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1. Additional blood meals increase sporozoite infection in Anopheles mosquitoes but not Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity

Author

Lorenz M. Hofer, Prisca A. Kweyamba, Rajabu M. Sayi, Mohamed S. Chabo, Rehema Mwanga, Sonali L. Maitra, Mariam M. Somboka, Annina Schnoz, Monica Golumbeanu, Pierre H. H. Schneeberger, Amanda Ross, Tibebu Habtewold, Christian Nsanzabana, Sarah J. Moore, and Mgeni M. Tambwe

Subjects
Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Anopheles gambiae, Parasite development, Oocysts, Sporozoites, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The availability of nutrients from mosquito blood meals accelerates the development of Plasmodium falciparum laboratory strains in artificially infected Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. The impact of multiple blood meals on the number of P. falciparum genotypes developing from polyclonal natural human malaria infections (field-isolates) remains unexplored. Here, we experimentally infect An. gambiae with P. falciparum field-isolates and measure the impact of an additional non-infectious blood meal on parasite development. We also assess parasite genetic diversity at the blood stage level of the parasite in the human host and of the sporozoites in the mosquito. Additional blood meals increase the sporozoite infection prevalence and intensity, but do not substantially affect the genetic diversity of sporozoites in the mosquito. The most abundant parasite genotypes in the human blood were transmitted to mosquitoes, suggesting that there was no preferential selection of specific genotypes. This study underlines the importance of additional mosquito blood meals for the development of parasite field-isolates in the mosquito host.

Published
2024
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2. Screening of malaria infections in human blood samples with varying parasite densities and anaemic conditions using AI-Powered mid-infrared spectroscopy

Author

Issa H. Mshani, Frank M. Jackson, Rehema Y. Mwanga, Prisca A. Kweyamba, Emmanuel P. Mwanga, Mgeni M. Tambwe, Lorenz M. Hofer, Doreen J. Siria, Mario González-Jiménez, Klaas Wynne, Sarah J. Moore, Fredros Okumu, Simon A. Babayan, and Francesco Baldini

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Effective testing for malaria, including the detection of infections at very low densities, is vital for the successful elimination of the disease. Unfortunately, existing methods are either inexpensive but poorly sensitive or sensitive but costly. Recent studies have shown that mid-infrared spectroscopy coupled with machine learning (MIRs-ML) has potential for rapidly detecting malaria infections but requires further evaluation on diverse samples representative of natural infections in endemic areas. The aim of this study was, therefore, to demonstrate a simple AI-powered, reagent-free, and user-friendly approach that uses mid-infrared spectra from dried blood spots to accurately detect malaria infections across varying parasite densities and anaemic conditions. Methods Plasmodium falciparum strains NF54 and FCR3 were cultured and mixed with blood from 70 malaria-free individuals to create various malaria parasitaemia and anaemic conditions. Blood dilutions produced three haematocrit ratios (50%, 25%, 12.5%) and five parasitaemia levels (6%, 0.1%, 0.002%, 0.00003%, 0%). Dried blood spots were prepared on Whatman™ filter papers and scanned using attenuated total reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) for machine-learning analysis. Three classifiers were trained on an 80%/20% split of 4655 spectra: (I) high contrast (6% parasitaemia vs. negative), (II) low contrast (0.00003% vs. negative) and (III) all concentrations (all positive levels vs. negative). The classifiers were validated with unseen datasets to detect malaria at various parasitaemia levels and anaemic conditions. Additionally, these classifiers were tested on samples from a population survey in malaria-endemic villages of southeastern Tanzania. Results The AI classifiers attained over 90% accuracy in detecting malaria infections as low as one parasite per microlitre of blood, a sensitivity unattainable by conventional RDTs and microscopy. These laboratory-developed classifiers seamlessly transitioned to field applicability, achieving over 80% accuracy in predicting natural P. falciparum infections in blood samples collected during the field survey. Crucially, the performance remained unaffected by various levels of anaemia, a common complication in malaria patients. Conclusion These findings suggest that the AI-driven mid-infrared spectroscopy approach holds promise as a simplified, sensitive and cost-effective method for malaria screening, consistently performing well despite variations in parasite densities and anaemic conditions. The technique simply involves scanning dried blood spots with a desktop mid-infrared scanner and analysing the spectra using pre-trained AI classifiers, making it readily adaptable to field conditions in low-resource settings. In this study, the approach was successfully adapted to field use, effectively predicting natural malaria infections in blood samples from a population-level survey in Tanzania. With additional field trials and validation, this technique could significantly enhance malaria surveillance and contribute to accelerating malaria elimination efforts.

Published
2024
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3. Evaluating human landing catches as a measure of mosquito biting and the importance of considering additional modes of action

Author

Emma L Fairbanks, Mgeni M. Tambwe, Jason Moore, Ahmed Mpelepele, Neil F. Lobo, Rajabu Mashauri, Nakul Chitnis, and Sarah J. Moore

Subjects
Malaria, Anopheles, Volatile pyrethroid, Spatial repellent, Vector control, Entomological trials, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Entomological evaluations of vector control tools often use human landing catches (HLCs) as a standard measure of a direct human-vector contact. However, some tools have additional characteristics, such as mortality, and HLCS are not sensitive for measuring other effects beyond landing inhibition. Therefore, additional measures may need to be considered when evaluating these tools for public health use. This study has two main aims (1) the evaluate the accuracy of HLCs as a proxy for feeding and (2) to compare the predicted reduction in vectorial capacity when we do and do not consider these additional characteristics. To achieve this, we analyse previously published semi-field data from an experiment which used HLCs and another where mosquitoes were allowed to feed in the presence of different dosages of the volatile pyrethroid spatial repellent, transfluthrin. We compare results for two mathematical models: one which only considers the reduction in feeding effect and one which also considers mortality before and after feeding (using data gathered by the aspiration of mosquitoes after the semi-field feeding/landing period and 24 h survival monitoring). These Bayesian hierarchical models are parameterised using Bayesian inference. We observe that, for susceptible mosquitoes, reduction in landing is underestimated by HLCs. For knockdown resistant mosquitoes the relationship is less clear; with HLCs sometimes appearing to overestimate this characteristic. We find HLCs tend to under-predict the relative reduction in vectorial capacity in susceptible mosquitoes while over-predicting this impact in knockdown-resistant mosquitoes. Models without secondary effects have lower predicted relative reductions in vectorial capacities. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering additional characteristics to reduction in biting of volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents. We recommend that these are considered when evaluating novel vector control tools.

Published
2024
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4. Temperature, mosquito feeding status and mosquito density influence the measured bio-efficacy of insecticide-treated nets in cone assays

Author

Jilly Jackson Mseti, Masudi Suleiman Maasayi, Aidi Galus Lugenge, Ahmadi B. Mpelepele, Ummi Abdul Kibondo, Frank Chelestino Tenywa, Olukayode G. Odufuwa, Mgeni Mohamed Tambwe, and Sarah Jane Moore

Subjects
Cone bioassay, ITNs, PBO, Bioefficacy, Anopheles funestus, Temperature, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background The WHO cone bioassay is routinely used to evaluate the bioefficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) for product pre-qualification and confirmation of continued ITN performance during operational monitoring. Despite its standardized nature, variability is often observed between tests. We investigated the influence of temperature in the testing environment, mosquito feeding status and mosquito density on cone bioassay results. Methods Cone bioassays were conducted on MAGNet (alphacypermethrin) and Veeralin (alphacypermethrin and piperonyl butoxide (PBO)) ITNs, using laboratory-reared pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus sensu stricto (FUMOZ strain) mosquitoes. Three experiments were conducted using standard cone bioassays following WHO-recommended test parameters, with one variable changed in each bioassay: (i) environmental temperature during exposure: 22–23 °C, 26–27 °C, 29–30 °C and 32–33 °C; (ii) feeding regimen before exposure: sugar starved for 6 h, blood-fed or sugar-fed; and (iii) mosquito density per cone: 5, 10, 15 and 20 mosquitoes. For each test, 15 net samples per treatment arm were tested with four cones per sample (N = 60). Mortality after 24, 48 and 72 h post-exposure to ITNs was recorded. Results There was a notable influence of temperature, feeding status and mosquito density on An. funestus mortality for both types of ITNs. Mortality at 24 h post-exposure was significantly higher at 32–33 °C than at 26–27 °C for both the MAGNet [19.33% vs 7%; odds ratio (OR): 3.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99–7.87, P

Published
2024
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5. Sub-lethal exposure to chlorfenapyr reduces the probability of developing Plasmodium falciparum parasites in surviving Anopheles mosquitoes

Author

Prisca A. Kweyamba, Lorenz M. Hofer, Ummi A. Kibondo, Rehema Y. Mwanga, Rajabu M. Sayi, Fatuma Matwewe, James W. Austin, Susanne Stutz, Sarah J. Moore, Pie Müller, and Mgeni M. Tambwe

Subjects
Chlorfenapyr, Oocysts, Sporozoites, Prevalence, Intensity, Malaria transmission, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Pyrethroid resistance in the key malaria vectors threatens the success of pyrethroid-treated nets. To overcome pyrethroid resistance, Interceptor® G2 (IG2), a ‘first-in-class’ dual insecticidal net that combines alpha-cypermethrin with chlorfenapyr, was developed. Chlorfenapyr is a pro-insecticide, requiring bio-activation by oxidative metabolism within the insect’s mitochondria, constituting a mode of action preventing cross-resistance to pyrethroids. Recent epidemiological trials conducted in Benin and Tanzania confirm IG2’s public health value in areas with pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles mosquitoes. As chlorfenapyr might also interfere with the metabolic mechanism of the Plasmodium parasite, we hypothesised that chlorfenapyr may provide additional transmission-reducing effects even if a mosquito survives a sub-lethal dose. Methods We tested the effect of chlorfenapyr netting to reduce Plasmodium falciparum transmission using a modified WHO tunnel test with a dose yielding sub-lethal effects. Pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. with L1014F and L1014S knockdown resistance alleles and expression levels of pyrethroid metabolisers CYP6P3, CYP6M2, CYP4G16 and CYP6P1 confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) prior to conducting experiments were exposed to untreated netting and netting treated with 200 mg/m3 chlorfenapyr for 8 h overnight and then fed on gametocytemic blood meals from naturally infected individuals. Prevalence and intensity of oocysts and sporozoites were determined on day 8 and day 16 after feeding. Results Both prevalence and intensity of P. falciparum infection in the surviving mosquitoes were substantially reduced in the chlorfenapyr-exposed mosquitoes compared to untreated nets. The odds ratios in the prevalence of oocysts and sporozoites were 0.33 (95% confidence interval; 95% CI 0.23–0.46) and 0.43 (95% CI 0.25–0.73), respectively, while only the incidence rate ratio for oocysts was 0.30 (95% CI 0.22–0.41). Conclusion We demonstrated that sub-lethal exposure of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes to chlorfenapyr substantially reduces the proportion of infected mosquitoes and the intensity of the P. falciparum infection. This will likely also contribute to the reduction of malaria in communities beyond the direct killing of mosquitoes. Graphical Abstract

Published
2023
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6. A chromosomal reference genome sequence for the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, Giles, 1902, Ifakara strain [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Author

Ying Sims, Shane A. McCarthy, Damon-Lee B. Pointon, Jonathan MD Wood, James W. Torrance, Harriet Johnson, Ksenia Krasheninnikova, Haynes Heaton, Joanna Collins, Alan Tracey, Mara Lawniczak, Marcela Uliano Da Silva, Katharina von Wyschetzki, Alex Makunin, Daniel E. Neafsey, Mara K.N. Lawniczak, Tibebu Habtewold, Mgeni Mohamed Tambwe, Martin Wagah, Nikolai Windbichler, Sarah Moore, Sarah E. Pelan, and George Christophides

Subjects
Anopheles gambiae, African malaria mosquito, genome sequence, chromosomal, eng, Medicine, Science
Abstract

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Anopheles gambiae (the malaria mosquito; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Culicidae), Ifakara strain. The genome sequence is 264 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into three chromosomal pseudomolecules with the X sex chromosome assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.4 kilobases in length.

