171 results on '"Macrophage (ecology)"'
Search Results
2. The Biology of the African Bonytongue Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) from the Lower Niger River at Agenebode in Edo State, Nigeria
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M. O. Agbugui, F. E. Abhulimen, and H. O. Egbo
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geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Article Subject ,Floodplain ,Flesh ,Fish farming ,Ovary (botany) ,Zoology ,Biology ,Fecundity ,Mucus ,Macrophage (ecology) ,QL1-991 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Omnivore - Abstract
Background. The African bonytongue, Heterotis niloticus, is readily accommodated in the fresh water of the Niger River. It is available all year round with a large population of juveniles and adults due to its fast growth and versatile feeding habits. This commercial fish is a highly preferred source of food because of its high protein content and hardy flesh, thus forming a very important component in the diet of many Nigerians. It is highly valued because of its socioeconomic importance and benefits. Hence, this research is designed with the aim of studying the biology of the African bonytongue, Heterotis niloticus, and providing viable information about its importance in fish culture in order to make an available added variety of culturable and affordable fish species in Nigeria. Results. The oesophagus is a muscular organ that is short and distensible. The oesophagus leads to the gizzard-like stomach, a reddish bilobed organ that is muscular and tough. H. niloticus is an omnivorous macrophage detritor, consuming a wide variety of bottom-dwelling food items. The histology of the gastrointestinal tract reveals four conspicuous layers from the inside to the outside: mucosa, submucosa, inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of muscularis, and serosa. The presence of numerous mucus glands and longitudinal folds with a prominent columnar epithelium provides durable length or an extension of the gut mucus to aid lubrication and easy passage of food materials, protecting the mucosal epithelium from mechanical or chemical injuries arising from interactions with digestive tract contents or enzymes. In addition, the presence of absorptive cells helps in the absorption of valuable nutritive substances. Conclusions. The anatomy of the mouth and gut and the aforementioned histology are modified to accommodate the feeding habits. H. niloticus has a single ovary that rests on the right side of the fish; it is reproductively active as the flood plains rise and peaks at the peak of the rains, being a moderately fecund fish. The high fecundity is complemented with peaks of GSI observed during the months of September, October, and November, which reveals spawning periods. Hence, the aforementioned attributes of H. niloticus make the fish a viable fish species for culture.
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- 2021
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3. The effects of solutions of maca (Lepidium meyenii) powder as a food/feed supplement on the viability of murine macrophage cells by digital image analysis
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Irem Omurtag Korkmaz, Ahmet Sait, Ayşe Parmaksiz, Serol Korkmaz, and KORKMAZ S., Parmaksız A., SAİT A., OMURTAG KORKMAZ B. İ.
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Traditional medicine ,Lepidium meyenii ,Chemistry ,Cytotoxicity ,General Medicine ,Food Science and Technology ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Gıda Bilimi ve Teknolojisi ,Veterinary ,Lepidium meyenii,Cytotoxicity,Food/Feed Supplement,Maca ,Digital image analysis ,Veteriner Hekimlik ,Food/Feed Supplement - Abstract
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a tuber root plant and belong to Brassicaceae family and recently used as a supplement in human and animal nutrition. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of two solutions (aqueous and ethanol) of maca root powder by digital image analysis. Maca powder was mixed in ultra distilled water and ethanol (1:2 w/v) for 24 h at 4 °C. The mixtures were centrifuged and the supernatants were ten-fold diluted for cytotoxic analysis of Raw 264.7 murine macrophage cells. After seeded the cell cultures in microplates, ten-fold dilutions (from 10-1 to 10-7 ) of both maca solutions were added as six replicates for 24 h. While the aqueous maca solution increased the number of dead cells at 10-1 (50 mg mL-1 ), the ethanolic solution statistically increased the number of dead cells at 10-1 , 10-2 and 10-3 (50, 5 and 0.5 mg mL-1 ) (P
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- 2021
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4. Plant‐derived exosome‐like nanoparticles: A concise review on its extraction methods, content, bioactivities, and potential as functional food ingredient
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Hari Basuki Notobroto, Susi Indariani, Atik Choirul Hidajah, Ika Dewi Ana, Sigit Suharta, Anggraini Barlian, Triati Dewi Kencana Wungu, and Christofora Hanny Wijaya
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0303 health sciences ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Macrophages ,Vesicle ,Food Ingredients ,Nanoparticle ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plants ,Exosomes ,040401 food science ,Exosome ,Bioactive compound ,Macrophage (ecology) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ingredient ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Functional food ,Humans ,Nanoparticles ,Lipid bilayer ,Ultracentrifugation ,Food Science - Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) are small vesicles released by multivesicular bodies mainly to communicate between cells and regulate immunity against pathogen attack. Current studies have reported that PDENs could modulate gene expression in a cross-kingdom fashion. Therefore, PDENs could be a potential future functional food ingredient as their cross-kingdom communication abilities were reported to exert multiple health benefits. Macrophage and other cells have been reported to absorb PDENs in a manner regulated by the membrane lipid and protein profile and the intactness of the PDENs lipid bilayer. PDENs could be extracted from plant materials by various techniques such as ultracentrifugation, immunoaffinity, size-based isolation, and precipitation, though each method has its pros and cons. PDENs mainly contain lipid, protein, and genetic materials, mainly micro RNAs, which could exert multiple health benefits and functionalities when consumed in sufficient amounts. However, most studies on the health functionalities of PDENs were conducted through in-vitro and in-vivo studies, and its potency to be used as a functional ingredient remains a question as PDENs are sensitive to storage and processing condition and requires costly extraction method. This concise review features various exosome extraction methods, contents of PDENs and their roles, the health functionalities of PDENs, and its potency as a functional food ingredient.
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- 2021
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5. Content and composition analysis of polysaccharides from Blaps rynchopetera and its macrophage phagocytic activity
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Ying Wang, Jin-Hu Chen, Yu-Jia Wang, Mu-Ling Wang, Qing Luo, Yin-He Yang, Hu Yuan, Yu Zhao, Wan-Xin Yu, Qian Lu, and Huai Xiao
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,010405 organic chemistry ,Content determination ,polysaccharides ,blaps rynchopetera ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Composition analysis ,macrophage phagocytic activity ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Polysaccharide ,01 natural sciences ,Macrophage (ecology) ,0104 chemical sciences ,Monosaccharide composition ,Chemistry ,monosaccharide composition ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,content determination ,0210 nano-technology ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire has a long history of use as a folk medicine in China for treating fever, cough, gastritis, boils, and tumors. In the present study, the content analyses, monosaccharide composition analyses, and the macrophage phagocytic activity of rynchopetera polysaccharides (RPS) were reported. B. rhynchoptera is rich in polysaccharides (content value 3.97%). Through PMP (1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone) pre-column derivatization and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) testing, the results showed that RPS consist of 8 known monosaccharides, including D-mannose (Man), Rhamnose (Rha), D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA), D-galacturonic acid (GalUA), D-glucose (Glc), D-galactose (Gal), Arabinose (Ara), and Fucose (Fuc), with the total content of 171.70 mg g−1 and Glc has the highest content of 45.40 mg g−1. The phagocytic ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages was investigated after RPS stimulating alone and combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RPS played an important role in the engulfment of mouse peritoneal macrophages and can significantly enhance the phagocytic ability of macrophages. However, no synergistic effects were observed when RPS combined with LPS.
