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22 results on '"MESH: Australia"'

1. High Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1c Proviral Loads Are Associated With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Cross-Sectional Community Survey in Central Australia

Author

Mohammad Radwanur Talukder, Richard Woodman, Hai Pham, Kim Wilson, Antoine Gessain, John Kaldor, Lloyd Einsiedel, Alice Springs Hospital, Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], National Serology Reference Laboratory, Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes / Oncogenic Virus Epidemiology and Pathophysiology (EPVO (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_3)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), and This study was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (project grant 1088517).

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), MESH: Humans, MESH: Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, diabetes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Australia, HTLV-1 proviral load, MESH: Australia, MESH: Adult, MESH: Proviruses, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, HTLV-1, MESH: HTLV-I Infections, MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Viral Load, chronic kidney disease, MESH: Leukemia, T-Cell
Abstract

Background A link between chronic inflammation and several noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has been established. Although chronic infection with the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the recognized cause of several inflammatory diseases and these are associated with a high number of HTLV-1–infected cells in peripheral blood (proviral load [PVL]), possible interactions between PVL and NCDs have not been studied at a community level. Methods Adult Aboriginal residents of 7 remote communities were invited to complete a health survey between 25 August 2014 and 30 June 2018. Blood was drawn for HTLV-1 serology and PVL, and relevant medical conditions were obtained from health records. Associations between HTLV-1 PVL and diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and coronary artery disease (CAD) were determined using logistic regression, adjusting for available confounders. Results Among 510 participants (56% of the estimated adult resident population, 922), 197 (38.6%) were HTLV-1–infected. A high HTLV-1 PVL was associated with a 2-fold increase in the odds of diabetes and CKD (diabetes, adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–3.61; P = .033 and CKD: aOR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.03–3.8; P = .041). A nonsignificant association between high PVL and CAD (aOR, 7.08; 95% CI, 1.00–50.18; P = .05) was found for participants aged Conclusions In a community-based study in central Australia, people with HTLV-1 who had high HTLV-1 PVL were more likely to have diabetes and CKD. These findings have potential clinical implications.

Published
2023

2. Association of the PHACTR1/EDN1 Genetic Locus With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection

Author

David Adlam, Timothy M. Olson, Nicolas Combaret, Jason C. Kovacic, Siiri E. Iismaa, Abtehale Al-Hussaini, Megan M. O'Byrne, Sara Bouajila, Adrien Georges, Ketan Mishra, Peter S. Braund, Valentina d’Escamard, Siying Huang, Marios Margaritis, Christopher P. Nelson, Mariza de Andrade, Daniella Kadian-Dodov, Catherine A. Welch, Stephani Mazurkiewicz, Xavier Jeunemaitre, Claire Mei Yi Wong, Eleni Giannoulatou, Michael Sweeting, David Muller, Alice Wood, Lucy McGrath-Cadell, Diane Fatkin, Sally L. Dunwoodie, Richard Harvey, Cameron Holloway, Jean-Philippe Empana, Xavier Jouven, Jeffrey W. Olin, Rajiv Gulati, Marysia S. Tweet, Sharonne N. Hayes, Nilesh J. Samani, Robert M. Graham, Pascal Motreff, Nabila Bouatia-Naji, Loïc Belle, Patrick Dupouy, Pierre Barnay, Nicolas Meneveau, Martine Gilard, Gilles Rioufol, Grégoire Range, Philippe Brunel, Nicolas Delarche, Emmanuelle Filippi, Louis Le Bivic, Brahim Harbaoui, Hakim Benamer, Guillaume Cayla, Olivier Varenne, Stephane Peggy Manzo-Silberman, Johanne Silvain, Christian Spaulding, Christophe Caussin, Edouard Gerbaud, Yann Valy, René Koning, Thibault Lhermusier, Stanislas Champin, Emmanuel Salengro, Arnaud Fluttaz, Amer Zabalawi, Yves Cottin, Emmanuel Teiger, Christophe Saint-Etienne, Grégory Ducrocq, Stéphanie Marliere, Emmanuel Boiffard, Pierre Aubry, Jean Louis Georges, Didier Bresson, Fabien De Poli, Gaëtan Karrillon, Vincent Roule, Laurent Bali, Mathieu Valla, Antoine Gerbay, David Houpe, Olivier Dubreuil, Arsène Monnier, Norbert Mayaud, Aurélie Manchuelle, Philippe Commeau, Marc Bedossa, Majid Nikpay, Anuj Goel, Hong-Hee Won, Leanne M. Hall, Christina Willenborg, Stavroula Kanoni, Danish Saleheen, Theodosios Kyriakou, Jemma C. Hopewell, Thomas R. Webb, Lingyao Zeng, Abbas Dehghan, Maris Alver, Sebastian M. Armasu, Kirsi Auro, Andrew Bjonnes, Daniel I. Chasman, Shufeng Chen, Ian Ford, Nora Franceschini, Christian Gieger, Christopher Grace, Stefan Gustafsson, Jie Huang, Shih-Jen Hwang, Yun Kyoung Kim, Marcus E. Kleber, King Wai Lau, Xiangfeng Lu, Yingchang Lu, Leo P. Lyytikäinen, Evelin Mihailov, Alanna Morrison, Natalia Pervjakova, Liming Qu, Lynda M. Rose, Elias Salfati, Richa Saxena, Markus Scholz, Albert V. Smith, Emmi Tikkanen, Andre Uitterlinden, Xueli Yang, Weihua Zhang, Wei Zhao, Paul S. de Vries, Natalie R. van Zuydam, Sonia S. Anand, Lars Bertram, Frank Beutner, George Dedoussis, Philippe Frossard, Dominique Gauguier, Alison H. Goodall, Omri Gottesman, Marc Haber, Bok-Ghee Han, Jianfeng Huang, Shapour Jalilzadeh, Thorsten Kessler, Inke R. König, Lars Lannfelt, Wolfgang Lieb, Lars Lind, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Maisa Lokki, Patrik K. Magnusson, Nadeem H. Mallick, Narinder Mehra, Thomas Meitinger, Fazal-ur-Rehman Memon, Andrew P. Morris, Markku S. Nieminen, Nancy L. Pedersen, Annette Peters, Loukianos S. Rallidis, Asif Rasheed, Maria Samuel, Svati H. Shah, Juha Sinisalo, Kathleen E. Stirrups, Stella Trompet, Laiyuan Wang, Khan S. Zaman, Diego Ardissino, Eric Boerwinkle, Ingrid B. Borecki, Erwin P. Bottinger, Julie E. Buring, John C. Chambers, Rory Collins, L Adrienne Cupples, John Danesh, Ilja Demuth, Roberto Elosua, Stephen E. Epstein, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Oscar H. Franco, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Christopher B. Granger, Dongfeng Gu, Vilmundur Gudnason, Alistair S. Hall, Anders Hamsten, Tamara B. Harris, Stanley L. Hazen, Christian Hengstenberg, Albert Hofman, Erik Ingelsson, Carlos Iribarren, J Wouter Jukema, Pekka J. Karhunen, Bong-Jo Kim, Jaspal S. Kooner, Iftikhar J. Kullo, Terho Lehtimäki, Ruth J. Loos, Olle Melander, Andres Metspalu, Winfried März, Colin N. Palmer, Markus Perola, Thomas Quertermous, Daniel J. Rader, Paul M. Ridker, Samuli Ripatti, Robert Roberts, Veikko Salomaa, Dharambir K. Sanghera, Stephen M. Schwartz, Udo Seedorf, Alexandre F. Stewart, David J. Stott, Joachim Thiery, Pierre A. Zalloua, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Muredach P. Reilly, Themistocles L. Assimes, John R. Thompson, Jeanette Erdmann, Robert Clarke, Hugh Watkins, Sekar Kathiresan, Ruth McPherson, Panos Deloukas, Heribert Schunkert, Martin Farrall, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, Mayo Clinic [Rochester], Service de Cardiologie Maladies Vasculaires [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), St. Vincent’s Clinical School [Sydney, Australia], UNSW Faculty of Medicine [Sydney], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW)-University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Department of Health Sciences Research [Mayo Clinic] (HSR), Mayo Clinic, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de génétique [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau [Nîmes] (CHU Nîmes), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Myocardial infarction, Coronary Vessel Anomalies, Fibromuscular dysplasia, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Internal medicine, medicine, Prevalence, Fibromuscular Dysplasia, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Vascular Diseases, Artery dissection, MESH: Australia, United Kingdom, USA, Coronary Vessel Anomalies / epidemiology, Endothelin-1 / genetics, Microfilament proteins / genetics, Genetic association, Aged, Endothelin-1, business.industry, Microfilament Proteins, Australia, Cardiovascular disease in women, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, R1, United States, 3. Good health, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Genetic Loci, Case-Control Studies, Cardiology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, France, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Scad, business
Abstract

