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122 results on '"MENESR"'

1. Nanostructured cellulose-xyloglucan blends via ionic liquid/water processing

Author: Benoît Duchemin, Denis Lourdin, Mark P. Staiger, Jean Eudes Maigret, Xavier Falourd, Amine Bendaoud, Eric Leroy, Anton Baranov, Bernard Cathala, Rene Kehrbusch, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Canterbury [Christchurch], St Petersburg State University (SPbU), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Matrices Aliments Procédés Propriétés Structure - Sensoriel (GEPEA-MAPS2), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), MATIERES (Materials and Interfaces for Environment and Resources Exploitation) project - 'Reigion Pays de la Loire' council, Dumont d'Urville PHC (Hubert Curien Partnership), French Ministry of Education (Ministere de l'Education nationale de l'Enseignement superieur et de la Recherche (MENESR), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU), LUNAM UNIVERSITY ONIRIS UMR 6144 GEPEA NANTES FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and French Ministry of Education (Ministere de l'Education nationale de l'Enseignement superieur et de la Recherche (MENESR).
Subjects: Nanostructure, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Bioinspired, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cellulose xyloglucan, Polymer blends, Materials Chemistry, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Cellulose, Composite material, Elastic modulus, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Organic Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 6. Clean water, 0104 chemical sciences, Xyloglucan, chemistry, (EmimAc), Ionic liquid, engineering, Polymer blend, Biopolymer, Elongation, 0210 nano-technology, Nanostructuration
Abstract: International audience; In this work, the properties of cellulose (CE)/xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer blends are investigated, taking inspiration from the outstanding mechanical properties of plant cell walls. CE and XG were first co-solubilized in an ionic liquid, 1-ethy1-3-methylimidazolium acetate, in order to blend these biopolymers with a varying CE:XG ratio. The biopolymers were then regenerated together using water to produce solid blends in the form of films. Water-soluble XG persisted in the films following regeneration in water, indicating an attractive interaction between the CE and XG. The final CE:XG ratio of the blends was close to the initial value in solutions, further suggesting that intimate mixing takes place between CE and XG. The resulting CE/XG films were found to be free of ionic liquid, transparent and with no evidence of phase separation at the micron scale. The mechanical properties of the blend with a CE:XG ratio close to one revealed a synergistic effect for which a maximum in the elongation and stress at break was observed in combination with a high elastic modulus. Atomic force microscopy indicates a co-continuous nanostructure for this composition. It is proposed that the non-monotonous variation of the mechanical performance of the films with XG content is due to this observed nanostructuration. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017
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2. Escherichia coli Aggregates Mediated by Native or Synthetic Adhesins Exhibit Both Core and Adhesin-Specific Transcriptional Responses

Author: Yankel Chekli, Rebecca J. Stevick, Etienne Kornobis, Valérie Briolat, Jean-Marc Ghigo, Christophe Beloin, Génétique des Biofilms - Genetics of Biofilms, Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Microbiologie Intégrative et Moléculaire (UMR6047), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biomics (plateforme technologique), This work was supported by grants from the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (grant no. ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) and by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (grant no. DEQ20180339185). Y.C. was supported by a MENESR (Ministère Français de l’Education Nationale, de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche) fellowship. R.J.S. was supported by a grant from the Philippe Foundation. Biomics Platform -C2RT- was supported by France Génomique (grant no. ANR-10-INBS-09-09) and IBISA., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), and ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), tolerance, stress tolerance, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], E. coli, antigen 43, stress response, Cell Biology, nanobodies, anaerobia, bacterial physiology, Infectious Diseases, Escherichia coli, aggregates, Genetics, Ag43
Abstract: International audience; Bacteria can rapidly tune their physiology and metabolism to adapt to environmental fluctuations. In particular, they can adapt their lifestyle to the close proximity of other bacteria or the presence of different surfaces. However, whether these interactions trigger transcriptomic responses is poorly understood. We used a specific setup of E. coli strains expressing native or synthetic adhesins mediating bacterial aggregation to study the transcriptomic changes of aggregated compared to nonaggregated bacteria. Our results show that, following aggregation, bacteria exhibit a core response independent of the adhesin type, with differential expression of 56.9% of the coding genome, including genes involved in stress response and anaerobic lifestyle. Moreover, when aggregates were formed via a naturally expressed E. coli adhesin (antigen 43), the transcriptomic response of the bacteria was more exaggerated than that of aggregates formed via a synthetic adhesin. This suggests that the response to aggregation induced by native E. coli adhesins could have been finely tuned during bacterial evolution. Our study therefore provides insights into the effect of self-interaction in bacteria and allows a better understanding of why bacterial aggregates exhibit increased stress tolerance.IMPORTANCE The formation of bacterial aggregates has an important role in both clinical and ecological contexts. Although these structures have been previously shown to be more resistant to stressful conditions, the genetic basis of this stress tolerance associated with the aggregate lifestyle is poorly understood. Surface sensing mediated by different adhesins can result in various changes in bacterial physiology. However, whether adhesin-adhesin interactions, as well as the type of adhesin mediating aggregation, affect bacterial cell physiology is unknown. By sequencing the transcriptomes of aggregated and nonaggregated cells expressing native or synthetic adhesins, we characterized the effects of aggregation and adhesin type on E. coli physiology.
Published: 2023
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3. Les évaluations standardisées des élèves: perspective historique

Author: Trosseille, Bruno, Rocher, Thierry, MENESR-DEPP. Bureau de l'évaluation des élèves, and MENESR-DEPP, Bureau de l'évaluation des élèves
Subjects: mathématiques, méthode d'évaluation, compétence di socle, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, acquis des élèves, français, histoire et géographie, résultat scolaire, évaluation pédagogique, cycle des évaluations disciplinaires réalisés sur échantillon, langues vivantes, panel, outil professionnel
Abstract: National audience; Depuis une quarantaine d'années, le ministère de l'Éducation nationale a mis en œuvre des évaluations tantôt « de masse », tantôt sur échantillons. Ces évaluations peuvent avoir deux fonctions principales : de diagnostic lorsqu'elles sont élaborées pour fournir aux enseignants des outils professionnels qui leur sont nécessaires pour adapter leur enseignement en fonction des acquis de leurs élèves ; de bilan lorsque l'objectif est d'observer les acquis des élèves et leur évolution pour le pilotage d'ensemble du système éducatif. La confusion, dans une même évaluation, de ces deux fonctions est potentiellement source d'erreurs et de troubles, tant sur le plan scientifique que sociétal. Après avoir décrit l'histoire entrelacée de ces deux types d'évaluations au sein du Ministère, nous envisageons l'avenir du paysage évaluatif et la façon dont il peut se réorganiser en fonction des différentes finalités qui lui sont aujourd'hui assignées et des défis qu'il devra affronter à l'avenir.
Published: 2015
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4. Détermination de standards minimaux pour évaluer les compétences du socle commun

Author: Miconnet, Nicolas, Vourc'h, Ronan, MENESR-DEPP, bureau des études statistiques sur les élèves, and MENESR-DEPP, Bureau de l'évaluation des élèves
Subjects: évaluation internationale, CEDRE, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, méthode statistique, enseignement du second degré, évaluation nationale, résultat scolaire, évaluation pédagogique, motivation de élèves, enseignement du premier degré, panel, compétence du socle
Abstract: National audience; Depuis 2012, la direction de l'évaluation, de la prospective et de la performance (DEPP) du ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche est en charge de la production d'indicateurs relatifs à la maîtrise des compétences du socle commun. Pour ce faire, elle a progressivement mis en place des évaluations standardisées auprès d'échantillons représentatifs d'élèves en fin de CM2 et en fin de troisième. Celles-ci permettent de recueillir des informations fiables et comparables dans le temps, alors que celles obtenues à partir de l'attribution des compétences du socle commun par les enseignants peuvent varier en fonction des caractéristiques individuelles des élèves, mais aussi de facteurs liés à leur établissement. La mise au point de tels indicateurs impose d'établir des scores seuils permettant de distinguer ceux qui atteignent la compétence évaluée et ceux qui ne l'atteignent pas. Pour cela, on a recours à des méthodes qui confrontent les résultats issus des évaluations standardisées avec le jugement d'enseignants et d'experts sur le niveau des élèves et le contenu des évaluations. Parmi les méthodes utilisées, celle dite « des marque-pages » se révèle la mieux adaptée à ce contexte d'évaluation. Elle permet, à l'exception des langues vivantes étrangères au collège, d'aboutir à des pourcentages de validation qui varient d'environ 70 % à 80 % selon les niveaux scolaires et les disciplines. Ces pourcentages ainsi déterminés diffèrent selon le secteur de scolarisation, le sexe et l'âge. Enfin, l'analyse du devenir d'un échantillon d'élèves de troisième vient conforter la démarche mise en oeuvre pour déterminer les seuils de maîtrise.
Published: 2015
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5. Une évaluation sous forme numérique est-elle comparable à une évaluation de type « papier-crayon » ?

Author: Bessonneau, Pascal, Arzoumanian, Philippe, Pastor, Jean-Marc, MENESR-DEPP, bureau de l'évaluation des actions éducatives et des expérimentations, and MENESR-DEPP, Bureau de l'évaluation des élèves
Subjects: évaluation internationale, CEDRE, Méthode statistique, Performance, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, enseignement du second degré, évaluation nationale, échantillon, évaluation pédagogique, Numérique éducatif, enseignement du premier degré, Motivation des élèves, Résultat scolaire
Abstract: National audience; Aujourd'hui, la place prépondérante prise par l'informatique questionne l'école sur la transition d'un environnement dominé par le papier vers un environnement dominé par le support numérique. Cette transition est en marche dans le domaine des évaluations standardisées. Cependant, la question de la comparabilité de la mesure est posée. L'hypothèse sous-jacente d'une transition naturelle et sans contrainte d'un support à l'autre doit en effet être interrogée.De nombreux articles tirés de la littérature scientifique comparent les performances des élèves à des évaluations proposées sur support papier et sur support électronique. Ces études indiquent des résultats divergents. Les tests sont parfois plus faciles, parfois plus difficiles, ou de même difficulté.Une question se pose : un item peut-il être proposé aux élèves à l'identique dans les deux supports sans influencer sa difficulté et sans provoquer de modification des compétences mises en jeu ?L'article présente les résultats de deux expériences menées sur ce thème dans le cadre des évaluations standardisées conduites par la DEPP. La première cherche à identifier les différences de difficulté des items entre le support papier et le support numérique, à partir d'une évaluation des compétences de base en français et en mathématiques conduite en fin de primaire. La seconde expérience tente de dégager les variables explicatives de ces différences sur la base d'une étude menée en mathématiques en fin d'école et en fin de collège dans le cadre de Cedre.
Published: 2015
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6. L'évaluation des compétences des adultes: Quelles contraintes ? Quelles spécificités ?

