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Bond strength of indirect restorations is a very important issue that should be given special attention. Immediate dentin sealing (IDS) technique has been suggested in recent years. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different s

Backgrounds and objectives: Today chr('39')s World is faced with the environmental problems associated with heavy metal contamination as one of the main issues of concern. Mercury, known as one of the most toxic heavy metals, has gained a lot of attention due to its sustainability and bioaccumulation in the food chain as well as having detrimental health problems such as kidney failure and gastrointestinal damages. This study is centered on the removal of Hg (II) ions from aqueous solutions using a magnetite/biosilica/sodium alginate nanocomposite as an efficient adsorbent. Materials and methods: Within this study, the magnetite/biosilica/sodium alginate nanocomposite was successfully synthesized via a co-precipitation method. The structure and morphology of the prepared adsorbent were confirmed by SEM, XRD and VSM analyses. The parameters affecting the adsorption process such as pH, contact time, adsorbent amount, temperature and initial concentration of Hg (II) ions were all evaluated. Findings: The optimum conditions obtained were as follows: pH 5, adsorbent dosage 0.2 g/L, contact time 80 min, temperature 45 °C. The results revealed that the removal efficiency dropped by increasing Hg(II) concentration. The adsorption of Hg (II) obeyed the Langmuir isotherm (R2 0.9998) and pseudo-second kinetic model (R2 0.9997). Additionally, the thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the adsorption process is of endothermic and spontaneous nature. Conclusions: All in all, the synthesized adsorbent was applied for the removal of Hg (II) ions from the aquatic environment. Ease of separation from the aqueous solution due to its magnetic properties as well as high level of Hg (II) recovery are amongst the unique feature of the adsorbent.

Objective Infection by Primate erythroparvovirus 1, generally known Parvovirus B19, is highly prevalent worldwide. Although infection by this virus will not be clinically problematic in most cases, new infections during pregnancy could result in serious repercussions in the fetus. Serologic and PCR-based methods are among the available approaches for diagnosis of Parvovirus B19 infection. In this regard, the present study is aimed to investigate the frequency of Parvovirus B19 infection by these two techniques in pregnant women of Zanjan. Materials and methods In this cross sectional-descriptive study, 110 pregnant women referring to Mousavi hospital in Zanjan during one year were evaluated in terms of serologic and Real-Time PCR test results in search for Parvovirus B19 infection. The rate of positive IgG and IgM were determined in women and the Real-Time PCR results were reported. Results Overall, 18.2% of participants were above 35 years old and 4.5% of them were younger than 18 years old. 41 (44.1%) and 2 (1.8%) cases had positive anti-Parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM, respectively. Real-Time PCR results were negative in all the studied samples. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, prevalence of acute Parvovirus B19 infection was 0 and 2% based on Real-Time PCR and IgM tests, respectively. About 40% of pregnant women had experienced infection with this virus before.

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to perform an independent calculation of dosimetric parameters associated with a new 192Ir brachytherapy source model, IRAsource. Materials and methods The parameters of air kerma strength (AKS), dose rate constant (DRC), geometry function (GF), radial dose function (RDF), as well as two-dimensional (2D) anisotropy function (AF) of IRAsource 192Ir source model were calculated in this study. The MC n-particle extended (MCNPX) code was also employed for simulating high dose rate (HDR), IRAsource and 192Ir source; and formalism was used for calculating dosimetry parameters based on task group number 43 updated report (TG-43 U1). Results The results of this study were consistent with the ones reported about the IRAsource source by Sarabiasl et al. The AKS per 1 mCi activity and the DRC values were also equal to 3.65 cGycm2 h–1 mCi–1 and 1.094 cGyh–1U–1; respectively. The comparison of the results of the DRC and the RDF reported by Sarabiasl et al. also validated the 192Ir IRAsource simulation in this study. Moreover, the AFs of IRAsource source model were in a good agreement with those of Sarabiasl et al. at different distances, which could be attributed to identical geometries. Conclusion In line with those reported by Sarabiasl et al., the results of this study confirmed the IRAsource 192Ir source for clinical uses. The calculated dosimetric parameters of the IRAsource source could be utilized in clinical practices as input data sets or for validation of treatment planning system calculations.