Background: \ud Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized cause of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) afflicting predominantly younger to middle-aged women. Observational studies have reported a high prevalence of extracoronary vascular anomalies, especially fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and a low prevalence of coincidental cases of atherosclerosis. PHACTR1/EDN1 is a genetic risk locus for several vascular diseases, including FMD and coronary artery disease, with the putative causal noncoding variant at the rs9349379 locus acting as a potential enhancer for the endothelin-1 (EDN1) gene.\ud \ud Objectives: \ud This study sought to test the association between the rs9349379 genotype and SCAD.\ud \ud Methods: \ud Results from case control studies from France, United Kingdom, United States, and Australia were analyzed to test the association with SCAD risk, including age at first event, pregnancy-associated SCAD (P-SCAD), and recurrent SCAD.\ud \ud Results: \ud The previously reported risk allele for FMD (rs9349379-A) was associated with a higher risk of SCAD in all studies. In a meta-analysis of 1,055 SCAD patients and 7,190 controls, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50 to 1.86) per copy of rs9349379-A. In a subset of 491 SCAD patients, the OR estimate was found to be higher for the association with SCAD in patients without FMD (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.53 to 2.33) than in SCAD cases with FMD (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.99). There was no effect of genotype on age at first event, P-SCAD, or recurrence.\ud \ud Conclusions: \ud The first genetic risk factor for SCAD was identified in the largest study conducted to date for this condition. This genetic link may contribute to the clinical overlap between SCAD and FMD.

Published
2019

3. Microbial dark matter filling the niche in hypersaline microbial mats

Author

Pieter T. Visscher, Brendan P. Burns, Richard A. White, Hon Lun Wong, Fraser I. MacLeod, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Australian Centre for Astrobiology, RAW Molecular Systems LLC, Departments of Marine Sciences and Geoscience, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Salinity, Microorganism, Niche, MESH: Australia, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbial ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial ecology, Dissimilatory sulfate reduction, MESH: Ecosystem, Ecosystem, Microbial mat, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Bacteria, biology, 030306 microbiology, Phylum, Ecology, Research, RuBisCO, Australia, MESH: Metagenome, biology.organism_classification, Archaea, MESH: Bacteria, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Archaea, biology.protein, lcsh:QR100-130, Metagenome, Eukaryote, MESH: Salinity
Abstract

Background Shark Bay, Australia, harbours one of the most extensive and diverse systems of living microbial mats that are proposed to be analogs of some of the earliest ecosystems on Earth. These ecosystems have been shown to possess a substantial abundance of uncultivable microorganisms. These enigmatic microbes, jointly coined as ‘microbial dark matter’ (MDM), are hypothesised to play key roles in modern microbial mats. Results We reconstructed 115 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) affiliated to MDM, spanning 42 phyla. This study reports for the first time novel microorganisms (Zixibacterial order GN15) putatively taking part in dissimilatory sulfate reduction in surface hypersaline settings, as well as novel eukaryote signature proteins in the Asgard archaea. Despite possessing reduced-size genomes, the MDM MAGs are capable of fermenting and degrading organic carbon, suggesting a role in recycling organic carbon. Several forms of RuBisCo were identified, allowing putative CO2 incorporation into nucleotide salvaging pathways, which may act as an alternative carbon and phosphorus source. High capacity of hydrogen production was found among Shark Bay MDM. Putative schizorhodopsins were also identified in Parcubacteria, Asgard archaea, DPANN archaea, and Bathyarchaeota, allowing these members to potentially capture light energy. Diversity-generating retroelements were prominent in DPANN archaea that likely facilitate the adaptation to a dynamic, host-dependent lifestyle. Conclusions This is the first study to reconstruct and describe in detail metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) affiliated with microbial dark matter in hypersaline microbial mats. Our data suggests that these microbial groups are major players in these systems. In light of our findings, we propose H2, ribose and CO/CO2 as the main energy currencies of the MDM community in these mat systems.

Published
2020

4. Very high prevalence of infection with the human T cell leukaemia virus type 1c in remote Australian Aboriginal communities: Results of a large cross-sectional community survey

Author

Lloyd Einsiedel, Hai Pham, Mohammad Radwanur Talukder, Kerry Taylor, Kim Wilson, John Kaldor, Antoine Gessain, Richard Woodman, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AUSTRALIA), Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, University of Queensland [Brisbane], National Serology Reference Laboratory, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], and This project was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (project grant 1088517)(awarded to LE, KW, KT, and AG).

Subjects
RNA viruses, Male, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Eye Diseases, Physiology, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RC955-962, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical Locations, MESH: Proviruses, White Blood Cells, Medical Conditions, Proviruses, Animal Cells, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Child, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, Child, MESH: Aged, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, MESH: Middle Aged, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Body Fluids, Blood, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, MESH: Young Adult, Viral Pathogens, Child, Preschool, Viruses, Female, MESH: Lymphoma, T-Cell, Pathogens, Anatomy, Cellular Types, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, MESH: Viral Load, Research Article, Skin Infections, Adult, Adolescent, Immune Cells, Oceania, Immunology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, MESH: Australia, Dermatology, Lymphoma, T-Cell, Microbiology, Skin Diseases, Young Adult, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, MESH: HTLV-I Infections, Retroviruses, Humans, MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires, Microbial Pathogens, MESH: Prevalence, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Blood Cells, MESH: Humans, MESH: Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, Biology and life sciences, MESH: Child, Preschool, Organisms, Australia, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, Htlv-1, Cell Biology, HTLV-I Infections, MESH: Male, Ophthalmology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Medical Risk Factors, People and Places, MESH: Female
Abstract

Infection with the human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) subtype C is endemic among Aboriginal people in central Australia. To provide insights into the risk factors for transmission, we conducted the first large-scale, community-based prevalence study in seven remote Aboriginal communities. Residents >2 years old were invited to participate in the study between August 2014 and June 2018. HTLV-1 infection was defined as a positive western blot (WB) test or a positive HTLV-1 PCR. 720 community residents participated in the study (children, Author summary In the first large scale community study of HTLV-1 prevalence in central Australia we found an adult prevalence of 36.8%, the highest reported worldwide. Prevalence increased with age suggesting that sexual contact may be the predominant mode of transmission. Although a wide range of HTLV-1 proviral loads was found, in nearly 40% of participants this exceeded 1000 copies per 105 peripheral blood leukocytes, a level that has been associated with an increased risk of chronic lung disease and death in this population. The median PVL for participants who were symptomatic with HTLV-1 associated inflammatory diseases was 1.34 log10 higher than that of those who were asymptomatic. These data demand a public health initiative to reduce HTLV-1 transmission among Aboriginal Australians.

Published
2021

5. Occupational solvent exposure and risk of glioma in the INTEROCC study

Author

Klaus Schlaefer, Martie van Tongeren, Daniel Krewski, Jack Siemiatycki, Maria Blettner, Geza Benke, Jordi Figuerola, Sarah Fleming, Martine Hours, Elisabeth Cardis, Michelle C. Turner, Lesley Richardson, Laurel Kincl, Marie-Élise Parent, Siegal Sadetzki, Brigitte Schlehofer, David McLean, Monash University [Clayton], Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], University of Leeds, Oregon State University (OSU), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Institute of Occupational Medicine [Edinburgh] (IOM), University of Manchester [Manchester], Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), This work was funded by the National Institutes for Health (NIH) Grant No. 1R01CA124759-01. Coding of the French occupational data was in part funded by AFSSET (Convention No. ST-2005-004). The INTERPHONE study was supported by funding from the European Fifth Framework Program, ‘Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources’ (contract 100 QLK4-CT-1999901563) and the International Union against Cancer (UICC). The UICC received funds for this purpose from the Mobile Manufacturers’ Forum and GSM Association. In Australia, funding was received from the Australian National Health and Medical Research 5 Council (EME Grant 219129) with funds originally derived from mobile phone service licence fees, a University of Sydney Medical Foundation Program, the Cancer Council NSW and The Cancer Council Victoria. In Canada, funding was received from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (project MOP-42525), the Canada Research Chair programme, the Guzzo-Cancer Research Society Chair in Environment and Cancer, the Fonds de la recherche en sante du Quebec, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the latter including partial support from the Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association, and the NSERC/SSHRC/McLaughlin Chair in Population Health Risk Assessment at the University of Ottawa. In France, funding was received by l’Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) (Contrat N85142) and three network operators (Orange, SFR, Bouygues Telecom). In Germany, funding was received from the German Mobile Phone Research Program (Deutsches Mobilfunkforschungsprogramm) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nuclear 45 Safety, and Nature Protection, the Ministry for the Environment and Traffic of the state of Baden-Wurttemberg, the Ministry for the Environment of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, and the MAIFOR Program (Mainzer Forschungsforderungsprogramm) of the University of Mainz. In New Zealand, funding was provided by the Health Research Council, Hawkes Bay Medical Research Foundation, the Wellington Medical Research Foundation, the Waikato Medical Research Foundation and the Cancer Society of New Zealand. Additional funding for the UK study was received from the Mobile Telecommunications, Health and Research (MTHR) program, funding from the Health and Safety Executive, the Department of Health, the UK Network Operators (O2, Orange, T-Mobile, Vodafone, ‘3’) and the Scottish Executive. Michelle C Turner was funded by a Government of Canada Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship., European Project: 1999901563,QLK4-CT, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), and Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv]