Published
2024
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7. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests reliably detect asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in school-aged children that are infectious to mosquitoes

Author

Lorenz M. Hofer, Prisca A. Kweyamba, Rajabu M. Sayi, Mohamed S. Chabo, Sonali L. Maitra, Sarah J. Moore, and Mgeni M. Tambwe

Subjects
Malaria diagnostics, Plasmodium falciparum, Asymptomatic malaria, Malaria transmission, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, Gametocytes, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Asymptomatic malaria infections (Plasmodium falciparum) are common in school-aged children and represent a disease transmission reservoir as they are potentially infectious to mosquitoes. To detect and treat such infections, convenient, rapid and reliable diagnostic tools are needed. In this study, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDT), light microscopy (LM) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to evaluate their performance detecting asymptomatic malaria infections that are infectious to mosquitoes. Methods One hundred seventy asymptomatic school-aged children (6–14 years old) from the Bagamoyo district in Tanzania were screened for Plasmodium spp. infections using mRDT (SD BIOLINE), LM and qPCR. In addition, gametocytes were detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for all qPCR-positive children. Venous blood from all P. falciparum positive children was fed to female Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto mosquitoes via direct membrane feeding assays (DMFAs) after serum replacement. Mosquitoes were dissected for oocyst infections on day 8 post-infection. Results The P. falciparum prevalence in study participants was 31.7% by qPCR, 18.2% by mRDT and 9.4% by LM. Approximately one-third (31.2%) of asymptomatic malaria infections were infectious to mosquitoes in DMFAs. In total, 297 infected mosquitoes were recorded after dissections, from which 94.9% (282/297) were derived from infections detected by mRDT and 5.1% (15/297) from subpatent mRDT infections. Conclusion The mRDT can be used reliably to detect children carrying gametocyte densities sufficient to infect high numbers of mosquitoes. Subpatent mRDT infections contributed marginally to the pool of oocyts-infected mosquitoes. Graphical Abstract

Published
2023
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8. The MTego trap: a potential tool for monitoring malaria and arbovirus vectors

Author

Masudi Suleiman Maasayi, Jane Johnson Machange, Dismas S. Kamande, Ummi Abdul Kibondo, Olukayode G. Odufuwa, Sarah Jane Moore, and Mgeni Mohamed Tambwe

Subjects
MTego, BG-Pro trap, Human landing catch, Trap, Odour-baited trap, Mosquito, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Odour-baited traps are useful for vector surveillance and control. However, most existing traps have shown inconsistent recapture rates across different mosquito species, necessitating the need for more effective and efficient traps. The MTego trap with integrated thermal stimuli has been developed as an alternative trap. This study was undertaken to determine and compare the efficacy of the MTego trap to that of the Biogents (BG) modular BG-Pro (BGP) trap for sampling different mosquito species in a semi-field system. Methods Fully balanced Latin square design experiments (no-choice and dual choice) were conducted in semi-field chambers using laboratory-reared female Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, Anopheles funestus, Anopheles arabiensis, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. There were 16 replicates, and 50 mosquitoes of each species were released in each chamber per replicate. The evaluated traps were as follows: the MTego trap baited with PM6 (MT-PM6), the MTego trap baited with BG-Lure (BGL) (MT-BGL), and the BGP trap baited with BG-Lure (BGP-BGL). Results In the no-choice test, the MT-BGL and BGP-BGL traps captured a similar proportion of An. gambiae (31% vs 29%, P-value = 0.519) and An. funestus (32% vs 33%, P = 0.520). The MT-PM6 and BGP-BGL traps showed no significant difference in capturing Ae. aegypti (33% vs 31%, P = 0.324). However, the BGP-BGL caught more An. arabiensis and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes than the other traps (P

Published
2023
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9. Human landing catches provide a useful measure of protective efficacy for the evaluation of volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents

Author

Mgeni Mohamed Tambwe, Ummi Abdul Kibondo, Olukayode Ganiu Odufuwa, Jason Moore, Ahmed Mpelepele, Rajabu Mashauri, Adam Saddler, and Sarah Jane Moore

Subjects
Ambient chamber, Semi-field system, Transfluthrin, Volatile pyrethroid, Passive emanator, Aedes aegypti, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background The human landing catch (HLC) method, in which human volunteers collect mosquitoes that land on them before they can bite, is used to quantify human exposure to mosquito vectors of disease. Comparing HLCs in the presence and absence of interventions such as repellents is often used to measure protective efficacy (PE). Some repellents have multiple actions, including feeding inhibition, whereby mosquitoes may be unable to bite even if they land on a host. A comparison was made between the PE of the volatile pyrethroid spatial repellent (VPSR) transfluthrin determined using a landing method (HLC) and a biting method (allowing the mosquitoes that landed to blood-feed) to evaluate whether HLC is a suitable method for the estimation of the personal PE of a VPSR. Methods A fully balanced, two-arm crossover design study was conducted using a 6 × 6 × 2-m netted cage within a semi-field system. Hessian strips (4 m × 0.1 m) treated with a 5-, 10-, 15-, or 20-g dose of transfluthrin were evaluated against a paired negative control for three strains of laboratory-reared Anopheles and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Six replicates were performed per dose using either the landing or the biting method. The number of recaptured mosquitoes was analysed by negative binomial regression, and the PEs calculated using the two methods were compared by Bland–Altman plots. Results For Anopheles, fewer mosquitoes blood-fed in the biting arm than landed in the landing arm (incidence rate ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.81–0.93, P

Published
2023
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10. A chromosomal reference genome sequence for the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, Giles, 1902, Ifakara strain [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

Author

Ying Sims, Shane A. McCarthy, Damon-Lee B. Pointon, Jonathan MD Wood, James W. Torrance, Harriet Johnson, Ksenia Krasheninnikova, Haynes Heaton, Joanna Collins, Alan Tracey, Marcela Uliano Da Silva, Katharina von Wyschetzki, Alex Makunin, Daniel E. Neafsey, Mara Lawniczak, Tibebu Habtewold, Mgeni Mohamed Tambwe, Martin Wagah, Nikolai Windbichler, Sarah Moore, Sarah E. Pelan, and George Christophides

Subjects
Anopheles gambiae, African malaria mosquito, genome sequence, chromosomal, eng, Medicine, Science
Abstract

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Anopheles gambiae (the malaria mosquito; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Culicidae), Ifakara strain. The genome sequence is 264 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into three chromosomal pseudomolecules with the X sex chromosome assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.4 kilobases in length.

Published
2023
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11. Transfluthrin eave-positioned targeted insecticide (EPTI) reduces human landing rate (HLR) of pyrethroid resistant and susceptible malaria vectors in a semi-field simulated peridomestic space

Author

Mgeni M. Tambwe, Sarah Moore, Lorenz Hofer, Ummi A. Kibondo, and Adam Saddler

Subjects
Volatile pyrethroid, Transfluthrin, Pyrethroid resistance, Eave-positioned targeted insecticide, EPTI, Anopheles gambiae, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Volatile pyrethroids (VPs) are proven to reduce human–vector contact for mosquito vectors. With increasing resistance to pyrethroids in mosquitoes, the efficacy of VPs, such as transfluthrin, may be compromised. Therefore, experiments were conducted to determine if the efficacy of transfluthrin eave-positioned targeted insecticide (EPTI) depends on the resistance status of malaria vectors. Methods Ribbons treated with 5.25 g transfluthrin or untreated controls were used around the eaves of an experimental hut as EPTI inside a semi-field system. Mosquito strains with different levels of pyrethroid resistance were released simultaneously, recaptured by means of human landing catches (HLCs) and monitored for 24-h mortality. Technical-grade (TG) transfluthrin was used, followed by emulsifiable concentrate (EC) transfluthrin and additional mosquito strains. Generalized linear mixed models with binomial distribution were used to determine the impact of transfluthrin and mosquito strain on mosquito landing rates and 24-h mortality. Results EPTI treated with 5.25 g of either TG or EC transfluthrin significantly reduced HLR of all susceptible and resistant Anopheles mosquitoes (Odds Ratio (OR) ranging from 0.14 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.11–0.17], P

Published
2021
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12. Semi-field evaluation of the exposure-free mosquito electrocuting trap and BG-Sentinel trap as an alternative to the human landing catch for measuring the efficacy of transfluthrin emanators against Aedes aegypti

Author

Mgeni M. Tambwe, Adam Saddler, Ummi Abdul Kibondo, Rajabu Mashauri, Katharina S. Kreppel, Nicodem J. Govella, and Sarah J. Moore

Subjects
Mosquito electrocuting trap, Human landing catch, BG-Sentinel, Spatial repellent, Ae. aegypti, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background The human landing catch (HLC) measures human exposure to mosquito bites and evaluates the efficacy of vector control tools. However, it may expose volunteers to potentially infected mosquitoes. The mosquito electrocuting trap (MET) and BG-Sentinel traps (BGS) represent alternative, exposure-free methods for sampling host-seeking mosquitoes. This study investigates whether these methods can be effectively used as alternatives to HLC for measuring the efficacy of transfluthrin emanator against Aedes aegypti. Methods The protective efficacy (PE) of freestanding passive transfluthrin emanators (FTPEs), measured by HLC, MET and BGS, was compared in no-choice and choice tests. The collection methods were conducted 2 m from an experimental hut with FTPEs positioned at 3 m on either side of them. For the choice experiment, a competitor HLC was included 10 m from the first collection point. One hundred laboratory-reared Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were released and collected for 3 consecutive h. Results In the no-choice test, each method measured similar PE: HLC: 66% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50–82), MET: 55% (95% CI: 48–63) and BGS: 64% (95% CI: 54–73). The proportion of mosquitoes recaptured was consistent between methods (20–24%) in treatment and varied (47–71%) in the control. However, in choice tests, the PE measured by each method varied: HLC: 37% (95% CI: 25–50%), MET: 76% (95% CI: 61–92) and BGS trap: 0% (95% CI: 0–100). Recaptured mosquitoes were no longer consistent between methods in treatment (2–26%) and remained variable in the control (7–42%). FTPE provided 50% PE to the second HLC 10 m away. In the control, the MET and the BGS were less efficacious in collecting mosquitoes in the presence of a second HLC. Conclusions Measuring the PE in isolation was fairly consistent for HLC, MET and BGS. Because HLC is not advisable, it is reasonable to use either MET or BGS as a proxy for HLC for testing volatile pyrethroid (VP) in areas of active arbovirus-endemic areas. The presence of a human host in close proximity invalidated the PE estimates from BGS and METs. Findings also indicated that transfluthrin can protect multiple people in the peridomestic area and that at short range mosquitoes select humans over the BGS.

Published
2021
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13. Single blinded semi-field evaluation of MAÏA® topical repellent ointment compared to unformulated 20% DEET against Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis and Aedes aegypti in Tanzania

Author

Emmanuel Mbuba, Olukayode G. Odufuwa, Frank C. Tenywa, Rose Philipo, Mgeni M. Tambwe, Johnson K. Swai, Jason D. Moore, and Sarah J. Moore

Subjects
Malaria, Mosquito, Topical repellent, Ointment, Protective efficacy, Complete protection time, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) topical mosquito repellents are effective personal protection tools. However, DEET-based repellents tend to have low consumer acceptability because they are cosmetically unappealing. More attractive formulations are needed to encourage regular user compliance. This study evaluated the protective efficacy and protection duration of a new topical repellent ointment containing 15% DEET, MAÏA® compared to 20% DEET in ethanol using malaria and dengue mosquito vectors in Bagamoyo Tanzania. Methods Fully balanced 3 × 3 Latin square design studies were conducted in large semi-field chambers using laboratory strains of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, Anopheles arabiensis and Aedes aegypti. Human volunteers applied either MAÏA® ointment, 20% DEET or ethanol to their lower limbs 6 h before the start of tests. Approximately 100 mosquitoes per strain per replicate were released inside each chamber, with 25 mosquitoes released at regular intervals during the collection period to maintain adequate biting pressure throughout the test. Volunteers recaptured mosquitoes landing on their lower limbs for 6 h over a period of 6 to 12-h post-application of repellents. Data analysis was conducted using mixed-effects logistic regression. Results The protective efficacy of MAÏA® and 20% DEET was not statistically different for each of the mosquito strains: 95.9% vs. 97.4% against An. gambiae (OR = 1.53 [95% CI 0.93–2.51] p = 0.091); 96.8% vs 97.2% against An. arabiensis (OR = 1.08 [95% CI 0.66–1.77] p = 0.757); 93.1% vs 94.6% against Ae. aegypti (OR = 0.76 [95% CI 0.20–2.80] p = 0.675). Average complete protection time (CPT) in minutes of MAÏA® and that of DEET was similar for each of the mosquito strains: 571.6 min (95% CI 558.3–584.8) vs 575.0 min (95% CI 562.1–587.9) against An. gambiae; 585.6 min (95% CI 571.4–599.8) vs 580.9 min (95% CI 571.1–590.7) against An. arabiensis; 444.1 min (95% CI 401.8–486.5) vs 436.9 min (95% CI 405.2–468.5) against Ae. aegypti. Conclusions MAÏA® repellent ointment provides complete protection for 9 h against both An. gambiae and An. arabiensis, and 7 h against Ae. aegypti similar to 20% DEET (in ethanol). MAÏA® repellent ointment can be recommended as a tool for prevention against outdoor biting mosquitoes in tropical locations where the majority of the people spend an ample time outdoor before going to bed.

