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14 results on '"MESH: Contact Tracing"'

1. Community intervention for child tuberculosis active contact investigation and management: study protocol for a parallel cluster randomized controlled trial

Author

Martina Casenghi, Sayouba Ouedraogo, Georges Tiendrebeogo, Jennifer Cohn, Patrice Tchendjou, Anca Vasiliu, Elisabete de Carvalho, Michael Kakinda, Stavia Turyahabwe, Daniel Atwine, Peter J. Dodd, Albert Kuate Kuate, Boris Tchounga, Maryline Bonnet, Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay, Stephen M. Graham, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Epicentre Ouganda [Mbarara] [Médecins Sans Frontières], Epicentre [Paris] [Médecins Sans Frontières], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], University of Melbourne, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and Unitaid is funding the CaP TB project through EGPAF. For the CONTACT research study, EGPAF is using the funding through IRD. The funding document available with the submission of this manuscript is the letter between EGPAF and Institut Buisson Bertrand, a management center for the IRD. The funding body has no role in study design, data collection, or writing the manuscript. EGPAF (Dr Appolinaire Tiam, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, 1140, Connecticut Av. Suite 200, NW, Washington, DC 20036) is the sponsor of the trial.

Subjects
Medicine (miscellaneous), Community, Cluster randomized controlled trial, law.invention, Study Protocol, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, Health care, Clinical endpoint, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Uganda, Pharmacology (medical), MESH: Tuberculosis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, intervention, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, lcsh:R5-920, lcsh:Medicine (General), Cluster randomized, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Referral, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, Contact tracing, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Humans, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, MESH: Uganda, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, MESH: Retrospective Studies, controlled trial, medicine.disease, Pediatric tuberculosis, Community intervention, MESH: Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Family medicine, MESH: Multicenter Studies as Topic, business, Preventive therapy, Tuberculosis symptom screening
Abstract

Background There are major gaps in the management of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) contact investigation for rapid identification of active tuberculosis and initiation of preventive therapy. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a community-based intervention as compared to facility-based model for the management of children in contact with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB adults in low-resource high-burden settings. Methods/design This multicenter parallel open-label cluster randomized controlled trial is composed of three phases: I, baseline phase in which retrospective data are collected, quality of data recording in facility registers is checked, and expected acceptability and feasibility of the intervention is assessed; II, intervention phase with enrolment of index cases and contact cases in either facility- or community-based models; and III, explanatory phase including endpoint data analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and post-intervention acceptability assessment by healthcare providers and beneficiaries. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. The community-based intervention includes identification and screening of all household contacts, referral of contacts with TB-suggestive symptoms to the facility for investigation, and household initiation of preventive therapy with follow-up of eligible child contacts by community healthcare workers, i.e., all young ( Discussion This study will provide evidence of the impact of a community-based intervention on household child contact screening and management of TB preventive therapy in order to improve care and prevention of childhood TB in low-resource high-burden settings. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03832023. Registered on 6 February 2019

Published
2021

2. Early chains of transmission of COVID-19 in France, January to March 2020

Author

Juliette Paireau, Alexandra Mailles, Catherine Eisenhauer, Franck de Laval, François Delon, Paolo Bosetti, Henrik Salje, Valérie Pontiès, Simon Cauchemez, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Santé publique France, Haut-de-France [Lille, France], This work was supported by the LabEx Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IBEID) (Grant Number ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), Santé Publique France, project Theracov, the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grants 101003589 (RECOVER) and 874735 (VEO), and the National Research Agency (ANR) through the ANR-Flash call for COVID-19 (Grant ANR-20-COVI-0018)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), ANR-20-COVI-0018,TheraCoV,Dynamique virale au niveau individuel et populationnel : implications pour l'optimisation des stratégies antivirales(2020), European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020), European Project: 874735,H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD,VEO(2020), PAIREAU, Juliette, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID, Dynamique virale au niveau individuel et populationnel : implications pour l'optimisation des stratégies antivirales - - TheraCoV2020 - ANR-20-COVI-0018 - COVID-19 - VALID, Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research - RECOVER - - H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-20202020-02-14 - 2022-02-13 - 101003589 - VALID, and Versatile Emerging infectious disease Observatory - VEO - - H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD2020-01-01 - 2024-12-31 - 874735 - VALID

