104 results on '"Maes, H H"'
Search Results
2. The etiologic role of genetic and environmental factors in criminal behavior as determined from full- and half-sibling pairs: an evaluation of the validity of the twin method
- Author
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Kendler, K. S., Lönn, S. L., Maes, H. H., Sundquist, J., and Sundquist, K.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Genetic Innovation and Stability in Externalizing Problem Behavior Across Development: A Multi-Informant Twin Study
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Wichers, M., Gardner, C., Maes, H. H., Lichtenstein, P., Larsson, H., and Kendler, K. S.
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- 2013
- Full Text
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4. Disentangling the causal inter-relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms in women: a longitudinal twin study
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Wichers, M., Maes, H. H., Jacobs, N., Derom, C., Thiery, E., and Kendler, K. S.
- Published
- 2012
5. Sex differences and developmental stability in genetic and environmental influences on psychoactive substance consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood
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Baker, J. H., Maes, H. H., Larsson, H., Lichtenstein, P., and Kendler, K. S.
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- 2011
6. A population-based twin study of the genetic and environmental relationship of major depression, regular tobacco use and nicotine dependence
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Edwards, A. C., Maes, H. H., Pedersen, N. L., and Kendler, K. S.
- Published
- 2011
7. Monoamine oxidase A and childhood adversity as risk factors for conduct disorder in females
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Prom-Wormley, E. C., Eaves, L. J., Foley, D. L., Gardner, C. O., Archer, K. J., Wormley, B. K., Maes, H. H., Riley, B. P., and Silberg, J. L.
- Published
- 2009
8. Genetic effects on the variation and covariation of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional-defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) symptomatologies across informant and occasion of measurement
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NADDER, T. S., RUTTER, M., SILBERG, J. L., MAES, H. H., and EAVES, L. J.
- Published
- 2002
9. RACE AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECT OF BODY SIZE ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN ADOLESCENCE?
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Maes, H H., Neale, M C., Eaves, L J., and Schieken, R M.
- Published
- 2001
10. Familial aggregation for conduct disorder symptomatology: the role of genes, marital discord and family adaptability
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MEYER, J. M., RUTTER, M., SILBERG, J. L., MAES, H. H., SIMONOFF, E., SHILLADY, L. L., PICKLES, A., HEWITT, J. K., and EAVES, L. J.
- Published
- 2000
11. The CODATwins Project: The Current Status and Recent Findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins
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Silventoinen, K., primary, Jelenkovic, A., additional, Yokoyama, Y., additional, Sund, R., additional, Sugawara, M., additional, Tanaka, M., additional, Matsumoto, S., additional, Bogl, L. H., additional, Freitas, D. L., additional, Maia, J. A., additional, Hjelmborg, J. v. B., additional, Aaltonen, S., additional, Piirtola, M., additional, Latvala, A., additional, Calais-Ferreira, L., additional, Oliveira, V. C., additional, Ferreira, P. H., additional, Ji, F., additional, Ning, F., additional, Pang, Z., additional, Ordoñana, J. R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, J. F., additional, Colodro-Conde, L., additional, Burt, S. A., additional, Klump, K. L., additional, Martin, N. G., additional, Medland, S. E., additional, Montgomery, G. W., additional, Kandler, C., additional, McAdams, T. A., additional, Eley, T. C., additional, Gregory, A. M., additional, Saudino, K. J., additional, Dubois, L., additional, Boivin, M., additional, Brendgen, M., additional, Dionne, G., additional, Vitaro, F., additional, Tarnoki, A. D., additional, Tarnoki, D. L., additional, Haworth, C. M. A., additional, Plomin, R., additional, Öncel, S. Y., additional, Aliev, F., additional, Medda, E., additional, Nisticò, L., additional, Toccaceli, V., additional, Craig, J. M., additional, Saffery, R., additional, Siribaddana, S. H., additional, Hotopf, M., additional, Sumathipala, A., additional, Rijsdijk, F., additional, Jeong, H.-U., additional, Spector, T., additional, Mangino, M., additional, Lachance, G., additional, Gatz, M., additional, Butler, D. A., additional, Gao, W., additional, Yu, C., additional, Li, L., additional, Bayasgalan, G., additional, Narandalai, D., additional, Harden, K. P., additional, Tucker-Drob, E. M., additional, Christensen, K., additional, Skytthe, A., additional, Kyvik, K. O., additional, Derom, C. A., additional, Vlietinck, R. F., additional, Loos, R. J. F., additional, Cozen, W., additional, Hwang, A. E., additional, Mack, T. M., additional, He, M., additional, Ding, X., additional, Silberg, J. L., additional, Maes, H. H., additional, Cutler, T. L., additional, Hopper, J. L., additional, Magnusson, P. K. E., additional, Pedersen, N. L., additional, Dahl Aslan, A. K., additional, Baker, L. A., additional, Tuvblad, C., additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., additional, Beck-Nielsen, H., additional, Sodemann, M., additional, Ullemar, V., additional, Almqvist, C., additional, Tan, Q., additional, Zhang, D., additional, Swan, G. E., additional, Krasnow, R., additional, Jang, K. L., additional, Knafo-Noam, A., additional, Mankuta, D., additional, Abramson, L., additional, Lichtenstein, P., additional, Krueger, R. F., additional, McGue, M., additional, Pahlen, S., additional, Tynelius, P., additional, Rasmussen, F., additional, Duncan, G. E., additional, Buchwald, D., additional, Corley, R. P., additional, Huibregtse, B. M., additional, Nelson, T. L., additional, Whitfield, K. E., additional, Franz, C. E., additional, Kremen, W. S., additional, Lyons, M. J., additional, Ooki, S., additional, Brandt, I., additional, Nilsen, T. S., additional, Harris, J. R., additional, Sung, J., additional, Park, H. A., additional, Lee, J., additional, Lee, S. J., additional, Willemsen, G., additional, Bartels, M., additional, van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., additional, Llewellyn, C. H., additional, Fisher, A., additional, Rebato, E., additional, Busjahn, A., additional, Tomizawa, R., additional, Inui, F., additional, Watanabe, M., additional, Honda, C., additional, Sakai, N., additional, Hur, Y.-M., additional, Sørensen, T. I. A., additional, Boomsma, D. I., additional, and Kaprio, J., additional
- Published
- 2019
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12. Assortative mating for major psychiatric diagnoses in two population-based samples
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MAES, H. H. M., NEALE, M. C., KENDLER, K. S., HEWITT, J. K., SILBERG, J. L., FOLEY, D. L., MEYER, J. M., RUTTER, M., SIMONOFF, E., PICKLES, A., and EAVES, L. J.
- Published
- 1998
13. Inheritance of static and dynamic arm strength and some of its determinants
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THOMIS, M. A. I., BEUNEN, G. P., VAN LEEMPUTTE, M., MAES, H. H., BLIMKIE, C. J., CLAESSENS, A. L., MARCHAL, G., WILLEMS, E., and VLIETINCK, R. F.
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- 1998
14. Conversion of In Vitro Cultured Human Monocytes into Effective Presenters of an HER2/neu-Encoded CTL Peptide Epitope
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WASSERMAN, K., CORSI, M. M., SZEKELY, L., KONO, K., MAES, H. H., and KIESSLING, R.
- Published
- 1997
15. Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study
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Chaarani, B., Hahn, S., Allgaier, N., Adise, S., Owens, M. M., Juliano, A. C., Yuan, D. K., Loso, H., Ivanciu, A., Albaugh, M. D., Dumas, J., Mackey, S., Laurent, J., Ivanova, M., Hagler, D. J., Cornejo, M. D., Hatton, S., Agrawal, A., Aguinaldo, L., Ahonen, L., Aklin, W., Anokhin, A. P., Arroyo, J., Avenevoli, S., Babcock, D., Bagot, K., Baker, F. C., Banich, M. T., Barch, D. M., Bartsch, H., Baskin-Sommers, A., Bjork, J. M., Blachman-Demner, D., Bloch, M., Bogdan, R., Bookheimer, S. Y., Breslin, F., Brown, S., Calabro, F. J., Calhoun, V., Casey, B. J., Chang, L., Clark, D. B., Cloak, C., Constable, R. T., Constable, K., Corley, R., Cottler, L. B., Coxe, S., Dagher, R. K., Dale, A. M., Dapretto, M., Delcarmen-Wiggins, R., Dick, A. S., Do, E. K., Dosenbach, N. U. F., Dowling, G. J., Edwards, S., Ernst, T. M., Fair, D. A., Fan, C. C., Feczko, E., Feldstein-Ewing, S. W., Florsheim, P., Foxe, J. J., Freedman, E. G., Friedman, N. P., Friedman-Hill, S., Fuemmeler, B. F., Galvan, A., Gee, D. G., Giedd, J., Glantz, M., Glaser, P., Godino, J., Gonzalez, M., Gonzalez, R., Grant, S., Gray, K. M., Haist, F., Harms, M. P., Hawes, S., Heath, A. C., Heeringa, S., Heitzeg, M. M., Hermosillo, R., Herting, M. M., Hettema, J. M., Hewitt, J. K., Heyser, C., Hoffman, E., Howlett, K., Huber, R. S., Huestis, M. A., Hyde, L. W., Iacono, W. G., Infante, M. A., Irfanoglu, O., Isaiah, A., Iyengar, S., Jacobus, J., James, R., Jean-Francois, B., Jernigan, T., Karcher, N. R., Kaufman, A., Kelley, B., Kit, B., Ksinan, A., Kuperman, J., Laird, A. R., Larson, C., LeBlanc, K., Lessov-Schlagger, C., Lever, N., Lewis, D. A., Lisdahl, K., Little, A. R., Lopez, M., Luciana, M., Luna, B., Madden, P. A., Maes, H. H., Makowski, C., Marshall, A. T., Mason, M. J., Matochik, J., McCandliss, B. D., McGlade, E., Montoya, I., Morgan, G., Morris, A., Mulford, C., Murray, P., Nagel, B. J., Neale, M. C., Neigh, G., Nencka, A., Noronha, A., Nixon, S. J., Palmer, C. E., Pariyadath, V., Paulus, M. P., Pelham, W. E., Pfefferbaum, D., Pierpaoli, C., Prescot, A., Prouty, D., Puttler, L. I., Rajapaske, N., Rapuano, K. M., Reeves, G., Renshaw, P. F., Riedel, M. C., Rojas, P., de la Rosa, M., Rosenberg, M. D., Ross, M. J., Sanchez, M., Schirda, C., Schloesser, D., Schulenberg, J., Sher, K. J., Sheth, C., Shilling, P. D., Simmons, W. K., Sowell, E. R., Speer, N., Spittel, M., Squeglia, L. M., Sripada, C., Steinberg, J., Striley, C., Sutherland, M. T., Tanabe, J., Tapert, S. F., Thompson, W., Tomko, R. L., Uban, K. A., Vrieze, S., Wade, N. E., Watts, R., Weiss, S., Wiens, B. A., Williams, O. D., Wilbur, A., Wing, D., Wolff-Hughes, D., Yang, R., Yurgelun-Todd, D. A., Zucker, R. A., Potter, A., and Garavan, H. P.
