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The paper studied and biochemical characteristics of pathogenic strains of bacteria isolated from necrotic pear flower buds in the region of Leskovac. Strains were gram negative, fluoresce on King's medium B (KB), does not produce oxidase, produce levan and HR caused by tobacco. On the basis of pathogenicity tests, biochemical and physiological properties and molecular methods (PCR) revealed that these symptoms cause the Krusce Psudomnoas syringae, more widespread and economically stetninji pear pathogen not only in Leskovac, but throughout Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bray-Liebhafsky (BL) oscillatory reaction generated in the batch reactor at 62- 68 °C was perturbed by cobalt(II)-nitrate, supported on the macroreticular copolymer of poly-4-vinylpyridine with divinylbenzene (Co-PVPDVB). The kinetic data was analyzed of the complex pathways of the hydrogen peroxide decomposition in the examined BL reaction. The obtained results confirm that the kinetics of the BL reaction in the presence Co-PVPDVB comes partially from the Co-catalyst and partially from the macroreticular copolymer support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Phloretin is a key secondary metabolite produced by apple trees. Known for its strong antioxidant properties, this dihydrochalcone has been extensively studied in animals but less so in plants. Recently, we identified phloretin as a phytotoxic allelochemical that inhibits growth in the model plant Arabidopsis by disrupting auxin metabolism and distribution in the roots. In this study, we found that phloretin significantly hinders the growth of Arabidopsis seedlings' aerial parts after a short-term treatment (10 days) and causes their decay after long-term exposure (28 days). These effects result from ultrastructural damage in the mesophyll cells of the leaves, including chloroplast displacement and swelling, lesions, and alterations in thylakoid and cell wall organization. Interestingly, phloretin-treated plants showed a decrease in malondialdehyde levels and antioxidant enzyme activities, while hydrogen peroxide and proline levels remained unchanged. This suggests that phloretin-induced chlorosis and seedling decay are not due to oxidative stress but rather to severe chloroplast structural damage, leading to inefficient photosynthesis, starch degradation, starvation, and activation of micro- and macroautophagic processes for self-preservation. Ultimately, these processes result in programmed cell death. These new insights into the phytotoxic effects of phloretin on Arabidopsis shoots could pave the way for future research into phloretin as a potential multitarget bioherbicide and enhance our understanding of autoallelopathy in apple trees., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

The main goal of our study was to find an optimal combination of tested factors to achieve lettuce rich in bioactive compounds sustaining its pleasant taste. We examined three red and three green cultivars in a greenhouse using two microbiological fertilisers (EM Aktiv and Vital Tricho), and their combination. Plants were grown in three consecutive growing seasons (autumn, winter, and spring). Lactones accumulated in autumn, whereas phenolics' concentration rose during winter. Red cultivars showed higher phenolics and lactone content, where chicoric acid and luteolin-7-glucoside were the most abundant in the 'Gaugin' winter trial. Lactucopicrin was the predominant lactone among tested cultivars with the highest value in the red cultivar 'Carmesi'. Solely applicated, the fertiliser EM Aktiv and Vital Tricho led to significantly higher phenolic acid and dihydrolactucopicrin content, while combined, there were notably increased levels of all detected lactones. Application of single fertilisers had no effect on flavonoid content, while the combination even reduced it. A sensory analysis showed a negative correlation between overall taste and total sesquiterpene lactones, lactucopicrin, caffeoylmalic, and chlorogenic acid, indicating a less bitter taste with decreasing content of these compounds. Our findings indicate that the cultivar, fertiliser, and growing season jointly affected all of the tested parameters, highlighting the differences in the application of EM Aktiv, Vital Tricho, and their combination.

(1) The nutritional quality of strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch) fruits, among others, is largely maintained by the presence of soluble sugars and organic acids. As the primary products of photosynthesis, they are energy depots in plants, necessary for the construction of cell constituents, but also serve as precursors of aromatic compounds and signaling molecules. (2) In this study, fruits of 25 strawberry cultivars were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized concerning individual sugars and organic acids by HPLC, FT-ICR-MS, and MS imaging analysis. In addition, the total quality index (TQI), as a novel mathematical model, was used to compare all individual parameters evaluated to obtain a quantitative single score, as an indicator of overall fruit quality. (3) Regardless of a large number of cultivars and monitored parameters that were studded, several cultivars stood out in terms of selected primary metabolites, such as 'Rumba', 'Jeny', and 'Sandra', while the latter had the best TQI score. (4) Intercultivar variations in sugars and organic acids profiles, along with other bioactive compounds, should be considered for selection of promising cultivars with improved naturally occurring nutraceutical traits. Besides the search for a pleasant taste, increased awareness of healthy nutrition resulted in heightening consumer demand for high-quality fruit.