This study aims to investigate the potential of mechanical–electrical dewatering (EDW) on the recovery of process water from tailings slurry of Miduk copper mine. The EDW experiments were carried out using three voltage levels, including 50, 70 and 90 V, and the mechanical pressures of 3 and 6 bar for 120 min. The moisture content and the pH values of the filtered tailings were determined at the end of the process. Moreover, the electrical resistivity and the electric energy consumption were calculated. To investigate the energy efficiency of the recovered/removed water, four indices were calculated including, water removal (WR), additional water removal (AWR), specific energy (SE) and normalised specific energy (NSE). Mechanical filtration extracted 63% and 71% of the process water at 3 and 6 bar, respectively. Also, EDW experiments recovered 8–31% more additional water. A higher rate was achieved for the process water by applying more voltage while increasing energy consumption. The EC and pH values of the recovered water were in a suitable range of the process water for Miduk copper mine. The average moisture content of filtered tailings reduced to 3.7–12.7% and indicated an ascending trend from anode to cathode sides. Although the pH values of the filtered tailings in the anode side decreased to the point of zero charge, the reverse electro-osmosis process did not significantly affect the potential of EDW. Due to the joined impact of moisture variation, temperature and hydrolysis process, the interpretation of electrical resistivity was complex. Overall, the least amount of energy consumption for removing the additional process water was achieved by applying a voltage level of 70 V. However, a combination of a mechanical pressure of 3 bar and a voltage of 90 V recovered up to 92% of water by the optimal values of SE and NSE indices.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to perform an independent calculation of dosimetric parameters associated with a new (192)Ir brachytherapy source model, IRAsource. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The parameters of air kerma strength (AKS), dose rate constant (DRC), geometry function (GF), radial dose function (RDF), as well as two-dimensional (2D) anisotropy function (AF) of IRAsource (192)Ir source model were calculated in this study. The MC n-particle extended (MCNPX) code was also employed for simulating high dose rate (HDR), IRAsource and (192)Ir source; and formalism was used for calculating dosimetry parameters based on task group number 43 updated report (TG-43 U1). RESULTS: The results of this study were consistent with the ones reported about the IRAsource source by Sarabiasl et al. The AKS per 1 mCi activity and the DRC values were also equal to 3.65 cGycm(2) h(–1) mCi(–1) and 1.094 cGyh(–1)U(–1); respectively. The comparison of the results of the DRC and the RDF reported by Sarabiasl et al. also validated the (192)Ir IRAsource simulation in this study. Moreover, the AFs of IRAsource source model were in a good agreement with those of Sarabiasl et al. at different distances, which could be attributed to identical geometries. CONCLUSION: In line with those reported by Sarabiasl et al., the results of this study confirmed the IRAsource (192)Ir source for clinical uses. The calculated dosimetric parameters of the IRAsource source could be utilized in clinical practices as input data sets or for validation of treatment planning system calculations.

Islamophobia is a complex of discrimination, violence, rejection and insult, the expansion of which had harmful influence in Muslim communities in the western countries. The growth of Islamophobia in some domains such as media or formal and governmental levels necessitates serious attention due to its intensity. In Britain, especially, Muslims make the largest religious minority; hence the existence of Islamophobia and its consequences there must be taken more seriously. The article concentrates on Islamophobia at informal and formal levels in the British society and after presenting a definition of the issue it brings the concept of structured Islamophobia especially in the aftermath of September 11 into focus. The discussion is divided into two categories. First, an investigation into pertinent theoretical and legal frameworks (with a look at the European convention of human rights and some other British laws such as ethnic-relation Act, and anti-terrorism Acts), and second a discussion of this phenomenon in practical and executive domains (such as disciplinary measures of the police and other law implementation groups and the existence of discrimination in anti-terrorist Acts). It is intended to explain that the formal and legal structure of British society both in the realm of legislation and execution, has failed to provide adequate support for Muslims as a minority group. The result is the formation, in recent years, of a special kind of Islamophobia and discrimination against Muslims, that we have formulated as structured Islamophobia