Subjects
Male, Oncology, MESH: United Kingdom, Cancer Research, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Neoplasm Grading, MESH: Solvents, MESH: Occupational Exposure, MESH: Glioma, Tumor grade, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, MESH: New Zealand, MESH: Risk Factors, Germany, Odds Ratio, Israel, Young adult, MESH: Aged, Occupation, MESH: Middle Aged, Brain Neoplasms, Age Factors, MESH: Israel, Glioma, Middle Aged, 030210 environmental & occupational health, MESH: Case-Control Studies, 3. Good health, MESH: Young Adult, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Solvent, MESH: Brain Neoplasms, Female, France, Adult, Canada, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Case–control study, Job-exposure matrix, MESH: Australia, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, MESH: Sex Factors, MESH: Canada, Occupational Exposure, Internal medicine, medicine, Journal Article, Humans, MESH: Germany, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Australia, Case-control study, MESH: Adult, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, Confidence interval, MESH: Male, MESH: Odds Ratio, MESH: France, chemistry, Case-Control Studies, Solvents, Neoplasm Grading, Solvent exposure, business, MESH: Female, New Zealand
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aetiology of glioma remains largely unknown. Occupational solvent exposure has been suggested as a putative cause of glioma, but past studies have been inconsistent. We examined the association between a range of solvents and glioma risk within the INTEROCC project, a study of brain tumours and occupational exposures based on data from seven national case-control studies conducted in the framework of the INTERPHONE study. We also investigated associations according to tumour grade.METHODS: Data from the seven countries were standardised and then combined into one aggregate data set. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for adjusted models that included sex, age, country-region of residence and level of educational attainment. Exposures to any solvent or 11 specific solvents or subgroups were assessed using a modified version of the FINJEM job exposure matrix (JEM) specifically developed for the study, called INTEROCC-JEM.RESULTS: Analysis included 2000 glioma cases and 5565 controls. For glioma and ever/never exposure to any solvent, the OR was 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.74-1.11). All ORs were CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show no consistent associations for any solvent exposures overall or by grade of tumour.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication 14 September 2017; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.285 www.bjcancer.com.

Published
2017

6. Incidence and mechanisms of cardiorespiratory arrests in epilepsy monitoring units (MORTEMUS): a retrospective study

Author

Louis Maillard, Lisa M. Bateman, Meng Tan, Elson L. So, Hans Høgenhaven, Andrew Bleasel, Barbara A. Dworetzky, Sylvain Rheims, Arielle Crespel, Torbjörn Tomson, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, Michael A. Nitsche, Holger Lerche, Philippe Ryvlin, Samden D. Lhatoo, Paul Boon, Bernard Sadzot, Lina Nashef, James X. Tao, Mark C. Spitz, Ekaterina Pataraia, Cécile Marchal, Jonathan M. Bird, Terje Rabben, Jagarlapudi M K Murthy, Michael P. Malter, Anna Szucs, Masud Seyal, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Multimodal Et Pluridisciplinaire en imagerie du vivant (CERMEP - imagerie du vivant), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-CHU Grenoble-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU Saint-Etienne-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Service d'explorations neurologiques et épileptologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie Fonctionnelle et d'Épileptologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut des Epilepsies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (IDEE), CHU Lyon, Epilepsy Centre, University Hospital Freiburg, Centre d'Exploration et de Recherche Médicales par Émission de Positons (CERMEP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-CHU Grenoble-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU Saint-Etienne-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
Male, MESH: Heart Arrest, Neurology, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, MESH: New Zealand, MESH: Child, MESH: Incidence, Israel, Young adult, Child, Cause of death, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH: Israel, Middle Aged, MESH: Seizures, 3. Good health, Europe, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Epilepsy, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Hospital Units, Hospital Units, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Australia, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Seizures, medicine, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Retrospective Studies, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Australia, Cardiac arrhythmia, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, MESH: Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Retrospective cohort study, Cardiorespiratory fitness, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Heart Arrest, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Emergency medicine, MESH: Europe, Neurology (clinical), business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, New Zealand
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in people with chronic refractory epilepsy. Very rarely, SUDEP occurs in epilepsy monitoring units, providing highly informative data for its still elusive pathophysiology. The MORTEMUS study expanded these data through comprehensive evaluation of cardiorespiratory arrests encountered in epilepsy monitoring units worldwide. METHODS: Between Jan 1, 2008, and Dec 29, 2009, we did a systematic retrospective survey of epilepsy monitoring units located in Europe, Israel, Australia, and New Zealand, to retrieve data for all cardiorespiratory arrests recorded in these units and estimate their incidence. Epilepsy monitoring units from other regions were invited to report similar cases to further explore the mechanisms. An expert panel reviewed data, including video electroencephalogram (VEEG) and electrocardiogram material at the time of cardiorespiratory arrests whenever available. FINDINGS: 147 (92%) of 160 units responded to the survey. 29 cardiorespiratory arrests, including 16 SUDEP (14 at night), nine near SUDEP, and four deaths from other causes, were reported. Cardiorespiratory data, available for ten cases of SUDEP, showed a consistent and previously unrecognised pattern whereby rapid breathing (18-50 breaths per min) developed after secondary generalised tonic-clonic seizure, followed within 3 min by transient or terminal cardiorespiratory dysfunction. Where transient, this dysfunction later recurred with terminal apnoea occurring within 11 min of the end of the seizure, followed by cardiac arrest. SUDEP incidence in adult epilepsy monitoring units was 5*1 (95% CI 2*6-9*2) per 1000 patient-years, with a risk of 1*2 (0*6-2*1) per 10,000 VEEG monitorings, probably aggravated by suboptimum supervision and possibly by antiepileptic drug withdrawal. INTERPRETATION: SUDEP in epilepsy monitoring units primarily follows an early postictal, centrally mediated, severe alteration of respiratory and cardiac function induced by generalised tonic-clonic seizure, leading to immediate death or a short period of partly restored cardiorespiratory function followed by terminal apnoea then cardiac arrest. Improved supervision is warranted in epilepsy monitoring units, in particular during night time. FUNDING: Commission of European Affairs of the International League Against Epilepsy.

Published
2013

7. Structure and function of an insect α-carboxylesterase (αEsterase7) associated with insecticide resistance

Author

Paul D. Carr, Faisal Younus, Jian-Wei Liu, Robyn J. Russell, Chris M. Coppin, Tamara Meirelles, John G. Oakeshott, David L. Ollis, Mathilde Lethier, Martin Weik, Gunjan Pandey, Colin J. Jackson, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University (ANU), Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions [Grenoble] (UVHCI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] (EMBL)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), CSIRO - Land & Water National Research Flagship, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075 ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] (EMBL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Insecticides, Drug Resistance, MESH: Protein Structure, Secondary, MESH: Catalytic Domain, Genes, Insect, MESH: Genes, Insect, Crystallography, X-Ray, 01 natural sciences, Protein Structure, Secondary, Carboxylesterase, Substrate Specificity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Catalytic Domain, MESH: Animals, MESH: Carboxylesterase, Phosphorylation, directed evolution, MESH: Diptera, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], MESH: Sheep Diseases, Organophosphate, Biological Sciences, Directed evolution, Acetylcholinesterase, Biochemistry, Lucilia cuprina, MESH: Drug Resistance, ali-esterase, MESH: Australia, Sheep Diseases, MESH: Sheep, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, Enzyme substrate complex, Sheep, MESH: Phosphorylation, Diptera, Australia, Active site, protein engineering, MESH: Acetylcholinesterase, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Crystallography, X-Ray, MESH: Insecticides, 010602 entomology, Enzyme, chemistry, biology.protein, MESH: Substrate Specificity
Abstract

Insect carboxylesterases from the α Esterase gene cluster, such as αE7 (also known as E3) from the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina ( Lc αE7), play an important physiological role in lipid metabolism and are implicated in the detoxification of organophosphate (OP) insecticides. Despite the importance of OPs to agriculture and the spread of insect-borne diseases, the molecular basis for the ability of α-carboxylesterases to confer OP resistance to insects is poorly understood. In this work, we used laboratory evolution to increase the thermal stability of Lc αE7, allowing its overexpression in Escherichia coli and structure determination. The crystal structure reveals a canonical α/β-hydrolase fold that is very similar to the primary target of OPs (acetylcholinesterase) and a unique N-terminal α-helix that serves as a membrane anchor. Soaking of Lc αE7 crystals in OPs led to the capture of a crystallographic snapshot of Lc αE7 in its phosphorylated state, which allowed comparison with acetylcholinesterase and rationalization of its ability to protect insects against the effects of OPs. Finally, inspection of the active site of Lc αE7 reveals an asymmetric and hydrophobic substrate binding cavity that is well-suited to fatty acid methyl esters, which are hydrolyzed by the enzyme with specificity constants (∼10 6 M −1 s −1 ) indicative of a natural substrate.