Author: Murat, Fabrice, Rocher, Thierry, MENESR-DEPP, bureau des études sur les établissements et l’éducation prioritaire, and MENESR-DEPP, Bureau de l'évaluation des élèves
Subjects: évaluation internationale, adulte, Information et vie quotidienne (IVQ), méthode d'évaluation, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, enquête statistique, évaluation nationale, résultat scolaire, évaluation pédagogique
Abstract: National audience; Évaluer les compétences des adultes est une opération bien plus complexe qu'évaluer les élèves. Les adultes sont sortis souvent depuis fort longtemps de l'école, ne sont plus habitués à la situation d'évaluation et en gardent parfois un mauvais souvenir. De plus, les conditions de passation, au domicile des personnes interrogées, sont aussi plus difficiles que les évaluations dans les salles de classe. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, des méthodologies spécifiques ont été développées ces dernières années, la demande de statistiques sur ce sujet ayant émergé au début des années 1990. Deux dispositifs d'enquêtes se dessinent : les enquêtes internationales (IALS, International Adult Literacy Survey ; ALLS, Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey ; Piaac, Program for the International Assesment of Adult) sous l'égide de l'OCDE et les enquêtes françaises (IVQ, Information et vie quotidienne) pilotées par l'Insee. Cet article fait le point sur la méthodologie, les contraintes communes à ce type d'enquête et les points où les deux dispositifs se distinguent.
Published: 2015
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7. The Single-Stranded Genome of Phage CTX Is the Form Used for Integration into the Genome of Vibrio cholerae

Author: Javier Campos, David J. Sherratt, François Cornet, François-Xavier Barre, Didier Mazel, Marie Bouvier, Marie-Eve Val, Centre de génétique moléculaire (CGM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plasticité du Génome Bactérien (PGB), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Genetica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas [Havana], Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], M.-E.V. and M.B. were supported by a CNRS and a MENESR stu- dimers. Mol. Microbiol. 54, 1151–1160.dentship, respectively. Work in Gif sur Yvette and Toulouse was Massey, T.H., Aussel, L., Barre, F.-X., and Sherratt, D.J. (2004).supported by a grant from the CNRS ATIP program. Gif-Pasteur Asymmetric activation of Xer site-specific recombination by FtsK.and Gif-Oxford collaborations were supported by a grant in funda- EMBO Rep. 5, 399–404.mental microbiology from the MENESR ACI program and a Joint McLeod, S.M., and Waldor, M.K. (2004). Characterization of XerC- Project grant from the Royal Society, respectively, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 (LMGM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Val, Marie-Eve, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Virus Integration, Molecular Sequence Data, DNA, Single-Stranded, Genome, Viral, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Models, Biological, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, medicine, Recombinase, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Tyrosine, Binding site, Vibrio cholerae, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Base Sequence, Molecular Structure, 030306 microbiology, Chromosome, Cell Biology, Pseudomonas Phages, Genome, Bacterial, Recombination
Abstract: International audience; A major determinant of Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity, the cholera enterotoxin, is encoded in the genome of an integrated phage, CTXvarphi. CTXvarphi integration depends on two host-encoded tyrosine recombinases, XerC and XerD. It occurs at dif1, a 28 bp site on V. cholerae chromosome 1 normally used by XerCD for chromosome dimer resolution. The replicative form of the phage contains two pairs of binding sites for XerC and XerD in inverted orientations. Here we show that in the single-stranded genome of the phage, these sites fold into a hairpin structure, which creates a recombination target for XerCD. In the presence of XerD, XerC can catalyze a single pair of strand exchanges between this target and dif1, resulting in integration of the phage. This integration strategy explains why the rules that normally apply to tyrosine recombinase reactions seemed not to apply to CTXvarphi integration and, in particular, why integration is irreversible.
Published: 2005
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8. Rational control of off‐state heterogeneity in a photoswitchable fluorescent protein provides switching contrast enhancement

Author: Angela Mantovanelli, A. Gorel, Dominique Bourgeois, M. Hilpert, Gabriela Nass Kovacs, Mark S. Hunter, Sébastien Boutet, Ninon Zala, Kiyoshi Ueda, Jason E. Koglin, Andrew Aquila, Michel Sliwa, Ilme Schlichting, M. Stricker, Stefan Jakobs, Kensuke Tono, Martin Weik, Virgile Adam, Anne-Sophie Banneville, Lucas Martinez Uriarte, T. Domratcheva, Michel Thépaut, Mengning Liang, Oleksandr Glushonkov, Martin Byrdin, Giorgio Schirò, Marie Luise Grünbein, Robert L. Shoeman, Kyprianos Hadjidemetriou, Thomas R. M. Barends, Sergio Carbajo, Nina Eleni Christou, Thomas J. Lane, Victor Bezchastnov, Daehyun You, Tadeo Moreno Chicano, Lutz Foucar, Marco Cammarata, Nickels A. Jensen, C.M. Roome, Jacques-Philippe Colletier, Marco Kloos, Franck Fieschi, Eugenio de la Mora, Mariam El Khatib, Nicolas Coquelle, Shigeki Owada, Matthew Seaberg, R. Bruce Doak, Karol Nass, Joyce Woodhouse, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of NanoBiophotonics [Göttingen], Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPI-BPC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research [Heidelberg], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University-Stanford University, Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIKEN SPring-8 Center [Hyogo] (RIKEN RSC), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute [Hyogo] (JASRI), Tohoku University [Sendai], Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), The XFEL experiments were carried out at BL2-EH3 of SACLA with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI, Proposal No. 2018 A8026, 27–29 July 2018) and at the CXI beamline at the LCLS (Proposal No. LM47 (23–27 June 2016) and LR38 (22–26 February 2018). We warmly thank the SACLA and LCLS staff for assistance. Use of the LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract no. DE-AC02-76SF00515. Part of the sample injector used at LCLS for this research was funded by the National Institutes of Health, P41 GM103393, formerly P41RR001209. We acknowledge support from the Max Planck Society. The study was supported by travel grants from the CNRS (GoToXFEL) to MW, an ANR grant to MW, MC, MSl (BioXFEL), a PhD fellowship from Lille University to LMU and an MENESR – Univ. Grenoble Alpes fellowship to KH. This work was partially carried out at the platforms of the Grenoble Instruct-ERIC center (IBS and ISBG, UMS 3518 CNRS-CEA-UGA-EMBL) within the Grenoble Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB)., ANR-17-CE11-0047,Cryo-PALM,Microscopie super-résolution par localisation de molécules uniques à température cryogénique.(2017), ANR-10-INBS-0005,FRISBI,Infrastructure Française pour la Biologie Structurale Intégrée(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0003,CBH-EUR-GS,CBH-EUR-GS(2017), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie [Institut Curie] (PCC), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Publica
Subjects: serial femtosecond crystallography, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RESOLFT, Green Fluorescent Proteins, nanoscopy, Atomic, quantum chemistry, Particle and Plasma Physics, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Microscopy, Side chain, switching contrast, Escherichia coli, Nuclear, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Chemical Physics, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Chemistry, photoswitchable fluorescent proteins, Resolution (electron density), Molecular, Chromophore, Fluorescence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Luminescent Proteins, Femtosecond, Biophysics, Generic health relevance, Biological imaging, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract: Reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent proteins are essential markers for advanced biological imaging, and optimization of their photophysical properties underlies improved performance and novel applications. Here we establish a link between photoswitching contrast, a key parameter that largely dictates the achievable resolution in nanoscopy applications, and chromophore conformation in the non-fluorescent state of rsEGFP2, a widely employed label in REversible Saturable OpticaL Fluorescence Transitions (RESOLFT) microscopy. Upon illumination, the cis chromophore of rsEGFP2 isomerizes to two distinct off-state conformations, trans1 and trans2, located on either side of the V151 side chain. Reducing or enlarging the side chain at this position (V151A and V151L variants) leads to single off-state conformations that exhibit higher and lower switching contrast, respectively, compared to the rsEGFP2 parent. The combination of structural information obtained by serial femtosecond crystallography with high-level quantum chemical calculations and with spectroscopic and photophysical data determined in vitro suggests that the changes in switching contrast arise from blue- and red-shifts of the absorption bands associated to trans1 and trans2, respectively. Thus, due to elimination of trans2, the V151A variants of rsEGFP2 and its superfolding variant rsFolder2 display a more than two-fold higher switching contrast than their respective parent proteins, both in vitro and in E. coli cells. The application of the rsFolder2-V151A variant is demonstrated in RESOLFT nanoscopy. Our study rationalizes the connection between structural and photophysical chromophore properties and suggests a means to rationally improve fluorescent proteins for nanoscopy applications.
Published: 2022
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9. The Moroccan Anti-Atlas ophiolites: Timing and melting processes in an intra-oceanic arc-back-arc environment

Author: Ricardo I.F. Trindade, Mélina Macouin, Nasser Ennih, Florent Hodel, A. Chatir, J. Langlade, Jean-Marc Baele, Antoine Triantafyllou, Marc Poujol, Nadine Mattielli, Julien Berger, Christophe Monnier, Mihai N. Ducea, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Arizona, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Mons (UMons), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Chouaib Doukkali (UCD), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Grant 2016/06114-6 of the TelluS-SYSTER program of Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU, CNRS, France) and French Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (MENESR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: Incompatible element, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, U-Pb dating, Geochemistry, West African Craton, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Ophiolite, 01 natural sciences, MAGMATISMO, Precambrian, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Ultramafic rock, Arc system, Géologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Geology, biology.organism_classification, Back-arc, 13. Climate action, SSZ, Mafic, Neoproterozoic, Protolith, Lile, Serpentinite
Abstract: The Moroccan Anti-Atlas orogenic belt encloses several Precambrian inliers comprising two major Neoproterozoic ophiolitic complexes: the Sirwa and Bou Azzer ophiolites. These ophiolites expose crustal and mantle units, thrusting over fragments of a long-lived intra-oceanic arc system. We present a detailed geochronological and petro-geochemical study of three mafic/ultramafic units of these two ophiolites: the Khzama sequence (Sirwa ophiolite) and the Northern and Southern Aït Ahmane sequences (Bou Azzer ophiolite). The crystallization of layered metagabbros from the Bou Azzer ophiolite (North Aït Ahmane sequence) has been dated here at 759 ± 2 Ma (U-Pb on zircons). This new age for the Bou Azzer ophiolite is similar to the formation of the Sirwa ophiolite (762 Ma) and suggests that both units formed during the same spreading event. Metabasalts of the three units show tholeiitic signature but with variable subduction-related imprints marked by LILE enrichments, HFSE depletions and variable Ti contents, similar to modern back-arc basin basalts (BABB). Their back-arc origin is also supported by the geochemical signature of ultramafic units showing very low contents in major and trace incompatible elements (Al2O3: 0.12–1.53 wt%, Ti: 3.5–64.2 ppm and Nb: 0.004–0.10 ppm), attesting of a highly refractory protolith. This is in agreement with the high Cr (0.44–0.81) and low to intermediate Mg (0.25–0.73) of their constitutive Cr-spinels. Dynamic melting models suggest that these serpentinites experienced intense and polyphased hydrous melting events, strongly influenced by supra-subduction zone SSZ-fluid influx and subduction-related melt percolation. Being particularly affected by these SSZ-melt/rock interactions and closer to arc units to the south, the Sirwa ophiolite and the South Aït Ahmane unit of the Bou Azzer ophiolite likely represent an early stage of the arc-back-arc system, which has been more influenced by the magmatic products of the arc activity compared to the North Aït Ahmane unit of the Bou Azzer ophiolite., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020
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10. Exercise training as a modulator of epigenetic events in prostate tumors

Author: Amin Isanejad, Carmen P. Wong, Amélie Rébillard, Jordan Gueritat, Marie-Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Eva Serna, Suzanne Dufresne, Emily Ho, Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Oregon State University (OSU), Universitat de València (UV), Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS) Rennes, Ministere de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche (MENESR), ARC Foundation for Cancer Research, Oregon Agricultural Experimental Station Hatch Funds [OR00735], and Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Methyltransferase, Urology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030232 urology & nephrology, Epigenesis, Genetic, Histones, 03 medical and health sciences, Prostate cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, microRNA, medicine, Animals, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Epigenetics, biology, business.industry, Prostatic Neoplasms, Cancer, Epigenome, DNA Methylation, medicine.disease, Rats, 3. Good health, Histone, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, DNA methylation, biology.protein, Cancer research, business
Abstract: International audience; Background Exercise is increasingly recognized as an effective strategy to improve cancer prevention and prognosis. Several biological mechanisms mediating these benefits have been proposed, but the role of epigenetics remains largely unknown. Since epigenetics is highly susceptible to lifestyle factors, we hypothesized that exercise could affect the epigenome landscape in cancer tissues. Methods Rats implanted with AT1 prostate tumors were randomized to either control or exercise training. microRNA expression, DNA methylation and histone acetylation were analyzed in the tumor tissue. Results MiR-27a-5p appeared to be differently expressed between sedentary and trained rats. Furthermore, exercise increased global DNA methylation and decreased DNA methyltransferases mRNA expression in the tumor tissue. Histone acetylation however remained unaltered. Conclusion Overall, exercise might reverse some of the cancer-related epigenetic alterations in the prostate tumor tissue.
Published: 2021
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11. Borane-Catalysed Dinitrogen Borylation by 1,3-B–H Bond Addition