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- 2021
6. Biological and anthropogenic influences on macrophage aggregates in white perch Morone americana from Chesapeake Bay, USA
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Patricia M. Mazik, Erin L. Pulster, Vicki S. Blazer, and Mark A. Matsche
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Zoology ,Spleen ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Fish Diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rivers ,Morone americana ,Tributary ,medicine ,Animals ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Perch ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Chesapeake bay ,Macrophages ,Organochlorine pesticide ,biology.organism_classification ,Macrophage (ecology) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Bays ,Hemosiderin ,Bass ,Female ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
The response of macrophage aggregates in fish to a variety of environmental stressors has been useful as a biomarker of exposure to habitat degradation. Total volume of macrophage aggregates (MAV) was estimated in the liver and spleen of white perch Morone americana from Chesapeake Bay using stereological approaches. Hepatic and splenic MAV were compared between fish populations from the rural Choptank River (n = 122) and the highly urbanized Severn River (n = 131). Hepatic and splenic MAV increased with fish age, were greater in females from the Severn River only, and were significantly greater in fish from the more polluted Severn River (higher concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, and brominated diphenyl ethers). Water temperature and dissolved oxygen had a significant effect on organ volumes, but not on MAV. Age and river were most influential on hepatic and splenic MAV, suggesting that increased MAV in Severn River fish resulted from chronic exposures to higher concentrations of environmental contaminants and other stressors. Hemosiderin was abundant in 97% of spleens and was inversely related to fish condition and positively related to fish age and trematode infections. Minor amounts of hemosiderin were detected in 30% of livers and positively related to concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene metabolite equivalents in the bile. This study demonstrated that hepatic and splenic MAV were useful indicators in fish from the 2 tributaries with different land use characteristics and concentrations of environmental contaminants. More data are needed from additional tributaries with a wider gradient of environmental impacts to validate our results in this species.
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- 2021
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7. Role of various imbalances centered on alveolar epithelial cell/fibroblast apoptosis imbalance in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
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Qing Wang, Zhao-Liang Xie, Qi Wu, Zhi-Xian Jin, Chao Yang, Jing Feng, and Ning-Ning Wang
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lcsh:Medicine ,Apoptosis ,Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fibrosis ,medicine ,Humans ,Epigenetics ,Review Articles ,Epigenomics ,biology ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Alveolar epithelial cell ,General Medicine ,Fibroblasts ,respiratory system ,Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ,medicine.disease ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Chromatin ,Histone ,Alveolar Epithelial Cells ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Fibroblast ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
There have been recent extensive studies and rapid advancement on the pathogenesis underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and intricate pathogenesis of IPF has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to clarify the logical relationship between these mechanisms. An extensive search was undertaken of the PubMed using the following keywords: “etiology,” “pathogenesis,” “alveolar epithelial cell (AEC),” “fibroblast,” “lymphocyte,” “macrophage,” “epigenomics,” “histone,” acetylation,” “methylation,” “endoplasmic reticulum stress,” “mitochondrial dysfunction,” “telomerase,” “proteases,” “plasminogen,” “epithelial-mesenchymal transition,” “oxidative stress,” “inflammation,” “apoptosis,” and “idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.” This search covered relevant research articles published up to April 30, 2020. Original articles, reviews, and other articles were searched and reviewed for content; 240 highly relevant studies were obtained after screening. IPF is likely the result of complex interactions between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors: environmental exposures affect epigenetic marks; epigenetic processes translate environmental exposures into the regulation of chromatin; epigenetic processes shape gene expression profiles; in turn, an individual's genetic background determines epigenetic marks; finally, these genetic and epigenetic factors act in concert to dysregulate gene expression in IPF lung tissue. The pathogenesis of IPF involves various imbalances including endoplasmic reticulum, telomere length homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, Th1/Th2 imbalance, M1–M2 polarization of macrophages, protease/antiprotease imbalance, and plasminogen activation/inhibition imbalance. These affect each other, promote each other, and ultimately promote AEC/fibroblast apoptosis imbalance directly or indirectly. Excessive AEC apoptosis and impaired apoptosis of fibroblasts contribute to fibrosis. IPF is likely the result of complex interactions between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. The pathogenesis of IPF involves various imbalances centered on AEC/fibroblast apoptosis imbalance.
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- 2021
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8. M1 Macrophage and M1/M2 ratio defined by transcriptomic signatures resemble only part of their conventional clinical characteristics in breast cancer
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Kazuaki Takabe, Manabu Futamura, Yoshihisa Tokumaru, Ryusei Matsuyama, Itaru Endo, Takashi Ishikawa, Masanori Oshi, Li Yan, Vikas Satyananda, Kazuhiro Yoshida, Nobuhisa Matsuhashi, and Mariko Asaoka
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Cancer microenvironment ,Databases, Factual ,Science ,Breast Neoplasms ,Biology ,Article ,Transcriptome ,Breast cancer ,Immune system ,Tumor Microenvironment ,medicine ,Humans ,Related gene ,Survival rate ,Cell Proliferation ,Retrospective Studies ,Multidisciplinary ,Cell growth ,Macrophages ,Cell Cycle ,Cell cycle ,medicine.disease ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Survival Rate ,Cancer research ,Medicine ,Female - Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in biology of various cancers, including breast cancer. In the current study, we defined “M1” macrophage and “M1”/“M2” ratio by transcriptomic signatures using xCell. We investigated the association between high level of “M1” macrophage or “M1”/“M2” ratio and the tumor immune microenvironment by analyzing the transcriptome of publicly available cohorts, TCGA and METABRIC. We found that “M1” high tumors were not associated with prolonged survival compared with “M1” low tumors, or with the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. “M1” high tumors were associated with clinically aggressive features and “M1” high tumors enriched the cell proliferation and cell cycle related gene sets in GSEA. At the same time, “M1” high tumors were associated with high immune activity and favorable tumor immune microenvironment, as well as high expression of immune check point molecules. Strikingly, all these results were mirrored in “M1”/“M2” ratio high tumors. In conclusion, transcriptomically defined “M1” or “M1”/“M2” high tumors were associated with aggressive cancer biology and favorable tumor immune microenvironment but not with survival benefit, which resembled only part of their conventional clinical characteristics.
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- 2020
9. Hiding in Plain Sight
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Caitlin H. Kowalski, Karen Guillemin, and T. Jarrod Smith
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0303 health sciences ,biology ,Transmission (medicine) ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Macrophage (ecology) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Virology ,embryonic structures ,parasitic diseases ,Parasitology ,Schistosoma mansoni ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Microbes expertly manipulate hosts to their advantage, but few completely escape detection. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Takaki et al. (2021) describe how Schistosoma mansoni eggs choreograph macrophage behaviors to promote efficient transmission of mature eggs, while immature eggs remain safely hidden in plain sight.