Subjects
MESH: Pandemics, MESH: Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Epidemiology, transmission, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, MESH: Retrospective Studies, contact tracing, secondary clinical attack rate, MESH: Contact Tracing, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Virology, Humans, MESH: COVID-19, superspreading, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, cluster, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Introduction SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread rapidly worldwide. In January 2020, a surveillance system was implemented in France for early detection of cases and their contacts to help limit secondary transmissions. Aim To use contact-tracing data collected during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic to better characterise SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods We analysed data collected during contact tracing and retrospective epidemiological investigations in France from 24 January to 30 March 2020. We assessed the secondary clinical attack rate and characterised the risk of a contact becoming a case. We described chains of transmission and estimated key parameters of spread. Results During the study period, 6,082 contacts of 735 confirmed cases were traced. The overall secondary clinical attack rate was 4.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6–4.6), increasing with age of index case and contact. Compared with co-workers/friends, family contacts were at higher risk of becoming cases (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.0) and nosocomial contacts were at lower risk (AOR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7). Of 328 infector/infectee pairs, 49% were family members. The distribution of secondary cases was highly over-dispersed: 80% of secondary cases were caused by 10% of cases. The mean serial interval was 5.1 days (interquartile range (IQR): 2–8 days) in contact tracing pairs, where late transmission events may be censored, and 6.8 (3–8) days in pairs investigated retrospectively. Conclusion This study increases knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including the importance of superspreading events during the onset of the pandemic.

Published
2022

3. Monitoring key epidemiological parameters of SARS-CoV-2 transmission

Author

Kraemer Mug., Christophe Fraser, Oliver G. Pybus, Benjamin J. Cowling, Simon Cauchemez, Andrew Rambaut, University of Oxford, Royal Veterinary College [London], University of London [London], Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Edinburgh, and The University of Hong Kong (HKU)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, MESH: Pandemics, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), MESH: Virulence, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, law.invention, MESH: Population Surveillance, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Infection Control, law, MESH: Risk Factors, Epidemiology, medicine, MESH: COVID-19, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Virus Replication, MESH: Time Factors, General Medicine, Virology, 0104 chemical sciences, Transmission (mechanics), [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Key (cryptography), business, MESH: Databases as Topic
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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4. Lessons learned from the investigation of a COVID-19 cluster in Creil, France: effectiveness of targeting symptomatic cases and conducting contact tracing around them

Author

Vincent Pommier de Santi, Anaïs Grosset-Janin, Françoise Raynaud, Franck de Laval, Marc Antoine Sanchez, Anne Couderc, Vincent Enouf, Emilie Javelle, César Destanque, Etienne Simon-Loriere, Fabrice Biot, Christelle Tong, Dinaherisoa Andriamanantena, Flavie Letois, Audrey Mérens, Olivier Ferraris, François Delon, Alexandre Allonneau, Christine Bigaillon, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Direction Générale de l'Armement, Direction Generale de l'Armement, Génomique évolutive des virus à ARN - Evolutionary genomics of RNA viruses, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pasteur International Bioresources network (PIBNet), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), COMBE, Isabelle, and Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, Attack rate, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Serology, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, COVID-19 Testing, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Medicine, MESH: COVID-19, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Middle Aged, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Respiratory infection, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Asymptomatic, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: RNA, Viral, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, RNA, Viral, France, medicine.symptom, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Serial interval, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, RT-PCR, Disease cluster, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Humans, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Research, COVID-19, MESH: Adult, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Male, MESH: France, 030104 developmental biology, Cluster, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Contact Tracing, business, Contact tracing
Abstract

Background This study presents the methods and results of the investigation into a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a professional community. Due to the limited testing capacity available in France at the time, we elaborated a testing strategy according to pre-test probability. Methods The investigation design combined active case finding and contact tracing around each confirmed case with testing of at-risk contact persons who had any evocative symptoms (n = 88). One month later, we performed serology testing to test and screen symptomatic and asymptomatic cases again (n = 79). Results Twenty-four patients were confirmed (14 with RT-PCR and 10 with serology). The attack rate was 29% (24/83). Median age was 40 (24 to 59), and the sex ratio was 15/12. Only three cases were asymptomatic (= no symptoms at all, 13%, 95% CI, 3–32). Nineteen symptomatic cases (79%, 95% CI, 63–95) presented a respiratory infection, two of which were severe. All the RT-PCR confirmed cases acquired protective antibodies. Median incubation was 4 days (from 1 to 13 days), and the median serial interval was 3 days (0 to 15). We identified pre-symptomatic transmission in 40% of this cluster, but no transmission from asymptomatic to symptomatic cases. Conclusion We report the effective use of targeted testing according to pre-test probability, specifically prioritizing symptomatic COVID-19 diagnosis and contact tracing. The asymptomatic rate raises questions about the real role of asymptomatic infected people in transmission. Conversely, pre-symptomatic contamination occurred frequently in this cluster, highlighting the need to identify, test, and quarantine asymptomatic at-risk contact persons (= contact tracing). The local lockdown imposed helped reduce transmission during the investigation period.