Author: Antoine Simonneau, Sébastien Bontemps, Anaïs Coffinet, Laure Vendier, Dan Zhang, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MENESR, European Research Council (ERC) - Grant Agreement 757501 - OrFuNCo, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010405 organic chemistry, Hydrogen bond, Ligand, Diisopinocampheylborane, Borane, 010402 general chemistry, Triple bond, 01 natural sciences, Medicinal chemistry, Borylation, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Covalent bond, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Catecholborane
Abstract: The borylation of ligated dinitrogen by 1,3-B-H bond addition over a W-N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N unit using various hydroboranes has been examined. In a previous study, we have shown that Piers' borane (1) reacted with the tungsten dinitrogen complex 2 to afford a boryldiazenido-hydrido-tungsten species. The ease and mildness of this reaction have encouraged us to extend its scope, with the working hypothesis that 1 could potentially catalyse the 1,3-B-H bond addition of other hydroboranes. Under productive reaction conditions, dicyclohexylborane (HBCy2) and diisopinocampheylborane (HBIpc2) underwent retro-hydroboration to give cyclohexylborane (H2BCy) or isopinocampheylborane (H2BIpc), respectively; these monoalkylboranes act as N2-borylating agents in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1. Under similar conditions, 9-borabicyclononane (9-BBN) slowly adds over the W-N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N unit without rearrangement to a monoalkylborane. Catecholborane (HBcat) undergoes the 1,3-B-H bond addition without the need for a catalyst. We were not able to build more than one covalent B-N bond between the terminal N of the N2 ligand and the boron reagent with this methodology.
Published: 2021
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12. A Novel Nanobody Precisely Visualizes Phosphorylated Histone H2AX in Living Cancer Cells under Drug-Induced Replication Stress

Author: Jeremy Ranniger, Pascal Didier, Manuela Chiper, Gabrielle Zeder-Lutz, Christian Massute, Barbara Di Ventura, Mustapha Oulad-Abdelghani, Eric Moeglin, Arnaud Poterszman, Alastair G. McEwen, Pierre Lafaye, Audrey Stoessel, Dominique Desplancq, Etienne Weiss, Biotechnologie et signalisation cellulaire (BSC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche de l'Ecole de biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ingénierie des Anticorps (plate-forme) - Antibody Engineering (Platform), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by EUCOR-The European Campus (Seed Money #22), the Ligue Régionale contre le Cancer (Comité du Haut-Rhin), the French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology FRISBI (ANR-10-INBS-05), the Instruct-ERIC and Instruct-ULTRA infrastructure of EU Horizon 2020 (grant ID 731005), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy through EXC294 (BIOSS—Center for Biological Signalling Studies) and EXC2189 (CIBSS—Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Project ID 390939984), and the Universities of Strasbourg and Freiburg. E.M. was founded by a MENESR fellowship., ANR-10-INBS-0005,FRISBI,Infrastructure Française pour la Biologie Structurale Intégrée(2010), European Project: 731005,H2020-INFRADEV-2016-1,INSTRUCT-ULTRA(2017), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de recherche de l'Ecole de biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), POTERSZMAN, Arnaud, Infrastructure Française pour la Biologie Structurale Intégrée - - FRISBI2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0005 - INBS - VALID, and Releasing the full potential of Instruct to expand and consolidate infrastructure services for integrated structural life science research - INSTRUCT-ULTRA - - H2020-INFRADEV-2016-12017-01-01 - 2020-12-31 - 731005 - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Phage display, DNA damage, replication stress, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Transduction (genetics), 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, one-step detection, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, H2AX, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]/Immunologie, RC254-282, Phosphorylated Histone H2AX, phosphorylation, Histone H2AX, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, imaging, Fusion protein, genotoxicity assay in live cells, 3. Good health, Cell biology, nanobody, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer cell, cancer cells, DNA
Abstract: Simple Summary γ-H2AX, a phosphorylated variant of histone H2A, is a widely used biomarker of DNA replication stress. To develop an immunological probe able to detect and track γ-H2AX in live cancer cells, we have isolated single domain antibodies (called nanobodies) that are easily expressed as functional recombinant proteins and here we report the extensive characterization of a novel nanobody that specifically recognizes γ-H2AX. The interaction of this nanobody with the C-terminal end of γ-H2AX was determined by X-ray crystallography. Moreover, the generation of a bivalent nanobody allowed us to precisely detect γ-H2AX foci in drug-treated cells as efficiently as with commercially available conventional antibodies. Furthermore, we tracked γ-H2AX foci in live cells upon intracellular delivery of the bivalent nanobody fused to the red fluorescent protein dTomato, making, consequently, this new cost-effective reagent useful for studying drug-induced replication stress in both fixed and living cancer cells. Abstract Histone H2AX phosphorylated at serine 139 (γ-H2AX) is a hallmark of DNA damage, signaling the presence of DNA double-strand breaks and global replication stress in mammalian cells. While γ-H2AX can be visualized with antibodies in fixed cells, its detection in living cells was so far not possible. Here, we used immune libraries and phage display to isolate nanobodies that specifically bind to γ-H2AX. We solved the crystal structure of the most soluble nanobody in complex with the phosphopeptide corresponding to the C-terminus of γ-H2AX and show the atomic constituents behind its specificity. We engineered a bivalent version of this nanobody and show that bivalency is essential to quantitatively visualize γ-H2AX in fixed drug-treated cells. After labelling with a chemical fluorophore, we were able to detect γ-H2AX in a single-step assay with the same sensitivity as with validated antibodies. Moreover, we produced fluorescent nanobody-dTomato fusion proteins and applied a transduction strategy to visualize with precision γ-H2AX foci present in intact living cells following drug treatment. Together, this novel tool allows performing fast screenings of genotoxic drugs and enables to study the dynamics of this particular chromatin modification in individual cancer cells under a variety of conditions.
Published: 2021
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13. Anaerobic oxidation of methane and associated microbiome in anoxic water of Northwestern Siberian lakes

Author: Cabrol, Lea, Thalasso, Frederic, Gandois, Laure, Sepulveda-Jauregui, Armando, Martinez-Cruz, Karla, Teisserenc, Roman, Tananaev, Nikita, Tveit, Alexander Tøsdal, Svenning, Mette M., Barret, Maialen, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire analytique en biogéochimie de l'environnement [Montréal], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), University of Tromsø (UiT), European Project: ELAC2014 DCC-0092,Methanobase, Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Magallanes (UMAG), Melnikov Permafrost Institute, The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), MAEDI (Ministère des Affaires Etrangères et duDéveloppement International) and MENESR (Ministère de l'Éducationnationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche) French ministries and CONICYT (Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica yTecnológica) (Chile) forfinancial support through the ERANet-LAC jointprogramMETHANOBASE (ELAC2014_DCC-009), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Center for Climate and Resilience Research - CR2 (CHILE), University of Magallanes - UMAG (CHILE), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional - CINVESTAV-IPN (MEXICO), Melnikov Permafrost Institute (RUSSIA), Universitetet i Tromsø – Norges arktiske universitet - UiT (NORWAY), Universidad de Chile - UCHILE (CHILE), Universidad de Valparaiso - UV (CHILE), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), and University of Magallane - UMAG (CHILE)
Subjects: [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Methylomonadaceae, Methylobacter, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Permafrost, Methanotroph, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Arctic, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, Environnement et Société, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Anaerobic oxidation of methane, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480
Abstract: Arctic lakes emit methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. The magnitude of this flux could increase with permafrost thaw but might also be mitigated by microbial CH4 oxidation. Methane oxidation in oxic water has been extensively studied, while the contribution of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) to CH4 mitigation is not fully understood. We have investigated four Northern Siberian stratified lakes in an area of discontinuous permafrost nearby Igarka, Russia. Analyses of CH4 concentrations in the water column demonstrated that 60 to 100% of upward diffusing CH4 was oxidized in the anoxic layers of the four lakes. A combination of pmoA and mcrA gene qPCR and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding showed that the same taxa, all within Methylomonadaceae and including the predominant genus Methylobacter as well as Crenothrix, could be the major methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) in the anoxic water of the four lakes. Correlation between Methylomonadaceae and OTUs within Methylotenera, Geothrix and Geobacter genera indicated that AOM might occur in an interaction between MOB, denitrifiers and iron-cycling partners. We conclude that MOB within Methylomonadaceae could have a crucial impact on CH4 cycling in these Siberian Arctic lakes by mitigating the majority of produced CH4 before it leaves the anoxic zone. This finding emphasizes the importance of AOM by Methylomonadaceae and extends our knowledge about CH4 cycle in lakes, a crucial component of the global CH4 cycle.
Published: 2020
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14. Autotransporters Drive Biofilm Formation and Autoaggregation in the Diderm Firmicute Veillonella parvula

Author: Jean-Marc Ghigo, Nathalie Béchon, Emilie Bierque, Najwa Taib, Christophe Beloin, Jerzy Witwinowski, Laurence Ma, Simonetta Gribaldo, Thomas Cokelaer, Alicia Jiménez-Fernández, Génétique des Biofilms - Genetics of Biofilms, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Biologie Evolutive de la Cellule Microbienne - Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, Collège doctoral [Sorbonne universités], Sorbonne Université (SU), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Biomics (plateforme technologique), Institut Pasteur [Paris], French National Research Agency (ANR) (Fir-OM ANR-16-CE12-0010), from the Institut Pasteur 'Programmes Transversaux de Recherche' (PTR 39-16), from the French government's Investissement d'Avenir Program, Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant n°ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) and from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (grant DEQ20180339185). N.B. was supported by a MENESR (Ministère Français de l’Education Nationale, de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche) fellowship. A.J.F. was supported by a PRESTIGE program from Campus France., ANR-16-CE12-0010,Fir-OM,Firmicutes avec une membrane externe: vers des nouveaux modeles d'étude de la transition monodermes/didermes(2016), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège Doctoral, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: Type V Secretion Systems, Firmicutes, Veillonella, Microbiology, Bacterial Adhesion, Veillonella parvula, Clostridia, 03 medical and health sciences, stomatognathic system, Spotlight, Adhesins, Bacterial, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Negativicutes, biology, diderm firmicutes, 030306 microbiology, autotransporter proteins, Biofilm, adhesins, biology.organism_classification, Bacterial adhesin, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Biofilms, Proteobacteria, Bacterial outer membrane, Bacteria, Research Article, Autotransporters
Abstract: Veillonella parvula is an anaerobic commensal and opportunistic pathogen whose ability to adhere to surfaces or other bacteria and form biofilms is critical for it to inhabit complex human microbial communities such as the gut and oral microbiota. Although the adhesive capacity of V. parvula has been previously described, very little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms due to a lack of genetically amenable Veillonella strains. In this study, we took advantage of a naturally transformable V. parvula isolate and newly adapted genetic tools to identify surface-exposed adhesins called autotransporters as the main molecular determinants of adhesion in this bacterium. This work therefore provides new insights on an important aspect of the V. parvula lifestyle, opening new possibilities for mechanistic studies of the contribution of biofilm formation to the biology of this major commensal of the oral-digestive tract., The Negativicutes are a clade of the Firmicutes that have retained the ancestral diderm character and possess an outer membrane. One of the best studied Negativicutes, Veillonella parvula, is an anaerobic commensal and opportunistic pathogen inhabiting complex human microbial communities, including the gut and the dental plaque microbiota. Whereas the adhesion and biofilm capacities of V. parvula are expected to be crucial for its maintenance and development in these environments, studies of V. parvula adhesion have been hindered by the lack of efficient genetic tools to perform functional analyses in this bacterium. Here, we took advantage of a recently described naturally transformable V. parvula isolate, SKV38, and adapted tools developed for the closely related Clostridia spp. to perform random transposon and targeted mutagenesis to identify V. parvula genes involved in biofilm formation. We show that type V secreted autotransporters, typically found in diderm bacteria, are the main determinants of V. parvula autoaggregation and biofilm formation and compete with each other for binding either to cells or to surfaces, with strong consequences for V. parvula biofilm formation capacity. The identified trimeric autotransporters have an original structure compared to classical autotransporters identified in Proteobacteria, with an additional C-terminal domain. We also show that inactivation of the gene coding for a poorly characterized metal-dependent phosphohydrolase HD domain protein conserved in the Firmicutes and their closely related diderm phyla inhibits autotransporter-mediated biofilm formation. This study paves the way for further molecular characterization of V. parvula interactions with other bacteria and the host within complex microbiota environments. IMPORTANCE Veillonella parvula is an anaerobic commensal and opportunistic pathogen whose ability to adhere to surfaces or other bacteria and form biofilms is critical for it to inhabit complex human microbial communities such as the gut and oral microbiota. Although the adhesive capacity of V. parvula has been previously described, very little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms due to a lack of genetically amenable Veillonella strains. In this study, we took advantage of a naturally transformable V. parvula isolate and newly adapted genetic tools to identify surface-exposed adhesins called autotransporters as the main molecular determinants of adhesion in this bacterium. This work therefore provides new insights on an important aspect of the V. parvula lifestyle, opening new possibilities for mechanistic studies of the contribution of biofilm formation to the biology of this major commensal of the oral-digestive tract.
Published: 2020
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15. Capsular Polysaccharide Cross-Regulation Modulates Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Biofilm Formation