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- 2021
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10. Introducing the M4 (MultiModal Modular Microscopy) 3D Printed Microscope System for Imaging Macrophage-Pathogen Interactions
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Gemma Cairns
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3d printed ,Microscope ,Materials science ,law ,business.industry ,Microscopy ,Modular design ,business ,Pathogen ,Macrophage (ecology) ,law.invention ,Cell biology - Published
- 2021
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11. Functional Biomaterials Modulate Macrophage in the Tumour Micro-environment
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Tsung-Meng Wu, Fan-Hua Nan, Yu-Sheng Wu, Hisang-Lin Tsai, and Kuang-Teng Wang
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0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Micro environment ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL ,Biology ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,Macrophage (ecology) ,030215 immunology ,Cell biology - Abstract
The inflammation response requires the cooperation of macrophages with immune cell function and active factors, such as cytokines and chemokines. Through this response, these factors are involved in the immune response to affect physiological activities. Macrophages can be categorized into two types: ‘M1’ and ‘M2’. M1 macrophages destroy the pathogen through phagocytosis activation, ROS production, and antigen-presenting, among other functions. M2 macrophages release cellular factors for tissue recovery, growth, and angiogenesis. Studies have determined that tumour tissue presents with numerous macrophages, termed tumour-associated macrophages. Tumour cells and peripheral stromal cells stimulate the tumour associated with macrophages (M2) to produce factors that regulate angiogenesis. Modulating the balance of the M1 and M2 function has already gained interest as a potentially valuable immune disease therapy. However, applications of the immunotherapy in clinical treatments are still not clear with regard to the cellular working mechanism. Therefore, we summarized the functions of common biomaterials involved in the modulation of the macrophage.
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- 2020
12. Erratum to 'Effects of diets with whole plant-origin proteins added different ratios of taurine: Methionine on the growth, macrophage activity and antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings' [Vet. Anim. Sci. 3C (2017) 4–9]
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Omar Ezequiel Aguillón Hernández, Luis Héctor Hernández Hernández, Armando Shimada Miyasaka, and Mario Garduño Lugo
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Taurine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Antioxidant capacity ,Methionine ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,chemistry ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Rainbow trout ,Food science ,Macrophage (ecology) - Published
- 2020
13. Cryo-nanoimaging of Single Human Macrophage Cells: 3D Structural and Chemical Quantification
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Alessandra Procopio, Sylvain Bohic, Francesca Berlutti, Chiara Gramaccioni, Piera Valenti, Peter Cloetens, Nicola Viganò, Luigi Rosa, Yang Yang, and Alexandra Pacureanu
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Surface Properties ,X-ray fluorescence ,x-rays ,tomography ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,immunology ,Optical imaging ,Single-cell analysis ,Microscopy ,elements ,fluorescence ,Humans ,Particle Size ,Chemistry ,Macrophages ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Cryoelectron Microscopy ,Optical Imaging ,Fluorescence ,Macrophage (ecology) ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biophysics ,Nanoparticles ,Single-Cell Analysis - Abstract
X-ray microscopy is increasingly used in biology, but in most cases only in a qualitative way. We present here a 3D correlative cryo X-ray microscopy approach suited for the quantification of molar concentrations and structure in native samples at nanometer scale. The multimodal approach combines X-ray fluorescence and X-ray holographic nanotomography on "thick" frozen-hydrated cells. The quantitativeness of the X-ray fluorescence reconstruction is improved by estimating the self-attenuation from the 3D holography reconstruction. Applied to complex macrophage cells, we extract the quantification of major and minor elements heavier than phosphorus, as well as the density, in the different organelles. The intracellular landscape shows remarkable elemental differences. This novel analytical microscopy approach will be of particular interest to investigate complex biological and chemical systems in their native environment.
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- 2020
14. Macrophage+: a Game With a Purpose for Applying Human Intelligence in Control Mechanisms
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Fereidoon Shams Aliee, Amirmehdi Setarenejad, Hassan Haghighi, and Ali Tarihi
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Observer (quantum physics) ,Human intelligence ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,Control (management) ,General Engineering ,020101 civil engineering ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Macrophage (ecology) ,0201 civil engineering ,Control theory ,Human–computer interaction ,Adaptation (computer science) - Abstract
Originally, control mechanisms were proposed to replace the need for human intervention in operational environments, and thus, enhance the precision and reaction time. Nowadays, new requirements in computer systems such as adaptation have made the design of control mechanisms more challenging. The Observer/Controller pattern is one of the control mechanisms proposed to control many interacting independent elements by making intelligent decisions. An important challenge in designing these mechanisms is that the knowledge needed for decision making is provided by experts; therefore, the process becomes time consuming and costly, depending on the availability of experts and their costs. In this paper, we hypothesize that employing a Game With A Purpose can help to improve the process of providing knowledge in such control mechanisms by using crowd-sourcing and involving non-expert humans in an enjoyable manner. This hypothesis has been investigated by Macrophage+, a Game With A Purpose implemented for this goal. We conducted experiments evaluating Macrophage+, focusing on both its applicability and effectiveness in the context of the observer/controller pattern as well as its enjoyability for the players. The results show that Macrophage+ is a successful Game With A Purpose that involves non-expert humans in the application of the observer/controller pattern.
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- 2020
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15. Macrophage Immunomodulatory Activity of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Isolated from the Crown-of-thorns Star Fish (acanthaster planci)
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Alim Isnansetyo, Noer Kasanah, M. Janib Achmad, and Ustadi
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Pharmacology ,biology ,Chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Crown of Thorns ,Acanthaster ,Zoology ,%22">Fish ,biology.organism_classification ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Unsaturated fatty acid - Published
- 2018
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16. Protocol for simulating macrophage signal transduction and phenotype polarization using a large-scale mechanistic computational model
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Aleksander S. Popel and Chen Zhao
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Science (General) ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Scale (ratio) ,Computer science ,Macrophages ,General Neuroscience ,Systems biology ,Immunology ,High resolution ,Computational biology ,Models, Biological ,Phenotype ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Q1-390 ,Protocol ,Animals ,Computer Simulation ,Single-Cell Analysis ,Signal transduction ,Protocol (object-oriented programming) ,Computer sciences ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Summary The ability to measure and analyze the complex dynamic multi-marker features of macrophages is critical for the understanding of their diverse phenotypes and functions in health and disease. To that end, we have recently developed a multi-pathway computational model that for the first time enables a systems-level characterization of macrophage signaling and activation from quantitative, temporal, dose-dependent, and single-cell aspects. This protocol includes instructions to utilize this model to computationally explore different biological scenarios with high resolution and efficiency. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhao et al. (2021)., Graphical abstract, Highlights • A computational platform of multi-pathway mechanistic macrophage polarization • Model resolution from quantitative, time/dose-dependent, and single-cell aspects • Model-based evaluation of therapeutic macrophage repolarization in pathophysiology, The ability to measure and analyze the complex dynamic multi-marker features of macrophages is critical for the understanding of their diverse phenotypes and functions in health and disease. To that end, we have recently developed a multi-pathway computational model that for the first time enables a systems-level characterization of macrophage signaling and activation from quantitative, temporal, dose-dependent, and single-cell aspects. This protocol includes instructions to utilize this model to computationally explore different biological scenarios with high resolution and efficiency.