Published
2013

8. A Random Walk in the Park: An Individual-Based Null Model for Behavioral Thermoregulation

Author

Lin Schwarzkopf, Mathew Vickers, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY TOWNSVILLE AUS, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, MESH: Australia, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Body Temperature Regulation / physiology, Econometrics, Animals, MESH: Animals, MESH: Ecosystem, Proxy (statistics), MESH: Models, Theoretical, ectotherm, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, Tropical Climate, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, Null model, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Null (mathematics), MESH: Lizards / physiology, Australia, temperature, Lizards, MESH: Behavior, Animal / physiology, Thermoregulation, Models, Theoretical, Random walk, MESH: Temperature, reptile, Habitat, Ectotherm, Metric (mathematics), MESH: Tropical Climate, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, thermal performance, heterogeneity, Body Temperature Regulation
Abstract

International audience; Behavioral thermoregulators leverage environmental temperature to control their body temperature. Habitat thermal quality therefore dictates the difficulty and necessity of precise thermoregulation, and the quality of behavioral thermoregulation in turn impacts organism fitness via the thermal dependence of performance. Comparing the body temperature of a thermoregulator with a null (non-thermoregulating) model allows us to estimate habitat thermal quality and the effect of behavioral thermoregulation on body temperature. We define a null model for behavioral thermoregulation that is a random walk in a temporally and spatially explicit thermal landscape. Predicted body temperature is also integrated through time, so recent body temperature history, environmental temperature, and movement influence current body temperature; there is no particular reliance on an organism's equilibrium temperature. We develop a metric called thermal benefit that equates body temperature to thermally dependent performance as a proxy for fitness. We measure thermal quality of two distinct tropical habitats as a temporally dynamic distribution that is an ergodic property of many random walks, and we compare it with the thermal benefit of real lizards in both habitats. Our simple model focuses on transient body temperature; as such, using it we observe such subtleties as shifts in the thermoregulatory effort and investment of lizards throughout the day, from thermoregulators to thermoconformers.

Published
2016

9. Family cancer history and risk of brain tumors in children: results of the SEARCH international brain tumor study

Author

Elizabeth A. Holly, Rafael Peris-Bonet, Julian Little, Graziella Filippini, Susan Searles Nielsen, Beth A. Mueller, Susan Preston-Martin, Paige M. Bracci, Flora Lubin, Margaret R. E. McCredie, Sylvaine Cordier, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California (USC), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction Chez l'Homme et les Mammiferes (GERHM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Instituto Neurologico C. Besta, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, This work was supported by Grant CA 47082 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In Seattle, this work was also supported by the Cancer Surveillance System of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, funded by contract N01-CN-05230 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute with additional support from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. Dr. Searles Nielsen's participation in this project was supported in part by grant number ES07262 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH. In Los Angeles, cancer incidence data were collected under contracts 050 (C-G)- 8709 from the State of California Department of Health Services, support to conduct the study was provided by Grant CA17054 from NIH and from grant 5 P30 ES07048-06 from the NIEHS, NIH. In San Francisco, support to conduct the study was provided by NIH Grant CA47082. In Milan, support was provided by the National Research Council Oncology project (8687CNR) and Associazione Italiana Ricerca Cancro (8889AIRC). The National Childhood Cancer Registry of Spain is in the ISCIII-RTIC RD06/0020, and has partial support from the Villavecchia Foundation and the Scientific Foundation of the AECC., and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, Cancer Research, Pediatrics, Heredity, Family Cancer History, medicine.disease_cause, Tuberous sclerosis, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, Epidemiology, Odds Ratio, 030212 general & internal medicine, Israel, Family history, Child, Children, Hematology, Brain Neoplasms, MESH: Israel, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH: Case-Control Studies, 3. Good health, Europe, Oncology, Child, Preschool, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Brain Neoplasms, Female, Canada, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Australia, Brain tumor, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Nervous system neoplasms, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Canada, Internal medicine, MESH: United States, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Neurofibromatosis, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, Australia, medicine.disease, United States, MESH: Male, MESH: Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, MESH: Europe, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVE: To examine whether childhood brain tumors (CBTs) are associated with a family history of brain tumors or other cancers in an international case-control study. METHODS: Cancers in children's first- and second-degree relatives were ascertained by interview with parents of 620 children with astroglial tumors, 255 with primitive neuroectodermal tumors, 324 with other CBTs, and 2,218 controls from Australia, Canada, France, Israel, Italy, Spain, and the US. These were used with histories of neurofibromatosis or tuberous sclerosis to exclude in subanalyses children with Li-Fraumeni or other hereditary syndromes predisposing to brain tumors. RESULTS: A first- or second-degree relative of 4% of children with astroglial tumors, 6% with PNET, 5% with other CBTs, and 5% of controls had had a brain tumor. Any potential differences were statistically non-significant, including when focusing on relatives diagnosed in childhood. In the US, where anatomical sites of relatives' other cancers were known, CBT occurrence was not associated with any other specific site. Results were not markedly altered by exclusion of children with hereditary syndromes. CONCLUSION: Consistent with most prior studies using these methods, we observed no strong relationship between CBT occurrence and cancers in family members.

Published
2008

10. A reliability assessment of a direct-observation park evaluation tool: the Parks, activity and recreation among kids (PARK) tool

Author

Madeleine E. Bird, Tracie A. Barnett, Andraea Van Hulst, Geetanjali D. Datta, Yan Kestens, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and The QUALITY study is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, as well as the Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec. The QUALITY Residential and School Built Environment complementary studies were funded by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, respectively. MEB is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Doctoral Research Award. GDD holds a Career Development Award inPrevention from the Research Institute of the Canadian Cancer Society. AVH is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. YK holds the CIHR Applied Public Health Chair in Urban Interventions and Population Health. TAB is a Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec research scholar.

Subjects
Geographic information system, MESH: Environment Design, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Parks, Recreational, Applied psychology, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Poison control, 02 engineering and technology, Level design, MESH: Observer Variation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Residence Characteristics, Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Obesity, Medicine, MESH: Residence Characteristics, 030212 general & internal medicine, Reliability (statistics), media_common, Observer Variation, MESH: Parks, Recreational, 021107 urban & regional planning, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Young Adult, Research Article, Adult, Canada, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, MESH: Australia, Audit, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, MESH: Canada, Environmental health, Humans, Quality (business), Family, Obesity, MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Family, Recreation, Exercise, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Australia, Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Adult, MESH: Exercise, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, MESH: Recreation, Environment Design, Biostatistics, business
Abstract

Background Parks are increasingly being viewed as a resource that may influence youth obesity and physical activity (PA). Assessing park quality can be challenging as few tools assess park characteristics geared towards youth PA. Additionally, no studies have compared reliability estimates of items assessed in different countries, hindering aims towards generalizable park audit items. Finally, new satellite imaging technology is allowing for desktop identification of parks, however it remains unclear how this compares to direct observation park identification. The purpose of this study is 1) to describe the development and reliability of a youth-oriented direct-observation park audit tool tested in Montreal, Canada, and; 2) to compare reliability estimates of items with those drawn from a tool previously tested in Perth, Australia, with those same items tested in Montreal, Canada. Methods Items were drawn and adapted from two existing tools and 13 new items were newly developed for a total of 92 items. Parks were pre-identified using a GIS software and then verified and audited on-site by observers. A total of 576 parks were evaluated. Cohen’s kappa and percent agreement were used to assess the inter- and intra-rater reliability of each item. Inter-rater reliabilities of 17 items drawn from a tool previously tested in Australia were compared. Results Eighty-six percent of items had ≥ 75 % agreement and 83 % had kappa coefficients between 0.41 and 1. Among 40 test-retest episodes kappa agreement was relatively high (≥ 0.40) for all but four items. Percent agreement was excellent (≥ 75 % agreement) for all but eight items. Inter-rater reliability estimates of the 17 items tested in Montreal and Perth were of similar magnitude. Conclusions The tool is generally reliable and can be used to assess park characteristics that may be associated with youth PA. The items tested in Montreal and Perth are likely generalizable to other urban environments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2209-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2015

11. An immunomodulatory peptide related to frenatin 2 from skin secretions of the Tyrrhenian painted frog Discoglossus sardus (Alytidae)

Author

Conlon, J Michael, Mechkarska, Milena, Pantic, Jelena, Lukic, Miodrag, Coquet, Laurent, Leprince, Jérôme, Nielsen, Per, Rinaldi, Andrea, Conlon, J. Michael, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UAE University, Polymères, biopolymères, membranes (PBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Neuroendocrinologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine (DC2N), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)