Author: Christophe Beloin, Florian Chain, Jean-Marc Ghigo, Sol Vendrell-Fernández, Nathalie Béchon, Philippe Langella, Jovana Mihajlovic, Génétique des Biofilms - Genetics of Biofilms, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité [Paris] (ED BioSPC), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université de Paris (UP), Interactions des Bactéries Commensales et Probiotiques avec l'Hôte (Probihôte), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was supported by an Institut Pasteur grant and by the French government’s Investissement d’Avenir Program, Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (grant DEQ20180339185). N. Béchon was supported by a MENESR (Ministère Français de l’Education Nationale, de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche) fellowship. J. Mihajlovic was supported by the Pasteur Paris University International Doctoral Program and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (grant FDT20160435523)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité [Paris] (ED562 - BioSPC), and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Male, Bacterial Adhesion, biofilm, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, MESH: Animals, MESH: Polysaccharides, Bacterial, MESH: Mutagenesis, chemistry.chemical_classification, Mice, Inbred C3H, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Chemistry, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, QR1-502, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, 3. Good health, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Research Article, Glycosylation, capsule, Population, MESH: Biofilms, Polysaccharide, digestive system, Microbiology, Host-Microbe Biology, MESH: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Virology, MESH: Bacterial Capsules, Animals, MESH: Bacterial Adhesion, MESH: Mice, Inbred C3H, education, MESH: Mice, Bacterial Capsules, 030304 developmental biology, 030306 microbiology, Biofilm, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Editor's Pick, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Male, MESH: Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Mutagenesis, Biofilms, bacteria, Transposon mutagenesis, Bacteria
Abstract: The human gut harbors a complex bacterial community that plays important roles in host health and disease, including nutrient acquisition, maturation of the immune system, and resistance to infections. The capacity to adhere to surfaces and form communities called biofilms is believed to be important for niche colonization and maintenance of gut bacteria. However, little is known about the adhesion capacity of most gut bacteria. In this study, we investigated biofilm formation in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, one of the most abundant bacteria of the normal mammalian intestine. We identified that B. thetaiotaomicron capsules, a group of eight surface-exposed polysaccharidic layers mediating important interactions with the gut environment, are also major determinants of biofilm formation that mask or unmask adhesion factors. Studying how B. thetaiotaomicron regulates its adhesion properties will allow us to better understand the physiology and specific properties of this important gut symbiont within anaerobic biofilms., Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is one of the most abundant gut symbiont species, whose contribution to host health through its ability to degrade dietary polysaccharides and mature the immune system is under intense scrutiny. In contrast, adhesion and biofilm formation, which are potentially involved in gut colonization and microbiota structure and stability, have hardly been investigated in this intestinal bacterium. To uncover B. thetaiotaomicron biofilm-related functions, we performed a transposon mutagenesis in the poorly biofilm-forming reference strain VPI-5482 and showed that capsule 4, one of the eight B. thetaiotaomicron capsules, hinders biofilm formation. We then showed that the production of capsules 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 also inhibits biofilm formation and that decreased capsulation of the population correlated with increased biofilm formation, suggesting that capsules could be masking adhesive surface structures. In contrast, we showed that capsule 8 displayed intrinsic adhesive properties. Finally, we demonstrated that BT2934, the wzx homolog of the B. thetaiotaomicron glycosylation locus, competes with capsule production and impacts its adhesion capacity. This study therefore establishes B. thetaiotaomicron capsule regulation as a major determinant of B. thetaiotaomicron biofilm formation, providing new insights into how modulation of different B. thetaiotaomicron surface structures affects in vitro biofilm formation.
Published: 2020
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16. NHC Core Phosphonium Ylide-based Palladium(II) Pincer Complexes: The Second Ylide Extremity Makes the Difference

Author: Cécile Barthes, Yves Canac, Dmitry A. Valyaev, Rachid Taakili, Amel Goëffon, Carine Duhayon, Christine Lepetit, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS, MENESR, Mitacs program (Grant No. 2019 [0851] and Grant No. 2019 [085008]), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Allylation, NHC, Phosphonium ylide, chemistry.chemical_element, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Medicinal chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Carbon ligand, Pincer, Molecular orbital, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Phosphonium, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Isostructural, chemistry.chemical_classification, Phenolate, 010405 organic chemistry, Ligand, 0104 chemical sciences, Pincer movement, chemistry, Ylide, Carbene, Palladium
Abstract: International audience; The coordinating properties of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) (A), phenolate (B), and phosphonium ylide (C) moieties were investigated systematically through the preparation of a family of NHC, phosphonium ylide-based pincer ligands, where the third donor extremity can be either an NHC, a phenolate, or a phosphonium ylide. The overall donor character of such ligands [NHC(AaBbCc)] (a + b + c = 2) was analyzed by comparison of the molecular orbitals (energy and shape), oxidation potentials (Epox), and IR νCO and νCN stretching frequencies of their isostructural pincer Pd(II) complexes [NHC(AaBbCc)PdL][OTf] (L = NCCH3, CO, or CNtBu). The three categories of pincer complexes based on phosphonium ylides were easily obtained by acidic treatment of their highly stable ortho-metalated Pd(II) precursors prepared in a single step from readily available N-phosphonio-substituted imidazolium salts. Analysis of IR data indicated that NHC and phenolate ligands have a similar donor character but which remains lower than that of the phosphonium ylide. The impact on catalytic performance of the incorporation of a second strongly donating phosphonium ylide into the ligand architecture was illustrated in the Pd-catalyzed allylation of aldehydes.
Published: 2020
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17. Exercise training improves radiotherapy efficiency in a murine model of prostate cancer

Author: Mohamad Assi, Sophie Chiavassa, C. Noblet, Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq, Jordan Gueritat, Françoise Rannou-Bekono, François Paris, Suzanne Dufresne, Luz Lefeuvre-Orfila, Amélie Rébillard, Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), CRLCC René Gauducheau, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Ministere de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche (MENESR), Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, physical activity, Apoptosis, Biochemistry, radiation therapy, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Subcutaneous injection, Prostate cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Line, Tumor, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Gene expression, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Antigens, Ly, Humans, Receptor, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Radiotherapy, treatment, Caspase 3, business.industry, Prostatic Neoplasms, Cancer, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, 3. Good health, Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit, Radiation therapy, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K, oncology, Cancer research, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B, Biotechnology
Abstract: Engaging in exercise while undergoing radiotherapy (RT) has been reported to be safe and achievable. The impact of exercise training (ET) on RT efficiency is however largely unknown. Our study aims to investigate the interactions between ET and RT on prostate cancer growth. Athymic mice received a subcutaneous injection of PPC-1 cells and were randomly assigned to either cancer control, cancer ET, cancer RT, or cancer RT combined with ET (CaRT-ET). Mice were sacrificed 24 days post-injection. All three intervention groups had reduced tumor size, the most important decrease being observed in CaRT-ET mice. Apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 was not modified by ET, but enhanced with RT. Importantly, this increase was the highest when the two strategies were combined. Furthermore, NK1.1 staining and gene expression of natural killer (NK) cell receptors Klrk1 and Il2rβ were not affected by ET alone but were increased with RT, this effect being potentiated when combined with ET. Overall, our study shows that (a) ET enhances RT efficiency by potentiating NK cell infiltration, and (b) while ET alone and ET combined with RT both reduce tumor growth, the mechanisms mediating these effects are different.
Published: 2020
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18. NHC Core Pincer Ligands Exhibiting Two Anionic Coordinating Extremities

Author: Rachid Taakili, Yves Canac, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS, MENESR, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Anions, Models, Molecular, Amide, NHC, Heteroatom, Phosphonium ylide, Oxide, Pharmaceutical Science, Thio, Review, 010402 general chemistry, Ligands, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, lcsh:QD241-441, chemistry.chemical_compound, Carbon ligand, Pincer, lcsh:Organic chemistry, Heterocyclic Compounds, Negative charge, TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY, Drug Discovery, Polymer chemistry, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Phosphonium, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_classification, Molecular Structure, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Pincer movement, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Ylide, Molecular Medicine, Methane
Abstract: The chemistry of NHCcore pincer ligands of LX2 type bearing two pending arms, identical or not, whose coordinating center is anionic in nature, is here reviewed. In this family, the negative charge of the coordinating atoms can be brought either by a carbon atom via a phosphonium ylide (R3P+–CR2−) or by a heteroatom through amide (R2N−), oxide (RO−), or thio(seleno)oxide (RS−, RSe−) donor functionalities. Through selected examples, the synthetic methods, coordination properties, and applications of such tridentate systems are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of the donor ends in the chemical behavior of these species.
Published: 2020
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19. Regioselective C–F Bond Activation/C–C Bond Formation between Fluoropyridines and Cyclopropyl Groups at Zirconium

Author: Laure Vendier, Anthony Pujol, Natalie Crespo, Nuria Romero, Michel Etienne, Quentin Dufrois, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MENESR, CONACYT, and ANR-11-BS-07-009-2
Subjects: Inert, Zirconium, 010405 organic chemistry, Bond, Organic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Regioselectivity, Bond formation, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Medicinal chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, Reaction sequence, chemistry, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: International audience; This paper addresses the problem of the strong and inert C–F bond activation of various fluoropyridines by zirconocene derivatives. Dicyclopropylzirconocene, [Cp2Zr(c-C3H5)2], thermally eliminates cyclopropane, giving the transient intermediate zirconabicyclobutane [Cp2Zr(η2-c-C3H4)] that cleaves a C–F bond of pentafluoropyridine selectively at position 2, forming new Zr–F and C–C bonds stereoselectively to give [Cp2ZrF{c-cis-CHCH2CH(2-NC5F4)}]. DFT computations indicate the selectivity results from the initial formation of an azazirconacycle intermediate that undergoes ring opening and C–F bond cleavage. Transmetalation with a variety of cyclopropyl donors yields [Cp2Zr(c-C3H5){c-cis-CHCH2CH(2-NC5F4)}] with the selectivity depending on the nature of the donor. A synthetic cycle is realized when [Cp2Zr(c-C3H5){c-cis-CHCH2CH(2-NC5F4)}] reacts with pentafluoropyridine, yielding 2-(c-C3H5)NC5F4 and [Cp2ZrF{c-cis-CHCH2CH(2-NC5F4)}] with C–F bond activation. Attempts at converting this reaction sequence to a catalytic version failed due to either decomposition of the active species or multiple C–F bond substitutions by the transmetalating agent.
Published: 2020
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20. Targeting HER2-breast tumors with scFv-decorated bimodal nanoprobes