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- 2021
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17. Comparison of effects of homeopathic medicines prepared in glass and plastic vials in macrophage activity in vitro
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Thayná Neves Cardoso, Amarylis Toledo Cesar, Fabiana Rodrigues Santana, Leoni Villano Bonamin, Fabiana Toshie de Camargo Konno, Luciana Costa Dalboni, and Silvia Waisse Priven
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Complementary and alternative medicine ,Traditional medicine ,Chemistry ,Arsenicum album ,Homeopathic medicine ,Vial ,Macrophage (ecology) ,In vitro - Abstract
Background: According to the “silica hypothesis†to explain the action of homeopathic medicines, complex nanoparticles involving the silica extracted from the walls of the glass vial during succussions would be needed to act on target cells. Aims: We aimed to know if suspended particles of silica found in Arsenicum album (AA) could be associated to its biological effects in vitro. Methodology: RAW 264.7 macrophages were co-cultured with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to promote phagocytosis. During this process, the cells were exposed to AA in different homeopathic dilutions (30K, 6cH and 200cH) prepared in both, glass or silica-fee plastic vials. All dilutions were prepared from the same 3cH matrix. Since parallel experiments showed random stimulating and inhibiting effects of homeopathic lactose, untreated cells and water were used as controls. The macrophage activity was measured by digital histometry (Metamorph®), reflecting the cell spreading and phagocytosis. A complementary analysis using the acridine orange stain in real time fluorescence microscopy was also performed to evaluate the organization of phago-lysosomes inside the cells. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Microparticles present in the medicines were identified in an EDS (energy dispersive x-ray detector) system (JEOL JMS 6510), according to their chemical elements composition. The morphology of particles was not considered for analysis, since it was considered irrelevant. Results: Experiment one: AA 30K and pure water, when prepared in plastic vials, were able to increase macrophage activity (p≤0.05), but the same result was not seen in cells treated with AA 30K or pure water stocked in glass. Experiment two: AA 200cH prepared in plastic vials also lead to significant increase of macrophage spreading (p≤0.05) in relation to the controls, but no effect was seen in the samples prepared in glass vials. Experiment three: No difference was observed in AA 6cH treated cells in relation to the controls. The morphology of the cells under fluorescence microscopy exhibited increase in lysosome activity in AA 200cH prepared in both plastic and glass vials, in relation to the untreated control. The EDS analysis has shown that only medicines prepared in glass vials contained suspended silica particles. Conclusions: Taken the data together, the unspecific effects on macrophage spreading after treatment with homeopathic AA 30K, 200cH and water prepared in plastic vials, added to the absence of silica particles in these preparations and the increase of lysosomal activity only seen in AA 200cH, independently of the vial nature, corroborate that silica might not be a mandatory condition to justify the biological effects of homeopathic medicines. Additionally, the existence of putative contaminants released from plastic vials during the medicine manipulation deserves further studies. Acknowledgements: CAPES, UNIP, ABFH
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- 2021
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18. Effects of diets with whole plant-origin proteins added with different ratios of taurine:methionine on the growth, macrophage activity and antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) fingerlings
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Armando Shimada Miyasaka, Mario Garduño Lugo, Luis Héctor Hernández Hernández, and Omar Ezequiel Aguillón Hernández
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Taurine ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Methionine ,Soy protein isolate ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Spirulina (dietary supplement) ,Food science ,Soy protein ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Antioxidant capacity ,Rainbow trout ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,040102 fisheries ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
A 70-days feeding trial was performed to determine the effect of diets with whole plant-origin proteins added with different ratios of taurine:methionine on the growth, macrophage burst activity and antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Triplicated groups of 70 fingerlings of an initial weight of 0.54±0.1 g (mean±±SD) were fed diets with soy protein isolate and Spirulina powder as protein sources (46% crude protein) and added (10 g/kg diet) with different taurine and methionine ratios: 0.0 and 10.0 (diet T0/M100), 2.5 and 7.5 (diet T25/M75), 5.0 and 5.0 (diet T50/M50), 7.5 and 2.5 (diet T75/M25) and 10.0 and 0.0 (diet T100/M0), respectively. At the end of the trial, growth performance, lipid and protein contents in liver and muscle, macrophage burst activity and liver antioxidant activity, were determined. The growth performance, macrophage burst activity and antioxidant activity were improved as the taurine increased in the diets. The ratio of 7.5 and 2.5 g/kg of taurine:methionine in diets with SPI and Spirulina powder as protein sources (diet T75/M25), seems to be the best inclusion for rainbow trout fingerlings., Highlights • Several ratios of taurine:methionine for rainbow trour fed while plant-protein diets. • Taurine improved antioxidant capacity of heptocites and burst activity of macropahges. • 10 g/kg of taurine:methionine inclusion is optimal for rainbow trout fed whole plant protein diets.
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- 2017
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19. Glucans and the Poultry Immune System
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Anthony J. Pescatore and J. P. Jacob
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.drug_class ,Immunology ,Antibiotics ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Antibody titer ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Microbiology ,Vaccination ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Immune system ,Immunity ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
With the reduced availability of antibiotics, poultry producers are looking for feed additives to stimulate the immune system of their birds. Some beta-glucans have been shown to improve gut health in poultry subjected to a bacterial challenge, to increase the flow of new immunocytes into the various lymphoid organs, to increase macrophage function, to increase antibody titers after a vaccination and to function as an anti-inflammatory immunomodulator. As a result, beta-glucans may provide a tool for producers trying to reduce or eliminate the use of antibiotics in poultry diets.
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- 2017
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20. Author Correction: Yolk sac macrophage progenitors traffic to the embryo during defined stages of development
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Simon Yona, Robert Pick, Markus Sperandio, Tobias Weinberger, Raffael Thaler, Andreas Margraf, Elvira Mass, Jeffery D. Molkentin, Christoph Scheiermann, F. Wagner, Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold, Udo Jeschke, Christopher Stremmel, Jon Frampton, Sarah Klapproth, Markus Moser, Ronald J. Vagnozzi, Stefan Hutter, Frederic Geissmann, Christian Schulz, Steffen Massberg, and R. Schuchert
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0301 basic medicine ,Multidisciplinary ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Embryo ,General Chemistry ,Anatomy ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Macrophage (ecology) ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,lcsh:Q ,Yolk sac ,lcsh:Science - Abstract
This article contains errors in Figs. 5 and 6, for which we apologize. In Fig. 5f, the image ‘E12.5 tail’ was inadvertently replaced with a duplicate of the image ‘E12.5 trunk’ from the same panel. In Figure 6d, the image ‘E9.5/OH-TAM E8.5, embryo’ was inadvertently replaced with a duplicate of the image ‘E10.5/ OH-TAM E8.5, embryo’ from Fig. 6b. The corrected versions of these figures appear in the Author Correction associated with this Article.
- Published
- 2018
21. Correction to: Reducing macrophage numbers alleviates temporomandibular joint ankylosis
- Author
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Lu Zhao, E. Xiao, Yang He, Shuo Chen, Yi Zhang, Ye-Hua Gan, Linhai He, and Denghui Duan
- Subjects
Histology ,business.industry ,Temporomandibular joint ankylosis ,Internet portal ,Medicine ,Cell Biology ,Bioinformatics ,business ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
The article "Reducing macrophage numbers alleviates temporomandibular joint ankylosis", written by Lu Zhao, E Xiao, Linhai He, Denghui Duan, Yang He, Shuo Chen, Yi Zhang and Yehua Gan, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal.