Subjects
MESH: Interleukin-12, Physiology, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Interleukin-1beta, MESH: Anura, Stimulation, Peptide, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Adaptive Immunity, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Anti-Infective Agents, MESH: Interleukin-1beta, MESH: Amphibian Proteins, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], MESH: Animals, Alytidae, Skin, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Peptides, Protein primary structure, Interleukin-12, Discoglossus, Anura, MESH: Macrophages, Peritoneal, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Anti-Infective Agents, MESH: Australia, Biology, Amphibian Proteins, Proinflammatory cytokine, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, MESH: Skin, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Mass Spectrometry, Edman degradation, Bacteria, Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Australia, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, MESH: Interleukin-6, MESH: Bacteria, chemistry, MESH: Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Painted frog, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Macrophages, Peritoneal, Peptides, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Adaptive Immunity
Abstract

International audience; Norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the Tyrrhenian painted frog Discoglossus sardus Tschudi, 1837 (Alytidae) did not contain any peptide with antimicrobial or hemolytic activity. However, peptidomic analysis of the secretions revealed the presence of an abundant peptide with structural similarity to frenatin 2, previously isolated from the Australian frog Litoria infrafrenata (Hylidae). The primary structure of the peptide, termed frenatin 2D, was established as DLLGTLGNLPLPFI.NH2 by automated Edman degradation and mass spectrometry with electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based fragmentation and confirmed by chemical synthesis. The structure of a second frenatin 2-related peptide, termed frenatin 2.1D, that was present in much lower abundance was established as GTLGNLPAPFPG. Frenatin 2D (20 μg/ml) significantly stimulated production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α (P

Published
2012

12. De novo metagenomic assembly reveals abundant novel major lineage of Archaea in hypersaline microbial communities

Author

Sheila Podell, Priya Narasingarao, Jochen J. Brocks, Joanne B. Emerson, Karla B. Heidelberg, Céline Brochier-Armanet, Jillian F. Banfield, Eric E. Allen, Juan A. Ugalde, Bioinformatique, phylogénie et génomique évolutive (BPGE), Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Salinity, MESH: Genome, Archaeal, Victoria, Lineage (evolution), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Australia, Euryarchaeota, MESH: Euryarchaeota, Microbiology, Nanohaloarchaea, 03 medical and health sciences, Genome, Archaeal, Phylogenetics, MESH: Victoria, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, biology, 030306 microbiology, Ecology, Australia, biology.organism_classification, Halophile, Lakes, Microbial population biology, Metagenomics, Original Article, MESH: Lakes, MESH: Metagenomics, MESH: Salinity, Archaea
Abstract

International audience; This study describes reconstruction of two highly unusual archaeal genomes by de novo metagenomic assembly of multiple, deeply sequenced libraries from surface waters of Lake Tyrrell (LT), a hypersaline lake in NW Victoria, Australia. Lineage-specific probes were designed using the assembled genomes to visualize these novel archaea, which were highly abundant in the 0.1-0.8 μm size fraction of lake water samples. Gene content and inferred metabolic capabilities were highly dissimilar to all previously identified hypersaline microbial species. Distinctive characteristics included unique amino acid composition, absence of Gvp gas vesicle proteins, atypical archaeal metabolic pathways and unusually small cell size (approximately 0.6 μm diameter). Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that these organisms belong to a new major euryarchaeal lineage, distantly related to halophilic archaea of class Halobacteria. Consistent with these findings, we propose creation of a new archaeal class, provisionally named 'Nanohaloarchaea'. In addition to their high abundance in LT surface waters, we report the prevalence of Nanohaloarchaea in other hypersaline environments worldwide. The simultaneous discovery and genome sequencing of a novel yet ubiquitous lineage of uncultivated microorganisms demonstrates that even historically well-characterized environments can reveal unexpected diversity when analyzed by metagenomics, and advances our understanding of the ecology of hypersaline environments and the evolutionary history of the archaea.

Published
2012

13. Comparing incident diabetes as defined by fasting plasma glucose or by HbA(1c). The AusDiab, Inter99 and DESIR studies.: HbA1c, FPG and prediction of diabetes

Author

Soulimane, Soraya, Simon, Dominique, Shaw, Jonathan, Zimmet, Paul, Vol, Sylviane, Vistisen, Dorte, Magliano, Dianna, Borch-Johnsen, Knut, Balkau, Beverley, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Institut inter-Régional pour la SAnté (IRSA), Steno Diabetes Center, Institute of Public Health, Research Center for Quality in Health Care, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), The AusDiab study, co-coordinated by the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, gratefully acknowledges the generous support given by: National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC grant 233200), and by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. In addition, we are most grateful to the following for their support: Abbott Australasia, Alphapharm, AstraZeneca, Aventis Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly (Australia), GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen-Cilag (Australia), Merck Lipha, Merck Sharp & Dohme (Australia), Novartis Pharmaceutical (Australia), Novo Nordis Pharmaceutical, Pharmacia and Upjohn, Pfizer, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi Synthelabo (Australia), Servier Laboratories (Australia), Bio-Rad Laboratories, HITECH Pathology, the Australian Kidney Foundation, Diabetes Australia, Diabetes Australia (Northern Territory), Queensland Health, South Australian Department of Human Services, Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services, Territory Health Services and Victorian Department of Human Services, and Health Department of Western Australia., Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Service de Diabétologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)

Subjects
Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, Denmark, MESH: Australia, MESH: Fasting, MESH: Logistic Models, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, Humans, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Cohort Studies, Aged, Glycated Hemoglobin, MESH: Aged, MESH: Denmark, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, Incidence, Australia, MESH: Biological Markers, MESH: Adult, Fasting, Middle Aged, MESH: Male, MESH: Odds Ratio, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, Logistic Models, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Blood Glucose, MESH: Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Female, Biomarkers, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Abstract

International audience; AIM: We examined the ability of fasting plasma glucose and HbA(1c) to predict 5-year incident diabetes for an Australian cohort and a Danish cohort and 6-year incident diabetes for a French cohort, as defined by the corresponding criteria. METHODS: We studied 6025 men and women from AusDiab (Australian), 4703 from Inter99 (Danish) and 3784 from DESIR (French), not treated for diabetes and with fasting plasma glucose < 7.0 mmol/l and HbA(1c) < 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) at inclusion. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and/or treatment for diabetes or as HbA(1c) ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) and/or treatment for diabetes. RESULTS: For AusDiab, incident fasting plasma glucose-defined diabetes was more frequent than HbA(1c) -defined diabetes (P(McNemar)

Published
2011

14. Comparing incident diabetes as defined by fasting plasma glucose or by HbA(1c). The AusDiab, Inter99 and DESIR studies

Author

Soulimane, Soraya, Simon, Dominique, Shaw, Jonathan, Zimmet, Paul, Vol, Sylviane, Vistisen, Dorte, Magliano, Dianna, Borch-Johnsen, Knut, Balkau, Beverley, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Service de diabétologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Institut inter-Régional pour la SAnté (IRSA), Steno Diabetes Center, Institute of Public Health, Research Center for Quality in Health Care, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), and The AusDiab study, co-coordinated by the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, gratefully acknowledges the generous support given by: National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC grant 233200), and by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. In addition, we are most grateful to the following for their support: Abbott Australasia, Alphapharm, AstraZeneca, Aventis Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly (Australia), GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen-Cilag (Australia), Merck Lipha, Merck Sharp & Dohme (Australia), Novartis Pharmaceutical (Australia), Novo Nordis Pharmaceutical, Pharmacia and Upjohn, Pfizer, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi Synthelabo (Australia), Servier Laboratories (Australia), Bio-Rad Laboratories, HITECH Pathology, the Australian Kidney Foundation, Diabetes Australia, Diabetes Australia (Northern Territory), Queensland Health, South Australian Department of Human Services, Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services, Territory Health Services and Victorian Department of Human Services, and Health Department of Western Australia.