Published
2020

5. First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: surveillance, investigations and control measures, January 2020

Author

Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Sylvie Behillil, Clément Bassi, Alexandra Mailles, Anne Simondon, Yassoungo Silue, P. Rolland, François Xavier Lescure, Matthieu Mechain, Morgane Stempfelet, Anouk Tabaï, Clément Lazarus, Bruno Coignard, C Campese, Investigation team, Sophie Ismael, Sibylle Bernard Stoecklin, Denis Malvy, Vincent Enouf, Mathieu Nguyen, Laure Meurice, Estelle Yamani, Duc Minh Nguyen, Scarlett Georges, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency, Agence Régionale de Santé Ile-de-France [Paris] (ARS IDF), Agence Régionale de la Santé (ARS), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) [Paris] (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Bordeaux GeoSentinel Site [Bordeaux], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie Appliquée (LBMA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Direction Générale de la Santé [Paris] (DGS), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Santé publique France [Saint-Maurice, France] (French National Public Health Agency), parent-French National Public Health Agency, Investigation Team: Laurent Filleul, Stéphanie Vandentorren, Guillaume Spaccaferri, Hélène Prouvost, Mélanie Albert, Marion Barbet, Angela Brisebarre, Flora Donati, Sylvie van der Werf, Alexis Ardoin, Marion Dreyer, Karim Tararbit, Matthieu Amodeo, Elodie Couaillier, Pascal Fabre, Daniel Habold, Didier Che, Gisèle Bendjelloul, Marine Billaudelle Lallemant, Valentine Charachon, Laurène Deconinck, Diane Descamps, Sandrine Gérard, Nadirha Houhou, Quentin Le Hingrat, Isabelle Lolom, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Annabelle Pourbaix, Simon Valayer, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Alexandre Boyer, Benjamin Clouzeau, Xavier Combes, Arnaud Desclaux, Jean-Michel Dindart, Alexandre Duvignaud, Isabelle Garrigue, Didier Gruson, Marie-Edith Lafon, Pauline Perreau, Thierry Pistone, Maxime Poteau, Eric Tentillier, Pauline Mathieu., Direction des maladies infectieuses - Infectious Diseases Division [Saint-Maurice], Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Direction des régions [Saint-Maurice], Cellule Régionale Ile-de-France [Paris], Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France]-Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Agence Régionale de Santé Nouvelle-Aquitaine [Bordeaux] (ARS NA), Cellule Régionale Nouvelle-Aquitaine [Bordeaux], Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre opérationnel de réception et de régulation des urgences sanitaires et sociales [Paris], Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France]-Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Direction alerte et crise [Saint-Maurice], Investigation Team : Laurent Filleul, Stéphanie Vandentorren, Guillaume Spaccaferri, Hélène Prouvost, Mélanie Albert, Marion Barbet, Angela Brisebarre, Flora Donati, Sylvie van der Werf, Alexis Ardoin, Marion Dreyer, Karim Tararbit, Matthieu Amodeo, Elodie Couaillier, Pascal Fabre, Daniel Habold, Didier Che, Gisèle Bendjelloul, Marine Billaudelle Lallemant, Valentine Charachon, Laurène Deconinck, Diane Descamps, Sandrine Gérard, Nadirha Houhou, Quentin Le Hingrat, Isabelle Lolom, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Annabelle Pourbaix, Simon Valayer, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Alexandre Boyer, Benjamin Clouzeau, Xavier Combes, Arnaud Desclaux, Jean-Michel Dindart, Alexandre Duvignaud, Isabelle Garrigue, Didier Gruson, Marie-Edith Lafon, Pauline Perreau, Thierry Pistone, Maxime Poteau, Eric Tentillier, Pauline Mathieu, Bodescot, Myriam, and Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Epidemiology, MESH: Coronavirus Infections, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], coronavirus, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Risk Assessment, contact tracing, containment, MESH: Infection Control, 0302 clinical medicine, COVID-19, France, 2019-nCov, Surveillance, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infection control, MESH: COVID-19, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Travel, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Travel, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Transmission (medicine), Middle Aged, MESH: China, 3. Good health, Population Surveillance, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Betacoronavirus, Risk assessment, Coronavirus Infections, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, China, Pneumonia, Viral, Disease cluster, Risk Assessment, MESH: Population Surveillance, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, Virology, medicine, Humans, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, Infection Control, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Pneumonia, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Pneumonia, Viral, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Emergency medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Contact tracing
Abstract