Introduction: The prevalence of BPH among 5-10 year old men is about 50% and it reaches 90% in 80 year old ones. The use of the components of citrus fruits containing a group of ritamines (specially C) , favonoid and atype of polysaccharides as pectin which are effective in treatment of hyperplasia , allergy and viral infection. Material & methods: This is a clinical-trial study conducted on two groups, each with 30 samples (patients drinking 60 ml sour orange Juice/daily and those administering 1 prozacin tablet daily as used in classical treatment). Convenient sampling was performed for selection of patients in both groups. From the patients referring to the specialty clinic in Jahrom. The data were collected through a checklist consisting of two part of demographic information and AUA which measles the severity of prostatic symptoms. SPSS software was used to analyzed data. Results: Comparison of the AUA mean scores before and after having citrus fruit revealed that the difference was significant (before: 25.833±0.823, after: 2.833±0.248, p=0.000) However, the same comparison for the control group,s mean scores before and after taking the above mentioned tablet revealed a non-significant difference (before: 26.666±0.717, after: 26.666±0.723, p=1.000). comparison of AUA mean scores of the case and control groups revealed that the difference was statistically significant (case group: 2.833±0.248 and control group: 26.666±0.723, p=0.000) Conclusion: Considering the finding of this study, citrus fruit can be effective in reducing the symptoms of prostate hypertorophy .

مقدمه: عفونت مجاری ادراری (Urinary tract infection) شایع‌ترین نوع عفونت بیمارستانی می‌باشد. Pseudomonas aeruginosa از علل مهم ایجاد عفونت‌های بیمارستانی است و مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی در آن می‌تواند درمان بیماران را با مشکل مواجه نماید. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی فراوانی P. aeruginosa ایجاد کننده‌ی عفونت مجاری ادراری در بیماران سوندگذاری شده، تعیین میزان مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی و مشخص نمودن الگوی ژنومی این باکتری انجام شد. روش‌ها: نمونه‌های ادراری با استفاده از سرنگ استریل از سوند افراد سوندگذاری شده از 2 بیمارستان در تهران در یک مطالعه‌ی مقطعی از آذر 1386 تا مرداد 1387 جمع‌آوری گردید. سپس نمونه‌ها با روش لوپ استاندارد کشت داده شدند و در صورت وجود CFU/ml 105 باکتری، کشت مثبت در نظر گرفته شد. تشخیص باکتری‌ها با استفاده از روش‌های بیوشیمیایی انجام گرفت و با استفاده از دستورالعمل (Clinical and laboratory standards institute) CLSI مقاومــت سویه‌ها نسبت به آنتـــی بیوتیک‌های مختلف تعیین شد. در مرحله‌ی بـــعد، سویه‌ها از لحاظ ژنتیـــکی با استفاده از روش PFGE (Pulsed- field gel electrophoresis) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه، 116 نمونه به لحاظ کشت باکتریایی مثبت بودند. سودوموناس آئروجینوزا 3/10 درصد نمونه‌ها را شامل شد. از لحاظ مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی، بیشترین مقاومت نسبت به کاربنی سیلین (100 درصد)، سفوتوکسیم (75 درصد) و کوتریموکسازول (7/66 درصد) مشاهده شد. به لحاظ ژنوتیپی سویه‌ها در هفت تایپ قرار گرفتند. نتیجه‌گیری: این بررسی مشخص نمود که سویه‌های جدا شده نسبت به طیف وسیعی از آنتی بیوتیک‌ها حساسیت داشتند. همچنین سویه‌های مشترک درون بیمارستانی و بین بیمارستانی، منجر به ایجاد عفونت مجاری ادراری در افراد بستری شده‌اند.