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Copyright of Tempo (1413-7704) is the property of Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En el marco del 75 aniversario de la Constitución Política costarricense, que a su vez representa el aniversario del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (TSE), el presente ensayo, en primer lugar, hace un repaso por todas las reformas constitucionales que, desde 1949, se han concretado para con el organismo electoral en su integración y competencias. En segundo término, se proponen cuatro reformas constitucionales que prospectivamente se entienden claves para continuar en el fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad e independencia electoral.

Se enfoca en el acoso que reciben las mujeres tanto en puestos públicos, como cuando se postulan a cargos de elección popular. La disertación aparte de exponer una serie de perjuicios preconcebidos por la sociedad hacia las mujeres que han decidido tomar la palabra y tener incidencia en la esfera pública, ofrece una serie de pautas para el manejo de la comunicación para contrarrestarlos.

A adoção dos magistrados de uma postura política em suas decisões demonstra que a atividade judicial não é neutra e que o Poder Judiciário está sujeito a elementos externos, como os meios de comunicação. A predisposição de alguns juízes em se identificar com alguns acusados, geralmente de extratos sociais elevados, pondo em prática as garantias previstas na Constituição e, por outro lado, atribuindo uma posição mais “dura” – punitivista – para outros, de classes marginalizadas, demonstra uma seletividade do sistema que precisa ser discutida. Nesse sentido, o artigo tem por objetivo, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica (i) explorar o Poder Judiciário e as influências políticas sofridas por ele; (ii) contextualizar a criminologia midiática e como esta influencia o órgão julgador; (iii) a partir dessas discussões, fazer um parâmetro com os mecanismos de accountability.

Tras el desenlace del Bellum Sociale los aliados latinos e itálicos lograron la anhelada ciudadanía romana, pero en contraprestación vieron cómo se les imponía mediante leges datae el ordenamiento municipal romano y también los colegios de magistrados cuatorvirales, que sustituyeron sus tradicionales constituciones políticas. Este trabajo aborda el estudio de los orígenes del cuatorvirato y cómo se implantó esta magistratura en los años inmediatamente posteriores a la guerra. Mediante el análisis de los testimonios epigráficos de los primeros momentos de vida de los nuevos municipios romanos, se analizará la estructura interna de los cuerpos de cuatorviros a fin de determinar si existió desde el principio una división formal de funciones entre sus miembros, es decir, si había una pareja de rango superior con atribuciones jurisdicentes y otra inferior con potestad edilicia.

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tempo (1413-7704) is the property of Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerion: Revista de Historia Antigua is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A presente pesquisa empírica foi desenvolvida com magistrados da Justiça Trabalhista de um certo Tribunal, objetivando conhecer, a partir da percepção dos próprios juízes, a realidade por eles vivenciada quanto à qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT). A relevância desse levantamento está na oportunidade de conhecer as condições laborais enfrentadas, a fim de prover melhorias. Os dados da survey foram obtidos mediante a aplicação de instrumento de pesquisa no período de 15 a 17 de janeiro de 2020. O questionário foi elaborado com base no modelo de QVT de Walton (1973), ressalvadas as adaptações realizadas ao modelo teórico, tendo alcançado 104 respondentes, ou seja, 40,15% de um universo de 259 juízes trabalhistas atuantes no 1º grau. E como resultado da pesquisa evidenciou-se que subsiste um certo mal-estar no serviço, devido ao grande volume de trabalho, às cobranças excessivas de metas institucionais, e às condições inadequadas de trabalho – o que aponta para um quadro de menor qualidade de vida no trabalho e adoecimento ocupacional em torno de 28%, demandando atenção e medidas preventivas em prol da saúde e do trabalho, já que os fatores estressores identificados têm incidência permanente.