Investigation Team : Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Cellule Régionale Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France: Laurent Filleul, Stéphanie Vandentorren.Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Cellule Régionale Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Lyon, France: Guillaume Spaccaferri.Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Cellule Régionale Hauts-de-France, Lille, France: Hélène Prouvost.Centre national de référence Virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France: Mélanie Albert, Marion Barbet, Angela Brisebarre, Flora Donati, Sylvie van der Werf.Agence Régionale de Santé Ile-de-France, Paris, France: Alexis Ardoin, Marion Dreyer, Karim Tararbit.Agence Régionale de Santé Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France: Matthieu Amodeo, Elodie Couaillier, Pascal Fabre, Daniel Habold.Santé publique France, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France: Didier Che.AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France: Gisèle Bendjelloul, Marine Billaudelle Lallemant, Valentine Charachon, Laurène Deconinck, Diane Descamps, Sandrine Gérard, Nadirha Houhou, Quentin Le Hingrat, Isabelle Lolom, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Annabelle Pourbaix, Simon Valayer, Yazdan Yazdanpanah.Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux GeoSentinel Site, Bordeaux, France: Alexandre Boyer, Benjamin Clouzeau, Xavier Combes, Arnaud Desclaux, Jean-Michel Dindart, Alexandre Duvignaud, Isabelle Garrigue, Didier Gruson, Marie-Edith Lafon, Pauline Perreau, Thierry Pistone, Maxime Poteau, Eric Tentillier.Direction Générale de la Santé, Ministère des solidarités et de la santé, Centre opérationnel de réception et de régulation des urgences sanitaires et sociales, Paris, France: Pauline Mathieu; International audience; A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) causing a cluster of respiratory infections (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, was identified on 7 January 2020. The epidemic quickly disseminated from Wuhan and as at 12 February 2020, 45,179 cases have been confirmed in 25 countries, including 1,116 deaths. Strengthened surveillance was implemented in France on 10 January 2020 in order to identify imported cases early and prevent secondary transmission. Three categories of risk exposure and follow-up procedure were defined for contacts. Three cases of COVID-19 were confirmed on 24 January, the first cases in Europe. Contact tracing was immediately initiated. Five contacts were evaluated as at low risk of exposure and 18 at moderate/high risk. As at 12 February 2020, two cases have been discharged and the third one remains symptomatic with a persistent cough, and no secondary transmission has been identified. Effective collaboration between all parties involved in the surveillance and response to emerging threats is required to detect imported cases early and to implement adequate control measures.

Published
2020

6. Transmission of Nipah Virus - 14 Years of Investigations in Bangladesh

Author

Ute Ströher, Birgit Nikolay, John D. Klena, Simon Cauchemez, Sharmin Sultana, Stephen P. Luby, Henrik Salje, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Emily S. Gurley, Sayma Afroj, Peter Daszak, Hossain M.S. Sazzad, Juliet R. C. Pulliam, M Jahangir Hossain, Mahmudur Rahman, A. K. M. Dawlat Khan, Stuart T. Nichol, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRC), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research [Dhaka, Bangladesh] (IEDCR), EcoHealth Alliance [New York], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Stellenbosch University, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, Auburn University (AU), Stanford University, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Supported by a grant (2R01-TW005869) from the National Institutes of Health, by the CDC, by support from the Laboratory of Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (to Drs. Nikolay and Cauchemez), by support from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study Initiative (to Drs. Nikolay and Cauchemez), by support from the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005) (to Drs. Nikolay, Salje, and Cauchemez), by support from the AXA Research Fund (to Drs. Nikolay and Cauchemez), and by core or unrestricted support from the governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden, and the United Kingdom., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
Male, viruses, Nipah virus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Henipavirus Infections, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Body Fluids, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Risk Factors, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Risk Factors, MESH: Child, Zoonoses, Medicine, MESH: Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Nipah Virus, Child, Henipavirus Infections, Bangladesh, MESH: Middle Aged, Transmission (medicine), Age Factors, food and beverages, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Body Fluids, MESH: Young Adult, Female, MESH: Bangladesh, MESH: Zoonoses, Disease transmission, Adult, Adolescent, Virulence, MESH: Disease Transmission, Infectious, Article, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Animals, Humans, Zoonotic pathogen, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Nipah Virus, Outbreak, MESH: Adult, Virology, MESH: Male, Contact Tracing, business, MESH: Female, Contact tracing
Abstract