- Abstract
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®is a 10-year longitudinal study of children recruited at ages 9 and 10. A battery of neuroimaging tasks are administered biennially to track neurodevelopment and identify individual differences in brain function. This study reports activation patterns from functional MRI (fMRI) tasks completed at baseline, which were designed to measure cognitive impulse control with a stop signal task (SST; N= 5,547), reward anticipation and receipt with a monetary incentive delay (MID) task (N= 6,657) and working memory and emotion reactivity with an emotional N-back (EN-back) task (N= 6,009). Further, we report the spatial reproducibility of activation patterns by assessing between-group vertex/voxelwise correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation. Analyses reveal robust brain activations that are consistent with the published literature, vary across fMRI tasks/contrasts and slightly correlate with individual behavioral performance on the tasks. These results establish the preadolescent brain function baseline, guide interpretation of cross-sectional analyses and will enable the investigation of longitudinal changes during adolescent development.
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- 2021
- Full Text
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16. The etiologic role of genetic and environmental factors in criminal behavior as determined from full- and half-sibling pairs: an evaluation of the validity of the twin method
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Kendler, K. S., primary, Lönn, S. L., additional, Maes, H. H., additional, Sundquist, J., additional, and Sundquist, K., additional
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- 2014
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17. Variance Components Linkage Analysis for Quantitative Traits
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Danielle Posthuma, Maes, H. H., Neale, B., Ferreira, M.A., Medland, S.E., and Posthuma, D.
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- 2007
18. Genetic and environmental influences on spontaneous micronuclei frequencies in children and adults: a twin study
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Jones, K. H., primary, York, T. P., additional, Juusola, J., additional, Ferreira-Gonzalez, A., additional, Maes, H. H., additional, and Jackson-Cook, C., additional
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- 2011
- Full Text
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19. A population-based twin study of the genetic and environmental relationship of major depression, regular tobacco use and nicotine dependence
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Edwards, A. C., primary, Maes, H. H., additional, Pedersen, N. L., additional, and Kendler, K. S., additional
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- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Monoamine oxidase A and childhood adversity as risk factors for conduct disorder in females
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Prom-Wormley, E. C., primary, Eaves, L. J., additional, Foley, D. L., additional, Gardner, C. O., additional, Archer, K. J., additional, Wormley, B. K., additional, Maes, H. H., additional, Riley, B. P., additional, and Silberg, J. L., additional
- Published
- 2008
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21. Heritability of somatotype components from early adolescence into young adulthood: a multivariate analysis on a longitudinal twin study
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Peeters, M. W., primary, Thomis, M. A., additional, Claessens, A. L., additional, Loos, R. J. F., additional, Maes, H. H. M., additional, Lysens, R., additional, Vanden Eynde, B., additional, Vlietinck, R., additional, and Beunen, G., additional
- Published
- 2003
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22. Tobacco, alcohol and drug use in eight- to sixteen-year-old twins: the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development.
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Maes, H H, primary, Woodard, C E, additional, Murrelle, L, additional, Meyer, J M, additional, Silberg, J L, additional, Hewitt, J K, additional, Rutter, M, additional, Simonoff, E, additional, Pickles, A, additional, Carbonneau, R, additional, Neale, M C, additional, and Eaves, L J, additional
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- 1999
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23. Gender-specific regional changes in genetic structure of muscularity in early adolescence
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Loos, R., primary, Thomis, M., additional, Maes, H. H., additional, Beunen, G., additional, Claessens, A. L., additional, Derom, C., additional, Legius, E., additional, Derom, R., additional, and Vlietinck, R., additional
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- 1997
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24. SEX-SPECIFIC REGIONAL CHANGES IN THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF MUSCULARITY IN EARLY ADOLESCENCE 961
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Beunen, G., primary, Loos, R., additional, Thomis, M., additional, Maes, H. H., additional, Claessens, A. L., additional, Derom, C., additional, Legius, E., additional, Derom, R., additional, and Vlietinck, R., additional
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- 1997
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25. Genetic variance of adolescent growth in stature.
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Beunen, G., Thomis, M., Maes, H. H., Loos, R., Malina, R. M., Claessens, A. L., and Vlietinck, R.
- Subjects
TEENAGER growth ,HUMAN growth ,STATURE - Abstract
The aim of this study is to quantify the genetic and environmental variation in biological parameters of the adolescent growth in stature in both sexes, using structural equation models. Standing height was measured in 99 twin pairs from the Leuven Longitudinal Twin Study. Subjects were seen at semi-annual intervals between 10 and 16 years and at 18 years. Preece-Baines model I was fitted to the individual data and biologically meaningful parameters were derived. Path models were fitted to these parameters and a gender heterogeneity analysis was performed. A model including additive genetic and specific environmental factors (AE-model), allowing for a difference in total variance or in genetic/environmental variance components in males and females best explains most of the growth characteristics. For the timing and velocity of the adolescent growth spurt, no gender heterogeneity was observed, and the genetic (0.89 to 0.93) and specific environmental (0.07 to 0.11) contributions were equal in both sexes. For stature at take-off, stature at peak height velocity and for adult stature, gender heterogeneity was observed and different models appeared to result in the best fit for boys and girls. For height at PHV and adult stature, the significant contribution of a common environmental (0.39 to 0.56) factor in boys was noteworthy. For percentage of adult stature and distances between relevant time points of the growth curve, a non-scalar effect was observed, indicating that different genes affect these characteristics in boys and girls. It is concluded that most characteristics of the growth spurt in stature are under strong genetic control. Gender heterogeneity is present for stature and for a number of derived growth characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
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26. Understanding biological and social influences on religious affiliation, attitudes, and behaviors: a behavior genetic perspective.
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D'Onofrio, Brian M., Eaves, Lindon J., Murrelle, Lenn, Maes, Hermine H., Spilka, Bernard, D'Onofrio, B M, Eaves, L J, Murrelle, L, Maes, H H, and Spilka, B
- Subjects
AFFILIATION (Psychology) ,RELIGIOUSNESS ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,GENETICS ,PERSONALITY - Abstract
Although the transmission of religiousness has been assumed to be purely cultural, behavior genetic studies have demonstrated that genetic factors play a role in the individual differences in some religious traits. This article reviews the extant behavior genetic literature and presents new analyses from the "Virginia 30,000" on the causes of variation in religious affiliation, attitudes, and practices, and relates these to personality as construed by Eysenck. Results indicate that religious affiliation is primarily a culturally transmitted phenomenon, whereas religious attitudes and practices are moderately influenced by genetic factors. Further, Eysenck's personality traits do not mediate genetic influences on religiousness, but significant negative genetic correlations are found between church attendance and liberal sexual attitudes. Implications and possibilities for future studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1999
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27. Protection by L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid of Hydrogen Peroxide-induced CD3zeta and CD16zeta Chain Down-regulation in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Lymphokine-activated Killer Cells
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Corsi, M. M., Maes, H. H., Wasserman, K., Fulgenzi, A., Gaja, G., and Ferrero, M. E.
- Published
- 1998
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28. Risks for conduct disorder symptoms associated with parental alcoholism in stepfather families versus intact families from a community sample
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Foley, D. L., Andrew Pickles, Michael Llewellyn Rutter, Gardner, C. O., Maes, H. H., Silberg, J. L., and Eaves, L. J.