Published
2021
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14. Predicting the impact of outdoor vector control interventions on malaria transmission intensity from semi-field studies

Author

Adrian Denz, Margaret M. Njoroge, Mgeni M. Tambwe, Clara Champagne, Fredros Okumu, Joop J. A. van Loon, Alexandra Hiscox, Adam Saddler, Ulrike Fillinger, Sarah J. Moore, and Nakul Chitnis

Subjects
Malaria, Anopheles arabiensis, Vector control, Outdoor transmission, Spatial repellent, Volatile pyrethroids, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Semi-field experiments with human landing catch (HLC) measure as the outcome are an important step in the development of novel vector control interventions against outdoor transmission of malaria since they provide good estimates of personal protection. However, it is often infeasible to determine whether the reduction in HLC counts is due to mosquito mortality or repellency, especially considering that spatial repellents based on volatile pyrethroids might induce both. Due to the vastly different impact of repellency and mortality on transmission, the community-level impact of spatial repellents can not be estimated from such semi-field experiments. Methods We present a new stochastic model that is able to estimate for any product inhibiting outdoor biting, its repelling effect versus its killing and disarming (preventing host-seeking until the next night) effects, based only on time-stratified HLC data from controlled semi-field experiments. For parameter inference, a Bayesian hierarchical model is used to account for nightly variation of semi-field experimental conditions. We estimate the impact of the products on the vectorial capacity of the given Anopheles species using an existing mathematical model. With this methodology, we analysed data from recent semi-field studies in Kenya and Tanzania on the impact of transfluthrin-treated eave ribbons, the odour-baited Suna trap and their combination (push–pull system) on HLC of Anopheles arabiensis in the peridomestic area. Results Complementing previous analyses of personal protection, we found that the transfluthrin-treated eave ribbons act mainly by killing or disarming mosquitoes. Depending on the actual ratio of disarming versus killing, the vectorial capacity of An. arabiensis is reduced by 41 to 96% at 70% coverage with the transfluthrin-treated eave ribbons and by 38 to 82% at the same coverage with the push–pull system, under the assumption of a similar impact on biting indoors compared to outdoors. Conclusions The results of this analysis of semi-field data suggest that transfluthrin-treated eave ribbons are a promising tool against malaria transmission by An. arabiensis in the peridomestic area, since they provide both personal and community protection. Our modelling framework can estimate the community-level impact of any tool intervening during the mosquito host-seeking state using data from only semi-field experiments with time-stratified HLC.

Published
2021
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15. The development and evaluation of a self-marking unit to estimate malaria vector survival and dispersal distance

Author

Adam Saddler, Katharina S. Kreppel, Nakul Chitnis, Thomas A. Smith, Adrian Denz, Jason D. Moore, Mgeni M. Tambwe, and Sarah J. Moore

Subjects
Mark-release-recapture, Anopheles, Mosquito, Vector, MMRR, Release-recapture, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background A clear understanding of mosquito biology is fundamental to the control efforts of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria. Mosquito mark-release-recapture (MMRR) experiments are a popular method of measuring the survival and dispersal of disease vectors; however, examples with African malaria vectors are limited. Ethical and technical difficulties involved in carrying out MMRR studies may have held back research in this area and, therefore, a device that marks mosquitoes as they emerge from breeding sites was developed and evaluated to overcome the problems of MMRR. Methods A modified self-marking unit that marks mosquitoes with fluorescent pigment as they emerge from their breeding site was developed based on a previous design for Culex mosquitoes. The self-marking unit was first evaluated under semi-field conditions with laboratory-reared Anopheles arabiensis to determine the marking success and impact on mosquito survival. Subsequently, a field evaluation of MMRR was conducted in Yombo village, Tanzania, to examine the feasibility of the system. Results During the semi-field evaluation the self-marking units successfully marked 86% of emerging mosquitoes and there was no effect of fluorescent marker on mosquito survival. The unit successfully marked wild male and female Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) in sufficiently large numbers to justify its use in MMRR studies. The estimated daily survival probability of An. gambiae s.l. was 0.87 (95% CI 0.69–1.10) and mean dispersal distance was 579 m (95% CI 521–636 m). Conclusions This study demonstrates the successful use of a self-marking device in an MMRR study with African malaria vectors. This method may be useful in investigating population structure and dispersal of mosquitoes for deployment and evaluation of future vector control tools, such as gene drive, and to better parameterize mathematical models.

Published
2019
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16. Experimental hut evaluation of linalool spatial repellent agar gel against Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto mosquitoes in a semi-field system in Bagamoyo, Tanzania

Author

Mgeni Mohamed Tambwe, Edgar Mtaki Mbeyela, Brian Migamyo Massinda, Sarah Jane Moore, and Marta Ferreira Maia

Subjects
73% d-linalool agar, Semi-field system, Anopheles gambiae s.s., Experimental hut, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Malaria vector control is in need of new tools to face its current challenges such as the spread of pyrethroid-resistance and the increase of outdoor feeding mosquitoes. New strategies such as spatial repellents need to be evaluated as supplemental tools to existing control measures such as insecticide treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying. Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol commonly found in flowers and spices with reportedly repellent properties. Methods Four experimental huts fitted with exit traps and enclosed inside a large screened semi-field system were used for the evaluation. The tested spatial repellent product consisted of an agar gel emanator containing 73% linalool. Two rounds of experiments using a Latin square design were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the linalool emanators compared to no treatment (negative control) and a transfluthrin coil (positive) against lab-reared disease free Anopheles gambiae s.s.. The emanators were hung inside experimental huts where two volunteers were sleeping unprotected. The outcome measures were repellency, % feeding inhibition, %mortality and post 24 h % mortality. Results Unlike the mosquito coil, the linalool emanators did not show any feeding inhibition, repellency or induced mortality compared to the negative control. On the other hand mosquitoes kept for 24 h post exposure were 3 times more likely to die after being exposed to two 73% linalool emanators than the negative control. Conclusions Our results indicate that linalool agar gel emanators are not adequate as a spatial repellent against Anopheles gambiae s.s.. However adding linalool to known repellent formulations could be advantageous, not only because of its pleasant scent but also because of the delayed mortality effect it has on mosquitoes.

Published
2014
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17. Catalysts and Networks for Stability

Author

MGen Andy Salmon

Subjects
military, Iraq, Basra, social media, NATO, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), International relations, JZ2-6530, Political science (General), JA1-92
Abstract

Operation Charge of the Knights in the Spring of 2008, which cleared extremist militias out of Basra, created a strategic opportunity for building stability in that troubled Province. Security had improved but the situation was still fragile: attacks on Coalition forces were common, essential services were poor, the City needed cleaning up and revitalising, and the people had to believe that the future was going to be a better place than the present. I was about to assume command of Coalition Forces in South East Iraq in the Summer of 2008 and my team and I were working out how to seize this “Kyros” moment.

Published
2012
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20. Cognitive Remediation and Sheltered Employment in Schizophrenia (RemedRehab)

Author

Sainte Anne Hospital (Paris), Clermont-de-l'Oise Hospital (Clermont-de-l'Oise), Saint-Egrève Hospital (Saint-Egrève), Centre Hospitalier de Niort, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital (Marseille), Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, University Hospital, Tours, Mental Health Center MGEN (Rueil-Malmaison), Nantes University Hospital, Mental Health Center MGEN (Lille), and Nicolas FRANCK, Pr, University professor - Hospital practitioner

Published
2019

21. Monoamine Oxidases in Smoking Pregnant Women and Newborns

Author

Mission Interministérielle de Lutte contre la Drogue et la Toxicomanie (MILDT), Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (MGEN), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France, and Ivan Berlin

Published
2015

22. Classification of patients with sepsis according to blood genomic endotype: a prospective cohort study

Author

de Beer, Friso M., Bos, Lieuwe D.J., Frencken, Jos F., Koster-Brouwer, Maria E., van de Groep, Kirsten, Verboom, Diana M., Glas, Gerie J., van Hooijdonk, Roosmarijn T.M., Hoogendijk, Arie J., Huson, Mischa A., Klouwenberg, Peter M. Klein, Ong, David S.Y., Schouten, Laura R.A., Straat, Marleen, Witteveen, Esther, Wieske, Luuk, Scicluna, Brendon P, van Vught, Lonneke A, Zwinderman, Aeilko H, Wiewel, Maryse A, Davenport, Emma E, Burnham, Katie L, Nürnberg, Peter, Schultz, Marcus J, Horn, Janneke, Cremer, Olaf L, Bonten, Marc J, Hinds, Charles J, Wong, Hector R, Knight, Julian C, and van der Poll, Tom

Published
2017
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24. Lack of Strategic Funding and Long-Term Job Security Threaten to Have Profound Effects on Cardiovascular Researcher Retention in Australia

Author

Climie, Rachel E., Wu, Jason H.Y., Calkin, Anna C., Chapman, Niamh, Inglis, Sally C., Mirabito Colafella, Katrina M., Picone, Dean S., Tan, Joanne T.M., Thomas, Emma, Viola, Helena M., Wise, Steven G., Murphy, Andrew J., Nelson, Mark R., Nicholls, Stephen J., Hool, Livia C., Doyle, Kerry, Figtree, Gemma A., and Marques, Francine Z.

Published
2020
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25. Annales corrigées Concours Assistant de service social Éducateur (ES et EJE) : Épreuves écrites

Author

Olivier Perche, MGEN - (Mutuelle Générale de l'Education, Violaine GIRARD, Olivier Perche, MGEN - (Mutuelle Générale de l'Education, and Violaine GIRARD

Subjects
Social service
Abstract

Cet ouvrage propose une préparation efficace à l'épreuve écrite des concours d'entrée en écoles d'assistants de service social (ASS), d'éducateurs spécialisés (ES) et d'éducateurs de jeunes enfants (EJE), à travers une série de sujets d'annales corrigés, issus des derniers concours. Pour vous entraîner dans les meilleures conditions, vous y trouverez : – des conseils pratiques pour entrer dans les différentes écoles (modalités d'inscription, présentation de la formation et de la profession) ; – une méthodologie complète de chaque épreuve ; – une sélection de sujets de concours, classés par type d'exercice (résumé, culture générale, expression, etc.) ; – et, pour se mettre dans les conditions réelles de ces concours, des annales corrigées et classées par région, couvrant l'examen de niveau organisé par les DRASS et les concours d'entrée en écoles d'ASS, d'ES et d'EJE. Riche et complet, cet ouvrage offre ainsi tous les outils pour préparer et réussir l'épreuve écrite des concours d'entrée en écoles de travailleurs sociaux.Pour une préparation optimale à l'épreuve écrite des concours d'entrée en écoles d'assistants de service social, d'éducateurs spécialisés (ES) et d'éducateurs de jeunes enfants (EJE), cet ouvrage propose 15 annales d'examen corrigées, issues des dernières sessions, et couvrant à la fois l'examen de niveau et le concours d'entrée.