Subjects
MESH: Aged, MESH: Denmark, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Australia, MESH: Biological Markers, MESH: Fasting, MESH: Logistic Models, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, MESH: Odds Ratio, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Blood Glucose, MESH: Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Female, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Abstract

International audience; AIM: We examined the ability of fasting plasma glucose and HbA(1c) to predict 5-year incident diabetes for an Australian cohort and a Danish cohort and 6-year incident diabetes for a French cohort, as defined by the corresponding criteria. METHODS: We studied 6025 men and women from AusDiab (Australian), 4703 from Inter99 (Danish) and 3784 from DESIR (French), not treated for diabetes and with fasting plasma glucose < 7.0 mmol/l and HbA(1c) < 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) at inclusion. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and/or treatment for diabetes or as HbA(1c) ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) and/or treatment for diabetes. RESULTS: For AusDiab, incident fasting plasma glucose-defined diabetes was more frequent than HbA(1c) -defined diabetes (P(McNemar)

Published
2011

15. Risk of brain tumours in relation to estimated RF dose from mobile phones: results from five Interphone countries

Author

Lynne D. Richardson, Elisabeth Cardis, Martine Vrijheid, Alistair Woodward, Graham G. Giles, Rodrigo Villegas, Jordi Figuerola, Marie-Élise Parent, Daniel Krewski, Bruce K. Armstrong, Martine Hours, Julianne Brown, Avital Jarus-Hakak, L. Montestruq, Louise Nadon, Angela Chetrit, Chen Hoffmann, Siegal Sadetzki, Mary L. McBride, Joseph D. Bowman, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, University of Melbourne-School of Population Health, Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR T9405), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency (BCCRC), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center-Gertner Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], School of Population Health, University of Auckland [Auckland], Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Department of Population health, Hospital Research Centre-University of Montreal, Funding for the Interphone Study was provided by the European Fifth Framework Program, 'Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources' (contract QLK4-CT-1999901563), the International Union against Cancer (UICC). The UICC received funds for this purpose from the Mobile Manufacturers' Forum and GSM Association. Provision of funds to the Interphone Study investigators via the UICC was governed by agreements that guaranteed Interphone's complete scientific independence. The terms of these agreements are publicly available at http://www.iarc.fr/en/research-groups/RAD/RCAd.html Specific additional funds were provided for the development and analysis of the radio frequency exposure gradient and by the Fondation Santé et Radiofréquences, France and the Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Germany. The Australian centre was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (EME grant 219129), and BKA was supported by the University of Sydney Medical Foundation Program Grant and Julianne Brown by an Australian Postgraduate Award. The Cancer Council NSW and the Cancer Council Victoria provided most of the infrastructure for the project in Australia. The Canada-Montréal data collection was funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (project MOP-42525). Additionally, Dr Siemiatycki's research team was partly funded by the Canada Research Chair programme and by the Guzzo-CRS Chair in Environment and Cancer. Dr. Parent had salary support from the Fonds de recherche en santé du Québec. The other Canadian centres were supported by a universityeindustry partnership grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the latter including partial support from the Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association. The CIHR universityeindustry partnerships program also includes provisions that ensure complete scientific independence of the investigators. DK is the NSERC/SSHRC/McLaughlin Chair in Population Health Risk Assessment at the University of Ottawa. Additional funding for the study in France was provided by l'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) (contract 5142) and three network operators (Orange, SFR, Bouygues Télécom). The funds provided by the operators represented 5% of the total cost of the French study and were governed by contracts guaranteeing the complete scientific independence of the investigators. In New Zealand, funding was provided by the Health Research Council, Hawkes Bay Medical Research Foundation and the Cancer Society of New Zealand. The findings and conclusions in this paper have not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy.

Subjects
Oncology, Male, epidemiological study, MESH: Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Radio Waves, non-ionising radiation, MESH: Logistic Models, MESH: Meningioma, MESH: Radio Waves, MESH: Electromagnetic Fields, MESH: Glioma, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: New Zealand, MESH: Risk Factors, Mobile phones, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Middle Aged, ionising radiation, Brain Neoplasms, MESH: Israel, risk assessment, Brain, MESH: Case-Control Studies, RF exposure assessment, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Brain Neoplasms, Original Article, epidemiology, Female, physics, Algorithms, electromagnetic fields, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Radiation Dosage, Rf exposure, MESH: Australia, MESH: Algorithms, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Radiation Dosage, Meningioma, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Canada, Glioma, Internal medicine, medicine, cancer, Humans, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Time Factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Case-control study, MESH: Adult, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, MESH: Meningeal Neoplasms, hygiene/occupational hygiene, MESH: Male, MESH: Odds Ratio, Surgery, nervous system diseases, MESH: France, Increased risk, Multicenter study, MESH: Cellular Phone, business, MESH: Female, Cell Phone
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the associations of brain tumours with radio frequency (RF) fields from mobile phones. METHODS: Patients with brain tumour from the Australian, Canadian, French, Israeli and New Zealand components of the Interphone Study, whose tumours were localised by neuroradiologists, were analysed. Controls were matched on age, sex and region and allocated the 'tumour location' of their matched case. Analyses included 553 glioma and 676 meningioma cases and 1762 and 1911 controls, respectively. RF dose was estimated as total cumulative specific energy (TCSE; J/kg) absorbed at the tumour's estimated centre taking into account multiple RF exposure determinants. RESULTS: ORs with ever having been a regular mobile phone user were 0.93 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.18) for glioma and 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.96) for meningioma. ORs for glioma were below 1 in the first four quintiles of TCSE but above 1 in the highest quintile, 1.35 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.90). The OR increased with increasing TCSE 7+ years before diagnosis (p-trend 0.01; OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.47 in the highest quintile). A complementary analysis in which 44 glioma and 135 meningioma cases in the most exposed area of the brain were compared with gliomas and meningiomas located elsewhere in the brain showed increased ORs for tumours in the most exposed part of the brain in those with 10+ years of mobile phone use (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.13 to 6.94 for glioma). Patterns for meningioma were similar, but ORs were lower, many below 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: There were suggestions of an increased risk of glioma in long-term mobile phone users with high RF exposure and of similar, but apparently much smaller, increases in meningioma risk. The uncertainty of these results requires that they be replicated before a causal interpretation can be made.

Published
2011

16. Pharmacokinetics for once-daily versus twice-daily tacrolimus formulations in de novo liver transplantation: a randomized, open-label trial

Author

Pavel Trunecka, Nasrullah Undre, Bruno Gridelli, Andrés Valdivieso, Stephen V. Lynch, Evaristo Varo, Lutz Fischer, André Roy, Karim Boudjema, Carmen Karpf, Daniel Seehofer, Alessandro Vitale, Bo Göran Ericzon, Didier Samuel, Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital de Cruces, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Service d'hépatologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Foie, métabolismes et cancer, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive [Rennes] = Hepatobiliary and Digestive Surgery [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Universidad del País Vasco, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], and Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )

Subjects
Graft Rejection, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH : Prospective Studies, MESH : Aged, 030230 surgery, Liver transplantation, Pharmacology, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Therapeutic Equivalency, Prospective Studies, MESH : Immunosuppressive Agents, MESH: Treatment Outcome, MESH: Middle Aged, Graft Survival, 3. Good health, MESH: Young Adult, Area Under Curve, MESH: Administration, Oral, Drug Therapy, Combination, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, [ SDV.MHEP.HEG ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, MESH: Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Liver Transplantation, MESH: Graft Survival, MESH: Delayed-Action Preparations, MESH : Drug Administration Schedule, Urology, MESH : Young Adult, MESH: Graft Rejection, MESH: Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Administration Schedule, Tacrolimus, 03 medical and health sciences, Pharmacokinetics, MESH: Canada, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Adverse effect, MESH: Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Aged, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, Australia, MESH : Graft Rejection, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Delayed-Action Preparations, Surgery, MESH : Australia, MESH: Female, Administration, Oral, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Randomized controlled trial, law, MESH : Female, Kidney transplantation, MESH : Graft Survival, MESH: Aged, Area under the curve, Immunosuppression, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, Europe, MESH : Canada, Treatment Outcome, surgical procedures, operative, Female, Immunosuppressive Agents, Adult, Canada, MESH : Male, MESH : Europe, MESH: Australia, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, MESH : Treatment Outcome, MESH: Therapeutic Equivalency, MESH : Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Young Adult, medicine, MESH : Delayed-Action Preparations, MESH: Tacrolimus, Transplantation, MESH : Administration, Oral, Hepatology, business.industry, MESH : Drug Therapy, Combination, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, MESH : Tacrolimus, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, Liver Transplantation, MESH: Drug Therapy, Combination, Therapeutic Equivalency, MESH: Area Under Curve, MESH : Area Under Curve, MESH: Europe, MESH : Liver Transplantation, business
Abstract

International audience; Tacrolimus, a cornerstone immunosuppressant, is available as a twice-daily formulation (tacrolimus bid). A once-daily prolonged-release formulation (tacrolimus qd) has been developed. This 6-week, randomized, phase 2, multicenter, open-label, prospective trial in primary liver transplant recipients investigated and compared the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tacrolimus for qd and bid formulations. All patients received tacrolimus-based immunosuppression (tacrolimus qd, n = 67; bid, n = 62). PK data were available for 77 patients (tacrolimus qd, n = 45; bid, n = 32). Tacrolimus area under the curve (AUC) from 0 to 24 hours (AUC(0-24) ) at equivalent doses was approximately 50% lower for tacrolimus qd than for bid on day 1 (146 versus 264 ng * h/mL, respectively), but by day 14 was comparable between treatments (324 and 287 ng * h/mL, respectively) with higher tacrolimus qd doses. There was a strong correlation between AUC(0-24) and concentration at 24 hours for tacrolimus qd and bid (r = 0.92 and r = 0.76, respectively). Furthermore, the relationship between these 2 parameters (ie, the slope of the line) was also similar for the 2 formulations. Efficacy endpoints were comparable for both formulations at 6 weeks with no marked differences in incidence, nature, or severity of adverse events between treatments (although the study was not powered to draw efficacy conclusions). These results suggest that targeting the same trough levels will achieve similar total AUC over 24 hours for both tacrolimus qd and tacrolimus bid in de novo liver transplant recipients.