29. Parental concordance and comorbidity for psychiatric disorder and associate risks for current psychiatric symptoms and disorders in a community sample of juvenile twins
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Foley, D. L., Andrew Pickles, Emily Simonoff, Maes, H. H., Silberg, J. L., Hewitt, J. K., and Eaves, L. J.
30. Prediction of adult height in girls: The Beunen-Malina-Freitas method
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Beunen, G. P., Malina, R. M., Freitas, D. L., Thomis, M. A., Maia, J. A., Claessens, A. L., Elvio Rúbio Gouveia, Maes, H. H., and Johan, L.
31. Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes: Evidence from genome-wide association studies
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Samuel Kuperman, Leila Karhunen, Geòrgia Escaramís, Sébastien Guillaume, Kelly L. Klump, David C. Whiteman, Colin A. Hodgkinson, Stephanie H. Witt, Artemis Tsitsika, Hana Papezova, Renato Polimanti, P. Eline Slagboom, Peter Zill, Jakob Grove, Toni-Kim Clarke, Michael Soyka, Jennifer Jordan, Steven Gallinger, Philip Gorwood, Preben Bo Mortensen, Yuri Milaneschi, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Jen Chyong Wang, Markus M. Nöthen, Katrin Männik, Henry R. Kranzler, Michael M. Vanyukov, Anna Keski-Rahkonen, William G. Iacono, Raymond K. Walters, Stephanie Le Hellard, Bochao Danae Lin, Vesna Boraska Perica, Marion Roberts, Patrick F. Sullivan, Steven Crawford, Mark A. Frye, Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff, Hakon Hakonarson, Andreas Birgegård, Robert Culverhouse, Alexis C. Edwards, Jerome C. Foo, Alessandro Rotondo, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Laura M. Hack, Michael T. Lynskey, Mario Maj, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Julie K. O'Toole, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Matt McGue, Julien Bryois, Martina de Zwaan, Norbert Dahmen, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Deborah Kaminská, Benedetta Nacmias, Nicholas G. Martin, Anna R. Docherty, Christopher Hübel, Nancy L. Pedersen, Janet Treasure, William E. Copeland, Roger A.H. Adan, Jaakko Kaprio, Aarno Palotie, L. John Horwood, Maria La Via, Philippe Courtet, Virpi M. Leppä, Judy L. Silberg, Jason D. Boardman, Fazil Aliev, Wade H. Berrettini, Doo Sup Choi, Youl-Ri Kim, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, Harriet de Wit, Sandra A. Brown, Elisabeth Widen, Caroline Hayward, Nicholas J. Schork, Penelope A. Lind, Ralph E. Tarter, Jana Strohmaier, Allan S. Kaplan, Richard A. Grucza, Bradley T. Webb, Angela Favaro, Dalila Pinto, Helena Gaspar, Andrew W. Bergen, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Robert Levitan, Wolfgang Gäbel, Xavier Estivill, Emma C. Johnson, Konstantinos Tziouvas, Lindsay A. Farrer, Lenka Foretova, Marc A. Schuckit, Joanna M. Biernacka, André Scherag, Robbee Wedow, Abraham A. Palmer, Amy E. Adkins, Franziska Degenhardt, Louisa Degenhardt, Jurjen J. Luykx, Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen, Brien P. Riley, Monika Ridinger, Matteo Cassina, Harry Brandt, Yiran Guo, Stephan Ripke, Palmiero Monteleone, Katri Räikkönen, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Martin A. Kennedy, Stephen W. Scherer, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Catherine M. Olsen, Bernice Porjesz, Esther Walton, Yi-Ling Chou, Nicolas Ramoz, Tetsuya Ando, Andres Metspalu, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Brion S. Maher, Sarah Bertelsen, Melanie L. Schwandt, Janiece E. DeSocio, Margaret Keyes, John F. Pearson, Dongbing Lai, Paul Lichtenstein, James MacKillop, George Dedoussis, Jari Lahti, Ulrike Schmidt, Stefan Ehrlich, Amanda G. Wills, Teemu Palviainen, David Goldman, Elena Tenconi, Dimitris Dikeos, Scott I. Vrieze, Sietske G. Helder, Katharina Buehren, Hongyu Zhao, Sara McDevitt, Jolanta Lissowska, Joseph M. Boden, Li-Shiun Chen, Susanne Lucae, Sara Marsal, Dan Rujescu, Claes Norring, Howard J. Edenberg, Victor M. Karpyak, Fragiskos Gonidakis, Per Hoffmann, Christopher S. Franklin, Karin Egberts, Johanna Giuranna, Stefan Herms, Leah Wetherill, Stephanie Zerwas, Anthony Batzler, Elliot C. Nelson, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Marcella Rietschel, Ioanna Ntalla, Victor Hesselbrock, Sarah M. Hartz, Marie Navratilova, Falk Kiefer, Martien J H Kas, Richard J. Rose, Andrew C. Heath, Jin P. Szatkiewicz, Lenka Slachtova, Lisa Lilenfeld, Katherine A. Halmi, John P. Rice, Anjali K. Henders, Christian Dina, Norbert Wodarz, Satu Männistö, Hamdi Mbarek, Shuyang Yao, Vladimir Janout, Alison Goate, Bettina Konte, Alexandra Schosser, Danfeng Chen, Kirsty Kiezebrink, Euijung Ryu, Dana B. Hancock, James Mitchell, Sarah E. Medland, Ina Giegling, Valdo Ricca, Scott D. Gordon, Gabrielle Koller, Samuli Ripatti, Laura M. Thornton, Alison D. Murray, Morten Mattingsdal, Zeynep Yilmaz, Jens Treutlein, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Tim B. Bigdeli, Eric F. van Furth, Hermine H. Maes, Ken B. Hanscombe, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Daniela Degortes, Monica Forzan, Manuel Mattheisen, Richard Sherva, Scott J. Crow, Mikael Landén, Wolfgang Herzog, Jeanette N. McClintick, Tõnu Esko, Louis Fox, Wolfgang Maier, Liselotte Petersen, Laura J. Bierut, Roseann E. Peterson, Gursharan Kalsi, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Margarita C T Slof-Op 't Landt, Tamara L. Wall, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Unna N. Danner, Stephan Zipfel, Ulrich W. Preuss, Elisa Docampo, D. Blake Woodside, Alfonso Tortorella, Benjamin W. Domingue, Franziska Ritschel, Johan G. Eriksson, Anu Raevuori, Benjamin M. Neale, Marcus Ising, Annemarie A. van Elburg, Filip Rybakowski, Maureen Reynolds, Tracey D. Wade, Manfred M. Fichter, Monica Gratacos Mayora, Claudette Boni, Andreas J. Forstner, John Whitfield, Silviu Alin Bacanu, Matthew B. McQueen, Andrew M. McIntosh, Norbert Scherbaum, Tatiana Foroud, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Sven Cichon, Christian J. Hopfer, Josef Frank, Eleftheria Zeggini, Federica Tozzi, Nadia Micali, Danielle M. Dick, Pamela A. F. Madden, Christian R. Marshall, Johannes Hebebrand, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Roel A. Ophoff, Roland Burghardt, Nathaniel Thomas, Leonid Padyukov, Nancy L. Saccone, Anu Loukola, Fabian Streit, James L. Kennedy, Jessica H. Baker, Peter McGuffin, Walter H. Kaye, Pei Hong Shen, Anne Farmer, Roger D. Cone, Ilka Boehm, Jacquelyn L. Meyers, Paolo Santonastaso, Maurizio Clementi, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Gudrun Wagner, Anke Hinney, Richard Parker, James I. Hudson, Nathan A. Gillespie, Michael Strober, John I. Nurnberger, Sandro Sorbi, Dorret I. Boomsma, Beata Świątkowska, Janne Tidselbak Larsen, Kenneth S. Kendler, Hidetoshi Inoko, Jessica E. Salvatore, Hunna J. Watson, Jochen Seitz, Jacques Pantel, Karl Mann, Hang Zhou, Antonio Julià, Oliver S. P. Davis, Nancy Diazgranados, Krista Fischer, John K. Hewitt, Karen S. Mitchell, Joanna Hauser, Eric O. Johnson, Craig Johnson, E. Jane Costello, Agnieszka Słopień, Dong Li, Laramie E. Duncan, Arpana Agrawal, Grant W. Montgomery, Manuel Föcker, Thomas Werge, Lannie Ligthart, Andreas Karwautz, Raquel Rabionet, Kenneth Krauter, Joel Gelernter, James J. Crowley, Cynthia M. Bulik, Paola Giusti-Rodríguez, Laura M. Huckins, Gerome Breen, Michael C. Stallings, Daniel E. Adkins, Pierre J. Magistretti, John Kramer, Lars Alfredsson, Hartmut Imgart, Annette M. Hartmann, Ole A. Andreassen, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Psychiatry, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department Psychiatry [Chapel Hill], University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University Children's Hospital of Essen [Essen, Germany], University of Duisburg-Essen, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Stockholm County Council, University of Würzburg, Guy's Hospital [London], University Medical Center [Utrecht], University of Gothenburg (GU), Altrecht Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld [Zeist, The Netherlands] (Mental Health Institute), National Institute of Mental Health [Tokyo, Japan] (NIMH), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry [Tokyo, Japan], University of Oslo (UiO), Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research [Oslo] (NORMENT), University of Oslo (UiO)-Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB)-Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Department of Psychiatry [Philadelphia], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Perelman School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Split, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], RWTH Aachen University, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Universita degli Studi di Padova, University Hospital Basel [Basel], Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Minnesota System, University of Bristol [Bristol], Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Harokopio University of Athens, Seattle University [Seattle], Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), University of Athens Medical School [Athens], unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Poznan University of Medical Sciences [Poland] (PUMS), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology [Barcelona] (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Stanford University, MetaGenoPolis (MGP (US 1367)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Estonian Genome and Medicine, University of Tartu, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP), The Institute of Psychiatry-King‘s College London, Department of Psychiatry (IDIBELL), CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición-University Hospital of Bellvitge, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Infectious diseases division, Department of internal medicine, University of Münster, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute (RECAMO), Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry, Mount Sinai Hospital [Toronto, Canada] (MSH), Medstar Research Institute, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), The Center for Applied Genomics, Psychiatric Genetic Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Leeds, University of Leeds, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia., Parkland-Klinik [Bad Wildungen-Reinhardshausen, Germany], Tokai University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health [university of Ostrava], Lékařská fakulta / Faculty of Medicine [University of Ostrava], Ostravská univerzita / University of Ostrava-Ostravská univerzita / University of