Published
2011

26. Concours Infirmier Culture générale Entraînement : Entraînement

Author

Jacqueline Gassier, Mélinée Simonot, MONDE (Le), QUOTIDIEN DU MEDECIN (LE), VALEURS MUTUALISTES - MGEN, Jacqueline Gassier, Mélinée Simonot, MONDE (Le), QUOTIDIEN DU MEDECIN (LE), and VALEURS MUTUALISTES - MGEN

Subjects
Nursing
Abstract

Cet ouvrage d'entraînement prépare à l'épreuve de culture générale (épreuve écrite d'admissibilité) du concours d'entrée en Institut de formation en soins infirmiers (IFSI). La première partie traite l'ensemble des thèmes sanitaires et sociaux sur lesquels porte les textes proposés aux concours. Elle offre pour chaque thème : - dix QCM corrigés qui permettent de s'auto-évaluer et apportent des données actuelles, - deux questions qui répondent à des problématiques précises et dont les corrigés permettent de réviser les éléments essentiels du cours. La seconde partie offre un entraînement à l'épreuve. Elle propose une série de sujets types conformes aux annales du concours : textes longs (extraits de presse), classés par thème, avec trois questions par texte. Entièrement corrigés de manière détaillée, ils permettent de se mettre en situation réelle d'examen. À l'occasion de cette nouvelle édition, les thèmes et les textes présentés ont été mis à jour pour coller au plus près de l'actualité. À la fois outil de révision et d'entraînement, cet ouvrage constitue la préparation indispensable à la réussite de l'épreuve de culture générale du concours d'entrée en IFSI.

Published
2011

27. Semi-field evaluation of freestanding transfluthrin passive emanators and the BG sentinel trap as a 'push-pull control strategy' against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Author

Mgeni M. Tambwe, Sarah J. Moore, Hassan Chilumba, Johnson K. Swai, Jason D. Moore, Caleb Stica, and Adam Saddler

Subjects
Spatial repellent, Odor-baited trap, FTPE, Push-pull, BG-sentinel trap, Transfluthrin, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Spatial repellents that drive mosquitoes away from treated areas, and odour-baited traps, that attract and kill mosquitoes, can be combined and work synergistically in a push-pull system. Push-pull systems have been shown to reduce house entry and outdoor biting rates of malaria vectors and so have the potential to control other outdoor biting mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti that transmit arboviral diseases. In this study, semi-field experiments were conducted to evaluate whether a push-pull system could be used to reduce bites from Aedes mosquitoes. Methods The push and pull under investigation consisted of two freestanding transfluthrin passive emanators (FTPE) and a BG sentinel trap (BGS) respectively. The FTPE contained hessian strips treated with 5.25 g of transfluthrin active ingredient. The efficacies of FTPE and BGS alone and in combination were evaluated by human landing catch in a large semi-field system in Tanzania. We also investigated the protection of FTPE over six months. The data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with binomial distribution. Results Two FTPE had a protective efficacy (PE) of 61.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 52.2–69.9%) against the human landing of Ae. aegypti. The BGS did not significantly reduce mosquito landings; the PE was 2.1% (95% CI: −2.9–7.2%). The push-pull provided a PE of 64.5% (95% CI: 59.1–69.9%). However, there was no significant difference in the PE between the push-pull and the two FTPE against Ae. aegypti (P = 0.30). The FTPE offered significant protection against Ae. aegypti at month three, with a PE of 46.4% (95% CI: 41.1–51.8%), but not at six months with a PE of 2.2% (95% CI: −9.0–14.0%). Conclusions The PE of the FTPE and the full push-pull are similar, indicative that bite prevention is primarily due to the activity of the FTPE. While these results are encouraging for the FTPE, further work is needed for a push-pull system to be recommended for Ae. aegypti control. The three-month protection against Ae. aegypti bites suggests that FTPE would be a useful additional control tool during dengue outbreaks, that does not require regular user compliance.

Published
2020
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31. Malaria infection in mosquitoes decreases the personal protection offered by permethrin-treated bednets

Author

Kevin Thiévent, Lorenz Hofer, Elise Rapp, Mgeni Mohamed Tambwe, Sarah Moore, and Jacob C. Koella

Subjects
Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), Repellency, Personal and community protection, Behavioral manipulation, Malaria control, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Insecticides targeting adult mosquitoes are the main way of controlling malaria. They work not only by killing mosquitoes, but also by repelling and irritating them. Indeed their repellent action gives valuable personal protection against biting mosquitoes. In the context of malaria control this personal protection is especially relevant when mosquitoes are infectious, whereas to protect the community we would prefer that the mosquitoes that are not yet infectious are killed (so, not repelled) by the insecticide. As the infectious stage of malaria parasites increases the motivation of mosquitoes to bite, we predicted that it would also change their behavioural response to insecticides. Results With two systems, a laboratory isolate of the rodent malaria Plasmodium berghei infecting Anopheles gambiae and several isolates of P. falciparum obtained from schoolchildren in Tanzania that infected Anopheles arabiensis, we found that mosquitoes harbouring the infectious stage (the sporozoites) of the parasite were less repelled by permethrin-treated nets than uninfected ones. Conclusions Our results suggest that, at least in the laboratory, malaria infection decreases the personal protection offered by insecticide-treated nets at the stage where the personal protection is most valuable. Further studies must investigate whether these results hold true in the field and whether the less effective personal protection can be balanced by increased community protection.

Published
2018
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33. Ability of epidemiological studies to monitor HPV post-vaccination dynamics:a simulation study

Author

Mélanie Bonneault, Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau, Maxime Flauder, Johannes A. Bogaards, Didier Guillemot, Lulla Opatowski, Anne C. M. Thiébaut, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Epidémiologie et modélisation de la résistance aux antimicrobiens - Epidemiology and modelling of bacterial escape to antimicrobials (EMAE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Institut Pasteur, Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: DOC 2017-123, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UVSQ, MB was funded by the INCa [grant DOC 2017-123] and MGEN, and her work was supported, M. B. was funded by the INCa [grant DOC 2017-123] and MGEN, and her work was supported by internal resources of Institut Pasteur, the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) and the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)., Epidemiology and Data Science, AII - Infectious diseases, and APH - Methodology

Subjects
observational study simulations, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Epidemiology, genotype interactions, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, human papillomavirus, vaccination, Agent-based modelling
Abstract

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are caused by a broad diversity of genotypes. As available vaccines target a subgroup of these genotypes, monitoring transmission dynamics of nonvaccine genotypes is essential. After reviewing the epidemiological literature on study designs aiming to monitor those dynamics, we evaluated their abilities to detect HPV-prevalence changes following vaccine introduction. We developed an agent-based model to simulate HPV transmission in a heterosexual population under various scenarios of vaccine coverage and genotypic interaction, and reproduced two study designs: post-vs.-prevaccine and vaccinated-vs.-unvaccinated comparisons. We calculated the total sample size required to detect statistically significant prevalence differences at the 5% significance level and 80% power. Although a decrease in vaccine-genotype prevalence was detectable as early as 1 year after vaccine introduction, simulations indicated that the indirect impact on nonvaccine-genotype prevalence (a decrease under synergistic interaction or an increase under competitive interaction) would only be measurable after >10 years whatever the vaccine coverage. Sample sizes required for nonvaccine genotypes were >5 times greater than for vaccine genotypes and tended to be smaller in the post-vs.-prevaccine than in the vaccinated-vs.-unvaccinated design. These results highlight that previously published epidemiological studies were not powerful enough to efficiently detect changes in nonvaccine-genotype prevalence.

Published
2023
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34. Maternal Diet Quality during Pregnancy and Allergic and Respiratory Multimorbidity Clusters in Children from the EDEN Mother–Child Cohort

Author

Rosalie Delvert, Manel Ghozal, Karine Adel-Patient, Manik Kadawathagedara, Barbara Heude, Marie-Aline Charles, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Muriel Tafflet, Bénédicte Leynaert, Raphaëlle Varraso, Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain, Annabelle Bédard, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Etude longitudinale française depuis l'enfance (UMS : Ined-Inserm-EFS) (ELFE), Institut national d'études démographiques (INED)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National de Prévention et d'Éducation pour la Santé, INPES, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-19-CE36-0008, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM, Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé, Université Paris-Sud, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Environnement et du Travail, AFSSET, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, InVS, Part of this study was included in the InfaDiet project, funded by a grant from the French National Research Agency (ANR-19-CE36-0008). The EDEN study is supported by Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), French Ministry of Research: Federative Research Institutes and Cohort Program, INSERM Human Nutrition National Research Program, and Diabetes National Research Program (through a collaboration with the French Association of Diabetic Patients (AFD)), French Ministry of Health, French Agency for Environment Security (AFSSET), French National Institute for Population Health Surveillance (InVS), Paris-Sud University, French National Institute for Health Education (INPES), Nestlé, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), French-speaking Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (ALFEDIAM), National Agency for Research (ANR non-thematic programme), and National Institute for Research in Public Health (IRESP: TGIR 2008 cohort in health programme). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript., and ANR-19-CE36-0008,InfaDiet,Influence de l'alimentation infantile sur la croissance et le développement de l'enfant(2019)

Subjects
maternal diet, asthma and allergic diseases, children, cluster analysis, birth cohort, Nutrition and Dietetics, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science
Abstract

We investigated the associations between maternal diet quality and allergic and respiratory diseases in children. Analyses were based on 1316 mother–child pairs from the EDEN mother–child cohort. Maternal diet quality during pregnancy was assessed through a food-based score (the Diet Quality), a nutrient-based score (the PANDiet), and the adherence to guidelines for main food groups. Clusters of allergic and respiratory multimorbidity clusters up to 8 years were identified using Latent Class Analysis. Associations were assessed by adjusted multinomial logistic regressions. Four clusters were identified for children: “asymptomatic” (67%, reference group), “asthma only” (14%), “allergies without asthma” (12%), “multi-allergic” (7%). These clusters were not associated with mother diet quality assessed by both scores. Children from mothers consuming legumes once a month or less were at higher risk of belonging to the “multi-allergic” cluster (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (95%CI)) = 1.60 (1.01;2.54)). No association was found with other food groups or other clusters. In our study, allergic and respiratory multimorbidity in children was described with four distinct clusters. Our results suggest an interest in legumes consumption in the prevention of allergic diseases but need to be confirmed in larger cohorts and randomized control trials.

Published
2023
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35. Plant-Based Diets and the Incidence of Asthma Symptoms among Elderly Women, and the Mediating Role of Body Mass Index

Author

Wassila Ait-hadad, Annabelle Bédard, Rosalie Delvert, Laurent Orsi, Sébastien Chanoine, Orianne Dumas, Nasser Laouali, Nicole Le Moual, Bénédicte Leynaert, Valérie Siroux, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Raphaëlle Varraso, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-10-COHO-0006, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN, RSI - Sécurité Sociale Indépendants Professions Libérales, Caisse nationale de solidarité pour l'autonomie, CNSA, Institut pour la Recherche en Santé Publique, IReSP: IReSP/JPM/MG-2013-0189, This work was supported by the Institut pour la Recherche en Santé Publique (IReSP/JPM/MG-2013-0189), and of the joint help of Direction Générale de la Santé (DGS), the Mission recherche de la Direction de la Recherche, des Etudes, de l’Evaluation et des Statistiques (Mire-DREES), the Caisse nationale d’assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés (CNAMTS), Régime Social des Indépendants (RSI) & Caisse nationale de solidarité pour l’autonomie (CNSA). The E3N-E4N cohort is supported by the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), the French League against Cancer (LNCC), Gustave Roussy, and the French Research Agency (ANR grant, ANR-10-COHO-0006). WHA was supported by a doctoral fellowship from the Ecole Doctorale de Santé Publique, Paris-Saclay University, France., ANR-10-COHO-0006,E4N,Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale(2010), HAL UVSQ, Équipe, and Cohortes - Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale - - E4N2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0006 - COHO - VALID

Subjects
mediation analyses, obesity, Nutrition and Dietetics, healthful plant-based diet index, unhealthful plant-based diet index, body mass index, incidence of asthma symptoms, asthma prevention, counterfactual framework, smoking, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; We aimed to test the hypothesis that adherence to a healthful plant-based diet (hPDI) is associated with a subsequent decrease in the incidence of asthma symptoms, with an opposite association with adherence to an unhealthful plant-based diet (uPDI). In addition, we evaluated a potential mediating role of body mass index (BMI) and the modifying effect of smoking. Among 5700 elderly women from the French Asthma-E3N study with dietary data in 1993 and 2005, we assessed the incidence of asthma symptoms in 2018 among women with no asthma symptoms in 2011. BMI was evaluated in 2008. Mediation analyses in the counterfactual framework were used to disentangle total, direct, and indirect effects mediated by BMI. We found that both healthful and unhealthful plant-based diets were associated with a lower incidence of asthma symptoms over time, mediated by BMI (OR (95%CI) for the indirect effect: 0.94 (0.89–1.00) for hPDI and 0.92 (0.70–1.00) for uPDI)). Associations with both healthful and unhealthful PDIs were mediated by changes in BMI by 33% and 89%, respectively. Plant-based diets (healthful and unhealthful) were associated with subsequently reduced incidences of asthma symptoms over time, partly or almost totally mediated by BMI according to their nutritional quality.