- Published
- 2019
22. Effect of collection methods on combustion particle physicochemical properties and their biological response in a human macrophage-like cell line
- Author
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Raziye Mohammadpour, Isabel C. Jaramillo, Robert Paine, Kerry E. Kelly, Anne Sturrock, Kamaljeet Kaur, Christopher A. Reilly, and Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,THP-1 Cells ,010501 environmental sciences ,Combustion ,01 natural sciences ,Coal Ash ,Article ,Humans ,Particle Size ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Air Pollutants ,Chemistry ,Macrophages ,General Medicine ,Particulates ,In vitro ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Cell culture ,Nanotoxicology ,Particle-size distribution ,Biophysics ,Particle ,Particulate Matter ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
In vitro studies are a first step toward understanding the biological effects of combustion-derived particulate matter (cdPM). A vast majority of studies expose cells to cdPM suspensions, which requires a method to collect cdPM and suspend it in an aqueous media. The consequences of different particle collection methods on particle physiochemical properties and resulting biological responses are not fully understood. This study investigated the effect of two common approaches (collection on a filter and a cold plate) and one relatively new (direct bubbling in DI water) approach to particle collection. The three approaches yielded cdPM with differences in particle size distribution, surface area, composition, and oxidative potential. The directly bubbled sample retained the smallest sized particles and the bimodal distribution observed in the gas-phase. The bubbled sample contained ∼50% of its mass as dissolved species and lower molecular weight compounds, not found in the other two samples. These differences in the cdPM properties affected the biological responses in THP-1 cells. The bubbled sample showed greater oxidative potential and cellular reactive oxygen species. The scraped sample induced the greatest TNFα secretion. These findings have implications for in vitro studies of air pollution and for efforts to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
- Published
- 2019
23. Automated macrophage counting in DLBCL tissue samples: a ROF filter based approach
- Author
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Julia Richter, Markus Löffler, Michael Altenbuchinger, Sarah Reinke, Rainer Spang, Ulf-Dietrich Braumann, Wolfram Klapper, René Hänsel, and Marcus Wagner
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Computer science ,Macrophage ,610 Medizin ,Immunohistochemical staining ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Automated cell counting ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Segmentation ,Low correlation ,Rule-based detection ,Feature detection (computer vision) ,ddc:610 ,business.industry ,Methodology ,CD14 ,CD163 ,Floating threshold ,ROF filtering ,Pattern recognition ,Filter (signal processing) ,Thresholding ,Macrophage (ecology) ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Artificial intelligence ,DNA microarray ,business - Abstract
Background For analysis of the tumor microenvironment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tissue samples, it is desirable to obtain information about counts and distribution of different macrophage subtypes. Until now, macrophage counts are mostly inferred from gene expression analysis of whole tissue sections, providing only indirect information. Direct analysis of immunohistochemically (IHC) fluorescence stained tissue samples is confronted with several difficulties, e.g. high variability of shape and size of target macrophages and strongly inhomogeneous intensity of staining. Consequently, application of commercial software is largely restricted to very rough analysis modes, and most macrophage counts are still obtained by manual counting in microarrays or high power fields, thus failing to represent the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment adequately. Methods We describe a Rudin-Osher-Fatemi (ROF) filter based segmentation approach for whole tissue samples, combining floating intensity thresholding and rule-based feature detection. Method is validated against manual counts and compared with two commercial software kits (Tissue Studio 64, Definiens AG, and Halo, Indica Labs) and a straightforward machine-learning approach in a set of 50 test images. Further, the novel method and both commercial packages are applied to a set of 44 whole tissue sections. Outputs are compared with gene expression data available for the same tissue samples. Finally, the ROF based method is applied to 44 expert-specified tumor subregions for testing selection and subsampling strategies. Results Among all tested methods, the novel approach is best correlated with manual count (0.9297). Automated detection of evaluation subregions proved to be fully reliable. Comparison with gene expression data obtained for the same tissue samples reveals only moderate to low correlation levels. Subsampling within tumor subregions is possible with results almost identical to full sampling. Mean macrophage size in tumor subregions is 152.5±111.3 μm2. Conclusions ROF based approach is successfully applied to detection of IHC stained macrophages in DLBCL tissue samples. The method competes well with existing commercial software kits. In difference to them, it is fully automated, externally repeatable, independent on training data and completely documented. Comparison with gene expression data indicates that image morphometry constitutes an independent source of information about antibody-polarized macrophage occurence and distribution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12575-019-0098-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2019
24. Macrophage-Like Nanorobots To Anticipate Bacterial Dynamics
- Author
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Huber Nieto-Chaupis
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0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Computer science ,Dynamics (mechanics) ,Nanorobotics ,02 engineering and technology ,Continuous sensing ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0210 nano-technology ,Biological system ,Nanodevice ,Macrophage (ecology) - Abstract
We present computational simulations based on physics equations of the expected performance by a nanodevice that would play the role as an immune system cell such as the well-known macrophage, in the sense that these advanced devices can detect and perform interventions against aggregations of bacteria or virus. These prospective nanorobots would have the capability to recognize physical properties as well as to anticipate motion of bacteria and virus based entirely in electric interactions. The recognition of the type of bacteria is achieved through the continuous sensing of the electric interactions between the nanorobot and bacteria. A physics-based model entirely developed from the calculations of electric forces supports the content of this paper.
- Published
- 2019
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25. A data-driven computational model enables integrative and mechanistic characterization of dynamic macrophage polarization
- Author
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Aleksander S. Popel, Chen Zhao, Richard J. Sové, Thalyta X. Medeiros, and Brian H. Annex
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0301 basic medicine ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Computer science ,Arterial disease ,in silico biology ,Systems biology ,In silico ,Population ,Macrophage polarization ,systems biology ,02 engineering and technology ,Computational biology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Article ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Characterization (materials science) ,Data-driven ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,cell biology ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,0210 nano-technology ,education - Abstract
Summary Macrophages are highly plastic immune cells that dynamically integrate microenvironmental signals to shape their own functional phenotypes, a process known as polarization. Here we develop a large-scale mechanistic computational model that for the first time enables a systems-level characterization, from quantitative, temporal, dose-dependent, and single-cell perspectives, of macrophage polarization driven by a complex multi-pathway signaling network. The model was extensively calibrated and validated against literature and focused on in-house experimental data. Using the model, we generated dynamic phenotype maps in response to numerous combinations of polarizing signals; we also probed into an in silico population of model-based macrophages to examine the impact of polarization continuum at the single-cell level. Additionally, we analyzed the model under an in vitro condition of peripheral arterial disease to evaluate strategies that can potentially induce therapeutic macrophage repolarization. Our model is a key step toward the future development of a network-centric, comprehensive “virtual macrophage” simulation platform., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • A large-scale, mechanistic computational model of macrophage polarization • Model enables quantitative, temporal, dose-dependent, and single-cell simulations • Unprecedented predictive resolution empowered by extensive model calibration • Model analyses provide new directions for therapeutic macrophage repolarization, cell biology; systems biology; in silico biology
- Published
- 2021
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26. Marine based biomaterial-fish collagen enhances the polarization of human macrophage
- Author
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Jiao Sun and Chao Liu
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Biomaterial ,%22">Fish ,General Medicine ,Polarization (electrochemistry) ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Cell biology - Abstract
Fish collagen have the potential to be used in biomedical fields due to the biocompatible and biodegradable features. However, how hydrolyzed fish collagen regulate human macrophage has not been clearly unraveled. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed fish collagen on the polarization state of human macrophages. The cell viability of human macrophages treated by hydrolyzed fish collagen were determined using CCK-8 assay. The polarization of human macrophages treated by hydrolyzed fish collagen were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). it was found that 0.25,0.5 and 1mg/ml hydrolyzed fish collagen did not alter the cell viability of human macrophages. Further, the data showed that hydrolyzed fish collagen inhibited the expression of M1 macrophage marker IL-ip and TNF-a while enhanced the expression of M2 macrophage marker arginase 1(Arg1) and IL-10. Taken together, the results indicated that treatment with hydrolyzed fish collagen result in a significant shift towards an M2 phenotype for human macrophages.