Ostrava, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Charles University [Prague] (CU), University of Eastern Finland, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale [Toronto, ON, Canada], University of Helsinki, University of Aberdeen, Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkinje University, J. E. Purkinje University, Michigan State University System, Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen (UiB), Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Chicago School of Professional Psychology [Washington, District of Columbia, USA] (Washington DC Campus), Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Brain and Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Department of Psychiatry, University of Napoli, Center for Integrative Genomics - Institute of Bioinformatics, Génopode (CIG), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, Hospital for Sick Children-University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo (UiO)-Institute of Clinical Medicine-Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], University College Cork (UCC), Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, VA Boston Healthcare System, Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Kartini Clinic [Portland, Oregon, USA], University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Head of Medical Sequencing, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University-Medical Research Council, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Center for Eating Disorders Ursula [Leiden, The Netherlands] (Rivierduinen), Medical University of Łódź (MUL), The Jackson Laboratory [Bar Harbor] (JAX), Neurosciences Centre of Excellence in Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Utrecht University [Utrecht], SURFACES, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre épigénétique et destin cellulaire (EDC (UMR_7216)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Human Genetics, Internal Medicine [Tuebingen, Germany], Tuebingen University [Germany], Oregon Research Institute (ORI), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt [Baltimore, MD, USA], Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Eating Recovery Center [Denver, CO, USA], Centre for Addiction and Mental Health [Toronto, ON, Canada], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, Institute of Medical Science [Toronto], University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg [Göteborg], Department of Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System, Mayo Clinic [Rochester], Mayo Clinic, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York (SUNY), University of Edinburgh, Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Genomics [Bonn, Germany] (Institute of Human Genetics), University of Bonn-Institute of Human Genetics [Bonn, Germany], National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [Bethesda, MD, USA] (NIAAA), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Mathematical Sciences Institute (MSI), Australian National University (ANU), University of Colorado [Boulder], VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry [Mannhein], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Harvard University [Cambridge], University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], University of Vermont [Burlington], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), University of Dusseldorf, Genetics and Pathology, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Heidelberg University, University of Iowa [Iowa City], Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), Department of Cell Therapy, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig]-Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), University of Regensburg, Rush University Medical Center [Chicago], University of Utah, Duke University Medical Center, University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dpt of Neuroscience [New York], Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Department of Health and Human Services, University of Connecticut (UCONN), University of Colorado [Denver], Research Triangle Institute International (RTI International), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], CLinical Psychology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Yale School of Public Health (YSPH), Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Department of Public Health, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), University of Pennsylvania, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax (ITX-lab), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), King‘s College London-The Institute of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute (MMCI), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' = University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Department of Molecular Medicine [Scripps Research Institute], The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], Medical Research Council-Cardiff University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of California (UC), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Martinez Rico, Clara, Biological Psychology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, APH - Digital Health, Kas lab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Munn-Chernoff, M. A., Johnson, E. C., Chou, Y. -L., Coleman, J. R. I., Thornton, L. M., Walters, R. K., Yilmaz, Z., Baker, J. H., Hubel, C., Gordon, S., Medland, S. E., Watson, H. J., Gaspar, H. A., Bryois, J., Hinney, A., Leppa, V. M., Mattheisen, M., Ripke, S., Yao, S., Giusti-Rodriguez, P., Hanscombe, K. B., Adan, R. A. H., Alfredsson, L., Ando, T., Andreassen, O. A., Berrettini, W. H., Boehm, I., Boni, C., Boraska Perica, V., Buehren, K., Burghardt, R., Cassina, M., Cichon, S., Clementi, M., Cone, R. D., Courtet, P., Crow, S., Crowley, J. J., Danner, U. N., Davis, O. S. P., de Zwaan, M., Dedoussis, G., Degortes, D., Desocio, J. E., Dick, D. M., Dikeos, D., Dina, C., Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M., Docampo, E., Duncan, L. E., Egberts, K., Ehrlich, S., Escaramis, G., Esko, T., Estivill, X., Farmer, A., Favaro, A., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Fichter, M. M., Fischer, K., Focker, M., Foretova, L., Forstner, A. J., Forzan, M., Franklin, C. S., Gallinger, S., Giegling, I., Giuranna, J., Gonidakis, F., Gorwood, P., Gratacos Mayora, M., Guillaume, S., Guo, Y., Hakonarson, H., Hatzikotoulas, K., Hauser, J., Hebebrand, J., Helder, S. G., Herms, S., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Herzog, W., Huckins, L. M., Hudson, J. I., Imgart, H., Inoko, H., Janout, V., Jimenez-Murcia, S., Julia, A., Kalsi, G., Kaminska, D., Karhunen, L., Karwautz, A., Kas, M. J. H., Kennedy, J. L., Keski-Rahkonen, A., Kiezebrink, K., Kim, Y. -R., Klump, K. L., Knudsen, G. P. S., La Via, M. C., Le Hellard, S., Levitan, R. D., Li, D., Lilenfeld, L., Lin, B. D., Lissowska, J., Luykx, J., Magistretti, P. J., Maj, M., Mannik, K., Marsal, S., Marshall, C. R., Mattingsdal, M., Mcdevitt, S., Mcguffin, P., Metspalu, A., Meulenbelt, I., Micali, N., Mitchell, K., Monteleone, A. M., Monteleone, P., Nacmias, B., Navratilova, M., Ntalla, I., O'Toole, J. K., Ophoff, R. A., Padyukov, L., Palotie, A., Pantel, J., Papezova, H., Pinto, D., Rabionet, R., Raevuori, A., Ramoz, N., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Ricca, V., Ripatti, S., Ritschel, F., Roberts, M., Rotondo, A., Rujescu, D., Rybakowski, F., Santonastaso, P., Scherag, A., Scherer, S. W., Schmidt, U., Schork, N. J., Schosser, A., Seitz, J., Slachtova, L., Slagboom, P. E., Slof-Op't Landt, M. C. T., Slopien, A., Sorbi, S., Swiatkowska, B., Szatkiewicz, J. P., Tachmazidou, I., Tenconi, E., Tortorella, A., Tozzi, F., Treasure, J., Tsitsika, A., Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, M., Tziouvas, K., van Elburg, A. A., van Furth, E. F., Wagner, G., Walton, E., Widen, E., Zeggini, E., Zerwas, S., Zipfel, S., Bergen, A. W., Boden, J. M., Brandt, H., Crawford, S., Halmi, K. A., Horwood, L. J., Johnson, C., Kaplan, A. S., Kaye, W. H., Mitchell, J., Olsen, C. M., Pearson, J. F., Pedersen, N. L., Strober, M., Werge, T., Whiteman, D. C., Woodside, D. B., Grove, J., Henders, A. K., Larsen, J. T., Parker, R., Petersen, L. V., Jordan, J., Kennedy, M. A., Birgegard, A., Lichtenstein, P., Norring, C., Landen, M., Mortensen, P. B., Polimanti, R., Mcclintick, J. N., Adkins, A. E., Aliev, F., Bacanu, S. -A., Batzler, A., Bertelsen, S., Biernacka, J. M., Bigdeli, T. B., Chen, L. -S., Clarke, T. -K., Degenhardt, F., Docherty, A. R., Edwards, A. C., Foo, J. C., Fox, L., Frank, J., Hack, L. M., Hartmann, A. M., Hartz, S. M., Heilmann-Heimbach, S., Hodgkinson, C., Hoffmann, P., Hottenga, J. -J., Konte, B., Lahti, J., Lahti-Pulkkinen, M., Lai, D., Ligthart, L., Loukola, A., Maher, B. S., Mbarek, H., Mcintosh, A. M., Mcqueen, M. B., Meyers, J. L., Milaneschi, Y., Palviainen, T., Peterson, R. E., Ryu, E., Saccone, N. L., Salvatore, J. E., Sanchez-Roige, S., Schwandt, M., Sherva, R., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Thomas, N., Wang, J. -C., Webb, B. T., Wedow, R., Wetherill, L., Wills, A. G., Zhou, H., Boardman, J. D., Chen, D., Choi, D. -S., Copeland, W. E., Culverhouse, R. C., Dahmen, N., Degenhardt, L., Domingue, B. W., Frye, M. A., Gaebel, W., Hayward, C., Ising, M., Keyes, M., Kiefer, F., Koller, G., Kramer, J., Kuperman, S., Lucae, S., Lynskey, M. T., Maier, W., Mann, K., Mannisto, S., Muller-Myhsok, B., Murray, A. D., Nurnberger, J. I., Preuss, U., Raikkonen, K., Reynolds, M. D., Ridinger, M., Scherbaum, N., Schuckit, M. A., Soyka, M., Treutlein, J., Witt, S. H., Wodarz, N., Zill, P., Adkins, D. E., Boomsma, D. I., Bierut, L. J., Brown, S. A., Bucholz, K. K., Costello, E. J., de Wit, H., Diazgranados, N., Eriksson, J. G., Farrer, L. A., Foroud, T. M., Gillespie, N. A., Goate, A. M., Goldman, D., Grucza, R. A., Hancock, D. B., Harris, K. M., Hesselbrock, V., Hewitt, J. K., Hopfer, C. J., Iacono, W. G., Johnson, E. O., Karpyak, V. M., Kendler, K. S., Kranzler, H. R., Krauter, K., Lind, P. A., Mcgue, M., Mackillop, J., Madden, P. A. F., Maes, H. H., Magnusson, P. K. E., Nelson, E. C., Nothen, M. M., Palmer, A. A., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Porjesz, B., Rice, J. P., Rietschel, M., Riley, B. P., Rose, R. J., Shen, P. -H., Silberg, J., Stallings, M. C., Tarter, R. E., Vanyukov, M. M., Vrieze, S., Wall, T. L., Whitfield, J. B., Zhao, H., Neale, B. M., Wade, T. D., Heath, A. C., Montgomery, G. W., Martin, N. G., Sullivan, P. F., Kaprio, J., Breen, G., Gelernter, J., Edenberg, H. J., Bulik, C. M., and Agrawal, A.