Published
2022
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36. Application of two statistical approaches (Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression and Principal Component Regression) to assess breast cancer risk in association to exposure to mixtures of brominated flame retardants and per- and polyfluorinated alkylated substances in the E3N cohort

Author

Pauline Frenoy, Vittorio Perduca, German Cano-Sancho, Jean-Philippe Antignac, Gianluca Severi, Francesca Romana Mancini, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Institut National Du Cancer, INCa, Institut Gustave-Roussy: EQ9-C17014LS, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN, This work was realized with the data of the E3N cohort of the Inserm and supported by the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), the Gustave Roussy Institute, and the French League against Cancer for the constitution and maintenance of the cohort. This work has benefited from State aid managed by the National Research Agency under the program 'Investment in the future' bearing the references ANR-20-IDEES-0002, and ANR-10-COHO-0006 as well as subsidy from the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation for public service charges bearing the reference n°2102918823. The work was also supported by the grant EQ9-C17014LS from the Cancer ITMO of the French National Alliance for Life and Health Sciences (AVIESAN), in collaboration with the Institut National du Cancer (French National Cancer Institute) and Inserm., ANR-10-COHO-0006,E4N,Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale(2010), HAL UVSQ, Équipe, and Cohortes - Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale - - E4N2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0006 - COHO - VALID

Subjects
Fluorocarbons, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Bayes Theorem, Breast Neoplasms, Principal Component Regression (PCR), Per- and polyfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS), Brominated flame retardants (BFR), Breast cancer, Receptors, Estrogen, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR), Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers, Humans, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Prospective Studies, Flame Retardants
Abstract

Background Brominated flame retardants (BFR) and per- and polyfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) are two groups of substances suspected to act as endocrine disruptors. Such substances could therefore be implicated in the occurrence of breast cancer, nevertheless, previous studies have led to inconstant results. Due to the large correlation between these substances, and the possibly non-linear effects they exert, evaluating their joint impact as mixtures on health remains challenging. This exploratory study aimed to generate hypotheses on the relationship between circulating levels of 7 BFR (6 polybrominated diphenyl ethers and 1 polybrominated biphenyls) and 11 PFAS and the risk of breast cancer in a case–control study nested in the E3N French prospective cohort by performing two methods: Principal Component Regression (PCR) models, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models. Methods 194 post-menopausal breast cancer cases and 194 controls were included in the present study. Circulating levels of BFR and PFAS were measured by gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The first statistical approach was based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by logistic regression models that included the identified principal components as main exposure variables. The second approach used BKMR models with hierarchical variable selection, this latter being suitable for highly correlated exposures. Both approaches were also run separately for Estrogen Receptor positive (ER +) and Estrogen Receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer cases. Results PCA identified four principal components accounting for 67% of the total variance. Component 3 showed a marginal association with ER + breast cancer risk. No clear association between BFR and PFAS mixtures and breast cancer was identified using BKMR models, and the credible intervals obtained were very wide. Finally, the BKMR models suggested a negative cumulative effect of BFR and PFAS on ER- breast cancer risk, and a positive cumulative effect on ER + breast cancer risk. Conclusion Although globally no clear association was identified, both approaches suggested a differential effect of BFR and PFAS mixtures on ER + and ER- breast cancer risk. However, the results for ER- breast cancer should be interpreted carefully due to the small number of ER- cases included in the study. Further studies evaluating mixtures of substances on larger study populations are needed.

Published
2021
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37. Rapport final du projet ALTER

Author

Srnec, Cynthia, Gossart, Cédric, Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Laboratoire en Innovation, Technologies, Economie et Management (EA 7363) (LITEM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut Mines-Télécom Business School (IMT-BS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Droit, Economie et Finances (IMT-BS - DEFI), Télécom Ecole de Management (TEM)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom Business School (IMT-BS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Fondation d’Entreprise MGEN pour la Santé Publique (FESP-MGEN), Laboratoire en Innovation, Technologies, Économie et Management (LITEM) / équipe INESS, and LITEM-NPR

Subjects
[SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration
Abstract

Les travailleurs de plateformes : Enjeux et opportunités dans le domaine de la protection sociale (ALTER) - Rapport confidentiel

Published
2021

38. Household cleaning and poor asthma control among elderly women

Author

Valérie Siroux, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Annabelle Bédard, Sofia Temam, Orianne Dumas, Sébastien Chanoine, Mohammed Sedki, Matthieu Marbac, Nicole Le Moual, Raphaëlle Varraso, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Gianluca Severi, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Recherche en Economie et Statistique [Bruz] (CREST), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI), Fondation d’entreprise MGEN pour la santé publique (FESP MGEN), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), ANR-10-COHO-0006,E4N,Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale(2010), Faraldo, Beatrice, and Cohortes - Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale - - E4N2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0006 - COHO - VALID

Subjects
Adult, Household exposure, Women, Detergents, Very frequent, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Occupational Exposure, Asthma control, Sprays, Odds Ratio, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cleaning products, Asthma, Aged, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, Environmental exposures, Case-control study, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Clinical research, 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, Cohort, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Chemicals, business, Body mass index, Disinfectants
Abstract

Background Asthma control is suboptimal in nearly half of adults with asthma. Household exposure to disinfectants and cleaning products (DCP) has been associated with adverse respiratory effects, but data on their association with asthma control are scant. Objectives To investigate the association between household use of DCP and asthma control in a large cohort of French elderly women. Methods We used data from a case-control study on asthma (2011-2013) nested in the E3N cohort. Among 3023 women with current asthma, asthma control was defined by the Asthma Control Test (ACT). We used a standardized questionnaire to assess the frequency of cleaning tasks and DCP use. We also identified household cleaning patterns using a clustering approach. Associations between DCP and ACT were adjusted for age, smoking status, body mass index, and education. Results Data on ACT and DCP use were available for 2223 women (70 ± 6 years old). Asthma was controlled (ACT = 25), partly controlled (ACT = 20-24), and poorly controlled (ACT ≤ 19) in 29%, 46%, and 25% of the participants, respectively. Weekly use of sprays and chemicals was associated with poorly controlled asthma (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1 spray: 1.31 [0.94-1.84], ≥2 sprays: 1.65 [1.07-2.53], P trend: .01; 1 chemical: 1.24 [0.94-1.64], ≥2 chemicals: 1.47 [1.03-2.09], P trend: .02). Risk for poor asthma control increased with the patterns “very frequent use of products” (1.74 [1.13-2.70]) and “infrequent cleaning tasks and intermediate use of products” (1.62 [1.05-2.51]). Conclusion Regular use of DCP may contribute to poor asthma control in elderly women. Limiting their use may help improve asthma management.

Published
2021
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39. Comparison of a Barcode-Based Smartphone Application to a Questionnaire to Assess the Use of Cleaning Products at Home and Their Association with Asthma Symptoms

Author

Lemire, Pierre, Temam, Sofia, Quinot, Catherine, Sévin, Etienne, Remacle, Sophie, Supernant, Karine, Dumas, Orianne, Le Moual, Nicole, Eyriey, E., Licinia, A., Vellement, A., Pin, Isabelle, Hofmann, P., Hullo, Églantine, Llerena, Catherine, Morin, X., Morlot, A., Lepeule, Johanna, Lyon-Caen, Sarah, Philippat, Claire, Quentin, Joane, Siroux, Valérie, Slama, Rémy, Faraldo, Beatrice, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, MGEN Foundation for Public Health [Paris] (FESP-MGEN), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), EpiConcept [Paris], The Sepages Study Group., Fondation d’entreprise MGEN pour la santé publique (FESP MGEN), Anses-PNR-EST-2015-1-022/Ademe-1594C0091, Anses-PNR-EST-2017-1-101/Ademe-1762C0021 Seventh Framework Programme, FP7: FP7/2007-206, N308333-HELIX European Research Council, ERC: N 311765-E-DOHaD Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: 14-CE21-0007-01, 19-CE36-0003-01, ANR 18-CE36-005, ANR-12-PDOC-0029-01, ANR-15-IDEX, ANR-15-IDEX-02 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Fondation de France: CLI-MATHES—00081169 Commissariat Général à l'Investissement, CGI Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, ANSES: PNR-EST-2018-1-264 Agir pour les Maladies Chroniques, Acknowledgments: We acknowledge the role of SEPAGES cohort study group: E. Eyriey, A. Licinia, A. Vellement (Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste, Grenoble), I. Pin, P. Hofmann, E. Hullo, C. Llerena (Grenoble University Hospital, La Tronche), X. Morin (Clinique des Cèdres, Echirolles), A. Morlot (Clinique Belledonne, Saint-Martin d’Hères), J. Lepeule, S. Lyon-Caen, C. Philippat, I. Pin, J. Quentin, V. Siroux, R. Slama (Inserm, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes IAB research center). We thank A. Benlakhryfa, L. Borges, Y. Gioria, clinical research assistants, J. Giraud, M. Marceau, M.-P. Martin, nurses, E. Charvet, A. Putod, midwives, M. Graca, K. Gridel, C. Pelini, fieldworkers, K. Guichardet, A. Levanic, C. Martel, E. Quinteiro neuropsychologists, the sta↵ from Grenoble Center for Clinical Investigation (CIC): J.-L. Cracowski, C. Cracowski, E. Hodaj, D. Abry, N. Gonnet and A. Tournier. A warm thank you also to M. Althuser, S. Althuser, F. Camus-Chauvet, P. Dusonchet, S. Dusonchet, L. Emery, P. Fabbrizio, P. Ho↵mann, D. Marchal André, X. Morin, E. Opoix, L. Pacteau, P. Rivoire, A. Royannais, C. Tomasella, T. Tomasella, D. Tournadre, P. Viossat, E. Volpi, S. Rey, E. Warembourg and clinicians from Grenoble University Hospital for their support in the recruitment of the study volunteers. We also thank A. Buchet, S.F. Caraby, J.-N. Canonica, J. Dujourdil, E. Eyriey, P. Hofmann, M. Jeannin, A. Licina, X. Morin, A. Nicolas, and all midwives from the four maternity wards of Grenoble urban areas. We thank B. Chevolon, C. Cornes, A.S. Gauchez, D. Guergour, P. Faure, J. Arnaud for thyroid hormones assessment. We thank the team of L. Chaperod (EFS) for its implication on the immunological aspects of the project. We thank G. Uzu (IRD) and J.-L. Ja↵rezo (CNRS) for their implication on PM oxidative potential assessment. We thank F.-X. Leupert, O. Bonnet and L. Goirand for the access to the birth certificate database from the Conseil Général de l’Isère. Sépages biospecimens are stored at Grenoble University Hospital (CHU-GA) biobank (bb-0033-00069), we would like to thank the whole CRB team, led by P. Mossuz and P. Lorimier, and in particular the technicians for the huge work of biospecimens processing and pooling: W. Jayar and L. Than, as well as G. Schummer. The Internet platform for secured data collection was developed by Epiconcept Paris (E. Sevin, S. Ployart, A. Polaert). SEPAGES data are stored thanks to Inserm RE-CO-NAI platform funded by Commissariat Général à l’Investissement, with the implication of Sophie de Visme (Inserm DSI). Many thanks to M.A. Charles, RE-CO-NAI coordinator, for her support. Finally, and importantly, we would like to express our sincere thanks to participants of the SEPAGES study. The authors are grateful for the help received from Ines Taarit and Mathias Clément to update the cleaning products ingredients database., Funding: The cohort was supported by the European Research Council (consolidator grant N 311765-E-DOHaD, PI, R. Slama), by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-206, grant N308333-HELIX, PI, M. Vrijheid), by ANR, the French Research Agency (PAPER project ANR-12-PDOC-0029-01, PI, J. Lepeule, SHALCOH project, 14-CE21-0007-01, PI, R. Slama, GUMME project, PI, R. Slama, ETAPE ANR 18-CE36-005, PI, J. Lepeule, EDeN project 19-CE36-0003-01, SYMER project, ANR-15-IDEX-02, PI, U. Schlattner, Mobil’Air project, ANR-15-IDEX, PI, S. Mathy, supported by University Grenoble-3Alpes), by ANSES (CNAP and HYPAXE projects, PI C. Philippat, PENDORE project, PNR-EST-2018-1-264, PI, V. Siroux), by Plan Cancer (Canc’Air project, PI, P. Guénel), by Association de Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC, PI, P. Guénel), by AGIR pour les maladies chroniques (PI, R. Slama and PRENAPAR project, V. Siroux), and Fonds de Recherche pour la Santé Respiratoire (FRSR, PI, I. Pin) and by Fondation de France (CLI-MATHES—00081169, J. Lepeule). We acknowledge the support of ANSES, Inserm and AGIR pour les maladies chroniques, for SEPAGES feasibility study. The support of 'SCUSI 2017' Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes programme is also acknowledged. COBANET-Sepages project was support by Anses and Ademe (COBANET: Anses-PNR-EST-2015-1-022/Ademe-1594C0091, PI: N Le Moual, CRESPINET: Anses-PNR-EST-2017-1-101/Ademe-1762C0021, PI: N Le Moual). Pierre Lemire benefited from a PhD scholarship of the University of Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, France., The cohort was supported by the European Research Council (consolidator grant N 311765-E-DOHaD, PI, R. Slama), by the European Community?s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-206, grant N308333-HELIX, PI, M. Vrijheid), by ANR, the French Research Agency (PAPER project ANR-12-PDOC-0029-01, PI, J. Lepeule, and EDeN project 19-CE36-0003-01, SYMER project, ANR-15-IDEX-02, PI, U. Schlattner, Mobil?Air project, ANR-15-IDEX, PI, S. Mathy, supported by University Grenoble-3Alpes), by ANSES (CNAP and HYPAXE projects, PI C. Philippat, PENDORE project, PNR-EST-2018-1-264, PI, V. Siroux), by Plan Cancer (Canc?Air project, PI, P. Gu?nel), by Association de Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC, PI, P. Gu?nel), by AGIR pour les maladies chroniques (PI, R. Slama and PRENAPAR project, V. Siroux), and Fonds de Recherche pour la Sant? Respiratoire (FRSR, PI, I. Pin) and by Fondation de France (CLIMATHES?00081169, J. Lepeule). We acknowledge the support of ANSES, Inserm and AGIR pour les maladies chroniques, for SEPAGES feasibility study. The support of ?SCUSI 2017? R?gion Auvergne-Rh?ne-Alpes programme is also acknowledged. COBANET-Sepages project was support by Anses and Ademe (COBANET: Anses-PNR-EST-2015-1-022/Ademe-1594C0091, PI: N Le Moual