International audience; BackgroundNipah virus is a highly virulent zoonotic pathogen that can be transmitted between humans. Understanding the dynamics of person-to-person transmission is key to designing effective interventions.MethodsWe used data from all Nipah virus cases identified during outbreak investigations in Bangladesh from April 2001 through April 2014 to investigate case-patient characteristics associated with onward transmission and factors associated with the risk of infection among patient contacts.ResultsOf 248 Nipah virus cases identified, 82 were caused by person-to-person transmission, corresponding to a reproduction number (i.e., the average number of secondary cases per case patient) of 0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.59). The predicted reproduction number increased with the case patient’s age and was highest among patients 45 years of age or older who had difficulty breathing (1.1; 95% CI, 0.4 to 3.2). Case patients who did not have difficulty breathing infected 0.05 times as many contacts (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.3) as other case patients did. Serologic testing of 1863 asymptomatic contacts revealed no infections. Spouses of case patients were more often infected (8 of 56 [14%]) than other close family members (7 of 547 [1.3%]) or other contacts (18 of 1996 [0.9%]). The risk of infection increased with increased duration of exposure of the contacts (adjusted odds ratio for exposure of >48 hours vs. ≤1 hour, 13; 95% CI, 2.6 to 62) and with exposure to body fluids (adjusted odds ratio, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 11).ConclusionsIncreasing age and respiratory symptoms were indicators of infectivity of Nipah virus. Interventions to control person-to-person transmission should aim to reduce exposure to body fluids. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.)

Published
2019

7. A cluster of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W among university students, France, February to May 2017

Author

Christian Merle, Eva Hong, Ibrahim Mounchetrou Njoya, Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Anne-Sophie Barret, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Clément Bassi, CIRE- Ile de France, Centre National de Référence des Méningocoques et Haemophilus influenzae - National Reference Center Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Agence Régionale de la Santé (ARS), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], We wish to thank Asmahan Batapou and Léoine Pierre, members of Public Health unit of the Health Agency in the Ile-de-France region and Annie-Claude Paty, member of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, who helped us to collect information. We are also grateful for the genomic platform PIBNEt-P2M of the Institut Pasteur. The publication also made use of the Meningitis Research Foundation Meningococcus Genome Library (http://www.meningitis.org/research/genome) developed by Public Health England, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and the University of Oxford as a collaboration., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Epidemiology, MESH: Meningococcal Infections/blood, Neisseria meningitidis, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Genotype, Molecular typing, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, cluster, MESH: Molecular Typing, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup, MESH: Paris, South American/UK strain, 3. Good health, MESH: Meningococcal Infections/diagnosis, MESH: Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup W-135/isolation & purification, Vaccination, Invasive meningococcal disease, MESH: Young Adult, South american, MESH: Whole Genome Sequencing, Rapid Communication, Paris, Fever, Genotype, education, MESH: Meningococcal Infections/microbiology, 030106 microbiology, Serogroup, Disease cluster, Microbiology, MESH: Contact Tracing, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup W-135, university, Virology, Humans, serogroup W, Students, MESH: Humans, Whole Genome Sequencing, MESH: Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup W-135/genetics, business.industry, invasive meningococcal disease, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Serogroup, MESH: Fever/etiology, MESH: Male, Meningococcal Infections, Molecular Typing, MenACWY conjugate vaccine, MESH: Students, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Contact Tracing, business, Contact tracing
Abstract

International audience; Between February and May 2017, two cases of invasive meningococcal disease caused by a new, rapidly expanding serogroup W meningococci variant were reported among students of an international university in Paris. Bacteriological investigations showed that isolates shared identical genotypic formula (W:P1.5,2:F1–1:cc11) and belonged to the South American/UK lineage. A vaccination campaign was organised that aimed at preventing new cases linked to potential persistence of the circulation of the bacteria in the students.