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Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) ,Alcoholism/genetics ,Schizophrenia/genetics ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health ,Medizin ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Genome-wide association study ,Alcohol use disorder ,Anorexia nervosa ,Linkage Disequilibrium ,ddc:616.89 ,[SCCO]Cognitive science ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Tobacco Use Disorder/genetics ,Substance-Related Disorders/genetics ,0303 health sciences ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Factors de risc en les malalties ,Bulimia nervosa ,Feeding and Eating Disorders/genetics ,eating disorders ,genetic correlation ,substance use ,Tobacco Use Disorder ,3. Good health ,Fenotip ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Alcoholism ,Eating disorders ,Phenotype ,Schizophrenia ,Drinking of alcoholic beverages ,eating disorder ,Consum d'alcohol ,Major depressive disorder ,medicine.symptom ,Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics ,eating disorders, genetic correlation, substance use ,Clinical psychology ,Substance abuse ,Risk factors in diseases ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Article ,Feeding and Eating Disorders ,03 medical and health sciences ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,mental disorders ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Trastorns de la conducta alimentària ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetic association ,Pharmacology ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Binge eating ,business.industry ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,[SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,[SCCO] Cognitive science ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Twin study ,030227 psychiatry ,Abús de substàncies ,[SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health ,business ,Genètica ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg], twin-based=0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge-eating, AN without binge-eating, and a BN factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Total sample sizes per phenotype ranged from ~2,400 to ~537,000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations between eating disorder and substance-use-related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (rg=0.18; false discovery rate q=0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (rg=0.23; qwith binge-eating (rg=0.27; q=0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three non-diagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN without binge-eating (rgs=-0.19 to −0.23; qs
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- 2021
32. Substance use patterns in 9-10 year olds: Baseline findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study.
- Author
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Lisdahl KM, Tapert S, Sher KJ, Gonzalez R, Nixon SJ, Feldstein Ewing SW, Conway KP, Wallace A, Sullivan R, Hatcher K, Kaiver C, Thompson W, Reuter C, Bartsch H, Wade NE, Jacobus J, Albaugh MD, Allgaier N, Anokhin AP, Bagot K, Baker FC, Banich MT, Barch DM, Baskin-Sommers A, Breslin FJ, Brown SA, Calhoun V, Casey BJ, Chaarani B, Chang L, Clark DB, Cloak C, Constable RT, Cottler LB, Dagher RK, Dapretto M, Dick A, Do EK, Dosenbach NUF, Dowling GJ, Fair DA, Florsheim P, Foxe JJ, Freedman EG, Friedman NP, Garavan HP, Gee DG, Glantz MD, Glaser P, Gonzalez MR, Gray KM, Grant S, Haist F, Hawes S, Heeringa SG, Hermosillo R, Herting MM, Hettema JM, Hewitt JK, Heyser C, Hoffman EA, Howlett KD, Huber RS, Huestis MA, Hyde LW, Iacono WG, Isaiah A, Ivanova MY, James RS, Jernigan TL, Karcher NR, Kuperman JM, Laird AR, Larson CL, LeBlanc KH, Lopez MF, Luciana M, Luna B, Maes HH, Marshall AT, Mason MJ, McGlade E, Morris AS, Mulford C, Nagel BJ, Neigh G, Palmer CE, Paulus MP, Pecheva D, Prouty D, Potter A, Puttler LI, Rajapakse N, Ross JM, Sanchez M, Schirda C, Schulenberg J, Sheth C, Shilling PD, Sowell ER, Speer N, Squeglia L, Sripada C, Steinberg J, Sutherland MT, Tomko R, Uban K, Vrieze S, Weiss SRB, Wing D, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Zucker RA, and Heitzeg MM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development ™ Study (ABCD Study®) is an open-science, multi-site, prospective, longitudinal study following over 11,800 9- and 10-year-old youth into early adulthood. The ABCD Study aims to prospectively examine the impact of substance use (SU) on neurocognitive and health outcomes. Although SU initiation typically occurs during teen years, relatively little is known about patterns of SU in children younger than 12., Methods: This study aims to report the detailed ABCD Study® SU patterns at baseline (n = 11,875) in order to inform the greater scientific community about cohort's early SU. Along with a detailed description of SU, we ran mixed effects regression models to examine the association between early caffeine and alcohol sipping with demographic factors, externalizing symptoms and parental history of alcohol and substance use disorders (AUD/SUD)., Primary Results: At baseline, the majority of youth had used caffeine (67.6 %) and 22.5 % reported sipping alcohol (22.5 %). There was little to no reported use of other drug categories (0.2 % full alcohol drink, 0.7 % used nicotine, <0.1 % used any other drug of abuse). Analyses revealed that total caffeine use and early alcohol sipping were associated with demographic variables (p's<.05), externalizing symptoms (caffeine p = 0002; sipping p = .0003), and parental history of AUD (sipping p = .03)., Conclusions: ABCD Study participants aged 9-10 years old reported caffeine use and alcohol sipping experimentation, but very rare other SU. Variables linked with early childhood alcohol sipping and caffeine use should be examined as contributing factors in future longitudinal analyses examining escalating trajectories of SU in the ABCD Study cohort., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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33. Comparison of multiple measures of ADHD symptomatology: a multivariate genetic analysis.
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Nadder TS, Silberg JL, Rutter M, Maes HH, and Eaves LJ
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- Adolescent, Child, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Observer Variation, Phenotype, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Severity of Illness Index, Adolescent Behavior, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity genetics, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity psychology, Child Behavior, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Abstract
The phenotypic and genetic interrelationships underlying ADHD symptomatology assessed by various instruments were examined on a sample of 735 male and 819 female same-sex twin pairs, aged 8 to 16 years, participating in the first phase of the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (VTSABD). Multivariate analyses were applied to parental and teacher ratings from an investigator-based interview, the CAPA, and three questionnaires (the CBCL and the Rutter Parent and Teacher Scales). Results from patterns of intercorrelations and factor analyses of maternal measures suggested that at the phenotypic level, these assessed the same underlying behavioural construct, which differed from other emotional and behavioural constructs. However, genetic analyses showed that in addition to a common factor underlying the expression of ADHD as assessed across the range of measures, additional genetic factors were identified that were method- and rater-specific. The findings suggest that although the investigator-based interview and the behavioural checklists tap similar aspects of ADHD behaviour, there is additional rater-specific variance.
- Published
- 2001
34. Parental concordance and comorbidity for psychiatric disorder and associate risks for current psychiatric symptoms and disorders in a community sample of juvenile twins.