- Published
- 2021
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27. Activities and Prevalence of Proteobacteria Members Colonizing Echinacea purpurea Fully Account for Macrophage Activation Exhibited by Extracts of This Botanical
- Author
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Colin R. Jackson, Rita M. Moraes, VR Maddox, Mona H. Haron, David S. Pasco, Heather L. Tyler, and Nirmal Pugh
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0301 basic medicine ,030106 microbiology ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Echinacea ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,Microbiology ,Mice ,Echinacea (animal) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Proteobacteria ,Drug Discovery ,Animals ,Medicine ,Potency ,Pharmacology ,Innate immune system ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,Plant Extracts ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Macrophage Activation ,Asteraceae ,biology.organism_classification ,16S ribosomal RNA ,Macrophage (ecology) ,RAW 264.7 Cells ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Molecular Medicine ,Pyrosequencing ,business ,Bacteria - Abstract
Evidence supports the theory that bacterial communities colonizing Echinacea purpurea contribute to the innate immune enhancing activity of this botanical. Previously, we reported that only about half of the variation in in vitro monocyte stimulating activity exhibited by E. purpurea extracts could be accounted for by total bacterial load within the plant material. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that the type of bacteria, in addition to bacterial load, is necessary to fully account for extract activity. Bacterial community composition within commercial and freshly harvested (wild and cultivated) E. purpurea aerial samples was determined using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Bacterial isolates representing 38 different taxa identified to be present within E. purpurea were acquired, and the activity exhibited by the extracts of these isolates varied by over 8000-fold. Members of the Proteobacteria exhibited the highest potency for in vitro macrophage activation and were the most predominant taxa. Furthermore, the mean activity exhibited by the Echinacea extracts could be solely accounted for by the activities and prevalence of Proteobacteria members comprising the plant-associated bacterial community. The efficacy of E. purpurea material for use against respiratory infections may be determined by the Proteobacterial community composition of this plant, since ingestion of bacteria (probiotics) is reported to have a protective effect against this health condition.
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- 2016
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28. Erratum to ’ The immune-enhancing activity of Cervus nippon mantchuricus extract (NGE) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and immunosuppressed mice’ [Food Research International 99 (2017) start 623-629]
- Author
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Yong Cheol Shin, Hyo In Kim, Seong-Gyu Ko, Hye Sook Seo, Chang-Won Ahn, Jin Mo Ku, Se Hyang Hong, and Soo Hyun Park
- Subjects
0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Immune system ,Immunology ,Cervus nippon mantchuricus ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Food research ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Food Science - Published
- 2017
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29. Mo1966 COMMD10 REGULATES ADIPOSE TISSUE MACROPHAGE CONTROL OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE
- Author
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Nathan Gluck, Chen Varol, and Shani Ben-Shlomo
- Subjects
Hepatology ,Energy expenditure ,Chemistry ,Gastroenterology ,Adipose tissue ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Cell biology - Published
- 2020
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30. Advanced Strategies for Modulation of the Material–Macrophage Interface
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Locke Davenport Huyer, Yufeng Wang, Milica Radisic, Serena Mandla, Simon Pascual-Gil, and Bess Yee
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,Materials science ,Interface (computing) ,Host response ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Cell biology ,Biomaterials ,03 medical and health sciences ,Modulation ,Electrochemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,030304 developmental biology - Published
- 2020
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31. Glucose metabolism controls disease-specific signatures of macrophage effector functions
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Jörg J. Goronzy, Barbara B. Wallis, Ryu Watanabe, David G. Harrison, Markus Zeisbrich, John C. Giacomini, Hui Zhang, Cornelia M. Weyand, Gerald J. Berry, and Marc Hilhorst
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,T cell ,Giant Cell Arteritis ,Primary Cell Culture ,Coronary Artery Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Biology ,B7-H1 Antigen ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Downregulation and upregulation ,medicine ,Humans ,CXCL10 ,Cells, Cultured ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Effector ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Macrophages ,Chemotaxis ,Arteries ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Glucose ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Immunology ,Cytokines ,CXCL9 ,Female ,Glycolysis ,Immunologic Memory ,Research Article ,Blood vessel - Abstract
BACKGROUND. In inflammatory blood vessel diseases, macrophages represent a key component of the vascular infiltrates and are responsible for tissue injury and wall remodeling. METHODS. To examine whether inflammatory macrophages in the vessel wall display a single distinctive effector program, we compared functional profiles in patients with either coronary artery disease (CAD) or giant cell arteritis (GCA). RESULTS. Unexpectedly, monocyte-derived macrophages from the 2 patient cohorts displayed disease-specific signatures and differed fundamentally in metabolic fitness. Macrophages from CAD patients were high producers for T cell chemoattractants (CXCL9, CXCL10), the cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, and the immunoinhibitory ligand PD-L1. In contrast, macrophages from GCA patients upregulated production of T cell chemoattractants (CXCL9, CXCL10) but not IL-1β and IL-6, and were distinctly low for PD-L1 expression. Notably, disease-specific effector profiles were already identifiable in circulating monocytes. The chemokinehicytokinehiPD-L1hi signature in CAD macrophages was sustained by excess uptake and breakdown of glucose, placing metabolic control upstream of inflammatory function. CONCLUSIONS. We conclude that monocytes and macrophages contribute to vascular inflammation in a disease-specific and discernible pattern, have choices to commit to different functional trajectories, are dependent on glucose availability in their immediate microenvironment, and possess memory in their lineage commitment. FUNDING. Supported by the NIH (R01 AR042527, R01 HL117913, R01 AI108906, P01 HL129941, R01 AI108891, R01 AG045779 U19 {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AI057266","term_id":"3331132","term_text":"AI057266"}}AI057266, R01 AI129191), I01 {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"BX001669","term_id":"26186629","term_text":"BX001669"}}BX001669, and the Cahill Discovery Fund.
- Published
- 2018
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32. Author response: Context-enriched interactome powered by proteomics helps the identification of novel regulators of macrophage activation
- Author
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Amitabh Sharma, Hiroshi Iwata, Alexander Mojcher, Masanori Aikawa, Ana Luisa Abib, Arda Halu, Sasha A Singh, and Jianguo Wang
- Subjects
Identification (biology) ,Context (language use) ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Proteomics ,Interactome ,Macrophage (ecology) - Published
- 2018
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33. Uncommon hepatic macrophagic foamy-cell nodules in Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei Steindachner, 1864) from the Vizela River (Portugal)
- Author
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Eduardo Rocha, João Carrola, and António Fontaínhas-Fernandes
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Cyprinidae ,Connective tissue ,02 engineering and technology ,Biology ,Lipofuscin ,Lesion ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Rivers ,Iberian barbel ,Water Quality ,medicine ,Animals ,Instrumentation ,Portugal ,Macrophages ,030206 dentistry ,Luciobarbus bocagei ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Liver ,Hemosiderin ,Hepatocytes ,Histopathology ,Anatomy ,medicine.symptom ,0210 nano-technology ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
The main intent of this work (after the by chance finding, in archived histological slides) is to characterize one previously non-described liver lesion of the Iberian barbel from the Vizela River (Portugal). This ran through a textile and dyeing industrial region. The lesion type was made of groups of foamy cells (presumptive macrophages), which appear either as a "smaller non-nodular form," without a connective tissue capsule and displaying an irregular profile, or as a "bigger nodular form," presenting a thin capsule and a circular profile. The nodular forms could appear multi-layered, resembling "cross-sectioned onions". The lesions number, dimension, and structural complexity were greater in bigger fish, appearing only after a history of poor water quality. In extreme cases, the lesions slightly protruded the liver surface. Special histological staining proved the connective tissue nature of the capsule (and its eventual septa), the presence of proteins, glycoproteins, lipofuscin, melanin, iron (putative hemosiderin), and copper, in a variable number of foamy cells within the lesions. At times, degenerating hepatocytes appeared at the border of the lesions. It is proposed that this lesion type incorporates both macrophages and degenerating hepatocytes, looking as one (unpublished) form of a macrophage aggregate. The term "foamy-cell nodules" was advanced for this abnormality. The lesion could have been induced by pollution, because: no parasites were ever associated with the lesion; there was co-existence of the lesion with a water quality status scored as "bad"; such lesion neither existed in fish sampled after mitigation and remediation measures nor in reference fish.