A cohort study was conducted to examine the association of an increased body mass index (BMI) with late adverse outcomes after a carotid endarterectomy (CEA). It comprised 1597 CEAs, performed in 1533 patients at the Vascular Surgery Clinic in Belgrade, from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017. The follow-up lasted four years after CEA. Data for late myocardial infarction and stroke were available for 1223 CEAs, data for death for 1305 CEAs, and data for restenosis for 1162 CEAs. Logistic and Cox regressions were used in the analysis. The CEAs in patients who were overweight and obese were separately compared with the CEAs in patients with a normal weight. Out of 1223 CEAs, 413 (33.8%) were performed in patients with a normal weight, 583 (47.7%) in patients who were overweight, and 220 (18.0%) in patients who were obese. According to the logistic regression analysis, the compared groups did not significantly differ in the frequency of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death, as late major adverse outcomes (MAOs), or in the frequency of restenosis. According to the Cox and logistic regression analyses, BMI was neither a predictor for late MAOs, analyzed separately or all together, nor for restenosis. In conclusion, being overweight and being obese were not related to the occurrence of late adverse outcomes after a carotid endarterectomy.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic, and fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown etiology that primarily affects the elderly. Patients with IPF suffer from a heavy symptom burden and usually have a poor quality of life. Dyspnea and dry cough are predominant symptoms of IPF. Although pain is not considered one of the main symptoms of IPF, it can occur for a variety of reasons, such as hypoxia, coughing, muscle and nerve damage, deconditioning, and steroid use. The prevalence of pain in IPF patients varies greatly, ranging from around 30 to 80%, with the prevalence being estimated mostly among patients in the end-of-life period. It manifests itself in the form of muscle pain, joint discomfort, or back and chest pain. Approaches to the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain in patients with IPF include pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures that are also important to optimize the treatment of other symptoms (dyspnea and cough) and the optimal treatment of comorbidities. Given the scarcity of data on this symptom in the literature, this article summarizes what is currently known about the etiology and treatment of musculoskeletal pain in IPF., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Upsala Medical Society.)

Silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial element for plants, mostly accumulating in cell walls, where its location and content are primed by the chemistry and structure of lignin. It is unrevealed how Si interacts with the process of lignin formation in the CWs. We studied, in an in vitro system, the interaction of SiO 2 with the peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of a lignin monomer into the lignin model compound, imitating conditions of the last step of lignin formation. FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy showed that Si is bound to the final polymer, and the structure of the Si-DHP differs from pure DHP. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that Si does not bind to the monomers, so Si probably inhibits the formation of the larger lignin fragments, as evidenced by HPLC-DAD, by binding to dimmers formed during DHP synthesis. The structural changes of the polymer are related to the changed proportion of the fractions of various MW. The enzyme catalyzing DHP synthesis was not inhibited by Si. HRP activity was increased in presence of Si except for 6 mM Si. This may indicate that the complex formed with Si and short oligomers activates the enzyme, and prevents the formation of the large fragments., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Apoplastic antioxidative constituents (enzymes, primary and secondary metabolites, ROS) from different root zones of hydroponically grown maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated using a noninvasive isolation procedure: filter strip method. Filter strips were placed at specific positions on the root surface: apical zone (tip) and basal zone (base) to absorb apoplastic fluid. Three major classes of low-weight metabolites (organic acids, sugars, and phenolics) have been identified by HPLC-ECD. The longitudinal distribution of sugars and organic acids had the same pattern: higher concentration in the tip than the base, while it was vice versa for phenolics. The specific activities of guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase were higher in the apoplastic fluid from the root base than the tip, and their different isoforms were separated by isoelectric focusing. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled with the spin-trapping method using DEPMPO showed a persistent generation of hydroxyl radical in the root tip. In vivo EPR imaging of the whole maize root with membrane-permeable and impermeable aminoxyl spin-probes, enabling real-time detection of ROS formation within and outside the membranes, demonstrated ROS accumulation on the root surface, while endodermis and central cylinder were ROS free. For the first time in plant research, 2D EPR images enabled the direct demonstration of site-specific free radical production along the root. Highly sensitive analytical techniques combined with the filter strips, as a non-invasive tool, have increased our knowledge of metabolic processes occurring in the apoplast and their spatial-temporal changes in small regions of the intact root tissue., (© 2021 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.)