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Foley DL, Pickles A, Simonoff E, Maes HH, Silberg JL, Hewitt JK, and Eaves LJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Antisocial Personality Disorder psychology, Child, Comorbidity, Conduct Disorder psychology, Depressive Disorder, Major epidemiology, Depressive Disorder, Major psychology, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Mental Disorders psychology, Phobic Disorders epidemiology, Phobic Disorders psychology, Prevalence, Random Allocation, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Adolescent Behavior psychology, Antisocial Personality Disorder epidemiology, Conduct Disorder epidemiology, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Parents psychology, Twins psychology
- Abstract
In this report we characterize associations between parental psychiatric disorders and children's psychiatric symptoms and disorders using a population-based sample of 850 twin families. Juvenile twins are aged 8-17 years and are personally interviewed about their current history of DSM-III-R conduct, depression, oppositional-defiant, overanxious, and separation anxiety disorders using the CAPA-C. Mothers and fathers of twins are personally interviewed about their lifetime history of DSM-III-R alcoholism, antisocial personality disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, major depression, panic disorder/agoraphobia, social phobia, and simple phobia using a modified version of the SCID and the DIS. Generalized least squares and logistic regression are used to identify the juvenile symptoms and disorders that are significantly associated with parental psychiatric histories. The specificity of these associations is subsequently explored in a subset of families with maternal plus parental psychiatric histories with a prevalence > 1%. Parental depression that is not comorbid or associated with a different spousal disorder is associated with a significantly elevated level of depression and overanxious disorder symptoms and a significantly increased risk for overanxious disorder. Risks are higher for both symptomatic domains in association with maternal than paternal depression, and highest in association with maternal plus paternal depression. Risks for otherjuvenile symptoms and disorders index the comorbid and spousal histories with which parental depression is commonly associated. Paternal alcoholism that is not comorbid or associated with a maternal disorder is not significantly associated with current psychiatric symptoms or disorders in offspring. Risks for oppositional-defiant or conduct symptoms/disorders in the offspring of alcoholic parents index parental comorbidity and/or other spousal histories.
- Published
- 2001
35. Genetics of peanut allergy: a twin study.
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Sicherer SH, Furlong TJ, Maes HH, Desnick RJ, Sampson HA, and Gelb BD
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- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Arachis adverse effects, Food Hypersensitivity genetics
- Abstract
Background: The role of genetics in the etiology of peanut allergy is unknown. For complex genetic traits, twin studies can provide information on the relative contribution of genetic factors to a disease, as the relative confounding effects of environmental factors are markedly decreased., Objective: This study was performed to search for evidence that genetic factors influence peanut allergy by comparing the concordance rate for this allergy among monozygotic and dizygotic twins., Methods: Twin pairs with at least one member with peanut allergy were ascertained through the Food Allergy Network by advertisements in the organization's newsletters and Web site. Individuals with peanut allergy or parental surrogates were interviewed by telephone. A full atopic history was obtained, and peanut allergy and zygosity were determined using previously validated questionnaires. Heritability of peanut allergy was determined using univariate genetic model fitting by maximum likelihood with the Mx statistical modeling software package., Results: Seventy-five twin pairs were recruited. Seventeen pairs were excluded because of unconvincing peanut allergy histories (9 pairs, including 4 of uncertain zygosity) or because one twin had reportedly never ingested peanut (8 pairs). The median age of the 58 remaining twin pairs was 5 years (range 1 to 58 years). Seventy individuals had peanut allergy. In addition to convincing histories of peanut allergy, 52 (74%) had been tested (skin prick testing with or without radioallergosorbent assay) and all had positive reactions to peanut. Twenty-nine of the 70 had experienced >1 reaction to peanut; 29 of 70 had multisystem reactions. Among the monozygotic pairs (n = 14), 9 were concordant for peanut allergy (pairwise concordance, 64.3%) and among dizygotic pairs (n = 44), 3 were concordant for peanut allergy (pairwise concordance, 6.8%; chi(2) = 21.38, P <.0001). Heritability of peanut allergy was estimated at 81. 6% (95% confidence interval 41.6% to 99.7%) with model fitting using a population prevalence of peanut allergy of 0.4%., Conclusions: The significantly higher concordance rate of peanut allergy among monozygotic twins suggests strongly that there is a significant genetic influence on peanut allergy.
- Published
- 2000
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36. Predictive power of individual genetic and environmental factor scores.
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Thomis MA, Vlietinck RF, Maes HH, Blimkie CJ, van Leemputte M, Claessens AL, Marchal G, and Beunen GP
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Confidence Intervals, Elbow Joint physiology, Forecasting, Genetic Markers, Genotype, Humans, Isometric Contraction physiology, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Muscle Contraction physiology, Muscle, Skeletal anatomy & histology, Odds Ratio, Phenotype, Range of Motion, Articular physiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Stress, Physiological genetics, Stress, Physiological physiopathology, Weight Lifting education, Weight Lifting physiology, Environment, Models, Genetic, Twins, Dizygotic genetics, Twins, Monozygotic genetics
- Abstract
This study explores the use of an individual's genetic (IGFS) and environmental factor score (IEFS), constructed using genetic model fitting of a multivariate strength phenotype. Maximal isometric and dynamic strength measures, one maximal repetition load (1RM) and muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) were measured in 25 monozygotic and 16 dizygotic twin pairs. The use of IGFS and IEFS in predicting the sensitivity to environmental stress was evaluated by the association of the scores with strength training gains after a 10-week high resistance strength training programme. Results show a high contribution of genetic factors to the covariation between maximal strength and muscle cross-sectional area (84-97%) at pre-training evaluation. Individual factor scores explained the largest part of the variation in IRM and other strength measures at pre-training and post-training evaluation respectively. Genes that are switched on due to training stress (gene-environment interaction) could explain the decrease in explained variation over time. A negative correlation was found between IGFS and strength training gains (-0.24 to -0.51, P < 0.05); individuals with a high IGFS tend to gain less strength than individuals with low IGFS. Individual environmental factor scores have lower differential power. The predictive value of the IGFS has potential utility in identifying an individual's susceptibility to environmental stress in a variety of multifactorial characteristics, eg diseases and impairments, and for selection of sib pairs for QTL analyses.
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- 2000
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37. Further evidence against the environmental transmission of individual differences in neuroticism from a collaborative study of 45,850 twins and relatives on two continents.
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Lake RI, Eaves LJ, Maes HH, Heath AC, and Martin NG
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Australia, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Genetic, Neurotic Disorders psychology, United States, Diseases in Twins genetics, Individuality, Neurotic Disorders genetics, Social Environment
- Abstract
We examine the hypothesis that environmental transmission is a significant factor in individual differences for Neuroticism among 45,850 members of extended twin kinships from Australia (N = 20,945) and the United States (N = 24,905). To this large data set we fitted a model estimating genetic and environmental components of variance and gene-environmental covariance to examine the causes of individual differences in Neuroticism. For the combined sample we reject models including environmental transmission, shared environment, and a special twin environment in favor of more parsimonious genetic models. The best-fitting model involved only modest assortative mating, nonshared environment, and both additive and nonadditive genetic components. We conclude, first, that there is no evidence for environmental transmission as a contribution to individual differences in Neuroticism in these replicated samples, drawn from different continents, and, second, that a simple genetic structure underlies familial resemblance for the personality trait of Neuroticism. It is interesting that, despite the opportunity provided by the elaborate design and extensive power of our study, the picture revealed for the causes of individual differences in Neuroticism is little more complex than that found from earlier, simpler designs applied to smaller samples. However, this simplicity could not have been confirmed without using a highly informative design and a very large sample.
- Published
- 2000
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38. Frequency of church attendance in Australia and the United States: models of family resemblance.
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Kirk KM, Maes HH, Neale MC, Heath AC, Martin NG, and Eaves LJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Australia, Cohort Studies, Environment, Father-Child Relations, Female, Genetics, Behavioral, Humans, Least-Squares Analysis, Likelihood Functions, Male, Middle Aged, Mother-Child Relations, Sex Factors, Sexual Behavior, Twins, Dizygotic genetics, Twins, Monozygotic genetics, United States, Attitude, Family, Religion, Twins genetics
- Abstract
Data on frequency of church attendance have been obtained from separate cohorts of twins and their families from the USA and Australia (29,063 and 20,714 individuals from 5670 and 5615 families, respectively). The United States sample displayed considerably higher frequency of attendance at church services. Sources of family resemblance for this trait also differed between the Australian and US data, but both indicated significant additive genetic and shared environment effects on church attendance, with minor contributions from twin environment, assortative mating and parent-offspring environmental transmission. Principal differences between the populations were in greater maternal environmental effects in the US sample, as opposed to paternal effects in the Australian sample, and smaller shared environment effects observed for both women and men in the US cohort.
- Published
- 1999
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39. Religious attendance and frequency of alcohol use: same genes or same environments: a bivariate extended twin kinship model.
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Maes HH, Neale MC, Martin NG, Heath AC, and Eaves LJ
- Subjects
- Cohort Studies, Culture, Family Health, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genetics, Behavioral, Genotype, Humans, Likelihood Functions, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Genetic, Sex Factors, Virginia, Alcohol Drinking genetics, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Attitude to Health, Environment, Religion, Twins genetics, Twins psychology
- Abstract
Religious attendance has been shown to correlate negatively with alcohol use. We investigated whether this relationship is driven by genetic or environmental factors. Data on frequency of church attendance and frequency of alcohol use were obtained from twins and their families in the Virginia 30,000 study. A comprehensive bivariate model of family resemblance was fitted to the data using Mx. This model is described in detail. Results indicate that genetic factors primarily account for the relationship between alcohol and church attendance in males, whilst shared environmental factors, including cultural transmission and genotype-environment covariance, are stronger determinants of this association in females.
- Published
- 1999
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40. Tuberculosis I: a conceptual frame for the immunopathology of the disease.