Published
2017

8. First cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, France, May 2013

Author

A Mailles, K Blanckaert, P Chaud, S van der Werf, B Lina, V Caro, C Campese, B Guéry, H Prouvost, X Lemaire, M C Paty, S Haeghebaert, D Antoine, N Ettahar, H Noel, S Behillil, S Hendricx, J C Manuguerra, V Enouf, G La Ruche, C Semaille, B Coignard, D Lévy-Bruhl, F Weber, C Saura, D Che, Collective The investigation team, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Antenne Régionale de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales [Lille] (ARLIN), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des virus influenzae (Grippe) (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Virologie et pathogenèse virale (VPV), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence - Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (CIBU), Université de Lille, Service maladies infectieuses [CH Douai], Centre Hospitalier [Douai, Nord], CH Valenciennes, Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (Centre National de Référence) - Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (National Reference Center) (CIBU), Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Virologie et pathologie humaine (VirPath), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and Investigation team : InVS, Saint Maurice, France: Sandrine Barquin, Fatima Belghiti, Alexandre Blake, Gabriel Bedubourg, Isabelle Bonmarin, Jérémie Carré, Carole Debreyer, Gilles Delmas, Anne Gallay, Claire Gourier-Fréry, Etienne Lucas, Roselyne Pinget, Mathieu Tourdjmann, Sarah Tubiana, Dieter Van Cauteren, Annie Velter, Manuel Zubaran. InVS, Lille, France: Audrey Andrieu, Emile Baro, Guillaume Clement. National Reference Center for influenza viruses, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Virpath, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France: Maude Bouscambert, Martine Valette. Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France: Karine Faure, Hugues Melliez, Fanny Vuotto. Centre hospitalier, Douai, France: Loubna El-Mansouf. Centre hospitalier, Valenciennes, France: Anne-Adélaide Cracco. 5www.eurosurveillance.org Regional Health Agency, Lille, France: Jean-Philippe Legendre, Sandrine Segovia-Kueny. Centre hospitalier universitaire, Tourcoing, France: Eric Senneville.

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Fatal Outcome, Adult male, Epidemiology, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MESH: Coronavirus Infections, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], United Arab Emirates, MESH: Disease Transmission, Infectious, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Contact Tracing, Fatal Outcome, Virology, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Disease Transmission, Infectious, medicine, MESH: Coronavirus, Humans, Symptom onset, Respiratory Tract Infections, Travel, Respiratory illness, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Humans, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, virus diseases, Middle Aged, MESH: Male, Coronavirus, MESH: France, MESH: United Arab Emirates, MESH: Respiratory Tract Infections, France, Contact Tracing, Coronavirus Infections, business
Abstract

International audience; In May 2013, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection was diagnosed in an adult male in France with severe respiratory illness, who had travelled to the United Arab Emirates before symptom onset. Contact tracing identified a secondary case in a patient hospitalised in the same hospital room. No other cases of MERS-CoV infection were identified among the index case’s 123 contacts, nor among 39 contacts of the secondary case, during the 10-day follow-up period.

Published
2013

9. A cluster of meningococcal disease caused by rifampicin-resistant C meningococci in France, April 2012

Author

Mounchetrou Njoya, Ibrahim, Deghmane, Ala-Eddine, Taha, Muhamed-Kheir, Isnard, H., Parent du Chatelet, I., Institut de Veille Sanitaire [Paris] (INVS), Centre National de Référence des Méningocoques et Haemophilus influenzae - National Reference Center Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
Male, Genotype, education, Meningococcal Vaccines, Cefotaxime, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B, MESH: Meningococcal Infections, MESH: Meningococcal Vaccines, MESH: Contact Tracing, MESH: Genotype, Young Adult, MESH: Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B, MESH: Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Antibiotics, Antitubercular, MESH: Antibiotics, Antitubercular, MESH: Humans, Amoxicillin, MESH: Amoxicillin, MESH: Cefotaxime, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Rifampin, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Meningococcal Infections, MESH: Multilocus Sequence Typing, MESH: Young Adult, Female, France, Contact Tracing, Rifampin, MESH: Female, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract

International audience; In April 2012, a cluster of two cases of meningococcal disease caused by rifampicin-resistant C meningococci was reported in the Champagne-Ardenne region, France. The two cases occurred in a student population living in the same town but studying at different schools. Bacteriological and epidemiological investigations of cases have shown that the isolates of both cases were non-differentiable.