Author: Alric, Christophe, Hervé-Aubert, Katel, Aubrey, Nicolas, Melouk, Souad, Lajoie, Laurie, Même, William, Même, Sandra, Courbebaisse, Yann, Ignatova, Anastasia A., Feofanov, Alexey V., Chourpa, Igor, Allard-Vannier, Emilie, Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, EA 6295 (NMNS), Université de Tours, Infectiologie Santé Publique (ISP-311), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Groupe innovation et ciblage cellulaire (GICC), EA 7501 [2018-...] (GICC EA 7501), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IDPS-Bertin Pharma, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (IBCh RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Tours (UT), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), French Higher Education and Research ministry under the program 'Investissements d’avenir' Grant Agreement: LabEx MAbImprove ANR-10-LABX-53–01, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 16-54-76013) French Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research (MENESR, Project No. 321 MINERVA), Frames of European program ERA-NET RUS PLUS., Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Soucé, Martin, Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, EA 6295 ( NMNS ), Infectiologie Santé Publique ( ISP-311 ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Tours, Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer ( GICC ), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de biophysique moléculaire ( CBM ), Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry ( IBCh RAS ), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), and Lomonosov Moscow State University ( MSU )
Subjects: [SDV.SP.MED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, lcsh:Medical technology, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Receptor, ErbB-2, lcsh:Biotechnology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Contrast Media, Mice, Nude, Breast tumor, Cyanine 5.5, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Breast Neoplasms, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Ferric Compounds, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Polyethylene Glycols, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.SP.MED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, Cell Line, Tumor, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, Animals, Humans, Human Epithelial growth Receptor 2 (HER2), [SDV.IB.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, [ SDV.IB.IMA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Fluorescent Dyes, [ SDV.SP.MED ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, Research, respiratory system, [ SDV.IB.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, [SDV.IB.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, lcsh:R855-855.5, Iron oxide nanoparticle, Nanoparticles, Female, Single-Chain Antibodies, Single chain variable fragment (scFv)
Abstract: Background Recent advances in nanomedicine have shown the great interest of active targeting associated to nanoparticles. Single chain variable fragments (scFv) of disease-specific antibodies are very promising targeting entities because they are small, not immunogenic and able to bind their specific antigens. The present paper is devoted to biological properties in vitro and in vivo of fluorescent and pegylated iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs-Cy-PEG-scFv) functionalized with scFv targeting Human Epithelial growth Receptor 2 (HER2). Results Thanks to a site-selective scFv conjugation, the resultant nanoprobes demonstrated high affinity and specific binding to HER2 breast cancer cells. The cellular uptake of SPIONs-Cy-PEG-scFv was threefold higher than that for untargeted PEGylated iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs-Cy-PEG) and is correlated to the expression of HER2 on cells. In vivo, the decrease of MR signals in HER2+ xenograft tumor is about 30% at 24 h after the injection. Conclusions These results all indicate that SPIONs-Cy-PEG-scFv are relevant tumor-targeting magnetic resonance imaging agents, suitable for diagnosis of HER2 overexpressing breast tumor. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0341-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018
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21. Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry Enables N2 Borylation by Formal 1,3‐Addition of a B−H Bond in the Coordination Sphere of Tungsten

Author: Michel Etienne, Antoine Simonneau, David Specklin, Anaïs Coffinet, Laure Vendier, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, MENESR, CNRS, ERC - OrFuNCo - Grant agreement ID: 757501, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Coordination sphere, 010405 organic chemistry, Hydrogen bond, Hydride, Organic Chemistry, General Chemistry, Borane, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Borylation, Medicinal chemistry, Catalysis, Frustrated Lewis pair, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Electrophile, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Lewis acids and bases
Abstract: International audience; Dedicated to Professor Max Malacria on the occasion of his 70 th birthday. Abstract: The first example of a formal 1,3-B-H bond addition across the M-N≡N unit of an end-on dinitrogen complex 5 has been achieved. The use of Piers' borane HB(C6F5)2 1 was essential to observe this reactivity and it plays a triple role in this transformation: i) electrophilic N2-borylation agent, ii) Lewis acid in a frustrated Lewis pair-type B-H bond activation and iii) hydride shuttle to the metal center. This chemistry is supported by NMR and solid-state characterization of products and intermediates. The combination of chelate effect and strong sigma donation in the diphosphine depe ligand was mandatory to avoid phosphine dissociation that otherwise led to complexes where borylation of N2 occurred without hydride transfer.
Published: 2019
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22. From Cyanobacteria to Human, MAPEG-Type Glutathione-S-Transferases Operate in Cell Tolerance to Heat, Cold, and Lipid Peroxidation

Author: Veaudor, Théo, Blanc-Garin, Victoire, Chenebault, Célia, Diaz-Santos, Encarnación, Kammerscheit, Xavier, Görgen, Sigrid, Ilioaia, Cristian, Streckaite, Simona, Gall, Andrew, Robert, Bruno, Marcon, Elodie, Buisson, David-Alexandre, Benzerara, Karim, Sassi, Jean-François, Cassier-Chauvat, Corinne, Chauvat, Franck, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie et Biotechnologie des Cyanobactéries (B2CYA), Département Microbiologie (Dpt Microbio), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA-DRF Remember project, MENESR, and Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91198 ´ Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Cyanobacteria, mGST3, mGST2, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutant, lcsh:QR1-502, heterologous complementation, Photosynthesis, Microbiology, Synechocystis PCC 6803, temperature stresses, lcsh:Microbiology, Lipid peroxidation, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, membrane stress, Membrane fluidity, [INFO.INFO-DL]Computer Science [cs]/Digital Libraries [cs.DL], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Original Research, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Reactive oxygen species, biology, 030306 microbiology, microsomal glutathione transferase, Synechocystis, Glutathione, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Biochemistry, knockout mutant
Abstract: International audience; The MAPEG2 sub-family of glutathione-S-transferase proteins (GST) has been poorly investigated in vivo, even in prokaryotes such as cyanobacteria the organisms that are regarded as having developed glutathione-dependent enzymes to protect themselves against the reactive oxygen species (ROS) often produced by their powerful photosynthesis. We report the first in vivo analysis of a cyanobacterial MAPEG2-like protein (Sll1147) in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. While Sll1147 is dispensable to cell growth in standard photo-autotrophic conditions, it plays an important role in the resistance to heat and cold, and to n-tertbutyl hydroperoxide (n-tBOOH) that induces lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that Sll1147 could be involved in membrane fluidity, which is critical for photosynthesis. Attesting its sensitivity to these stresses, the Delta sll1147 mutant lacking Sll1147 challenged by heat, cold, or n-tBOOH undergoes transient accumulation of peroxidized lipids and then of reduced and oxidized glutathione. These results are welcome because little is known concerning the signaling and/or protection mechanisms used by cyanobacteria to cope with heat and cold, two inevitable environmental stresses that limit their growth, and thus their production of biomass for our food chain and of biotechnologically interesting chemicals. Also interestingly, the decreased resistance to heat, cold and n-tBOOH of the Delta sll1147 mutant could be rescued back to normal (wild-type) levels upon the expression of synthetic MAPEG2-encoding human genes adapted to the cyanobacterial codon usage. These synthetic hmGST2 and hmGST3 genes were also able to increase the Escherichia coli tolerance to heat and n-tBOOH. Collectively, these finding indicate that the activity of the MAPEG2 proteins have been conserved, at least in part, during evolution from (cyano)bacteria to human.
Published: 2019
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23. NDN-over-ZigBee: A ZigBee support for Named Data Networking

Author: Samia Bouzefrane, Paul Muhlethaler, Amar Abane, Mehammed Daoui, CEDRIC. Réseaux et Objets Connectés (CEDRIC - ROC), Centre d'études et de recherche en informatique et communications (CEDRIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LARI), Université Mouloud Mammeri [Tizi Ouzou] (UMMTO), Wireless Networking for Evolving & Adaptive Applications (EVA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), This work is supported by 17MDU988 project which is a PHC (Partenariat Hubert Curien) Tassili, a French–Algerian cooperation program. This Tassili project is funded by the French ministries (MAEDI and MENESR) and the Algerian ministry MESRS ., and Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)
Subjects: IoT, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Content based networking, Named Data Networking, ZigBee, Hardware and Architecture, Home automation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Wireless, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Internet of Things, business, Software, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; Named Data Networking (NDN) is a new architecture which allows communications using data’s natural names rather than hosts’ logical addresses. In recent years, several research projects have demonstrated the ability of NDN to support emerging IoT applications like home automation, smart cities and smart farming applications. This work aims to integrate NDN with ZigBee to give NDN a better support for IoT applications that are known to require wireless sensing/actuating abilities, mobility support and low power consumption. For this purpose, we present our NDN-over-ZigBee design and we show through experiments conducted with three different scenarios the suitability and the ease of use of NDN in IoT context. The choice of ZigBee is motivated by the fact that it is a network specification for low-power wireless personal area networks (WPANs) and supports a large number of nodes.
Published: 2019
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24. Photochemical Oxidative Addition of Germane and Diphenylgermane to Ruthenium Dihydride Complexes

Author: Hannah Kendall, Sylviane Sabo-Etienne, Katharine A. Smart, Adrian C. Whitwood, Mary Grellier, Robin N. Perutz, Simon W. Evans, David Dickinson, Barbara Procacci, Department of Economics, Appalachian State University, University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], EPSRC, CNRS, and MENESR
Subjects: 010405 organic chemistry, Hydride, Organic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Oxidative addition, 0104 chemical sciences, Ruthenium, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Germane, Octahedral molecular geometry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, DuPhos, Isomerization, Cis–trans isomerism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Photochemical reactions of germane and diphenylgermane with Ru(PP) 2 H 2 (PP = R 2 PCH 2 CH 2 PR 2 or DuPhos, R = Ph dppe, R = Et depe, R = Me dmpe) are reported. Reaction with GeH 4 generates a mixture of cis and trans isomers of Ru(PP) 2 (GeH 3 )H except for the DuPhos complex which yields the product only in the cis form. In situ laser photolysis (355 nm) demonstrates that the initial product is the cis isomer that undergoes thermal isomerization to the trans isomer. The complex cis-[Ru(dppe) 2 (GeH 3 )H] crystallizes selectively, allowing determination of its X-ray structure as a germyl hydride with a long Ru-H···Ge separation of 2.64(3) Å indicating that no residual interaction between the RuH and Ge is present. DFT calculations are also consistent with full oxidative addition. The structure of cis-[Ru(DuPhos) 2 (GeH 3 )H] reveals significant distortion from an octahedral geometry. The major species in the crystal (95%) exhibits a structure with a Ru-H···Ge distance of 2.42(5) Å suggesting negligible interaction between these centers. DFT calculations of the structure are consistent with the experimental determination. The reactions of Ru(PP) 2 H 2 with diphenylgermane yield cis-[Ru(PP) 2 (GePh 2 H)H] exclusively for PP = dmpe and depe, while the cis isomer is dominant in the case of dppe. A photochemical competition reaction between Ru(dppe) 2 (H) 2 and the two substrates Ph 2 SiH 2 and Ph 2 GeH 2 results in both Si-H and Ge-H oxidative addition activation with a kinetic preference (0.18:1) for the germyl hydride product. Thermal conversion of Ru(dppe) 2 (SiPh 2 H)H to Ru(dppe) 2 (GePh 2 H)H is observed on heating.
Published: 2019
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25. Balance and dominance in the vocabulary of German-Turkish primary schoolchildren