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Maes HH, Causse JE, and Maes RF
- Subjects
- BCG Vaccine immunology, Humans, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Models, Immunological, Tuberculosis immunology
- Abstract
An analysis of the cellular and humoral immune responses after bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination and during tuberculosis treatment favors the hypothesis of an immune defence developed in four overlapping successive stages. The initial immune response is innate. The following two intermingle innate and specific responses against low molecular weight oligopeptidic and nonpeptidic antigens, as muramyldipeptide and trehalose dimycolate, and large molecular weight nonpeptidic antigens such as lipoarabinomannan. The ultimate specific response is directed against protein antigens as Antigen 60. BCG and primary tuberculosis (TB) infections induce cellular and humoral immune responses essentially against oligopeptidic and small and large molecular weight nonpeptidic antigens. Immune responses against non-peptidic substances contribute to the immunoprotection of the infected person who develops a primary infection. Some infected people allow the expression of the immunosuppressive activity of the pathogen. This results in the synthesis of interleukin-10 (IL-10), which suppresses the formation of interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and IL-2, and of IL-6, which suppresses T-cell responses. These patients have a skewed immune response against non-peptidic antigens and present with symptoms. They will not recover unless responses directed against proteinic antigens occur, which restore INF-gamma and IL-2 production. The formation of immumoglobulin-G (IgG)-type antibodies and of a cellular immunity against mycobacterial peptidic antigens is essential for a good protection against a post-primary infection.
- Published
- 1999
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41. Adolescent religiousness and its influence on substance use: preliminary findings from the Mid-Atlantic School Age Twin Study.
- Author
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D'Onofrio BM, Murrelle L, Eaves LJ, McCullough ME, Landis JL, and Maes HH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Child, Environment, Female, Genetics, Behavioral, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders genetics, Mental Disorders psychology, Mid-Atlantic Region, Models, Genetic, Models, Psychological, Mood Disorders genetics, Mood Disorders psychology, Mother-Child Relations, Peer Group, Population Surveillance, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Substance-Related Disorders genetics, Twins genetics, Adolescent Behavior, Attitude to Health, Religion, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Twins psychology
- Abstract
Research has consistently shown that religiousness is associated with lower levels of alcohol and drug use, but little is known about the nature of adolescent religiousness or the mechanisms through which it influences problem behavior in this age group. This paper presents preliminary results from the Mid-Atlantic School Age Twin Study, a prospective, population-based study of 6-18-year-old twins and their mothers. Factor analysis of a scale developed to characterize adolescent religiousness, the Religious Attitudes and Practices Inventory (RAPI), revealed three factors: theism, religious/spiritual practices, and peer religiousness. Twin correlations and univariate behavior-genetic models for these factors and a measure of belief that drug use is sinful reveal in 357 twin pairs that common environmental factors significantly influence these traits, but a minor influence of genetic factors could not be discounted. Correlations between the multiple factors of adolescent religiousness and substance use, comorbid problem behavior, mood disorders, and selected risk factors for substance involvement are also presented. Structural equation modeling illustrates that specific religious beliefs about the sinfulness of drugs and level of peer religiousness mediate the relationship between theistic beliefs and religious/spiritual practices on substance use. Limitations and future analyses are discussed.
- Published
- 1999
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42. Generation and function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from CD4/CD8(-/-) double-knockout mice.
- Author
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Corsi MM, Sandberg JK, Wasserman K, Maes HH, and Kiessling R
- Subjects
- Animals, CD4 Antigens biosynthesis, CD4 Antigens immunology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD8 Antigens biosynthesis, CD8 Antigens immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Cells, Cultured, Dendritic Cells immunology, Glycoproteins immunology, Immunization, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Peptide Fragments immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic immunology, Antigens, Viral, Bone Marrow Cells cytology, CD4 Antigens genetics, CD8 Antigens genetics, Dendritic Cells cytology, Viral Proteins
- Abstract
We present a novel, simple and straightforward method to obtain mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) from C57Bl/6 CD4/CD8(-/-) double knock-out mice. This new method, involving culture of bone marrow cells in medium supplemented with Interleukin 4 and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, does not involve negative immunodepletion of CD4+ and CD8+ populations, or extensive prior manipulations of the starting population. The resulting, loosely adherent cell population, exhibited the morphological characteristics and typical surface markers of DCs, and were endowed with the functional activities characteristic of bone marrow-derived DCs of wild-type mice. Interestingly, LCMV GP33-41 peptide-loaded CD4/CD8(-/-) DCs were efficiently lysed by peptide-specific activated CTLs in vitro. Furthermore, these peptide-loaded CD4/CD8(-/-) DCs induced a peptide-specific CTL response upon immunization of wild-type C57Bl/6 mice.
- Published
- 1999
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43. Univariate and multivariate genetic analysis of subcutaneous fatness and fat distribution in early adolescence.
- Author
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Beunen G, Maes HH, Vlietinck R, Malina RM, Thomis M, Feys E, Loos R, and Derom C
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Belgium epidemiology, Chi-Square Distribution, Child, Confidence Intervals, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Adipose Tissue growth & development, Adolescent physiology, Body Composition genetics, Body Constitution genetics, Models, Genetic
- Abstract
Univariate and multivariate analyses of the genetic and environmental contributions to variance in adipose tissue and adipose tissue distribution were carried out in early adolescents. Stature, weight, body mass index (BMI), and five subcutaneous skinfolds were measured at half-yearly intervals in 105 MZ and DZ twin pairs from 10 to 14 years. The most parsimonious model, which provided an adequate explanation for variation in the BMI, five skinfolds, and the T/E ratio, included additive genetic and specific environmental factors. Multivariate analyses of the genetic architecture of subcutaneous fat indicated a general skinfold genetic factor, an extremity skinfold genetic factor, and skinfold specific genetic factors. This implies that all skinfolds are under control of the same set of genes, that a different set of genes partly controls extremity skinfolds, and that other genes have a small skinfold specific impact. Environmental contributions included a general skinfold environmental factor and skinfold specific environmental factors. BMI is under control of the same set of genes as skinfolds and shows high genetic correlations with trunk skinfolds, which implies that nearly the same genes may influence trunk skinfolds and the BMI. All models were fairly consistent across the age range.
- Published
- 1998
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44. Strength training: importance of genetic factors.
- Author
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Thomis MA, Beunen GP, Maes HH, Blimkie CJ, Van Leemputte M, Claessens AL, Marchal G, Willems E, and Vlietinck RF
- Subjects
- Adult, Arm, Genotype, Humans, Male, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Weight Lifting, Genetic Variation, Physical Endurance genetics, Physical Fitness
- Abstract
Purpose: This study focuses on the quantification of genetic and environmental factors in arm strength after high-resistance strength training., Methods: Male monozygotic (MZ, N = 25) and dizygotic (DZ, N = 16) twins (22.4 +/- 3.7 yr) participated in a 10-wk resistance training program for the elbow flexors. The evidence for genotype*training interaction, or association of interindividual differences in training effects with the genotype, was tested by a two-way ANOVA in the MZ twins and using a bivariate model-fitting approach on pre- and post-training phenotypes in MZ and DZ twins. One repetition maximum (1RM), isometric strength, and concentric and eccentric moments in 110 degree arm flexion at velocities of 30 degrees x s(-1), 60 degrees x s(-1), and 12 degrees x s(-1) were evaluated as well as arm muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA)., Results: Results indicated significant positive training effects for all measures except for maximal eccentric moments. Evidence for genotype*training interaction was found for 1RM and isometric strength, with MZ intra-pair correlations of 0.46 and 0.30, respectively. Bivariate model-fitting indicated that about 20% of the variation in post-training 1RM, isometric strength, and concentric moment at 120 degrees x s(-1) was explained by training-specific genetic factors that were independent from genetic factors that explained variation in the pretraining phenotype (30-77%)., Conclusions: Genetic correlations between measures of pre- and post-training strength were indicative for high pleiotropic gene action and minor activation of training-specific genes during training.
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- 1998
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45. Genetic effects on ADHD symptomatology in 7- to 13-year-old twins: results from a telephone survey.
- Author
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Nadder TS, Silberg JL, Eaves LJ, Maes HH, and Meyer JM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders epidemiology, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders genetics, Child, Comorbidity, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Twins, Dizygotic genetics, Twins, Monozygotic genetics, Virginia epidemiology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity genetics, Diseases in Twins genetics
- Abstract
The magnitude of genetic and environmental factors and the influence of contrast effects on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology were examined on a sample of 900 twin pairs, aged 7-13, participating in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (VTSABD). In addition, the genetic and environmental correlations between ADHD and oppositional-defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) symptomatology were estimated. A series of structural models was applied to maternal ratings from a telephone survey, designed to screen for the three dimensions of ADHD symptomatology (hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention) and ODD/CD symptomatology. Model-fitting results suggested that ADHD symptomatology is highly heritable and influenced mostly by additive genetic, specific environmental, and contrast effects. However, this analysis could not exclude with statistical significance additional effects from dominance. The results of the best-fitting bivariate model suggested that the genetic correlation between the two traits is 50% and replicated previous findings of a common genetic factor influencing the comorbidity of ADHD and ODD/CD symptomatologies.
- Published
- 1998
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46. Genetics and developmental psychopathology: 2. The main effects of genes and environment on behavioral problems in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development.