Published
2012

10. Fatal case of imported human rabies in Amadora, Portugal, August 2011

Author

Laurent Dacheux, Hervé Bourhy, Etelvina Calé, João Gouveia, Paula Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Ribeiro dos Santos, Public Health Department of Amadora, Directorate-General of Health [Lisbonne], Centre Collaborateur de l'OMS pour la Rage - Dynamique des lyssavirus et adaptation à l'hôte (CC-OMS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Bites and Stings/*complications, Veterinary medicine, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Saliva/virology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, Guinea-Bissau, MESH: Animals, MESH: Guinea-Bissau, Bites and Stings, Dog Diseases, MESH: Travel, Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use, Animal Bites, Travel, 0303 health sciences, Raiva, MESH: Rabies Vaccines, virus diseases, MESH: Bites and Stings, MESH: Rabies virus, 3. Good health, Rabies Vaccines/administration & dosage, Rabies/*diagnosis/drug therapy/mortality, MESH: Portugal, post-exposure prophylaxis, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Adult, MESH: Antiviral Agents, medicine.medical_specialty, Rabies, Doenças infeciosas, MESH: Dog Diseases, 030231 tropical medicine, Dog Diseases/transmission, Antiviral Agents, Disease course, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, MESH: Rabies, Virology, medicine, Humans, Animals, MESH: Saliva, Post-exposure prophylaxis, Saliva, MESH: Humans, Portugal, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, General surgery, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Back Pain/etiology, medicine.disease, Rabies virus/genetics/*isolation & purification, Rabies Vaccines, Back Pain, Rabies virus, Guinea bissau, MESH: Back Pain, Contact Tracing, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, Contact tracing
Abstract

We report on a case of imported human rabies in Portugal, in July 2011 in a woman who presented initially complaining of back pain, without relating exposure to animal bites. She had travelled from Portugal to Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, in April where she had been bitten by a dog on 1 May. She was diagnosed with rabies on 26 July and died two weeks later in spite of being treated following the Milwaukee protocol.

Published
2012

11. Household transmission of haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with Escherichia coli O104:H4, south-western France, June 2011

Author

B Le Bihan, G. Gault, F Terrier, Yahsou Delmas, Nathalie Ong, Brigitte Llanas, Benoît Vendrely, Joana Simões, Desjardin M, Patricia Mariani-Kurkdjian, B. Aldabe, P. Rolland, Charron M, Christian Combe, C Castor, François-Xavier Weill, Cellule INVS Région Aquitaine, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de Référence - National Reference Center Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella (CNR-ESS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Militaire Robert Picqué, ARS Région Aquitaine, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Male, MESH: Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli, Epidemiology, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, law.invention, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, Escherichia coli O104:H4, law, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Index case, Escherichia coli Infections, MESH: Treatment Outcome, Family Characteristics, 0303 health sciences, Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli, MESH: Escherichia coli, MESH: Feces, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, MESH: Diarrhea, Treatment Outcome, Transmission (mechanics), MESH: Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome, Child, Preschool, France, Adult, Diarrhea, [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, Microbiology, Incubation period, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Escherichia coli, medicine, MESH: Family Characteristics, Humans, MESH: Escherichia coli Infections, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, MESH: Adult, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Male, Abdominal Pain, Cephalosporins, MESH: Abdominal Pain, MESH: France, MESH: Cephalosporins, Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Contact Tracing, Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, business
Abstract

International audience; Following the outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) on June 2011 in south-western France, household transmission due to Escherichia coli O104:H4 was suspected for two cases who developed symptoms 9 and 10 days after onset of symptoms of the index case. The analysis of exposures and of the incubation period is in favour of a secondary transmission within the family. Recommendations should be reinforced to prevent person-to-person transmission within households.

Published
2011

12. 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) outbreak in a complex of schools in Paris, France, June 2009

Author

P Y Bello, Marc Lecuit, M Csaszar-Goutchkoff, G Cheron, P Carrillo-Santisteve, Olivier Lortholary, S Renard-Dubois, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Direction Départementale des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales, Département des urgences pédiatriques [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], and We are grateful to Jean-Claude Desenclos and Anne Gallay for critiquing the manuscript. We would like to thank all the people involved in this investigation (children, their parents, all staff from the schools, clinicians from the paediatric hospital, laboratory staff and the local and regional health departments).

