and accuracy in a small volume. Up until now, however, the predicted fundamental quantum-noise-limited sensitivity has not been achieved in practice due to various technical limitations associated with the measurement apparatus. Here we analyze these restrictions and propose viable mitigation strategies for performance optimization. As an example, we show that an EIT magnetometer can theoretically achieve sensitivity better than 100 fT at 1 s measurement time under realistic conditions.

Importance: Immune dysregulation contributes to poorer outcomes in COVID-19., Objective: To investigate whether abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab provides benefit when added to standard care for COVID-19 pneumonia., Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a master protocol to investigate immunomodulators added to standard care for treatment of participants hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The results of 3 substudies are reported from 95 hospitals at 85 clinical research sites in the US and Latin America. Hospitalized patients 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 14 days and evidence of pulmonary involvement underwent randomization between October 2020 and December 2021., Interventions: Single infusion of abatacept (10 mg/kg; maximum dose, 1000 mg) or infliximab (5 mg/kg) or a 28-day oral course of cenicriviroc (300-mg loading dose followed by 150 mg twice per day)., Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was time to recovery by day 28 evaluated using an 8-point ordinal scale (higher scores indicate better health). Recovery was defined as the first day the participant scored at least 6 on the ordinal scale., Results: Of the 1971 participants randomized across the 3 substudies, the mean (SD) age was 54.8 (14.6) years and 1218 (61.8%) were men. The primary end point of time to recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia was not significantly different for abatacept (recovery rate ratio [RRR], 1.12 [95% CI, 0.98-1.28]; P = .09), cenicriviroc (RRR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.86-1.18]; P = .94), or infliximab (RRR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.99-1.28]; P = .08) compared with placebo. All-cause 28-day mortality was 11.0% for abatacept vs 15.1% for placebo (odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.41-0.94]), 13.8% for cenicriviroc vs 11.9% for placebo (OR, 1.18 [95% CI 0.72-1.94]), and 10.1% for infliximab vs 14.5% for placebo (OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.39-0.90]). Safety outcomes were comparable between active treatment and placebo, including secondary infections, in all 3 substudies., Conclusions and Relevance: Time to recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia among hospitalized participants was not significantly different for abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab vs placebo., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04593940.

Melanoides tuberculata is a freshwater snail native to Old World tropical areas but has invaded tropical and subtropical regions around the world. In Argentina, populations established in natural environments were reported from northeastern tropical provinces. Here we report for the first time the presence of M. tuberculata in a geothermally warmed channel in temperate Southern Pampas. We mapped its distribution in the channel, searched for its presence in five nearby basins, estimated the risk of establishment and expansion in Argentina with distribution models and analyzed shape variation through geometric morphometrics. Melanoides tuberculata was recorded exclusively in the channel in sites with temperatures between 20 and 40°C, with almost no overlap with other snails. No evidence of M. tuberculata was found in nearby basins. The distribution model predicted that only northernmost areas from Argentina are suitable for this species, where it could impact snail communities and food webs if introduction through the aquarium trade is not prevented. The absence of males indicates parthenogenetic reproduction and probably a recent invasion. Shell shape variation in this population, 15 % of which is attributable to allometry, encompasses the shapes of specimens from other South American populations, suggesting that all belong to the same lineage.

Introduction: Acute leukemia accounts for more than 30% of all pediatric cancer cases, and of these, 15-20% are acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Children who super from AML are more likely to develop infections due to the humoral and cellular immune deficits generated by the disease and its treatment. The incidence of fungal infections is underestimated; reports show that up to 75% of fungal infections go undiagnosed until autopsy. In only 30 years, the incidence of invasive candidiasis has increased by 40-fold. Thus, the high morbidity and mortality associated with fungal infections in hematological patients make it necessary to adopt preventive measures., Methods: This work aimed to retrospectively identify pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia and invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) in a Latin American tertiary care hospital. A retrospective analysis of 36 clinical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with AML from 2007 to 2017 was carried out., Results: One hundred and twenty-nine hospitalizations were associated with infectious events. Thirteen patients in our study presented 15 infectious events associated with IFDs (11.6%). Two patients died because of complications related to IFDs (15.3%). The most frequent IFD type was aspergillosis, which was observed in 7 cases, followed by Candidemia, which was observed in 4 cases. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever and respiratory distress., Discussion: Mortality due to IFD can be prevented with effective pharmacotherapy. An appropriate antifungal prophylaxis strategy still needs to be developed through larger prospective studies in Latin America., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Ávila Montiel, Saucedo Campos, Avilés Robles, Murillo Maldonado, Jiménez Juárez, Silva Dirzo and Dorantes Acosta.)

Nowadays, atom-based quantum sensors are leaving the laboratory towards field applications requiring compact and robust laser systems. Here we describe the realization of a compact laser system for atomic gravimetry. Starting with a single diode laser operating at 780 nm and adding only one fiber electro-optical modulator, one acousto-optical modulator and one laser amplifier we produce laser beams at all the frequencies required for a Rb-87 atomic gravimeter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an atomic fountain configuration can also be implemented with our laser system. The modulated system reported here represents a substantial advance in the simplification of the laser source for transportable atom-based quantum sensors that can be adapted to other sensors such as atomic clocks, accelerometers, gyroscopes or magnetometers with minor modifications.