In his eagerness for keep the bigger control possible on the India's administration, the Crown created a regulatory framework about the performance of his magistrates. But this ensemble, named officium iudicis, was avoid quickly for the judges of the Audience of Lima. Like that, the magistrates finished marrying into them and strong families in territory, they created a network with the objective of their sociopolitical and patrimonial growth. For that, the magistrates counted on the Monarchy connivance, who for their hardship economics didn't doubt in dodge their regulations in Exchange for a few pesos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo visa apontar quais os principais desafios enfrentados pelos magistrados no exercício da jurisdição e verificar as soluções possíveis a fim de superar esses desafios em busca de uma prestação jurisdicional efetiva. Considerando a análise qualitativa pretendida e diante do número extenso de magistrados brasileiros, optou-se pelo estudo de caso na comarca de Campo Grande, capital do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A partir dos dados coletados sobre o Poder Judiciário em âmbito nacional e local, relacionaram-se as principais dificuldades relatadas pelos magistrados em entrevista realizada, sistematizando-as em quatro blocos: alta demanda processual; gestão de pessoas e dos processos de trabalho; corpo funcional; e gestão institucional, apresentando alternativas e possíveis soluções para a superação e neutralização dessas dificuldades. Conclui-se que os desafios experimentados pelos magistrados da comarca de Campo Grande são semelhantes aos de outros magistrados brasileiros.

El presente trabajo analiza el problema sobre si los magistrados electos para la Audiencia de México podían recibir o no un adelanto de caja a cuenta de sus salarios para sufragar los gastos del viaje a su destino y, una vez en este, los derivados de «asentar casa», pero no una cualquiera, sino una acorde al estatus socio-profesional de su inquilino.

The reforms to the judiciary in Ecuador undertaken during the government of Rafael Correa have given rise to a significant number of reflections in the academic world. Most analysts have focused on evaluating their legal and constitutional basis, as well as their impact on the independence of this state power. However, less attention has been paid to the concrete mechanisms of institutional change on which these initiatives were based. Reforms such as those carried out during the Correa administration are more than attempts to capture the country's courts, insofar as they reflect dynamics to redefine the judicial institution. To explore this proposal, the article relies on the qualitative analysis of the trajectories of members of the main Ecuadorian court of justice between 1979 and 2012. It is shown that changes made to appointment procedures modified the social dynamics that had historically enabled access to the main judiciary. Specifically, with the reforms undertaken during Correa's term, greater specialization in judicial activity was privileged over career models based on professional mobility outside the courts. Thus, the social dynamics that have sustained reform initiatives are examined, showing how they are driven by different groups within social space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo é estudar a percepção dos magistrados em relação às mudanças na legislação trabalhista e o papel dos peritos contábeis. Para alcançar o objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo. A amostra da pesquisa, seria composta por todos os Magistrados da Circunscrição de Brasília, mas nem todos aceitaram. Assim, a amostra final foi composta por dez juízes titulares do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 10ª Região. O trabalho apresenta as mudanças mais significativas na visão dos magistrados, e o posicionamento deles em relação as mudanças serem positivas ou negativas. Com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2011), realizou-se a divisão em categorias temáticas e concluiu-se que há inúmeros pontos controvertidos na nova lei e alguns são considerados pelos magistrados como inconstitucionais. Para os peritos contadores, a Reforma Trabalhista pode trazer dois impactos: o primeiro é uma nova possibilidade de trabalho, pois agora há a necessidade de os pedidos serem liquidados desde o início e assim a parte irá procurar os serviços do contador já na fase inicial do processo; o segundo é que agora a responsabilidade pelo pagamento dos honorários periciais passa a ser da parte sucumbente na pretensão objeto da perícia, ainda que beneficiária da justiça gratuita. Isso poderá a uma carência de peritos contábeis.

Mediante el presente artículo se abordara el problema de la selección de los Magistrados del Tribunal Constitucional, previstos en el tercer párrafo del artículo 201° de la Constitución Política del Perú, para lo cual acudimos a la metodología cualitativo, es decir fue descriptivo y explicativo de teorías e instituciones jurídicas que permitan identificar las características y la interpretación de alcances en la selección adecuada de los magistrados a fin de que pueda garantizar el control constitucional, sin mayor naturaleza política; en tal sentido es necesario establecer los mecanismos constitucionales que permitan la selección democrática de los miembros del Tribunal Constitucional.