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Smartphone application, Logistic regression, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environmental health, Epidemiology, Odds Ratio, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Association (psychology), smartphone application, Asthma, household cleaning products, business.industry, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Asthma symptoms, Odds ratio, asthma, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Smartphone, business, Kappa, Disinfectants
Abstract

International audience; Household disinfectant and cleaning products (HDCPs) assessment is challenging in epidemiological research. We hypothesized that a newly-developed smartphone application was more objective than questionnaires in assessing HDCPs. Therefore, we aimed to compare both methods, in terms of exposure assessments and respiratory health effects estimates. The women of the SEPAGES birth cohort completed repeated validated questionnaires on HDCPs and respiratory health and used an application to report HDCPs and scan products barcodes, subsequently linked with an ingredients database. Agreements between the two methods were assessed by Kappa coefficients. Logistic regression models estimated associations of HDCP with asthma symptom score. The 101 participants (18 with asthma symptom score ≥1) scanned 617 different products (580 with available ingredients list). Slight to fair agreements for sprays, bleach and scented HDCP were observed (Kappa: 0.35, 0.25, 0.11, respectively). Strength of the associations between HDCP and asthma symptom score varied between both methods but all odds ratios (OR) were greater than one. The number of scanned products used weekly was significantly associated with the asthma symptom score (adjusted-OR [CI 95%]: 1.15 [1.00–1.32]). This study shows the importance of using novel tools in epidemiological research to objectively assess HDCP and therefore reduce exposure measurement errors.

Published
2021
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40. Dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and risk of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Evidence from the French E3N prospective cohort

Author

Francesca Mancini, Pauline Frenoy, Thibault Fiolet, Caroline Besson, Marine Lemaitre, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Institut Gustave-Roussy Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, This work was realized with the data of the E3N cohort of the Inserm and supported by the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale ( MGEN ), the Gustave Roussy Institute, and the French League against Cancer for the constitution and maintenance of the cohort. This work has benefited from State aid managed by the Nation Research Agency under the program 'Investment in the future' bearing the reference ANR-10-COHO-0006 as well as subsidy from the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation for public service charges bearing the reference n°2102918823., and ANR-10-COHO-0006,E4N,Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale(2010)

Subjects
Population, Food Contamination, 010501 environmental sciences, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Dietary exposure, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Non-hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Prospective cohort study, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, Hazard ratio, Confounding, Prospective cohort, medicine.disease, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Abstract

International audience; Introduction: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are persistent and bioaccumulative lipophilic substances, mostly used in the past by industry. Known to be cancerogenic, PCB are suspected to increase Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) risk in the general population mainly due to evidence from cases-controls studies. Since their interdiction in 1987, diet represents the main route of exposure for the general population, nevertheless no study has assessed the relationship between PCB dietary exposure and NHL risk. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between dietary exposures to dioxin like PCB (DL PCB) and non-dioxin like PCB (NDL PCB) and NHL risk in the E3N prospective cohort of French women. Materials and methods: Among 67,879 women included in this study, 457 cases of NHL were confirmed during 21 years of follow-up. Dietary exposure to PCB was estimated combining food consumption data collected in E3N and food contamination data provided by French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) in the second French total diet study. Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Average age at diagnosis was 67 years. The median dietary exposure to DL PCB and NDL PCB was, 18.5 pg TEQ/d and 138,843.2 pg/d, respectively. While no association was found between dietary exposure to DL PCB or NDL PCB and overall NHL risk, analyses by NHL histological subgroups showed a positive association between dietary exposures to DL PCB and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (OR3vs1 1.90, 95%CI [1.03–3.51], ptrend 0.02). Nevertheless these findings were no longer statistically significant when the models were adjusted for fish and dairy products consumption. In addition, an inverse association was found between dietary exposure to NDL PCB and the risk of follicular lymphoma (OR3vs1 0.46, 95%CI [0.24–0.87], ptrend 0.01). Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate the association between dietary exposure to DL and NDL PCB and the risk of NHL in a prospective cohort study. Overall, the findings suggest a lack of association between dietary exposure to DL or NDL PCB and NHL risk. Additional studies are needed to reproduce these findings.

Published
2021
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41. Multiethnic genome-wide association study of differentiated thyroid cancer in the EPITHYR consortium

Author

Pierre Laurent-Puig, Yan Ren, Frédérique Rachédi, Pascal Guénel, Sandya Liyanarachchi, Asta Försti, Albert de la Chapelle, Om Kulkarni, Claire Mulot, Huiling He, Federica Gemignani, Julie Guibon, Anne-Valérie Guizard, Fabienne Lesueur, Rossella Elisei, Ausrele Kesminiene, Anthony F. Herzig, Mojgan Karimi, Pierre-Emmanuel Sugier, Thérèse Truong, Delphine Bacq-Daian, Anne-Louise Leutenegger, Constance Xhaard, Daniel F. Comiskey, Celia M Pereda, Evgenia Ostroumova, Florent de Vathaire, Elisabeth Adjadj, Françoise Borson-Chazot, Jean-François Deleuze, Carole Rubino, Anne Boland-Auge, Hauke Thomsen, Elise A. Lucotte, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Juan J Lence-Anta, Rosa Ortiz, Claire Schvartz, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, Institut Curie [Paris]-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique (DCAC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Épidémiologie des radiations, épidémiologie clinique des cancers et survie (U1018 (Équipe 3) ), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'investigation clinique plurithématique Pierre Drouin [Nancy] (CIC-P), Centre d'investigation clinique [Nancy] (CIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists [Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy] (INI-CRCT), Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu [Nancy], French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network - F-CRIN [Paris] (Cardiovascular & Renal Clinical Trialists - CRCT ), Service de biostatistique et d'épidémiologie (SBE), Direction de la recherche clinique [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut Jean Godinot [Reims], UNICANCER, Registre Général des Tumeurs du Calvados, CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-UNICANCER, Unité de recherche interdisciplinaire pour la prévention et le traitement des cancers (ANTICIPE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-UNICANCER-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital de Taaone, Hôpital Louis Pradel [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Health Service and Performance Research (HESPER), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg [Heidelber, Germany] (KITZ), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ)-Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], German Cancer Consortium [Heidelberg] (DKTK), Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires (NeuroDiderot (UMR_S_1141 / U1141)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation, MESRI: 2102 918823 National Institute of Ecology, NIE Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR‐10‐COHO‐0006 Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC: PGA120150202302 Ligue Contre le Cancer Fondation de France Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: 9533 Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, ANSES Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Electricité de France, EDF: EP 2019‐01, We thank Dr Yannick Rougier and Dr Dominique Baron-Dubourdieu for providing pathological reports for the NC study, as well as Dr Sylvie Laumond, Dr Jean-Paul Grangeon (Direction des affaires sanitaires et sociales de Nouvelle-Cal?donie) and the country's provincial health authorities (DPASS Sud, DPASS Nord, DPASS Iles Loyaut?) for support during data collection in the NC study. We thank Milagros Velasco, Mae Chappe and Idalmis Infante (Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, La Havana, Cuba) and Silvia Turcios (National Institute of Endocrinology, La Havana, Cuba) for helping in the collection of the data in the Cuban Study. We thank John Paoaafaite and Joseph Teuri who contacted and interviewed cases and controls for the study. Finally, we also thank P. Morales, J. Iltis, P. Giraud, P. Didiergeorge, M. Brisard, G. Soubiran, B. Caillou, P. Dupire, J. Ienfa, G. de Clermont, N. Cerf, B. Oddo, M. Bambridge, C. Baron, A. Mouchard-Rachet, O. Simonet, D. Lamarque, J. Vabret, J. Delacre, M.P. Darquier and J. Leninger, for their help in the collection of the cases or in the organization of study in French Polynesia. We would like to thank the Association Centre de Regroupement Informatique et Statistique en Anatomie Pathologique en Provence-Alpes-C?te d'Azur (CRISAP PACA), as well as Dr Arlette Danzon, Dr Genevi?ve Sasolas, Dr Marc Christophe Sattonnet, Dr Marc Colonna, Dr Brigitte Lacour, Dr Michel Velten, Dr Enora Clero, Dr St?phane Maillard, Dr Laurent Bailly, Dr Eug?nia Marin? Barjoan, Dr Jean-Luc Lassalle, Dr Z Hafdi-Nejjari, Dr P Delafosse, Dr Elisabeth Adjadj, Kami-Marie Moreau, Cyrielle Orenes, Laurianne Sarrazin, St?phanie Bonnay, Fr?d?rique Chatelain, Maryse Barouh, Evelyne Rapp, Julie Festra?ts, Julie Valbousquet, Yusuf Atilgan, Jean Chappellet, Lallia Bedhouche, Florent Dayet and Ziyan Fami, for their help in the collection of cases, the organization and the management of the Young-Thyr study. We acknowledge Stefano Landi for the Italian GWAS data and Subhayan Chattopadhyay and Yasmeen Niazi (Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center?DKFZ) for technical assistance in these data analysis. We are grateful to Dr Herv? Perdry for his help in using the GASTON package. The EPITHYR GWAS was supported by Institut National du Cancer (grant number 9533) and Fondation ARC (grant number PGA120150202302). The E3N cohort received support from the MGEN, Gustave Roussy and Ligue contre le cancer for its setup and maintenance. The E3N cohort was also supported by a state grant from the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) (grant number ANR-10-COHO-0006) within the Investissement d'Avenir program and from the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MESRI, grant number 2102 918823). The other participating studies were funded by Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, ANR, the Direction G?n?rale de la Sante, the Agence Fran?aise de S?curit? Sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), CHILDTHYR EEC program, and the Fondation de France. JG was the recipient of a PhD fellowship from R?gion Ile-de-France, part of OK was the recipient of a post-doc fellowship from Electricit? de France (conseil scientifique de Radioprotection d'EDF, grant EP 2019-01)., The EPITHYR GWAS was supported by Institut National du Cancer (grant number 9533) and Fondation ARC (grant number PGA120150202302). The E3N cohort received support from the MGEN, Gustave Roussy and Ligue contre le cancer for its setup and maintenance. The E3N cohort was also supported by a state grant from the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) (grant number ANR‐10‐COHO‐0006) within the Investissement d'Avenir program and from the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MESRI, grant number 2102 918823). The other participating studies were funded by Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, the Direction Générale de la Sante, the Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation, and the Fondation de France. JG was the recipient of a PhD fellowship from Région Ile‐de‐France, part of OK was the recipient of a post‐doc fellowship from Electricité de France (conseil scientifique de Radioprotection d'EDF, grant EP 2019‐01)., Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), EFS-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Male, Cancer Research, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ethnic group, Genome-wide association study, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, Informed consent, Epidemiology, thyroid cancer, Chromosomes, Human, Medicine, Prospective cohort study, Thyroid cancer, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Incidence (epidemiology), Middle Aged, Checklist, 3. Good health, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Pacific islanders, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, case-control study, education, Population, Biology, Pacific Islands, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Thyroid Neoplasms, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, genome-wide association study, business.industry, Case-control study, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Case-Control Studies, Family medicine, business
Abstract

Incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) varies considerably between ethnic groups, with particularly high incidence rates in Pacific Islanders. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 1,554 cases/1,973 controls of European ancestry and 301 cases/348 controls of Oceanian ancestry from the EPITHYR consortium. Our results confirmed the association with the known DTC susceptibility loci at 2q35, 8p12, 9q22.33 and 14q13.3 in the European ancestry population and suggested two novel signals at 1p31.3 (rs334729) and 16q23.2 (rs16950982), which were associated with TSH levels in previous GWAS. We additionally replicated an association with 5p15.33 reported previously in Chinese and European populations. Except at 1p31.3, all associations were in the same direction in the population of Oceanian ancestry. The frequency of risk alleles at 2q35, 5p15.33 and 16q23.2 were significantly higher in Oceanians than in Europeans and may explain part of the highest DTC incidence observed in Oceanians.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementINCA (grant number 9533) and ARC (grant number PGA120150202302), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR), the Direction Generale de la Sante, the Agence Francaise de Securite Sanitaire de l alimentation, de lenvironnement et du travail (ANSES), CHILDTHYR EEC program, and the Fondation de France. JG and CX were the recipient of a PhD fellowship from Region Ile-de-France.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:All participants provided informed consent and each study was approved by their governing ethics committee.All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.YesThe data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions. (Less)

Published
2021
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42. Domestic exposure to irritant cleaning agents and asthma in women

Author

Sébastien Chanoine, Nicole Le Moual, Valérie Siroux, Raphaëlle Varraso, Jan-Paul Zock, Orianne Dumas, Sofia Temam, Gianluca Severi, Pierre Lemire, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Fondation d’entreprise MGEN pour la santé publique (FESP MGEN), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), ANR-10-COHO-0006,E4N,Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale(2010), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Faraldo, Beatrice, and Cohortes - Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale - - E4N2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0006 - COHO - VALID

Subjects
Cleaning agent, Irritants, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Domestic cleaning, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Low education, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Detergents, Frequency of use, 010501 environmental sciences, Logistic regression, 01 natural sciences, Internal medicine, Environmental health, Occupational Exposure, Medicine, Humans, Respiratory health, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Asthma, Aged, lcsh:GE1-350, 2. Zero hunger, Response rate (survey), business.industry, Asthma treatment, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Occupational Diseases, Increased risk, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, Smoking status, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Asthma, asthma treatment, domestic cleaning, allergy, irritants, business, Body mass index
Abstract

International audience; An adverse role of frequent domestic use of cleaning agents, especially in spray form, on asthma has been reported. However, sparse studies have investigated respiratory health effects of chronic domestic exposure to irritant cleaning agents. This study aims to investigate associations between weekly use of irritant domestic cleaning products and current allergic and non-allergic asthma in a large cohort of elderly women. We used data from the Asthma-E3N nested case-control study on asthma (n = 19,404 women, response rate: 91%, 2011), in which participants completed standardized questionnaires on asthma and on the use of domestic cleaning products including irritants (bleach, ammonia, solvents and acids). Allergic multimorbidity in asthma was assessed from allergic-related medications recorded in drug refunds database. The association between use of irritants and current asthma was estimated by logistic regression (current vs. never asthma) and multinomial logistic regression (never asthma, non-allergic asthma, allergic asthma) adjusted on age, smoking status and body mass index (BMI). In the 12,758 women included in the analysis (mean age: 70 years, current smokers: 4%, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2: 32%, low education: 11%, current asthma: 23%), 47% reported weekly use of at least one irritant cleaning product at home. Weekly use of irritant products was associated with a higher risk of current asthma (adjusted Odds-Ratio: 1.17, 1.07-1.27). A statistically significant dose-response association was reported (p trend < 0.0001), with both the number of irritant products used weekly (1 irritant: 1.12, 1.02-1.23; 2 irritants: 1.21, 1.05-1.39; 3 irritants or more: 2.08, 1.57-2.75) and the frequency of use (1-3 days/week: 1.12, 1.02-1.23; 4-7 days/week: 1.41,1.22-1.64). A dose-response association was observed with the frequency of products used (p trend < 0.05), for both non-allergic (4-7 days/week: 1.27, 1.02-1.57) and allergic asthma (1.52, 1.27-1.82). In conclusion, weekly use of common cleaning irritants was associated with an increased risk of current asthma, whatever the allergic status.

Published
2020
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43. Antiplatelet Drug Use and Breast Cancer Risk in a Prospective Cohort of Postmenopausal Women

Author

Laure Dossus, Gianluca Severi, Marie Al Rahmoun, Agnès Fournier, Manon Cairat, Marc J. Gunter, Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), 2102 918823 Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-10-COHO-0006 Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Institut Gustave-Roussy Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: INCa_13539 Ligue Contre le Cancer, The research was carried out using data from the Inserm (French National Institute for Health and Medical Research) E3N cohort, which was established and maintained with the support of the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), Gustave Roussy, and the French League against Cancer (LNCC). E3N-E4N is also supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the Investment for the future Program (PIA, ANR-10-COHO-0006) and by the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (subsidy for public service charges No. 2102 918823). This study is listed at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03285230. We are grateful to the study participants for their continued participation and to medical practitioners for providing pathology reports. We also thank all members of, and M. Cairat was supported by a research scholarship from the Ligue Contre le Cancer. M. Al Rahmoun was supported by a research scholarship from the French National Cancer Institute (INCa_13539).

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Antiplatelet drug, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Breast Neoplasms, Lower risk, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Aspirin, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Clopidogrel, 3. Good health, Postmenopause, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, France, business, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Epidemiologic evidence is insufficient to draw conclusions on the impact of low-dose aspirin use on breast cancer risk, and the potential impact of other antiplatelet drugs such as clopidogrel needs to be explored. Methods: We investigated the association between breast cancer risk and low-dose aspirin or clopidogrel use in the E3N cohort, which includes 98,995 women, with information on breast cancer risk factors collected from biennial questionnaires matched with drug reimbursement data available from 2004. Women with at least two reimbursements of the drug of interest in any previous 3-month period were considered “ever” exposed. Exposure was considered as time-varying and multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs of breast cancer. Results: Among 62,512 postmenopausal women followed during 9 years on average, 2,864 breast cancer cases were identified. Compared with never use, a transient higher breast cancer risk was observed during the third year of low-dose aspirin use [HR2–≤3 years of use = 1.49 (1.08–2.07)], followed by a lower risk [HR4+ years of use = 0.72 (0.52–0.99)]. Clopidogrel ever use was associated with a higher breast cancer risk [HR, 1.30 (1.02–1.68)], restricted to estrogen receptor negative (ER−) tumors [HRER+ = 1.14 (0.83–1.57), HRER− = 3.07 (1.64–5.76), Phomogeneity = 0.01]. Conclusions: Low-dose aspirin was associated with a lower breast cancer risk only after several years of use, while ever use of clopidogrel was associated with a higher ER− breast cancer risk. Impact: Antiplatelet drugs are not good pharmacologic candidates for breast cancer prevention.

Published
2020
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44. Plasma concentration of brominated flame retardants and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: A nested case-control study in the French E3N cohort

Author

Mancini, Francesca Romana, Cano-Sancho, German, Mohamed, Oceane, Cervenka, Iris, Omichessan, Hanane, Marchand, Philippe, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Arveux, Patrick, Severi, Gianluca, Antignac, Jean-Philippe, Kvaskoff, Marina, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Laboratoire d'étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER, Université de Florence, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institut National Du Cancer, INCa Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Institut National Du Cancer, INCa, and This work was realized with the data of the E3N cohort of the Inserm and supported by the Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale (MGEN), the Gustave Roussy Institute, and the French League against Cancer for the constitution and maintenance of the cohort. The work was also supported by the grant EQ. 9-C17014LS from the Cancer ITMO of the French National Alliance for Life and Health Sciences (AVIESAN), in collaboration with the Institut National du Cancer (French National Cancer Institute) and Inserm.

Subjects
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Research, Polybrominated Biphenyls, lcsh:RA1-1270, Breast Neoplasms, Pentabromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Endocrine Disruptors, Middle Aged, Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), Postmenopause, lcsh:RC963-969, Breast cancer, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Biomonitoring, lcsh:Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers, E3N cohort, Humans, Environmental Pollutants, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Flame Retardants
Abstract

International audience; Background: Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are lipophilic substances with endocrine-disrupting properties. To date, only few investigations, mainly retrospective case-control studies, have explored the link between internal levels of BFRs and the risk of breast cancer, leading to conflicting results. We investigated the associations between plasma concentrations of two main groups of BFRs, PBDEs (pentabromodiphenyl ethers) and PBBs (polybrominated biphenyls), and the risk of breast cancer in a nested case-control study. Methods: A total of 197 incident breast cancer cases and 197 controls with a blood sample collected in 1994-1999 were included. Plasma levels of PBDE congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE153, BDE-154) and of PBB-153 were measured by gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Women were aged 56 years on average at blood draw. All cases, except for one, were diagnosed after menopause, with an average age at diagnosis of 68 years. Overall, we found no evidence of an association between plasma levels of PBDEs and PBB-153 and postmenopausal breast cancer risk (log-concentrations of BFRs yielding non-statistically significant ORs of 0.87 to 1.07). The analysis showed a non-linear inverse association for BDE-100 and BDE-153 and postmenopausal breast cancer risk; nevertheless, these findings were statistically significant only when the exposure was modeled as ng/L plasma (third vs. first quintile: OR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.19-0.93 and OR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.18-0.98, respectively) and not when modeled as ng/gr of lipids (OR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.27-1.25 and OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.25-1.17). These results were unchanged in stratified analyses by tumor hormone receptor expression or body mass index. Conclusions: Our results suggest no clear association between internal levels of PBDEs and PBB-153 and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, these findings need to be carefully interpreted, taking into account limitations due to the limited number of women included in the study, the lack of information concerning genetic susceptibility of cases, and the unavailability of exposure assessment during critical windows of susceptibility for breast cancer. More studies are warranted to further investigate the relationships between PBDE and PBB exposure and breast cancer risk.