Published
2011

17. Comparing incident diabetes as defined by fasting plasma glucose or by HbA(1c). The AusDiab, Inter99 and DESIR studies

Author

Soulimane, Soraya, Simon, Dominique, Shaw, Jonathan, Zimmet, Paul, Vol, Sylviane, Vistisen, Dorte, Magliano, Dianna, Borch-Johnsen, Knut, Balkau, Beverley, De Lauzon-Guillain, Blandine, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Diabétologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Institut inter-Régional pour la SAnté (IRSA), Steno Diabetes Center, Institute of Public Health, Research Center for Quality in Health Care, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), and The AusDiab study, co-coordinated by the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, gratefully acknowledges the generous support given by: National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC grant 233200), and by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. In addition, we are most grateful to the following for their support: Abbott Australasia, Alphapharm, AstraZeneca, Aventis Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly (Australia), GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen-Cilag (Australia), Merck Lipha, Merck Sharp & Dohme (Australia), Novartis Pharmaceutical (Australia), Novo Nordis Pharmaceutical, Pharmacia and Upjohn, Pfizer, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi Synthelabo (Australia), Servier Laboratories (Australia), Bio-Rad Laboratories, HITECH Pathology, the Australian Kidney Foundation, Diabetes Australia, Diabetes Australia (Northern Territory), Queensland Health, South Australian Department of Human Services, Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services, Territory Health Services and Victorian Department of Human Services, and Health Department of Western Australia.

Subjects
MESH: Aged, MESH: Denmark, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Australia, MESH: Biological Markers, MESH: Fasting, MESH: Logistic Models, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, MESH: Odds Ratio, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Blood Glucose, MESH: Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Female, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Abstract

International audience; AIM: We examined the ability of fasting plasma glucose and HbA(1c) to predict 5-year incident diabetes for an Australian cohort and a Danish cohort and 6-year incident diabetes for a French cohort, as defined by the corresponding criteria. METHODS: We studied 6025 men and women from AusDiab (Australian), 4703 from Inter99 (Danish) and 3784 from DESIR (French), not treated for diabetes and with fasting plasma glucose < 7.0 mmol/l and HbA(1c) < 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) at inclusion. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and/or treatment for diabetes or as HbA(1c) ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) and/or treatment for diabetes. RESULTS: For AusDiab, incident fasting plasma glucose-defined diabetes was more frequent than HbA(1c) -defined diabetes (P(McNemar)

Published
2011

18. Amyloid imaging results from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging

Author

Olivier Salvado, Roger I. Price, Miroslava Rimajova, Victor L. Villemagne, Colin L. Masters, Gareth Jones, Christopher C. Rowe, Cassandra Szoeke, Kathryn A. Ellis, Parnesh Raniga, Jurgen Fripp, Oscar Acosta, Laurence Morandeau, David Ames, Henri Tochon-Danguy, Graeme O'Keefe, Richard Head, Kerryn E. Pike, Nat Lenzo, Peter Robins, Ralph N. Martins, Pierrick Bourgeat, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Austin Health-Centre for Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-Austin Hospital [Melbourne], Austin Health, Department of Psychiatry and National Ageing Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Centre of Psychiatry, The Mental Health Research Institute, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Exercise Biomedical and Health Sciences-EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY, CSIRO Information and Commuciation Technologies (CSIRO ICT Centre), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), The study was supported by the Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) P-Health Flagship Collaboration Fund through the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship study of Ageing (Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle [AIBL]), the Austin Hospital Medical Research Foundation, Neurosciences, Victoria, and the University of Melbourne., Rowe, Christopher C, Ellis, Kathryn A, Rimajova, Miroslava, Bourgeat, Pierrick, Head, Richard, and Villemagne, Victor L

Subjects
Oncology, Male, Pathology, Aging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MESH: Hippocampus, MESH: Echo-Planar Imaging, Plaque, Amyloid, Disease, Hippocampus, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, MESH: Aging, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Cognitive decline, MESH: Longitudinal Studies, MESH: Cohort Studies, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, Aniline Compounds, MESH: Middle Aged, Echo-Planar Imaging, General Neuroscience, Genetic Carrier Screening, Cognition, Middle Aged, Alzheimer's disease, Hippocampal atrophy, MESH: Positron-Emission Tomography, 3. Good health, MESH: Plaque, Amyloid, MESH: Risk Reduction Behavior, Hippocampal volume, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], amyloid imaging, Psychology, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, position emission tomography (PET), medicine.medical_specialty, Positron emission tomography, Amyloid, MESH: Australia, MESH: Thiazoles, Amyloid imaging, MESH: Aniline Compounds, 03 medical and health sciences, mild cognitive impairment, Magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroimaging, Alzheimer Disease, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, MESH: Humans, MESH: Heterozygote Detection, Australia, MESH: Biological Markers, Mild cognitive impairment, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, Thiazoles, chemistry, Positron-Emission Tomography, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pittsburgh compound B, Risk Reduction Behavior, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, Developmental Biology
Abstract

International audience; The Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging, a participant of the worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), performed (11)C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) scans in 177 healthy controls (HC), 57 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, and 53 mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. High PiB binding was present in 33% of HC (49% in ApoE-epsilon4 carriers vs 21% in noncarriers) and increased with age, most strongly in epsilon4 carriers. 18% of HC aged 60-69 had high PiB binding rising to 65% in those over 80 years. Subjective memory complaint was only associated with elevated PiB binding in epsilon4 carriers. There was no correlation with cognition in HC or MCI. PiB binding in AD was unrelated to age, hippocampal volume or memory. Beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposition seems almost inevitable with advanced age, amyloid burden is similar at all ages in AD, and secondary factors or downstream events appear to play a more direct role than total beta amyloid burden in hippocampal atrophy and cognitive decline.

Published
2010

19. Correlations between leaf toughness and phenolics among species in contrasting environments of Australia and New Caledonia

Author

Paula J. Peeters, Jennifer Read, Elizabeth Caldwell, Byron B. Lamont, Fiona J. Clissold, Tanguy Jaffré, Stuart Kerr, Michel De Garine-Wichatitsky, Alexanda Sarah-Jane Chatain, Gordon Drummond Sanson, School of Biological Sciences [Clayton], Monash University [Clayton], Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de botanique et d'écologie appliquées, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University [Melbourne], and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, L51 - Physiologie animale - Nutrition, Trade-offs, chemical, Plant Science, Woodland, forêt tropicale, 01 natural sciences, Trees, mechanical defence, MESH: Phenols, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Savane, MESH: Biomechanics, geography.geographical_feature_category, leaf toughness, 000 - Autres thèmes, Feuille, Vegetation, Composition chimique, Biomechanical Phenomena, MESH: Plant Leaves, MESH: Tannins, Antiherbivore defence, Répulsif d'origine végétale, Phenolics, Arbuste, Leaf toughness, defence, phenolics, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Chemical defence, MESH: Australia, Rainforest, Environment, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Pâturage, Shrubland, Plante d'abroutissement, New Caledonia, Phenols, Species Specificity, Botany, Temperate climate, MESH: Species Specificity, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, MESH: Environment, Propriété physicochimique, geography, Australia, Plant community, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, Evergreen, MESH: New Caledonia, Plant Leaves, MESH: Trees, trade-offs, Composé phénolique, Soil water, Mechanical defence, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Tannins, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

†Background and Aims Plants are likely to invest in multiple defences, given the variety of sources of biotic andabiotic damage to which they are exposed. However, little is known about syndromes of defence across plantspecies and how these differ in contrasting environments. Here an investigation is made into the associationbetween carbon-based chemical and mechanical defences, predicting that species that invest heavily in mechan-ical defence of leaves will invest less in chemical defence.†Methods A combination of published and unpublished data is used to test whether species with tougher leaveshave lower concentrations of phenolics, using 125 species from four regions of Australia and the Pacific island ofNew Caledonia, in evergreen vegetation ranging from temperate shrubland and woodland to tropical shrublandand rainforest. Foliar toughness was measured as work-to-shear and specific work-to-shear (work-to-shear perunit leaf thickness). Phenolics were measured as ‘total phenolics’ and by protein precipitation (an estimate oftannin activity) per leaf dry mass.†Key Results Contrary to prediction, phenolic concentrations were not negatively correlated with either measureof leaf toughness when examined across all species, within regions or within any plant community. Instead,measures of toughness (particularly work-to-shear) and phenolics were often positively correlated in shrublandand rainforest (but not dry forest) in New Caledonia, with a similar trend suggested for shrubland in south-western Australia. The common feature of these sites was low concentrations of soil nutrients, with evidenceof P limitation.†Conclusions Positive correlations between toughness and phenolics in vegetation on infertile soils suggest thatadditive investment in carbon-based mechanical and chemical defences is advantageous and cost-effective inthese nutrient-deficient environments where carbohydrate may be in surplus.Key words: Antiherbivore defence, leaf toughness, mechanical defence, chemical defence, phenolics, trade-offs.