Resumen: La progresiva pérdida de prestigio y autoridad del Tribunal Constitucional es consecuencia, entre otros motivos, de un proceso de nombramiento y selección de sus magistrados ciertamente discutibles. Si bien los principales remedios a dicha situación deban venir más de la cultura política que de la ingeniería jurídica, también es cierto que determinadas carencias reclaman simplemente el efectivo cumplimiento de los mandatos legales. Así sucede con el mandato de equilibrio de sexos que la LO 3/2007 dispone para los poderes públicos y que el TC no ha teniendo en cuenta en ninguna de sus renovaciones. Un mandato que deriva a su vez de la necesidad de interpretar nuestro sistema constitucional en términos de democracia paritaria. Abstract: The progressive loss of prestige and authority of the Constitutional Court is a consequence, among other reasons, of a certainly debatable process of appointment and selection of its judges. Although the main remedies to this situation must come more from the political culture than from legal engineering, it is also true that certain deficiencies simply demand the effective compliance with legal mandates. This is the case with the mandate of «gender balance» that the LO 3/2007 provides for the public authorities and that the Constitutional Court has not taken into account in any of its renewals. A mandate that derives from the need to interpret our constitutional system in terms of parity democracy. Summary: 1. Introduction: Legal Engineering vs. Political Culture. 2. The appointment of men and women judges. 3. The composition of the Constitutional Court from the point of view of Gender. 4. Conclusions and Proposals.

Copyright of Ciências Sociais em Perspectiva is the property of Revista Ciencias Sociais em Perspectiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario de Estudios Americanos is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n73p141 This study explores the social representations of judges of the TJDFT about the trajectories of inmates of Santa Maria Unit – a juvenile prison for girls. We tried to understand how this category of offenders teenagers is constructed on the sentences. To do so, we performed a content analysis of 17 sentences. We found that there is an emphasis on the description of the “lost trajectories” of these girls. Their “career of indisciplines” justifies the detention and the sentences have a positive role in the constitution of criminal subject, naming the social type from who we can expect criminal behavior.

Tribunales Superiores de Distrito Judicial

El presente artículo pretende contribuir al análisis de un segmento de la élite judicial en Colombia. Con este objetivo, este artículo presenta el diseño institucional y las prácticas informales que acompañan los procesos de reclutamiento de los miembros de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia en un periodo histórico determinado. Además, muestra las principales características de las personas que han ocupado el cargo de Magistrado en el más Alto Tribunal de la justicia ordinaria. Finalmente, el artículo muestra una diversificación importante en el perfil socio-profesional de los miembros de la Corte Suprema de Justicia y la importancia creciente del capital social para ser elegido al cargo.

Parte de uma pesquisa sobre o debate médico-criminológico no Brasil dos anos de 1930 e 1940, esta nota de pesquisa analisa alguns usos e críticas, entre certos juristas de importante atuação na cidade do Rio de Janeiro nos anos 1930, de argumentos de natureza psiquiátrica e criminológica. Tais magistrados, nesse contexto, tenderam a ter significativa erudição psiquiátrica e criminológica, apesar de toda heterogeneidade, pluralidade e diferenças de perspectivas existentes entre eles. Selecionamos dois espaços principais para análise da atuação desses juristas: o Tribunal de Apelação do Distrito Federal e o Tribunal do Júri.

Poco se sabe del gobierno de las ciudades hispanas entre los siglos IV y VII d. C. No se conocen por nombre ni duoviros ni ediles ni cuestores después del s. III, aunque sí se registran un curator y algunos defensores. No obstante, existe un cuerpo considerable de datos sobre las actividades de los curiales y principales hispanos. Tales actividades incluyen la recolección de impuestos, el mantenimiento de los archivos públicos, y el reclutamiento de nuevos miembros. Además, los curiales probablemente estuvieron implicados en la reparación o demolición de edi?cios públicos, y a veces intervinieron en disputas religiosas.

Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Maracanan is the property of Revista Maracanan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the study is to investigate the determinants of the quality of expert work in civil courts in the perception of magistrates. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 17 judges who work in civil courts in the city of Natal/RN. According to magistrates, the academic and technical specialization in the area of the cause is fundamental to the quality of accounting expertise. In relation to the fees, 50% of judges believe that this is not a factor that determines the quality of the work developed. The results show that only 25% of magistrates always consider the award presented at the time of the sentence and that 92% of the judges never or hardly intimidate the experts to provide clarification on the submitted report. Thus, the quality of the expert reports should be improved, maximizing the contribution power of the content of the award to the decision of the judges and the relevance of the expert work to the civil regions. These results contribute not only to the literature on accounting expertise in Brazil but also to the improvement of the work presented by accountants in civil courts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tempo (1413-7704) is the property of Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Politico is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Informe sobre la experiencia vivida por el Servicio Intercultural de Fortalecimiento Democrático de Bolivia (SIFDE) en la organización de las labores de capacitación y comunicación para las elecciones judiciales 2011, en la que los ciudadanos eligieron a las magistradas y magistrados, de acuerdo a la reglas establecidas por la Constitución y por las leyes electorales vigentes. El proceso no solo es diferente, sino el primero con una esencia distinta que marca el fundamento del nuevo Órgano Electoral Plurinacional del país.

O artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar a ação dos magistrados em face dos movimentos de libertação dos negros escravizados, examinando o pensamento jurídico entre 1871 a 1888, anos que antecederam a Lei Áurea. Para tanto, adota-se a pesquisa documental tendo como principal fonte de consulta a Revista O Direito – Legislação, Doutrina e Jurisprudência, do volume I ao XLVII. No período em exame, fase de efervescência sócio-política, operaram-se várias mudanças relevantes na sociedade brasileira, algumas efetivamente justas; outras de eficácia questionável. Nesta análise, conclui-se que decisões judiciais mais eficientes, nem sempre foram eficazes, ao passo que contribuíram para incorporar os escravizados à sociedade, a prática comedida dos juízes favorecia a ordem tradicional.

Catalonia underwent profound changes at the beginning at the eighteenth century. the Succession War put and end to the typical Catalan institutions under the Austria. At the end of this political conflict, the main royal institution, that’s to say the Real Audiencia, was awarded a new structure in 1716. this new one bears no resemblance to the previous period. And one of the major changes was the new sala penal. As a result of this fact, we’ve been interested in knowing their social background. We have been able to find useful data on their university studies, and the jobs they were offered before being well-known judges. These data have been intertwined with their family origins because in this way we can appreciate better why they had such interesting careers.

Psychological assessment in child custody evaluation is one of the most demanding areas of forensic practice due to the conflict and emotional distress it carries. Law allows the use of psychological reports as an auxiliary mean in the decision act. In order to know the impact of the psychological report in their practice, we requested the collaboration of ten magistrates and analyze their perceptions and discourses about psychological forensic practice. The data collected were analyzed with the support of the program Nvivo. The results revealed that psychological reports are an important working toll for decision-making process among participants. It's also important to notice that, in general, judges are very pleased with forensic practice, despite their appeal for more celerity in their execution and more precision in terms of language. The relationships between Psychology and Law are currently narrower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Established as a tool designed to control public servants of the colonial administration, the trial of residence started almost at the same time as the Spanish presence in America. However, for various reasons of different nature -legal, clientelist and political-, this mechanism was rendered useless by the end of the 17th century. Thus, taking the three magistrates of the Audience of Lima as examples, we'll analyse the inefficacy of the trial of residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of História, Ciências, Saúde - Manguinhos is the property of Casa de Oswaldo Cruz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Precedente is the property of Universidad ICESI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)