Author: Montanari, Elke, AKINCI, Mehmet-Ali, Abel, Roman, Dynamique du Langage In Situ (DYLIS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), and Partenariats Hubert Curien PROCOPE). France > Ministères des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international (MAEDI) et de l’Education nationale l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (MENESR). Allemagne > DAAD, (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, German Academic Exchange Service)
Subjects: Turkish, balance, German, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, dominance, vocabulary, primary school, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Ausgewogenheit hat die Debatten über Bilingualität oft inspiriert; doch wie häufig sind ausgewogene Zweisprachige, und hat Ausgewogenheiteinen positiven Einfluss auf Sprachbeherrschung? Diese Fragen untersuchen wir mit dem Fokus auf den ersten Schuljahren, in der die Kinder einen hohen Anteil ihres Inputs in der Schulsprache erhalten. Wir diskutieren die folgenden Forschungsfragen in Bezug auf den Wortschatz: Korrelieren ausgewogene Testergebnisse in zwei Sprachen mit insgesamt stärkeren Testergebnissen? Geht ein ausgewogener Gebrauch von zwei Sprachen mit einem ausgewogenen Wortschatz einher? Dafür wurden 98 Deutsch-Türkisch-sprachige Schülerinnen und Schüler in einem Querschnittsdesign mit einem Bildbenennungstest auf expressiven und rezeptiven Wortschatz untersucht. Durch Subtraktion der türkischen Ergebnisse von den individuellen deutschen Resultaten wurde ein Dominanz-/Balanceindex für jedes Kind errechnet. Die Testergebnisse zeigen eine kontinuierliche Verschiebung zu einer Dominanz in der Mehrheitssprache Deutsch. Die konsequente Verwendung des Türkischen in der Familie wirkt sich positiv auf den türkischen Wortschatz aus, nicht aber negativ auf den deutschen Wortschatz. Wir fandenkeinen positiven Effekt von Ausgewogenheit. Als mögliche Einschränkung wird angemerkt, dass die Verwendung desselben Testverfahrens in mehreren Sprachen aufgrund von Testeffekten einzelne Sprachgruppen bevorzugen könnte.; Balanced bilingualism has inspired debates on bilingualism for a long time, but several questions related to this discourse remain unanswered. How common are balanced bilinguals? Does balance have a positive impact on language proficiency? More specifically, when children begin to frequent schools and thus have a lot of oral and literal input in the school language, how do balance and dominance develop? The present paper discusses the following research questions with respect to vocabulary: Do balanced test results in two languages correlate with a better proficiency than unbalanced results? Moreover, is a balanced use of two languages accompanied by a balanced vocabulary? We used a picture naming task to test the expressive and receptive vocabulary of 98 German-Turkish speaking schoolchildren in a cross-sectional design. To determine balance resp. dominance, we used a combined score of the values in the German and the Turkish testing. The balance/dominance scores show a continuous shift to dominance in the majority language. Consistent use of Turkish has an effect on Turkish vocabulary, but not a negative impact on vocabulary in German. There was no overall positive influence of balanced bilingualism.; Balanced bilingualism has inspired debates on bilingualism for a long time, but several questions related to this discourse remain unanswered. How common are balanced bilinguals? Does balance have a positive impact on language proficiency? More specifically, when children begin to frequent schools and thus have a lot of oral and literal input in the school language, how do balance and dominance develop? The present paper discusses the following research questions with respect to vocabulary: Do balanced test results in two languages correlate with a better proficiency than unbalanced results? Moreover, is a balanced use of two languages accompanied by a balanced vocabulary? We used a picture naming task to test the expressive and receptive vocabulary of 98 German-Turkish speaking schoolchildren in a cross-sectional design. To determine balance or dominance, we used a combined score of the values in the German and the Turkish testing. The balance/dominance scores show a continuous shift to dominance in the majority language. Consistent use of Turkish has an effect on Turkish vocabulary, but not a negative impact on vocabulary in German. There was no overall positive influence of balanced bilingualism. Türkçe özet Dengeli ikidillilik, son zamanlarda ikidillilik üzerine gerçekleştirilen birçok çalışmanın araştırma konusu olmuştur, ancak dengeli ikidilliliğin ne denli yaygın olduğu ve dengenin dil becerisi üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olup olmadığı merak konusudur. Özellikle, diller arasındaki denge ve baskınlığın, çocuğun okul dönemine girmesiyle birlikte gerçekleşen sözlü ve yazılı girdi artışından nasıl etkilendiği araştırılmalıdır. Bu makale, sözcük dağarcığı kapsamında şu araştırma sorularına yanıt aramaktadır: Her iki dilde de denge saptanan test sonuçlarında, denge saptanmayan test sonuçlarına göre dil becerisi daha mı gelişmiştir? Ayrıca dillerin dengeli kullanımı aynı zamanda her iki dilde de eşit sözcük dağarcığına mı işaret etmektedir? Bu amaçla, 98 Almanca-Türkçe ikidilli ilkokul öğrencisinin konuşma ve anlama becerisini, görsellerin çeşitliliğini de gözeterek, resim adlandırma testiyle inceledik. Diller arasında denge mi baskınlık mı olduğunu saptamak için, Almanca ve Türkçe test sonuçlarının puanlarını birleştirerek değerlendirdik. Denge/baskınlık puanları çoğunluk dilinde sürekli bir değişime işaret etmektedir. Düzenli Türkçe kullanımı Türkçe sözcük dağarcığını olumlu yönde etkilerken, Almanca sözcük dağarcığı üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olmamaktadır. Genel olarak bakıldığında dengeli iki
Published: 2019
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26. Balance and dominance in the vocabulary of German-Turkish primary schoolchildren

Author: Roman Abel, Mehmet-Ali Akinci, Elke G. Montanari, Dynamique du Langage In Situ (DYLIS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), and Partenariats Hubert Curien PROCOPE). France > Ministères des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international (MAEDI) et de l’Education nationale l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (MENESR). Allemagne > DAAD, (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, German Academic Exchange Service)
Subjects: Cultural Studies, Vocabulary, Turkish, media_common.quotation_subject, dominance, 050105 experimental psychology, Language and Linguistics, primary school, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, German, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Neuroscience of multilingualism, media_common, vocabulary, 060201 languages & linguistics, Communication, 05 social sciences, balance, 06 humanities and the arts, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, Does balance, language.human_language, 0602 languages and literature, language, Research questions, Psychology, On Language, Picture naming, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; Ausgewogenheit hat die Debatten über Bilingualität oft inspiriert; doch wie häufig sind ausgewogene Zweisprachige, und hat Ausgewogenheiteinen positiven Einfluss auf Sprachbeherrschung? Diese Fragen untersuchen wir mit dem Fokus auf den ersten Schuljahren, in der die Kinder einen hohen Anteil ihres Inputs in der Schulsprache erhalten. Wir diskutieren die folgenden Forschungsfragen in Bezug auf den Wortschatz: Korrelieren ausgewogene Testergebnisse in zwei Sprachen mit insgesamt stärkeren Testergebnissen? Geht ein ausgewogener Gebrauch von zwei Sprachen mit einem ausgewogenen Wortschatz einher? Dafür wurden 98 Deutsch-Türkisch-sprachige Schülerinnen und Schüler in einem Querschnittsdesign mit einem Bildbenennungstest auf expressiven und rezeptiven Wortschatz untersucht. Durch Subtraktion der türkischen Ergebnisse von den individuellen deutschen Resultaten wurde ein Dominanz-/Balanceindex für jedes Kind errechnet. Die Testergebnisse zeigen eine kontinuierliche Verschiebung zu einer Dominanz in der Mehrheitssprache Deutsch. Die konsequente Verwendung des Türkischen in der Familie wirkt sich positiv auf den türkischen Wortschatz aus, nicht aber negativ auf den deutschen Wortschatz. Wir fandenkeinen positiven Effekt von Ausgewogenheit. Als mögliche Einschränkung wird angemerkt, dass die Verwendung desselben Testverfahrens in mehreren Sprachen aufgrund von Testeffekten einzelne Sprachgruppen bevorzugen könnte.; Balanced bilingualism has inspired debates on bilingualism for a long time, but several questions related to this discourse remain unanswered. How common are balanced bilinguals? Does balance have a positive impact on language proficiency? More specifically, when children begin to frequent schools and thus have a lot of oral and literal input in the school language, how do balance and dominance develop? The present paper discusses the following research questions with respect to vocabulary: Do balanced test results in two languages correlate with a better proficiency than unbalanced results? Moreover, is a balanced use of two languages accompanied by a balanced vocabulary? We used a picture naming task to test the expressive and receptive vocabulary of 98 German-Turkish speaking schoolchildren in a cross-sectional design. To determine balance resp. dominance, we used a combined score of the values in the German and the Turkish testing. The balance/dominance scores show a continuous shift to dominance in the majority language. Consistent use of Turkish has an effect on Turkish vocabulary, but not a negative impact on vocabulary in German. There was no overall positive influence of balanced bilingualism.; Balanced bilingualism has inspired debates on bilingualism for a long time, but several questions related to this discourse remain unanswered. How common are balanced bilinguals? Does balance have a positive impact on language proficiency? More specifically, when children begin to frequent schools and thus have a lot of oral and literal input in the school language, how do balance and dominance develop? The present paper discusses the following research questions with respect to vocabulary: Do balanced test results in two languages correlate with a better proficiency than unbalanced results? Moreover, is a balanced use of two languages accompanied by a balanced vocabulary? We used a picture naming task to test the expressive and receptive vocabulary of 98 German-Turkish speaking schoolchildren in a cross-sectional design. To determine balance or dominance, we used a combined score of the values in the German and the Turkish testing. The balance/dominance scores show a continuous shift to dominance in the majority language. Consistent use of Turkish has an effect on Turkish vocabulary, but not a negative impact on vocabulary in German. There was no overall positive influence of balanced bilingualism. Türkçe özet Dengeli ikidillilik, son zamanlarda ikidillilik üzerine gerçekleştirilen birçok çalışmanın araştırma konusu olmuştur, ancak dengeli ikidilliliğin ne denli yaygın olduğu ve dengenin dil becerisi üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olup olmadığı merak konusudur. Özellikle, diller arasındaki denge ve baskınlığın, çocuğun okul dönemine girmesiyle birlikte gerçekleşen sözlü ve yazılı girdi artışından nasıl etkilendiği araştırılmalıdır. Bu makale, sözcük dağarcığı kapsamında şu araştırma sorularına yanıt aramaktadır: Her iki dilde de denge saptanan test sonuçlarında, denge saptanmayan test sonuçlarına göre dil becerisi daha mı gelişmiştir? Ayrıca dillerin dengeli kullanımı aynı zamanda her iki dilde de eşit sözcük dağarcığına mı işaret etmektedir? Bu amaçla, 98 Almanca-Türkçe ikidilli ilkokul öğrencisinin konuşma ve anlama becerisini, görsellerin çeşitliliğini de gözeterek, resim adlandırma testiyle inceledik. Diller arasında denge mi baskınlık mı olduğunu saptamak için, Almanca ve Türkçe test sonuçlarının puanlarını birleştirerek değerlendirdik. Denge/baskınlık puanları çoğunluk dilinde sürekli bir değişime işaret etmektedir. Düzenli Türkçe kullanımı Türkçe sözcük dağarcığını olumlu yönde etkilerken, Almanca sözcük dağarcığı üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olmamaktadır. Genel olarak bakıldığında dengeli iki
Published: 2019
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27. The fixtureless inspection of flexible parts based on semi-geodesic distance

Author: Kaveh Babanezhad, Gilles Foucault, Jean Bigeon, Vahid Sabri, Antoine Tahan, Système d’Information, conception RobustE des Produits (G-SCOP_SIREP ), Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production (G-SCOP), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), French Ministry of National Education, Higher Education, and Research (MENESR), Region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes (France) (via COOPERA Project GEOFLEX), and École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS, Canada)
Subjects: 0209 industrial biotechnology, Geodesic, Computer science, Fixture, Inspection, General Engineering, Boundary (topology), 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Nonrigid, Residual, Metrology, Compliant 2, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Position (vector), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Polygon mesh, Boundary value problem, Algorithm, Fast marching method, Flexible
Abstract: International audience; Some types of manufactured parts like sheet metals and skins often have a significantly different shape in a free-state position compared to their state-of-use position (as defined by their nominal CAD models) due to a combination of gravity and/or the residual effects of stress. Traditionally known as flexible (nonrigid compliant) parts, these dedicated fixtures are used for inspection operations in order to maintain flexible parts from a free-state position to a state-of-use position. This paper introduces a new automatic defect identification method primarily intended for two less-investigated manufacturing defect types: contour profile errors and hole localization. By combining simple techniques such as mesh boundary detection, fast boundary-based correspondence searches and accurate fast marching on triangulated meshes, the semi-geodesic distances from each boundary vertex on the acquired SCAN mesh to all the other boundary vertices is calculated, stored in a table and then compared to the corresponding values on the part's nominal CAD mesh. The comparisons found in the tables result in an estimation of the location and amplitude of the two aforementioned defect types. Compared to other work in this field, the overall approach does not rely on any mesh registration or finite-element analysis with tedious boundary conditions setup. It is also relatively fast. A fast algorithm/app based on this method was named the AFDA (Automatic Free-state Defect Approximation) and was validated against case studies in the aerospace sector. The results reflect the utility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Published: 2019
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28. Effects of process conditions on the chemistry of an Ar/C2H2 dust‐forming plasma