Subjects
Male, MESH: United Kingdom, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease Outbreaks, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, Pandemic, Outpatient clinic, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Child, MESH: Travel, Index case, media_common, Family Characteristics, Travel, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Schools, Transmission (medicine), MESH: Influenza, Human, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Child, Preschool, Female, France, Public Health, MESH: Public Health, MESH: Antiviral Agents, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Schools, media_common.quotation_subject, Antiviral Agents, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, 030225 pediatrics, Virology, Influenza, Human, MESH: Family Characteristics, medicine, Humans, Girl, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Outbreak, MESH: Retrospective Studies, Retrospective cohort study, United Kingdom, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Contact Tracing, business, MESH: Female, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; An outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1), involving 81 cases with symptoms of influenza-like illness, was confirmed in June 2009 in a complex of schools in Paris, France. At that time, there was no community transmission in France. The index case, a 10-year-old girl, had travelled to the United Kingdom with her school class. Of the 81 symptomatic cases, 35 were confirmed and 46 were probable; 48 of the cases were female. Three were adults and 78 were children (median age of the children was 7.9 years, range: 6 months to 12 years). Control measures were implemented as soon as a new case was confirmed in a school, which included active case finding among the pupils in the same class as the index case, setting up a dedicated influenza outpatient clinic that families were recommended to consult if necessary, prophylactic treatment of contacts and school closure. A retrospective study was conducted on all confirmed cases and all symptomatic cases who had consulted the dedicated outpatient clinic from 17 to 27 June 2009. Further work is needed to better define conditions under which the pandemic virus can be transmitted in schools and in households.

Published
2010

13. Transmission of Bordetella pertussis to young infants

Author

Michael A. Gerber, David P. Greenberg, Aaron M. Wendelboe, Johannes G. Liese, Annelies Van Rie, Rémy Teyssou, Daniel Floret, Emmanuel Grimprel, Nicole Guiso, Joel Gaudelus, Flor Munoz-Rivas, Elisabeth Njamkepo, Scott A. Halperin, Antoine Bourillon, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Centre National de Référence de la Coqueluche et autres bordetelloses (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Hôpital Robert Debré Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC [Etats-Unis], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, Texas Children's Hospital [Houston, USA], Sanofi Pasteur [Lyon, France], Etude ET501, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Parents, Pediatrics, Bordetella pertussis, diagnosis, Whooping Cough, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Serology, MESH: Bordetella pertussis, 0302 clinical medicine, sensitivity analysis, MESH: Child, MESH: Antibodies, Bacterial, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, transmission, Grandparent, MESH: Whooping Cough, Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, Antibodies, Bacterial, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Population study, medicine.symptom, Developed country, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, source case, Asymptomatic, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, 030225 pediatrics, asymptomatic, Humans, Whooping cough, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Parents, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Siblings, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, MESH: Adult, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Siblings, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Contact Tracing, business
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND:Pertussis vaccination has reduced the number of notified cases in industrialized countries from peak years by more than 95%. The effect of recently recommended adult and adolescent vaccination strategies on infant pertussis depends, in part, on the proportion of infants infected by adults and adolescents. This proportion, however, remains unclear, because studies have not been able to determine the source case for 47%-60% of infant cases.METHODS:A prospective international multicenter study was conducted of laboratory confirmed infant pertussis cases (aged

Published
2007

14. Lookback exercise with imported Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Senegal and France

Author

Pierre Nabeth, Arnaud Tarantola, Christian Michelet, Pierre Tattevin, Hervé Zeller, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale [Dakar, Sénégal], Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques (SeRAIC), Université de Rennes (UR), Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre collaborateur de l'OMS Arbovirus et Fièvres Hémorragiques virales - Stratégies antivirales (CC-OMS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, Pediatrics, International Cooperation, Ambulances, lcsh:Medicine, MESH: Hospitalization, 0302 clinical medicine, guidelines, MESH: Travel, 0303 health sciences, Travel, MESH: Middle Aged, hemorrhagic fever virus, Dispatch, Middle Aged, Hemorrhagic fever virus, infection control, Senegal, 3. Good health, MESH: Ambulances, Hospitalization, MESH: Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo, Transportation of Patients, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean, Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo, Female, France, viral, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, education, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Senegal, parasitic diseases, medicine, needlestick, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Intensive care medicine, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, lcsh:R, occupational exposure, medicine.disease, hemorrhagic fevers, MESH: France, MESH: International Cooperation, MESH: Transportation of Patients, Crimean-Congo, Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean, Contact Tracing, business, MESH: Female, Malaria, Contact tracing
Abstract

International audience; A patient with suspected malaria was hospitalized successively in 2 hospitals, first in Dakar, Senegal, then in Rennes, France, where tests diagnosed Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. An international incident management group was set up in France and Senegal, which traced 181 contacts and analyzed 50 samples from 3 countries. No secondary cases were identified clinically.

Published
2006

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