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Il contributo illustra come le politiche di digitalizzazione non riguardino solo le tecnologie ma soprattutto azioni di cambiamento normativo e organizzativo che consentano di ottimizzare il lavoro delle amministrazioni e che permettano di offrire a cittadini e imprese servizi efficienti online. Se in ambito amministrativo si è partiti dal principio del digital first, per cui i servizi devono essere progettati ed erogati in primo luogo in forma digitale, con l’obiettivo poi di giungere alla cd. esclusività digitale, invece da tempo l’amministrazione finanziaria ha impostato i rapporti con il contribuente secondo l’esclusività. Si è così delineato nell'indagine un'analisi in parallelo della digitalizzazione in ambito amministrativo e finanziario con lo scopo di evidenziare anche come la normativa sulle ZES offra spunti interessanti in merito, in quanto le modifiche introdotte con D.L. 91/2017 e con legge 123/2017 rafforzano i profili di digitalizzazione proprio per innovare e semplificare gli adempimenti.

Introduction: Neuropeptides are frequently identified as potential drugs for the development of new therapeutics or for the study of a variety of human cerebral diseases. Due to their instability when injected proteins and peptides need specific delivery systems, to stretch the biodisponibility. Nanocarriers can be a solution to solve the problem of transport to the central nervous system. Material and method: We performed a data literature analysis from PubMed. We analyze data from multiple studies, reporting that nanovectors are a possible drug delivery system (DDS) in the central nervous system (CNS). Results: We found that several studies are developing nanocarriers for neuropeptides delivery through intranasal route or injected. With this strategy it is possible to deliver efficiently several drugs with different natures such as small polar molecules, peptides, and proteins, and also the large proteins, polysaccharides, and even neuropeptides entering the CNS. Conclusions: We can conclude that the developments of the nanocarriers as DDS for neuropeptides and the transport through the nasal passages are a promising strategy for the delivery of neuropeptides in CNS.

Background: Plant-based diets have spread widely in the general population and among athletes too, both for well-documented health benefits and for eco-sustainability and ethical concerns. Despite appropriate nutrition is essential for satisfying training, performance, and recovery needs in athletes, little is known about the effects of plant-based diets on body composition in athletes. Appropriate training and nourishment strategies are a daily priority to arrive at victory and achieving an optimal body composition helps achieve success. Our study aimed to shed light on the adequacy of a vegetarian or vegan diet on the body composition of the athlete, in comparison with an omnivorous diet. In particular, we had tried to clarify the effects of well-structured plant-based nutrition in competitive athletes, who, previously, had never followed a diet under specialist supervision. Methods: The groups were followed for 8 months and subjected to a well-planned diet under medical supervision. Anthropometric parameters and body composition evaluation through Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) were performed in each participant. Results: All subjects, especially vegans, showed an improvement in cellular efficiency, muscle mass, and a re-distribution of body water thanks to a better distribution of macronutrients with dietary plans. These changes demonstrate improvement in the athlete's body composition thanks to well-structured plant-based diets that meet the nutrient requirements, without a change in physical training, especially in vegan athletes. Conclusions: The administration of well-structured dietetic schemes for each group has reduced the differences between omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans, underling their more difficult autonomous management and the important role of the nutrition specialist. Given the evidence collected, we demonstrate that plant-based diets are sustainable for athletes and that the role of nutritionist is central to sports and food choices to achieve an optimal body composition.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) includes a various factors such as hyperglycemia, high blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia that predispose individuals to the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Furthermore, MS is strongly associated with obesity, indeed, it is well know that abdominal and/or visceral adipose tissue accumulation is a contributory cause of MS development. These diseases are associated with multiple metabolic toxicities resulting from the oxidative stress, which are the product of reactive oxygen species. In this scenario, a corrected nutrition and adequate physical activity are important measures against MS, obesity, aging and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. In this regards, the healthy lifestyle, and in particular correct physical activity, represents one the epigenetic strategies against MS, having beneficial and anti-inflammatory effects, reducing the production of free radicals and the risk to development cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The aim of this review is to discuss on physical activity and its role in modification of lyfestile inducing beneficial effect on health status. Material and method: We performed a data literature analysis from PubMed. We analyze data from multiple studies reporting that physical activity decreases body adiposity and the physical exercise reduces the fat mass in a dose dependent. Physical activity decreases abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat indipendently of changes in dietary energy intake in healthy, overweight and obese man and women, suggesting that training is critical in the treatment, or prevention, of MS. Also, it induces the expression of a many genes involved in the repair of cellular damage and reduces the expression of genes involved in the mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation, activating numerous metabolic pathways and down-regulating the production of mediators of inflammation and ROS production. Conclusion: the physical activity can be an efficient therapeutic approach in MS, promoting weight loss in obesity and reducing cardiovascular disease and diabetes risks.