- Author
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Eaves LJ, Silberg JL, Meyer JM, Maes HH, Simonoff E, Pickles A, Rutter M, Neale MC, Reynolds CA, Erikson MT, Heath AC, Loeber R, Truett KR, and Hewitt JK
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Anxiety Disorders genetics, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity genetics, Child, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Conduct Disorder diagnosis, Conduct Disorder epidemiology, Conduct Disorder genetics, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder diagnosis, Depressive Disorder epidemiology, Depressive Disorder genetics, Diseases in Twins diagnosis, Diseases in Twins epidemiology, Diseases in Twins genetics, Family, Female, Genetics, Behavioral, Health Surveys, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Disorders diagnosis, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Parents psychology, Psychology, Adolescent, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Virginia epidemiology, Mental Disorders genetics
- Abstract
Little is known about the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to risk for juvenile psychopathology. The Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development allows these contributions to be estimated. A population-based, unselected sample of 1412 Caucasian twin pairs aged 8-16 years was ascertained through Virginia schools. Assessment of the children involved semi-structured face-to-face interviews with both twins and both parents using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). Self-report questionnaires were also completed by parents, children, and teachers. Measures assessed DSM-III-R symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Overanxious Disorder, Separation Anxiety, and Depressive Disorder. Factorially derived questionnaire scales were also extracted. Scores were normalized and standardized by age and sex. Maximum likelihood methods were used to estimate contributions of additive and nonadditive genetic effects, the shared and unique environment, and sibling imitation or contrast effects. Estimates were tested for heterogeneity over sexes. Generally, monozygotic (MZ) twins correlated more highly than dizygotic (DZ) twins, parental ratings more than child ratings, and questionnaire scales more highly than interviews. DZ correlations were very low for measures of ADHD and DZ variances were greater than MZ variances for these variables. Correlations sometimes differed between sexes but those for boy-girl pairs were usually similar to those for like-sex pairs. Most of the measures showed small to moderate additive genetic effects and moderate to large effects of the unique individual environment. Measures of ADHD and related constructs showed marked sibling contrast effects. Some measures of oppositional behavior and conduct disorder showed shared environmental effects. There were marked sex differences in the genetic contribution to separation anxiety, otherwise similar genetic effects appear to be expressed in boys and girls. Effects of rater biases on the genetic analysis are considered. The study supports a widespread influence of genetic factors on risk to adolescent psychopathology and suggests that the contribution of different types of social influence may vary consistently across domains of measurement.
- Published
- 1997
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47. The Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. Influences of age, sex, and impairment on rates of disorder.
- Author
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Simonoff E, Pickles A, Meyer JM, Silberg JL, Maes HH, Loeber R, Rutter M, Hewitt JK, and Eaves LJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Anxiety Disorders genetics, Anxiety, Separation diagnosis, Anxiety, Separation epidemiology, Anxiety, Separation genetics, Child, Child Behavior Disorders diagnosis, Child Behavior Disorders epidemiology, Child Behavior Disorders genetics, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Depressive Disorder diagnosis, Depressive Disorder epidemiology, Depressive Disorder genetics, Diseases in Twins diagnosis, Diseases in Twins genetics, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Disorders diagnosis, Mental Disorders genetics, Parents, Phobic Disorders diagnosis, Phobic Disorders epidemiology, Phobic Disorders genetics, Prevalence, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales statistics & numerical data, Sex Factors, Virginia epidemiology, Diseases in Twins epidemiology, Mental Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: The Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development is a cohort-longitudinal epidemiological study that uses the genetic twin design to study the development and maintenance of child psychiatric disorders. We determined the rates of DSM-III-R disorders, disorders with impairment, and age, sex, and comorbidity effects., Methods: Families of 2762 white twins aged 8 to 16 years participated. Twins and their parents were asked systematically about risk factors and current psychiatric symptoms by means of investigator-based psychiatric interviews and questionnaires. The DSM-III-R diagnoses were made for major depressive disorder, separation anxiety, overanxious disorder, simple phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder., Results: The 3-month point prevalence for any DSM-III-R disorders was 413 per 1000, and that for disorders with associated impairment was 142 per 1000. Emotional disorders with impairment occurred in 89 per 1000, with girls being more commonly affected; behavioral disorders had a prevalence of 71 per 1000, with boys being more frequently affected. The proportion with disorder who also had functional impairment varied across disorders; anxiety and phobic disorders were particularly likely not to be accompanied by impairment. Rates of emotional and behavioral disorders increased over the age range. There was extensive comorbidity among disorders., Conclusions: The prevalence rates and patterns of findings from this study of twins are consistent with those of other epidemiological studies, supporting previous findings of few differences in rates of psychiatric disorder between twins and singletons. The importance of including measures of functional impairment is evident by its effect on rates of disorder and patterns of comorbidity.
- Published
- 1997
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48. Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity.
- Author
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Maes HH, Neale MC, and Eaves LJ
- Subjects
- Adoption, Adult, Body Mass Index, Child, Diseases in Twins psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity psychology, Twin Studies as Topic, Body Weight genetics, Diseases in Twins genetics, Obesity genetics, Social Environment
- Abstract
We review the literature on the familial resemblance of body mass index (BMI) and other adiposity measures and find strikingly convergent results for a variety of relationships. Results from twin studies suggest that genetic factors explain 50 to 90% of the variance in BMI. Family studies generally report estimates of parent-offspring and sibling correlations in agreement with heritabilities of 20 to 80%. Data from adoption studies are consistent with genetic factors accounting for 20 to 60% of the variation in BMI. Based on data from more than 25,000 twin pairs and 50,000 biological and adoptive family members, the weighted mean correlations are .74 for MZ twins, .32 for DZ twins, .25 for siblings, .19 for parent-offspring pairs, .06 for adoptive relatives, and .12 for spouses. Advantages and disadvantages of twin, family, and adoption studies are reviewed. Data from the Virginia 30,000, including twins and their parents, siblings, spouses, and children, were analyzed using a structural equation model (Stealth) which estimates additive and dominance genetic variance, cultural transmission, assortative mating, nonparental shared environment, and special twin and MZ twin environmental variance. Genetic factors explained 67% of the variance in males and females, of which half is due to dominance. A small proportion of the genetic variance was attributed to the consequences of assortative mating. The remainder of the variance is accounted for by unique environmental factors, of which 7% is correlated across twins. No evidence was found for a special MZ twin environment, thereby supporting the equal environment assumption. These results are consistent with other studies in suggesting that genetic factors play a significant role in the causes of individual differences in relative body weight and human adiposity.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Multivariate genetic analysis of maximal isometric muscle force at different elbow angles.
- Author
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Thomis MA, Van Leemputte M, Maes HH, Blimkie CJ, Claessens AL, Marchal G, Willems E, Vlietinck RF, and Beunen GP
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Male, Elbow physiology, Isometric Contraction genetics, Twins genetics
- Abstract
The maximal isometric moment at five different elbow joint angles was measured in 25 monozygotic and 16 dizygotic male adult twin pairs (22.4 +/- 3.7 yr). Genetic model fitting was used to quantify the genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in isometric strength. Additive genetic factors explained 66-78% of the variance in maximal torque at 170-140-110 and 80 degrees flexion (extension = 180 degrees). At 50 degrees flexion, common and subject-specific environmental factors contributed equally to the variation. The contribution of unique environmental factors concurs with the level of variability in muscle activation and (dis)-comfort of torque production in the specific angle. The relative contribution of lever arm and force-length relationship in torque varies according to the angle. Because these factors might be genetic, this variability is reflected in the genetic contribution at the extreme angles of 170 and 50 degrees. Multivariate analyses suggested a general set of genes that control muscle area and isometric strength, together with a more specific strength factor. Genetic correlations were high (0.82-0.99). Genes responsible for arm-segment lengths did not contribute to muscle area nor to isometric strength.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Inheritance of physical fitness in 10-yr-old twins and their parents.
- Author
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Maes HH, Beunen GP, Vlietinck RF, Neale MC, Thomis M, Vanden Eynde B, Lysens R, Simons J, Derom C, and Derom R
- Subjects
- Adult, Cardiovascular System, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Statistical, Parents, Respiration, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Family Health, Motor Skills physiology, Physical Fitness physiology, Twins
- Abstract
This study focuses on the quantification of genetic and environmental sources of variation in physical fitness components in 105 10-yr-old twin pairs and their parents. Nine motor tests and six skinfold measures were administered. Motor tests can be divided into those that are performance-related: static strength, explosive strength, running speed, speed of limb movement, and balance; and those that are health-related: trunk strength, functional strength, maximum oxygen uptake, and flexibility. The significance and contribution of genetic and environmental factors to variation in physical fitness were tested with model fitting. Performance-related fitness characteristics were moderately to highly heritable. The heritability estimates were slightly higher for health-related fitness characteristics. For most variables a simple model including genetic and specific environmental factors fitted the observed phenotypic variance well. Common environmental factors explained a significant part of the variation in speed components and flexibility. Assortative mating was significant and positive for speed components, balance, trunk strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness, but negative for adiposity. Static strength, explosive strength, functional strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness showed evidence for reduced genetic transmission or dominance. The hypothesis that performance-related fitness characteristics are more determined by genetic factors than health-related fitness was not supported. At this prepubertal age, genetic factors have the predominant effect on fitness.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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