Published
2020
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45. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women

Author

Agnès Fournier, Marc J. Gunter, Gianluca Severi, Manon Cairat, Laure Dossus, Marie Al Rahmoun, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Ligue Contre le Cancer Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Institut Gustave-Roussy Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Ligue Contre le Cancer (support for the E3N cohort and PhD fellowship to Manon Cairat). Acknowledgements Disclaimer, and The research was carried out using data from the Inserm (French National Institutes for Health and Medical Research) E3N cohort, which was established and maintained with the support of the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), Gustave Roussy, and the French League against Cancer (LNCC). We are grateful to the study participants for their continued participation and to medical practitioners for providing pathology reports. We also thank all members of the E3N-EPIC study group, in particular Rafika Chaït, Ghizlane Esselma, Marie Fangon, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Lyan Hoang, Roselyn Gomes and the data management team, and Amandine Gelot for data management and/or technical assistance. The work reported in this paper was performed during Agnès Fournier’s term as a Visiting Scientist at the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Proton pump inhibitors, Breast Neoplasms, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Comorbidity, Lower risk, lcsh:RC254-282, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Medical history, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Aspirin, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Hazard ratio, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Postmenopausal women, 3. Good health, Postmenopause, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, France, business, Research Article, Cohort study
Abstract

BackgroundAlthough anti-inflammatory agents could theoretically have anticancer properties, results from cohort studies on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and breast cancer (BC) risk are inconsistent.MethodsWe investigated the association between NSAID use and BC incidence in the French E3N prospective cohort, which includes 98,995 women born between 1925 and 1950 and insured by a health insurance plan that covers mostly teachers. Self-reported information on lifestyle and medical history has been collected biennially by questionnaires and matched with data from a drug reimbursement database covering the period 2004–2014. Women who self-reported current NSAID use in the 2000 or 2002 questionnaires or with at least two reimbursements in any previous 3-month period were defined as exposed to NSAIDs. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the association of NSAID use with BC risk.ResultsIn the current analysis, 62,512 postmenopausal women were followed between 2004 and 2014 (9 years on average, starting at a mean age of 63 years; 2864 incident BC). In multivariable models, there was no statistically significant association between NSAID use and BC risk [HR = 1.00 (0.92–1.08), compared with non-exposed women]. The NSAID-BC associations did not differ by NSAID types, BC subtypes, risk factors, and comorbidities, nor by duration and dose of use. However, a statistically significant interaction was observed by proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drug use (Pinteraction = 0.01) whereby a decreased risk of BC with NSAID use was only observed among women who also used PPI before.ConclusionOnly women who used NSAIDs after having used PPI had a lower risk of BC. This result is novel and requires replication in other studies.

Published
2020
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47. Recherche interventionnelle sur les troubles vocaux chez les enseignants : vers une prévention collective ?

Author

Fabien Gilbert, Gabriela Caetano, Pascale Lapie-Legouis, Jérôme-Philippe Garsi, C. Loie, and Fondation d’entreprise MGEN pour la santé publique (FESP MGEN)

Subjects
030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 16. Peace & justice, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, 0305 other medical science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Resume Contexte La problematique des troubles vocaux chez les enseignants a ete documentee dans des etudes preliminaires internationales, justifiant la pertinence et l’importance de la realisation d’actions de prevention dans cette population. Objectif L’objectif principal de cette etude est d’evaluer la facon dont les enseignants ayant beneficie d’une intervention sur l’hygiene vocale et la prevention des troubles de la voix la percoivent et si les resultats dependent de l’âge de l’enseignant et de son experience. Pour cela, l’analyse critique de deux parametres, l’insatisfaction et l’apprentissage, a ete menee. Materiel et methodes Depuis plus de quinze ans, la Mutuelle generale de l’Education nationale (MGEN), en partenariat avec le ministere de l’Education nationale, propose une formation a la voix et a l’hygiene vocale aux enseignants en formation initiale et continue. A l’issue de chaque formation, un questionnaire d’evaluation est remis aux participants. Les donnees sont analysees statistiquement. Resultats En 2014, 1144 questionnaires ont ete recueillis. La population retenue pour l’analyse (n = 1012) est constituee de 81 % de femmes, 52 % des repondants ont plus de 30 ans, 52 % sont en formation initiale, 59 % affirment avoir deja ete confrontes a un probleme vocal, dont 22 % ayant ete dans l’impossibilite de faire cours a cause d’un probleme de voix. Quarante-trois pour cent declarent avoir des difficultes vocales. Ils sont 91 % a etre satisfaits a l’issue de la formation. Le fait d’avoir moins de 30 ans est associe a la fois a un risque plus eleve d’etre insatisfait (OR = 2,54 ; IC 95 % = [1,09–5,92]) et a un apprentissage plus faible (OR = 0,62 ; IC 95 % = [0,41–0,92]). Le fait de declarer avoir deja ete confronte a des problemes vocaux avec impossibilite de faire cours est aussi associe au moindre risque d’etre insatisfait et a l’apprentissage fort, mais a la limite de la significativite pour l’insatisfaction. Conclusions Les enseignants sont globalement tres satisfaits des interventions proposees. Elles permettent l’acquisition de connaissances theoriques et pratiques et meriteraient de s’inscrire sur le long terme. La satisfaction a l’issue de cette formation et la capacite de protection vocale acquise augmentent significativement avec l’âge des participants. Le manque d’informations et de connaissance sur les exigences vocales de la profession pourrait expliquer les differences observees.

Published
2017
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48. Troubles de la voix chez les enseignants français : prévalence, facteurs associés et retentissement sur le bien-être au travail et la qualité de vie

Author

Jérôme-Philippe Garsi, Camille Gallinari, Marie-Noël Vercambre-Jacquot, and Fondation d’entreprise MGEN pour la santé publique (FESP MGEN)

Subjects
teachers, 030505 public health, bien-être, voice disorders, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, qualité de vie, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, well-being, risk factors, enseignants, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, 0305 other medical science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, quality of life Mots-clés : troubles vocaux, facteurs de risque
Abstract

Objectif de l’etude Les enseignants seraient particulierement a risque de souffrir de troubles vocaux, mais en France peu de donnees existent. Notre objectif a ete d’evaluer la prevalence des troubles vocaux chez les enseignants francais, d’en determiner les facteurs associes et d’explorer le retentissement de ces troubles sur le bien-etre. Methodes Dans l’enquete postale nationale « Qualite de vie des enseignants » (Fondation MGEN/Education nationale, n = 2653), les troubles vocaux ont ete evalues au moyen de trois indicateurs : handicap vocal (Voice Handicap Index-10 items), impossibilite de faire cours a cause d’un probleme de voix depuis le debut de l’annee scolaire, au moins une consultation d’un professionnel de sante pour un probleme vocal. Dans des modeles multivaries, nous avons investigue differents facteurs de risque personnels, professionnels et environnementaux et explore le retentissement potentiel des troubles vocaux sur le bien-etre au travail ( burnout , absenteisme, satisfaction professionnelle) et la qualite de vie globale (questionnaire World Health Organisation-Quality of life-Bref). Resultats Treize pourcent des enseignants presentaient un handicap vocal modere a severe, 16 % avaient ete dans l’impossibilite de faire cours a cause d’un probleme de voix depuis le debut de l’annee scolaire et 23 % avaient deja consulte pour un probleme de voix. Apres ajustement, les facteurs significativement associes aux trois indicateurs de troubles vocaux etaient : le sexe feminin, une demande psychologique elevee, avoir ete victime de violence psychologique au travail et a deux indicateurs sur trois : l’âge, la pollution ressentie de l’environnement de vie et une origine sociale des eleves defavorisee. Les enseignants souffrant de troubles vocaux etaient moins satisfaits de leur vecu professionnel et de leur qualite de vie. Conclusion Notre etude permet d’objectiver la problematique des troubles vocaux chez les enseignants francais et appuie l’interet de realiser des actions de prevention et de promotion de la sante dans cette population.

Published
2016
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49. Conditions d’exercice et ressenti professionnel des enseignants : quelles différences sexuées ?

Author

Marie-Noël Vercambre-Jacquot, Nathalie Billaudeau, Laurent Zavidovique, Fabien Gilbert, and Fondation d’entreprise MGEN pour la santé publique (FESP MGEN)

Subjects
03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030210 environmental & occupational health, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 3. Good health
Abstract

Contexte Des inegalites sexuees persistent dans le monde du travail, souvent en defaveur des femmes. Qu’en est-il dans l’enseignement, secteur fortement feminise ? Objectif Comparer les conditions d’exercice et le ressenti professionnel des hommes et des femmes engages dans l’enseignement en France. Methode En 2013, 2653 enseignants des 1er, 2nd degres et du superieur ont repondu a l’enquete postale nationale « Qualite de vie des enseignants ». Apres redressement et stratification sur le degre d’enseignement, cinq indicateurs prealablement dichotomises de ressenti professionnel ont ete compares entre enseignantes et enseignants au moyen de regressions logistiques univariees puis ajustees sur les facteurs de confusion potentiels (facteurs sociodemographiques et conditions d’exercice) : 1) bilan de l’experience professionnelle, 2) evolution de l’exercice du metier depuis 5 ans, 3) epuisement emotionnel, 4) depersonnalisation et 5) accomplissement au travail tels qu’evalues par le Maslach Burnout Inventory. Resultats Sur le plan des conditions d’exercice, les femmes etaient moins presentes dans les niveaux d’enseignement eleves et exercaient plus souvent a temps partiel. Elles etaient moins souvent agregees dans le 2nd degre et professeurs des universites dans le superieur et elles y enseignaient plus frequemment des disciplines litteraires que les hommes. Sur le plan du ressenti professionnel, les differences sexuees etaient moins systematiquement en defaveur des femmes. En analyse univariee, l’epuisement emotionnel etait plus eleve chez les femmes dans le 2nd degre et le superieur mais ce surrisque n’etait plus significatif dans les modeles ajustes. Par contraste, apres ajustement, les hommes etaient plus a risque de depersonnalisation dans le 1er degre (OR [95 %IC] = 1,56 [1,01–2,41]) et le 2nd degre (OR = 1,83 [1,39–2,41]). Les hommes du 2nd degre presentaient egalement une moindre satisfaction de leur experience professionnelle (OR = 0,65 [0,45–0,92]). Enfin, dans le superieur, l’accomplissement personnel des hommes etait plus faible (OR = 2,08 [1,12–3,89]). Discussion Les differences constatees de conditions d’exercice entre enseignantes et enseignants pourraient contribuer a des inegalites sexuees de salaire ou de responsabilite. Pour autant, ces differences ne se traduiraient pas unilateralement en disparites significatives de bien-etre professionnel entre hommes et femmes engages dans l’enseignement.

Published
2018
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50. Interventions de prévention et promotion de l’hygiène vocale chez les enseignants : l’expérience de la classe en question

Author

Pascale Lapie-Legouis, Fabien Gilbert, C. Loie, Cassandre Coudert, Leslie Toko-Kamga, Jérôme-Philippe Garsi, and Fondation d’entreprise MGEN pour la santé publique (FESP MGEN)

Subjects
03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030212 general & internal medicine, 030210 environmental & occupational health, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Contexte De nombreuses etudes francaises et etrangeres ont montre que, parmi les professions sollicitant de facon importante la voix, les enseignants sont particulierement exposes aux troubles vocaux. Cette prevalence elevee des troubles de la voix dans cette population precise a motive la mise en place de diverses etudes et actions de prevention. Objectif Explorer les composantes permettant de rendre compte : de l’apprentissage des participants suite a des actions de formation a l’hygiene vocale et de l’insatisfaction pour certains, en fonction de leur experience professionnelle. Proposer une reflexion sur la mise en place d’une demarche de prevention collective axee sur les troubles de la voix chez les enseignants francais. Methode Depuis 2001, la mutuelle generale de l’education nationale (MGEN), en partenariat avec le ministere de l’Education nationale, propose aux enseignants des formations a l’hygiene vocale sur le territoire francais. Un questionnaire est remis aux participants a l’issue des sessions de formation. Resultats Durant l’annee scolaire 2015–2016, 121 formations a l’hygiene vocale ont ete dispensees, permettant le recueil de 2690 questionnaires. La population retenue pour analyse (n = 2445) etait composee a 86,1 % de femmes, 35,5 % avaient moins de 30 ans , 32,0 % etaient en formation, 62,5 % affirmaient avoir deja souffert de troubles vocaux, et 18,7 % avoir deja ete en arret de travail pour ce motif. Ils etaient 88,2 % a etre satisfaits par la formation. Les repondants de moins de 30 ans se montraient plus insatisfaits que ceux de plus de 30 ans . Les enseignants les moins experimentes presentaient le plus fort risque d’insatisfaction (OR = 2,23, IC95 % = [1,10–4,50] ; p = 0,026). Le score global d’apprentissage augmentait significativement avec l’experience (p Conclusion Ces troubles frequents et invalidants rendent necessaire la mise en place de mesures de prevention et de promotion de la sante, parmi lesquelles les formations ciblees selon l’experience des participants seraient primordiales. L’utilisation d’une definition validee des troubles de la voix permettrait un meilleur reperage et une meilleure prise en charge de ceux-ci. Cette derniere est essentielle, en raison de l’impact de ces troubles sur le bien-etre personnel et professionnel des enseignants, mais aussi sur l’apprentissage des eleves.

Published
2018
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