A Roman luxury villa (1st century BC) was discovered in the town of Positano, in the Sorrento peninsula (Campania region, southern Italy). Despite being more than 20 km away from Vesuvius, the villa was buried under almost overall 20 meters (total thickness) of pyclastic materials of the Plinian eruption of 79 AD, which destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum towns. The exceptional level of conservation of this residential complex is due to the peculiar burial process, which determined the excellent state of preservation of both the fresco decorations (Fourth Style) and all other artefacts (masonries, plasters, tiles, furnishing remains, wooden elements, kitchenware, glazed oil lamps, bronze vessels and other metallic findings, etc.). This study presents the results of a multi-analytical archaeometric analysis of plasters, fresco pigments and roof tiles, aimed at identifying their mineralogical and petrographic nature and the provenance of raw materials. Constraints to the geoarchaeological landscape of the Positano area are also given. The analyzed plasters are mainly lime-based, usually with the addition of an aggregate. The anchoring layer is made by a volcanic component, characterized by clinopyroxene, alkali feldspar, garnet, amphibole, biotite and leucite crystals, together with a sedimentary component represented by carbonatic fragments, also with traces of microfossils. The features of plasters confirm the high degree of technological standardization of plasters in classical Roman age. Mineral pigments recognized by preliminary XRD are mainly iron-based for the ochers-red-crimson colors and copper-based for green-blues colors. In the roof tiles two kind of tempers are identified. In three samples a volcanic temper was identified, and represented by clinopyroxene, feldspar, garnet and leucite, whereas the temper of a fourth sample contained pumices with minor amounts of alkali feldspar, clinopyroxene and biotite. The raw materials are of local provenance (Somma-Vesuvius, Phlegraean Fields, Apennine limestones), and the microstructure of the materials are comparable with similar artefacts from Pompeii, Herculaneum and other Roman sites in Campania region. On the basis of geoarchaeological investigations, here reported, it is reasonable to think that there are other unearthed archaeological areas in Positano that will require further study to be properly known

Le attività didattiche basate sull’uso di robot come mediatori dell’apprendimento coinvolgono spesso momenti di osservazione e spiegazione del comportamento del robot stesso. Quali sono i principali stili di spiegazione adottati da bambini di Scuola Primaria in questi contesti? In questo articolo si cercherà di affrontare questa domanda elaborando, anzitutto, una tassonomia di stili di spiegazione radicata nella letteratura epistemologica e distinta in alcuni sensi interessanti da altre tassonomie proposte nella letteratura sull’interazione bambino-robot. La tassonomia verrà poi esemplificata e messa alla prova nella codifica di un’esperienza in cui è stato chiesto a bambini di una classe prima di Scuola Primaria di descrivere e spiegare il comportamento di un robot pre-programmato. So-called “educational robotics” activities typically require children to observe and explain robot behaviours. What styles of explanation are adopted by primary school children in these contexts? This question will be addressed here by elaborating a taxonomy of styles of explanation firmly rooted in the epistemological literature and different, in some interesting respects, from other taxonomies proposed in the children-robots interaction literature. The taxonomy will be exemplified and tested in the analysis of a didactic experience in which primary school children were asked to describe and explain the behaviour of a pre-programmed robot.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes, basal core promoter (BCP)/precore (PC) and S gene mutations with the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of acute hepatitis B (AHB) in Italy. Methods: During July 2005–January 2007, 103 symptomatic AHB patients were enrolled and prospectively followed up at 15 national hospitals. HBV genotypes, BCP/PC and S gene variants were determined by nested-PCR and direct sequence analysis. Results: Genotype D, A and F were detected in 49, 45 and 6% of patients, respectively. BCP, PC, and BCP plus PC variants were found in 3.1, 11.3 and 7.2% of patients, respectively. At enrollment, 68.3% of patients were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and 31.7% HBeAg-negative. BCP/PC mutations were more common in HBeAg-negative than in HBeAg-positive patients (p&nbsp