- Published
- 2018
34. Mechanisms of Fish Macrophage Antimicrobial Immunity
- Author
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Amulya Yaparla, Baris Kerimoglu, Miodrag Belosevic, Jiasong Xie, Jordan W. Hodgkinson, and Leon Grayfer
- Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Fish farming ,Immunology ,Macrophage polarization ,Zoology ,Review ,Biology ,Adaptive Immunity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Aquaculture ,Immunity ,nitric oxide ,medicine ,cytokine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,14. Life underwater ,respiratory burst ,Disease Resistance ,teleost ,business.industry ,Macrophages ,Fishes ,Macrophage Activation ,Antimicrobial ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Immunity, Innate ,030104 developmental biology ,Cytokine ,Gene Expression Regulation ,monocyte ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,antimicrobial ,nutrient depravation ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,business ,Biomarkers ,030215 immunology ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Overcrowding conditions and temperatures shifts regularly manifest in large-scale infections of farmed fish, resulting in economic losses for the global aquaculture industries. Increased understanding of the functional mechanisms of fish antimicrobial host defenses is an important step forward in prevention of pathogen-induced morbidity and mortality in aquaculture setting. Like other vertebrates, macrophage-lineage cells are integral to fish immune responses and for this reason, much of the recent fish immunology research has focused on fish macrophage biology. These studies have revealed notable similarities as well as striking differences in the molecular strategies by which fish and higher vertebrates control their respective macrophage polarization and functionality. In this review, we address the current understanding of the biological mechanisms of teleost macrophage functional heterogeneity and immunity, focusing on the key cytokine regulators that control fish macrophage development and their antimicrobial armamentarium.
- Published
- 2018
35. Targeted Proteomics‐Driven Computational Modeling of Macrophage Microbial Sensing Pathways
- Author
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Jessica M. Mann, Nathan P. Manes, Ronald N. Germain, Iain D. C. Fraser, Pauline R. Kaplan, Martin Meier-Schellersheim, and Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Targeted proteomics ,030104 developmental biology ,Chemistry ,Genetics ,Computational biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2018
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36. Probiotics: Microbial Experts in Immunomodulation of Mucosal Macrophage-Driven Responses
- Author
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Andrew D. Foey
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Chemistry ,Immunology ,Macrophage (ecology) - Published
- 2018
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37. PM2.5/Air Quality Monitor Using Arduino
- Author
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Tianhong Pan and Yi Zhu
- Subjects
Solid particle ,business.industry ,Fine particulate ,respiratory system ,complex mixtures ,Macrophage (ecology) ,respiratory tract diseases ,Indoor air quality ,Arduino ,Embedded system ,Environmental science ,business ,Air quality index ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Dust, known as “airborne particles”, refers to solid particles that are suspended in air (diameter ≤ 100 μm). Among them, dust with diameter < 2.5 μm, known as “fine particulate matter”, is referred to as PM2.5. After being inhaled by the human body, PM2.5 can directly enter the blood through the bronchi and alveoli, which are phagocytized by macrophage. Their long-term stay in the alveoli exerts a negative impact on the human cardiovascular, nervous system, and other organs, posing a threat to people’s health. Consequently, indoor air quality has become a great concern.
- Published
- 2017
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38. Social Status Impacts Macrophage Function of Pigs
- Author
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Shott Jp
- Subjects
Immunology ,Biology ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Function (biology) ,Social status - Published
- 2017
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39. Yeast capsules for targeted delivery: the future of nanotherapy?
- Author
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Xiankang Hu and Jianxiang Zhang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Biomedical Engineering ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Administration, Oral ,Bioengineering ,Capsules ,02 engineering and technology ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Development ,Pharmacology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,General Materials Science ,business.industry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Yeast ,Macrophage (ecology) ,030104 developmental biology ,Nanomedicine ,Nanoparticles ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Published
- 2017
40. Corrigendum: CXCR2 deficient mice display macrophage-dependent exaggerated acute inflammatory responses
- Author
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Gerard J. Graham, Douglas P. Dyer, Kenneth Pallas, Laura Medina-Ruiz, Gillian J. Wilson, and Fabian Schuette
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Multidisciplinary ,Immunology ,Deficient mouse ,CXC chemokine receptors ,Biology ,Typographical error ,Corrigenda ,Spelling ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Article - Abstract
CXCR2 is an essential regulator of neutrophil recruitment to inflamed and damaged sites and plays prominent roles in inflammatory pathologies and cancer. It has therefore been highlighted as an important therapeutic target. However the success of the therapeutic targeting of CXCR2 is threatened by our relative lack of knowledge of its precise in vivo mode of action. Here we demonstrate that CXCR2-deficient mice display a counterintuitive transient exaggerated inflammatory response to cutaneous and peritoneal inflammatory stimuli. In both situations, this is associated with reduced expression of cytokines associated with the resolution of the inflammatory response and an increase in macrophage accumulation at inflamed sites. Analysis using neutrophil depletion strategies indicates that this is a consequence of impaired recruitment of a non-neutrophilic CXCR2 positive leukocyte population. We suggest that these cells may be myeloid derived suppressor cells. Our data therefore reveal novel and previously unanticipated roles for CXCR2 in the orchestration of the inflammatory response.
- Published
- 2017
41. Chemical Property and Macrophage Stimulating Activity of Polysaccharides isolated from Brown Rice and Persimmon Vinegars
- Author
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Kwang-Soon Shin and Dong Su Kim
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,chemistry ,Botany ,Brown rice ,Food science ,Polysaccharide ,Chemical property ,Macrophage (ecology) - Published
- 2014
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42. A macrophage revolution-and beyond
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Gwendalyn J. Randolph
- Subjects
Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy ,Biology ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Introductory Journal Article - Published
- 2014
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43. Mouse Subcutaneous Tissue Reaction to Calcium Hydroxide-based Root Canal Filling Material
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Saeka Matsuda, Masahito Shoumura, Toshiyuki Kawakami, Hidetsugu Tsujigiwa, Naoto Osuga, and Keisuke Nakano
- Subjects
Calcium hydroxide ,Chemistry ,Root canal ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Cell Biology ,Anatomy ,Biochemistry ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,General Dentistry ,Subcutaneous tissue - Published
- 2014
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44. Second Harmonic Nanoparticles: Bismuth Ferrite Second Harmonic Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Macrophage Tracking (Small 4/2019)
- Author
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Fernanda Ramos-Gomes, Wiebke Möbius, Luigi Bonacina, Marietta Andrea Markus, and Frauke Alves
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Second-harmonic generation ,Nanoparticle ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Tracking (particle physics) ,01 natural sciences ,Macrophage (ecology) ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Harmonic ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biotechnology ,Bismuth ferrite - Published
- 2019
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45. Macrophages: plastic solutions to environmental heterogeneity
- Author
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Selma Giorgio
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Phenotypic plasticity ,Web of science ,Ecology ,Macrophages ,Immunology ,Pharmacology toxicology ,Context (language use) ,Macrophage Activation ,Working hypothesis ,Biology ,Models, Biological ,Phenotype ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Cellular Microenvironment ,Evolutionary biology ,Cell Transdifferentiation ,Ecological principles ,Animals ,Humans - Abstract
Macrophages are among the oldest cell types in the animal kingdom, and they have a long evolutionary history and experience various evolutionary pressures. It was clear from the earliest studies that variations exist in macrophage populations. Macrophages are known to adapt to their microenvironment. Although the paradigm for macrophage plasticity is their flexible program driven by environmental signals, the most common working hypothesis is that of a dichotomy between two major macrophage phenotypes, M1 and M2. A PubMed and Web of Science databases search was performed providing evidences that numerous authors have expanded the concept of plasticity and conducted experimental studies focusing on the complex program of phenotypes. This review evaluated a number of issues relating to macrophage plasticity, environmental heterogeneity and the potential for changes to be reversal or non reversal in an ecological context. The ecological principles of phenotypic plasticity which can assist in evaluating and interpreting macrophage experimental data are discussed as well.