Author: Safa Labidi, Holger Kersten, Igor Denysenko, Erik von Wahl, Titaϊna Gibert, Maxime Mikikian, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (KhNU), Groupe de recherches sur l'énergétique des milieux ionisés (GREMI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik [Kiel] (IEAP), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Grant Number: PICS n°07368Humboldt FoundationMinistères des Affaires Etrangères et du Développement International (MAEDI) et de l'Education Nationale de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (MENESR). Grant Number: PHC PROCOPE project n°30790RLSFB TR24. Grant Number: B13
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Polymers and Plastics, Chemistry, [SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, Nanoparticle, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Process conditions, Chemical engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019
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29. A Dynamic Programming Approach for a Class of Robust Optimization Problems

Author: Michael Poss, Dritan Nace, Agostinho Agra, Marcio Costa Santos, Universidade de Aveiro, Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] (Heudiasyc), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Méthodes Algorithmes pour l'Ordonnancement et les Réseaux (MAORE), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and This work was supported by the French ministries MAE and MENESR. Agostinho Agra was partially funded by FCT (Funda ̧c ̃ao para a Ciˆencia e a Tecnologia) through CIDMA, UID/MAT/04106/2013, and through program COMPETE: FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-041898 within project EXPL/MAT-NAN/1761/2013.
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC], Mathematical optimization, Optimization problem, Row-andcolumn generation, Row-and-column generation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Polytope, 02 engineering and technology, Dynamic programming, AMS subject classifications, Theoretical Computer Science, Scheduling (computing), 0502 economics and business, Lot-sizing problem, Budgeted uncertainty, Mathematics, 050210 logistics & transportation, 021103 operations research, 05 social sciences, Regular polygon, Perfect information, Robust optimization, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Multi-stage robust optimization, Cutting stock problem, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], FPTAS, Software
Abstract: Common approaches to solving a robust optimization problem decompose the problem into a master problem (MP) and adversarial problems (APs). The MP contains the original robust constraints, written, however, only for nite numbers of scenarios. Additional scenarios are generated on the y by solving the APs. We consider in this work the budgeted uncertainty polytope from Bertsimas and Sim, widely used in the literature, and propose new dynamic programming algorithms to solve the APs that are based on the maximum number of deviations allowed and on the size of the deviations. Our algorithms can be applied to robust constraints that occur in various applications such as lot-sizing, the traveling salesman problem with time windows, scheduling problems, and inventory routing problems, among many others. We show how the simple version of the algorithms leads to a fully polynomial time approximation scheme when the deterministic problem is convex. We assess numerically our approach on a lot-sizing problem, showing a comparison with the classical mixed integer linear programming reformulation of the AP.
Published: 2016
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30. Zwitterionic Polysaccharides of Shigella sonnei: Synthetic Study toward a Ready-for-Oligomerization Building Block Made of Two Rare Amino Sugars

Author: Julie Paoletti, Laurence A. Mulard, Hélène B. Pfister, Jesús Jiménez-Barbero, Ana Poveda, Chimie des Biomolécules - Chemistry of Biomolecules, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cell Biology and Stem Cells Unit (CICbioGUNE), Technologic Park of Bizkaia, This work has received funding from the Institut Pasteur, the MENESR, France (ENS Cachan, PhD fellowship to H. P.) and the European Commission Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) under Grant agreement No. 261472-STOPENTERICS, which included a fellowship to J.P., European Project: 261472,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,STOPENTERICS(2010), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gram-negative bacteria, Glycosylation, glycosylation, Stereochemistry, Disaccharide, 010402 general chemistry, medicine.disease_cause, Polysaccharide, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, shigellosis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Residue (chemistry), vaccine, medicine, Moiety, Shigella, Shigella sonnei, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, oligosaccharide synthesis, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, amino sugars
Abstract: Published as part of the Special Section on the 26th French–Japanese Symposium on Medicinal and Fine Chemistry.; International audience; Shigellosis is an endemic diarrheal disease caused by Gram negative bacteria named Shigella. The most exposed polysaccharides of Shigella sonnei display a zwitterionic disaccharide repeating unit (AB) made of two rare amino sugars: [4)-α-l-AltpNAcA-(1→3)-β-d-FucpNAc4N-(1→]. An original synthesis of a ready-for-oligomerization AB disaccharide is reported. The targeted orthogonally protected disaccharide was synthesized from l-glucose and tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine. The challenging introduction of the 4B-azido group masking the amino moiety of the AAT residue was performed at the disaccharide stage by a two-step procedure (triflation followed by nucleophilic displacement with NaN3). A post-glycosylation oxidation strategy was employed to access the altruronate moiety.
Published: 2018
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31. Tight junction-associated protein GEF-H1 in the neighbours of dividing epithelial cells is essential for adaptation of cell-cell membrane during cytokinesis

Author: Guillaume Hatte, Claude Prigent, Jean-Pierre Tassan, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CNRS, KinBioFRET ANR-11-BSV5-0023, ANR, Ligue Contre le Cancer, MENESR, ANR-11-BSV5-0023,KinBioFRET,Biosenseurs FRET pour la dynamique spatio-temporelle d'activités kinase par FLIM rapide et anisotropie de fluorescence sous microscope(2011), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Cell division, Pyridines, Cell, Xenopus, Exocyst, Cell Communication, Xenopus Proteins, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Epithelium, Morpholinos, Tight Junctions, Cell membrane, 03 medical and health sciences, Xenopus laevis, medicine, Animals, GEF-H1, Cell Shape, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Process (anatomy), Cytokinesis, rho-Associated Kinases, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Tight junction, biology, Cell Membrane, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Epithelial Cells, Adherens Junctions, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Amides, Cell biology, Actin Cytoskeleton, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Embryo, Neighbours, Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
Abstract: International audience; Animal cells divide by a process called cytokinesis which relies on the constriction of a contractile actomyosin ring leading to the production of two daughter cells. Cytokinesis is an intrinsic property of cells which occurs even for artificially isolated cells. During division, isolated cells undergo dramatic changes in shape such as rounding and membrane deformation as the division furrow ingresses. However, cells are often embedded in tissues and thus are surrounded by neighbouring cells. How these neighbours might influence, or might themselves be influenced by, the shape changes of cytokinesis is poorly understood in vertebrates. Here, we show that during cytokinesis of epithelial cells in the Xenopus embryo, lateral cell-cell contacts remain almost perpendicular to the epithelial plane. Depletion of the tight junction-associated protein GEF-H1 leads to a transient and stereotyped deformation of cell-cell contacts. Although, this deformation occurs only during cytokinesis, we show that it originates from immediate neighbours of the dividing cell. Moreover, we show that exocyst and recycling endosome regulation by GEF-H1 are involved in adaptation of cell-cell contacts to deformation. Our results highlight the crucial role of tight junctions and GEF-H1 in cell-cell contact adaptation when cells are exposed to a mechanical stress such as cytokinesis.
Published: 2018
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32. Disciplines du diplôme de master et insertion professionnelle selon le genre

Author: Erb, Louis-Alexandre, MENESR-SIES, Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique (ERUDITE), and Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: insertion professionnelle, ségrégation disciplinaire, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, enseignement supérieur, égalité des sexes, orientation universitaire, sexe
Abstract: suite des n° 96 et 97; National audience; Pendant leur parcours scolaire et universitaire, femmes et hommes ne s'orientent pas de la même façon. Les étudiantes et étudiants se répartissent différemment au sein d'une organisation tubulaire composée de diplômes, de disciplines et de spécialisations. Au niveau master, cette ségrégation a des conséquences significatives sur l'insertion professionnelle des femmes et leurs conditions d'emploi, donnant à l'orientation universitaire un poids déterminant dans la re/production des inégalités de genre. Les femmes, pourtant plus nombreuses à être diplômées, s'insèrent plus difficilement que les hommes sur le marché du travail. S'appuyant sur une collecte annuelle et exhaustive, l'enquête Insertion professionnelle des diplômés de l'université permet de produire des analyses de données au niveau des disciplines fines du diplôme de master. Les étudiantes sont majoritaires parmi les disciplines donnant accès à des métiers du secteur public, associatif et social où les conditions d'emploi sont plus dégradées que dans les autres secteurs. La ségrégation disciplinaire explique à elle-seule la moitié des écarts de genre pour l'accès aux emplois stables et plus d'un quart des écarts d'accès aux emplois de catégorie cadre. Si les inégalités d'accès aux emplois les plus rémunérateurs ne trouvent pas d'explication dans les modélisations par discipline, les écarts de répartition selon le genre permettent de poser un regard différent sur l'influence de l'orientation dans les trajectoires d'insertion professionnelle. E n 2017, une étude publiée par l'Insee annonçait que pour la première fois, les femmes avaient atteint la même part d'emploi de catégorie cadre que les hommes, trois ans après leur sortie d'études. Ce constat, dû pour partie à la sur-diplomation des femmes aux niveaux d'études les plus élevés, cache la persistance d'inégalités socio-économiques sur le marché du travail au détriment des femmes [Di Paola, DuPray et alii, 2017].
Published: 2018
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33. Apprentissage de Bandit Multi-Bras dans les réseaux Internet des Objets: l'apprentissage est utile même dans des cas non-stationnaires

Author: Lilian Besson, Jacques Palicot, Remi Bonnefoi, Emilie Kaufmann, Christophe Moy, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal, Communication et Electronique Embarquée (SCEE), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), SUPELEC-Campus Rennes, Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE), CentraleSupélec, Sequential Learning (SEQUEL), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work is supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR), under the projects SOGREEN (grant coded: N ANR-14-CE28-0025-02) and BADASS (N ANR-16-CE40-0002), by Region Bretagne, France, by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research (MENESR) and ENS Paris-Saclay., ANR-14-CE28-0025,SOGREEN,Réseau électrique intelligent pour l'amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique des réseaux cellulaires(2014), ANR-16-CE40-0002,BADASS,BANDITS MANCHOTS POUR SIGNAUX NON-STATIONNAIRES ET STRUCTURES(2016), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, Distributed computing, Internet of Things, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Multi-armed bandit, Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Multi-Armed Bandits, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Reinforcement learning, 0101 mathematics, Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI), Unlicensed band, business.industry, Successful transmission, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Cognitive Radio, Reinforcement Learning, Term (time), 010101 applied mathematics, Cognitive radio, Artificial intelligence, business, Thompson sampling, Non-Stationary Bandits
Abstract: International audience; Setting up the future Internet of Things (IoT) networks will require to support more and more communicating devices. We prove that intelligent devices in unlicensed bands can use Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) learning algorithms to improve resource exploitation. We evaluate the performance of two classical MAB learning algorithms, UCB1 and Thompson Sampling, to handle the decentralized decision-making of Spectrum Access, applied to IoT networks; as well as learning performance with a growing number of intelligent end-devices. We show that using learning algorithms does help to fit more devices in such networks, even when all end-devices are intelligent and are dynamically changing channel. In the studied scenario, stochastic MAB learning provides a up to 16% gain in term of successful transmission probabilities, and has near optimal performance even in non-stationary and non-i.i.d. settings with a majority of intelligent devices.; La mise en place des futurs réseaux Internet des Objets (IoT) nécessitera de supporter de plus en plus d'appareils communicants. Nous prouvons que les objets adaptatifs, dans des bandes non licenciées, peuvent utiliser les algorithmes d'apprentissage de type Bandit Multi-Bras (MAB) pour améliorer l'exploitation des ressources. Nous évaluons les performances de deux algorithmes classiques d'apprentissage MAB, UCB1 et Thompson Sampling, pour prendre en charge la prise de décision décentralisée d'Analyse de Spectre, appliquée aux réseaux IoT, ainsi que les performances d'apprentissage avec un nombre croissant d'objets intelligents. Nous montrons que l'utilisation d'algorithmes d'apprentissage aide à adapter un plus grand nombre de dispositifs dans de tels réseaux, même lorsque tous les appareils finaux sont intelligents et changent de canal de façon dynamique. Dans le scénario étudié, l'apprentissage stochastique (MAB) fournit un gain allant jusqu'à 16% en terme de probabilités de transmission réussie, et a des performances quasi optimales même dans les situations non stationnaires et non i.i.d. avec une majorité d'appareils intelligents.
Published: 2018
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34. Identification of novel antilipogenic agents targeting fatty acid biosynthesis through structure-based virtual screening