Published
2009

20. Trends in postpartum hemorrhage in high resource countries: a review and recommendations from the International Postpartum Hemorrhage Collaborative Group

Author

Sophie Alexander, William M. Callaghan, Marian Knight, Jane B. Ford, Gwyneth Lewis, Jeremy Oats, Christine L. Roberts, Robert Liston, K.S. Joseph, James J. Walker, Cynthia J. Berg, Marie-Hélène Bouvier-Colle, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Perinatal Epidemiology and Reproductive Health Unit, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Recherches épidémiologiques en santé périnatale et santé des femmes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology and the School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Health, BC Women's Hospital & Health Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, St James University Hospital, The workshop was co-funded by the Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health, Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta. MK is supported by a personal fellowship from the National Institute for Health Research National Coordinating Centre for Research Capacity Development, JF is supported by the Health Research and Outcomes Network, a NHMRC Capacity Building Grant in Population Health Research and CR is supported by a NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship., University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and BMC, Ed.

Subjects
Pediatrics, Quality Assurance, Health Care, MESH: Quality Assurance, Health Care, International Cooperation, 02 engineering and technology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Medical Records, Collaborative group, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Pregnancy, MESH: Practice Guidelines as Topic, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Health care, Epidemiology, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Childbirth, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Incidence, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Medical record, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy Outcome, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Care, General Medicine, MESH: Postpartum Hemorrhage, 3. Good health, Obstetrics, Maternal Mortality, Population Surveillance, Practice Guidelines as Topic, MESH: Great Britain, Female, France, Developed country, MESH: Obstetrics, MESH: Medical Records, Canada, medicine.medical_specialty, Resource (biology), Reproductive medicine, MESH: Australia, Prenatal care, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics, MESH: Population Surveillance, MESH: Postpartum Period, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Canada, Environmental health, Research article, medicine, MESH: United States, Humans, MESH: Prenatal Care, lcsh:RG1-991, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Postpartum Hemorrhage, Australia, MESH: Pregnancy Outcome, United Kingdom, United States, MESH: France, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, MESH: International Cooperation, Emergency medicine, Women's Health, MESH: Maternal Mortality, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Women's Health, Postpartum period
Abstract

Background Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Several recent publications have noted an increasing trend in incidence over time. The international PPH collaboration was convened to explore the observed trends and to set out actions to address the factors identified. Methods We reviewed available data sources on the incidence of PPH over time in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the USA. Where information was available, the incidence of PPH was stratified by cause. Results We observed an increasing trend in PPH, using heterogeneous definitions, in Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA. The observed increase in PPH in Australia, Canada and the USA was limited solely to immediate/atonic PPH. We noted increasing rates of severe adverse outcomes due to hemorrhage in Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA. Conclusion Key Recommendations 1. Future revisions of the International Classification of Diseases should include separate codes for atonic PPH and PPH immediately following childbirth that is due to other causes. Also, additional codes are required for placenta accreta/percreta/increta. 2. Definitions of PPH should be unified; further research is required to investigate how definitions are applied in practice to the coding of data. 3. Additional improvement in the collection of data concerning PPH is required, specifically including a measure of severity. 4. Further research is required to determine whether an increased rate of reported PPH is also observed in other countries, and to further investigate potential risk factors including increased duration of labor, obesity and changes in second and third stage management practice. 5. Training should be provided to all staff involved in maternity care concerning assessment of blood loss and the monitoring of women after childbirth. This is key to reducing the severity of PPH and preventing any adverse outcomes. 6. Clinicians should be more vigilant given the possibility that the frequency and severity of PPH has in fact increased. This applies particularly to small hospitals with relatively few deliveries where management protocols may not be defined adequately and drugs or equipment may not be on hand to deal with unexpected severe PPH.

Published
2009

21. Human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in eleven countries: diagnostic pattern across time, 1993-2002

Author

Victoria Lewis, Katharina Stoeck, Markus Glatzel, Vittorio Mellina, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, Steven J. Collins, Jean-Philippe Brandel, Inga Zerr, N. Delasnerie-Laupretre, Javier Almazán, Jesús de Pedro-Cuesta, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Gerard H. Jansen, Herbert Budka, Ellen Gelpi, Michael B. Coulthart, Maurizio Pocchiari, Hans A Kretszchmar, Annick Alpérovitch, Maria Puopolo, Eva Mitrova, Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. 6 Programa Marco, Departamento de Epidemiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC)-Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Institute of Neuropathology, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Registry of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Department of Neurology, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Department of Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Neuroépidémiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ERASMUS, Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Registry, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, CJD Surveillance System, Division of Host Genetics and Prion Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Institute of Neurology, Universität Wien-Austrian Reference Centre for Human Prion Diseases, Research base of Slovak Medical University, Slovak Medical University of Bratislava (SMU), This study was funded through NeuroPrion, an EU Network of Excellence funded by Framework 6 Programme, Contract number: FOOD CT 2004 056579, and EUROCJD funded by DG SANCO, Contract number: 2003201., Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Epidemiology, and Autard, Delphine

Subjects
MESH: Re, Internationality, animal diseases, Iatrogenic Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Genotype, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Cross-Cultural Comparison, Medicine, Registries, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Electroencephalography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Iatrogenic Disease, 3. Good health, Europe, Italy, Population Surveillance, MESH: Great Britain, France, Prion Proteins, 44.90, Research Article, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Canada, Slovakia, 616.8, Genotype, Prions, MESH: Australia, MESH: Population Surveillance, Time, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Prions, MESH: Canada, Neurologie, MESH: Electroencephalography, mental disorders, Iatrogenic disease, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Australia, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MED 530, MESH: Italy, lcsh:RA1-1270, MESH: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome, Virology, United Kingdom, nervous system diseases, MESH: France, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Internationality, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Europe, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background The objective of this study was to describe the diagnostic panorama of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies across 11 countries. Methods From data collected for surveillance purposes, we describe annual proportions of deaths due to different human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in eleven EUROCJD-consortium countries over the period 1993–2002, as well as variations in the use of diagnostic tests. Using logistic models we quantified international differences and changes across time. Results In general, pre-mortem use of diagnostic investigations increased with time. International differences in pathological confirmation of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, stable over time, were evident. Compared to their counterparts, some countries displayed remarkable patterns, such as: 1) the high proportion, increasing with time, of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United Kingdom, (OR 607.99 95%CI 84.72–4363.40), and France (OR 18.35, 95%CI 2.20–152.83); 2) high, decreasing proportions of iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France, (OR 5.81 95%CI 4.09–8.24), and the United Kingdom, (OR 1.54 95%CI 1.03–2.30); and, 3) high and stable ratios of genetic forms in Slovakia (OR 21.82 95%CI 12.42–38.33) and Italy (OR 2.12 95%CI 1.69–2.68). Conclusion Considerable international variation in aetiological subtypes of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies was evident over the observation period. With the exception of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France and the United Kingdom, these differences persisted across time.

Published
2006

22. Mother-baby inpatient psychiatric care in different countries: data collection and issues - introduction

Author

Bryanne Barnett, Nine M.-C. Glangeaud-Freudenthal, Recherches épidémiologiques en santé périnatale et santé des femmes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paediatric Mental Health Service, South Western Sydney Area Health Service, and Kaniewski, Nadine

Subjects
Postnatal Care, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Mother-Child Relations, MESH: Rooming-in Care, MEDLINE, MESH: Australia, Mothers, Rooming-in Care, Context (language use), Psychiatric Department, Hospital, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Perinatal health, Health care, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Quality of Health Care, Psychiatry, MESH: Postnatal Care, Quality of Health Care, Perinatal psychiatry, MESH: Mother-Chil, Data collection, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Australia, Infant, Newborn, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infant, medicine.disease, MESH: Infant, Mother-Child Relations, MESH: Mothers, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, Europe, Psychiatry and Mental health, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Psychiatric Department, Hospital, Mental health care, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Postpartum psychosis, MESH: Europe, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

The material was presented during a symposium on "Mother-Baby joint admission for mental health care in different countries" at the Marce Society International Biennial Scientific Meeting in Sydney (Australia) in 2002 (25-27 September 2002). The introduction stresses the main contribution of each of the six papers. It discusses the general context of perinatal psychiatry and offers guidelines for perinatal health care.

Published
2004

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