- Published
- 2013
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46. Effects of Polysaccharides from Different Species of Dendrobium (Shihu) on Macrophage Function
- Author
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Shao-Ping Li, De-Jun Hu, Jing Zhao, Guang-Ping Lv, Lan-Zhen Meng, Kit-Leong Cheong, and Jing Xie
- Subjects
Pharmaceutical Science ,Biology ,Polysaccharide ,Article ,Cell Line ,Analytical Chemistry ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,Dendrobium ,Mice ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Phagocytosis ,RAW 264.7 macrophages ,Functional food ,Polysaccharides ,Drug Discovery ,Botany ,Animals ,Immunologic Factors ,Monosaccharide ,Food science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Medicinal plants ,polysaccharides ,immune function ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Macrophages ,Organic Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Macrophage (ecology) ,chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Cytokines ,Molecular Medicine ,Function (biology) - Abstract
Dendrobium spp. are precious medicinal plants, used in China for thousands of years as health foods and nutrients. Polysaccharides are the main effective ingredients in Dendrobium plants. In this study, the chemical characteristics and the effects of crude polysaccharides (CPs) from five species of Dendrobium on macrophage function were investigated and compared in vitro for the first time. Chemical characteristic studies showed that CPs from different species of Dendrobium were diverse, displaying widely varied Mw distributions and molar ratios of monosaccharides. Their effects on macrophage functions, such as promoting phagocytosis, release of NO and cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, were also different. Moreover, CPs from D. officinale, especially collected from Yunnan Province, exerted the strongest immunomodulatory activities and could be explored as a novel potential functional food. The diverse chemical characteristics of CPs from different species of Dendrobium might contribute to their varied effects on macrophage functions, which should be further investigated.
- Published
- 2013
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47. Mechanisms of Macrophage Migration in 3-Dimensional Environments
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Céline Cougoule and Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
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Chemistry ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Cell biology - Published
- 2016
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48. An automated quantitative image analysis pipeline of in vivo oxidative stress and macrophage kinetics
- Author
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Andre D. Paredes, David Benavidez, Michael Donoghue, Steve Mangos, Jun Cheng, and Amelia Bartholomew
- Subjects
Computer science ,business.industry ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pipeline (software) ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Image (mathematics) ,Visualization ,Cellular kinetics ,Software ,In vivo ,medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,business ,Biological system ,Oxidative stress ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Macrophage behavior is of great interest in response to tissue injury and promotion of regeneration. With increasing numbers of zebrafish reporter-based assays, new capabilities now exist to characterize macrophage migration, and their responses to biochemical cues, such as reactive oxygen species. Real time detection of macrophage behavior in response to oxidative stress using quantitative measures is currently beyond the scope of commercially available software solutions, presenting a gap in understanding macrophage behavior. To address this gap, we developed an image analysis pipeline solution to provide real time quantitative measures of cellular kinetics and reactive oxygen species content in vivo after tissue injury. This approach, termed Zirmi, differs from current software solutions that may only provide qualitative, single image analysis, or cell tracking solutions. Zirmi is equipped with user-defined algorithm parameters to customize quantitative data measures with visualization checks for an analysis pipeline of time-based changes. Moreover, this pipeline leverages open-source PhagoSight, as an automated keyhole cell tracking solution, to avoid parallel developments and build upon readily available tools. This approach demonstrated standardized space- and time-based quantitative measures of (1) fluorescent probe based oxidative stress and (2) macrophage recruitment kinetic based changes after tissue injury. Zirmi image analysis pipeline performed at execution speeds up to 10-times faster than manual image-based approaches. Automated segmentation methods were comparable to manual methods with a DICE Similarity coefficient > 0.70. Zirmi provides an open-source, quantitative, and non-generic image analysis pipeline. This strategy complements current wide-spread zebrafish strategies, for automated standardizations of analysis and data measures.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Live-Imaging and Genetic Approaches to Study Resident Macrophage Progenitors
- Author
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Laina Freyer, Elisa Gomez-Perdiguero, Lorea Iturri, and Yvan Lallemand
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Live cell imaging ,Genetics ,Cell Biology ,Hematology ,Biology ,Progenitor cell ,Molecular Biology ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Cell biology - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A294 ROLE OF MACROPHAGE IN GUT MICROBIOTA-BRAIN SIGNALING
- Author
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Marc Pigrau, Stephen M. Collins, Jun Lu, P Bercik, G De Palma, and S Cocciolillo
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Poster Presentations ,Biology ,Gut flora ,biology.organism_classification ,Macrophage (ecology) ,Cell biology - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota shapes host’s immune system, which plays an important role in host’s behavior and brain development. Peripheral macrophages have been implicated in sickness-like behavior induced by endotoxin and recent studies have highlighted the existence of a novel axis between the immune system and the brain involving monocytes trafficking to the brain, regulating mood and behaviour. However, the role of macrophages in microbiota-gut-brain signaling has not yet been investigated. AIMS: To investigate the role of macrophages in altered behaviour in a murine model of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. METHODS: Specific pathogen–free (SPF) BALB/c mice (6–8 weeks old) received i.p. injection of clodronate encapsulated liposomes to deplete macrophages or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Two days later the mice received a mixture of non-absorbable antimicrobials (ATM) in drinking water or placebo for 7 days. Behavioural profiles (the light preference and the step-down test) were assessed, and the mice were sacrificed thereafter. F4/80 positive cells were evaluated in colonic tissues and gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing with Illumina technique. Statistical analyses were performed using un-paired t test (Mann-Whitney U test) or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn post-test as appropriate. RESULTS: ATM administration induced anxiolytic behavior and increased exploratory behavior during the light preference test in all mice regardless of clodronate liposomes injections. Interestingly, only antibiotic treated mice that did not receive clodronate’s injections showed a reduced latency to step down in comparison to age matched controls. As expected, clodronate liposomes’s injections induced a depletion significantly the number of F4/80 positive cells in colonic lamina propria. Antibiotic treatment alone did not alter the number of F4/80 positive cells in colonic lamina propria. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data suggest that macrophages might be involved in the modulation of mouse behaviour induced by intestinal dysbiosis and that antibiotic treatment alone did not alter the number of macrophages in colonic lamina propria. Further studies are needed to understand the exact role of macrophages in microbiota-gut-brain signaling. FUNDING AGENCIES: CIHR
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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