Author: Marine L. Croze, Pascaline M. Alix, Laurent Soulère, Christophe O. Soulage, Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), MENESR, CNRS, INSA, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Fatty acid biosynthesis, binding, anti-obesity, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fas, Biochemistry, Chemical library, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, Catalytic Domain, Drug Discovery, Adipocytes, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, fatty acid synthase, biology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Fatty Acids, Cell Differentiation, food-intake, 3. Good health, Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I, Molecular Docking Simulation, Fatty acid synthase, docking, Molecular Medicine, virtual, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, architecture, Stereochemistry, Cell Survival, proliferation, Cell Line, Small Molecule Libraries, synthase inhibitor, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Humans, breast-cancer, Pharmacology, Virtual screening, Binding Sites, Lipogenesis, screening, Organic Chemistry, Active site, Fatty acid, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Docking (molecular), flavonoids, biology.protein, Structure based, cells, fatty acid
Abstract: International audience; An Asinex Gold Platinium chemical library subset of 12055 compounds was screened employing docking simulations in the active site of the human FAS KS domain. Among them, 13 compounds were further evaluated for their ability to inhibit fatty acid biosynthesis. Four compounds were found to be active in particular ASN05064661 and ASN05374526 with IC50 values of 6.6 and 10.5m, respectively. A binding mode study was further conducted with these two compounds structurally related to benzene sulfonamide and aromatic polyamide. This study showed that they fit tightly with the active site with several interactions, notably with the key residues Cys161, His293, and His331.
Published: 2018
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35. Identification and characterization of agricultural winter land-use based on Alos-2 and Radarsat-2 polarimetric SAR time-series images

Author: Denize, J., Hubert-Moy, Laurence, Corgne, Samuel, Betbeder, J., Pottier, E., Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), CNES, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Région Bretagne, MENESR, Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, Conseil Général Département des Bouches du Rhône, Rdarsat-2, FEDER, Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Polarimetric image, Time series, Vegetation, Times series, Vegetation cover, Synthetic aperture radar, Winter seasons, Pollutant transport, Radar imaging, Environmental challenges, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Water pollution, Land use, Polarimetric SAR, Polarimeters, Land use type
Abstract: International audience; Land cover and land use monitoring, particularly during winter season, is still a major environmental challenge. Indeed, the presence of a vegetation cover, the dates of sowing, the length of the catch crops period, and land use types have an impact on pollutant transport to water bodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of C- and L-SAR times series to improve the identification and characterization of vegetation cover during winter season. Alos-2 and Radarsat-2 time-series were classified on a 130km2 site using SVM and RF algorithms. Land-use was classified with an OA of ~ 80 from Radarsat-2 polarimetric images acquired between August 2016 and May 2017 using RF classifier. © VDE VERLAG GMBH Â Berlin Â Offenbach.
Published: 2018

36. Helical vortices generated by flapping wings of bumblebees

Author: Kai Schneider, Marie Farge, Fritz-Olaf Lehmann, Thomas Engels, Dmitry Kolomenskiy, Jörn Sesterhenn, Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Rostock, DFG (Grant SE824\26 -1), Ministères des Affaires étrangères et du développement International (MAEDI) et de l’Education nationale de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (MENESR), Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) within the French- German Procope project FIFIT, JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Postdoctoral Fellowship, JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 15F15061, ANR-15-CE40-0019,AIFIT,Aérodynamique du vol d'insecte en écoulement turbulent(2015), ANR-10-EQPX-0029,EQUIP@MESO,Equipement d'excellence de calcul intensif de Mesocentres coordonnés - Tremplin vers le calcul petaflopique et l'exascale(2010), Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, Leading edge, Wing, Angle of attack, Turbulence, Mechanical Engineering, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Aerodynamics, Mechanics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Vortex, Lift (force), Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Flapping, 010306 general physics
Abstract: International audience; High resolution direct numerical simulations of rotating and flapping bumblebee wings are presented and their aerodynamics is studied focusing on the role of leading edge vortices and the associated helicity production. We first study the flow generated by only one rotating bumblebee wing in circular motion with $45^{\circ}$ angle of attack. We then consider a model bumblebee flying in a numerical wind tunnel, which is tethered and has rigid wings flapping with a prescribed generic motion. The inflow condition of the wind varies from laminar to strongly turbulent regimes. Massively parallel simulations show that inflow turbulence does not significantly alter the wings' leading edge vortex (LEV), which enhances lift production. Finally, we focus on studying the helicity of the generated vortices and analyze their contribution at different scales using orthogonal wavelets.
Published: 2018
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37. Tight junctions negatively regulate mechanical forces applied to adherens junctions in vertebrate epithelial tissue

Author: Jean-Pierre Tassan, Claude Prigent, Guillaume Hatte, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (KinBioFRET), Ligue Departementale contre le Cancer, MENESR (Ministere de l'Education nationale, de l'Enseignement superieur et de la Recherche), Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Mechanotransduction, Xenopus, Vesicular Transport Proteins, Xenopus Proteins, Epithelium, Adherens junction, 03 medical and health sciences, Xenopus laevis, 0302 clinical medicine, biology.animal, Tensile Strength, medicine, Animals, Adherens junctions, GEF-H1, Tight junctions, ZO-1, Cytokinesis, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, biology, Tight junction, Vertebrate, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Biomechanical Phenomena, Protein Transport, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Zonula Occludens-1 Protein, Epithelial tissue, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, alpha Catenin
Abstract: Epithelia are layers of polarised cells tightly bound to each other by adhesive contacts. Epithelia act as barriers between an organism and its external environment. Understanding how epithelia maintain their essential integrity while remaining sufficiently plastic to allow events such as cytokinesis to take place is a key biological problem. In vertebrates, the remodelling and reinforcement of adherens junctions maintains epithelial integrity during cytokinesis. The involvement of tight junctions in cell division, however, has remained unexplored. Here, we examine the role of tight junctions during cytokinesis in the epithelium of the Xenopus laevis embryo. Depletion of the tight junction-associated proteins ZO-1 and GEF-H1 leads to altered cytokinesis duration and contractile ring geometry. Using a tension biosensor, we show that cytokinesis defects originate from misregulation of tensile forces applied to adherens junctions. Our results reveal that tight junctions regulate mechanical tension applied to adherens junctions, which in turn impacts cytokinesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Published: 2018
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38. Development and validation of an HPLC-MS/MS method with QuEChERS extraction using isotopic dilution to simultaneously analyze chlordecone and chlordecol in animal livers

Author: Guido Rychen, Julien Parinet, Cyril Feidt, Thierry Guérin, Gwenaëlle Lavison-Bompard, Chanthadary Inthavong, Agnès Fournier, Maïlie Saint-Hilaire, Thomas Bertin, Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), MENESR (Ministere de l'Education National, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche, France), PITE State Interventional Program (Prefecture of Martinique), Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort, and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Maximum Residue Limit, Swine, Metabolite, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], antilles françaises, INFANTS, ruminant, Chemical Fractionation, 010501 environmental sciences, Tandem mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, FRENCH-WEST-INDIES, Isotopes, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, métabolisation, KEPONE, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, media_common, RISK, french west indies, HUMANS, General Medicine, Repeatability, foie, Chlordecol, dilution isotopique, Liver, Costs and Cost Analysis, Safety, isotope dilution, QuEChERS, Livestock, Isotope dilution, Quechers, Livers, FOOD, Animals, media_common.cataloged_instance, EXPOSURE, European union, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sheep, Chromatography, chlordecone, HPLC-MS/MS, 010401 analytical chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), 0104 chemical sciences, Metabolism, chemistry, ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE-RESIDUES, Cattle, liver function tests, Food Science
Abstract: A QuEChERS extraction method followed by HPLC-MS/MS analysis was developed to simultaneously analyze chlordecone and its metabolite chlordecol in animal livers. The overall method was validated with accuracy profiles according to the French Standard NF V03-110 and European Union guidelines. The validation was performed on bovine, ovine and porcine liver samples. Linearity, matrix effect, accuracy, within-laboratory repeatability, specificity, LOQ, Q/q relative ion intensities, and uncertainty were reported. Recoveries were between 70% and 120%. LOQs of 1.36 µg chlordecone kg-1 and 2.50 µg chlordecol kg-1 of fresh liver were found. Twelve contaminated livers of bovine, ovine and porcine origin from the French West Indies or samples from in vivo studies were analyzed. In these liver samples from contaminated animals, chlordecone was quantified at concentrations higher than the maximum residue limit and chlordecol in very low amounts in all the samples. In addition, these results confirm that chlordecone can be metabolized in ruminant species.
Published: 2018
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39. Fossil black smoker yields oxygen isotopic composition of Neoproterozoic seawater

Author: Hodel, F., Macouin, M., Trindade, R. I. F., Triantafyllou, A., Ganne, J., Chavagnac, V., Berger, J., Rospabé, M., Destrigneville, C., Carlut, J., Ennih, N., Agrinier, P., Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas [Sao Paulo] (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Chouaib Doukkali (UCD), TelluS-SYSTER program of INSU (CNRS), French MENESR, and Research Grant 2016/06114-6 of the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas [São Paulo] (IAG), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Science, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, Article
Abstract: The evolution of the seawater oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) through geological time remains controversial. Yet, the past δ18Oseawater is key to assess past seawater temperatures, providing insights into past climate change and life evolution. Here we provide a new and unprecedentedly precise δ18O value of −1.33 ± 0.98‰ for the Neoproterozoic bottom seawater supporting a constant oxygen isotope composition through time. We demonstrate that the Aït Ahmane ultramafic unit of the ca. 760 Ma Bou Azzer ophiolite (Morocco) host a fossil black smoker-type hydrothermal system. In this system we analyzed an untapped archive for the ocean oxygen isotopic composition consisting in pure magnetite veins directly precipitated from a Neoproterozoic seawater-derived fluid. Our results suggest that, while δ18Oseawater and submarine hydrothermal processes were likely similar to present day, Neoproterozoic oceans were 15–30 °C warmer on the eve of the Sturtian glaciation and the major life diversification that followed., Uncertainty regarding the evolution of the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater casts doubt on past temperature reconstructions. Here, the authors present a new, precise δ18O value for the Neoproterozoic, and propose that ocean temperatures on the eve of the Sturtian glaciation were 15–30 °C warmer than present.
Published: 2018
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40. New n-type molecular semiconductor–doped insulator (MSDI) heterojunctions combining a triphenodioxazine (TPDO) and the lutetium bisphthalocyanine (LuPc2) for ammonia sensing

Author: Yohann Nicolas, Guillaume Gruntz, Rita Meunier-Prest, Amélie Wannebroucq, Jean-Moïse Suisse, Mickaël Mateos, Thierry Toupance, Marcel Bouvet, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] (ICMUB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de chimie organique et organométallique (LCOO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Agence Nationale de la Recherche CAP-BTXANR-BLAN-2010-917-02 FMOCSOLE ANR-BLAN-2010-938-01 OUTSMART ANR-2015-CE39-0004-03 MENESR European Union (FEDER) Conseil Regional de Bourgogne through the FABER Conseil Regional de Bourgogne through the PARI SMT 08 program Conseil Regional de Bourgogne through the CDEA program European Union through the COST action TD1105 EuNetAir University of Bordeaux CNRS Institute of Polytechnique of Bordeaux
Subjects: Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Conductometric transducer, 01 natural sciences, Ammonia, chemistry.chemical_compound, Molecular semiconductor, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Triphenodioxazine, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Molecular materials, Instrumentation, Chemistry, business.industry, Doping, Metals and Alloys, Heterojunction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Lutetium, Chemical sensor, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Positive response, Heterojunctions, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Molecular semiconductor–doped insulator (MSDI) heterojunctions were designed using a new family of sublayers, namely triphenodioxazines (TPDO). The device obtained by combining the tetracyano triphenodioxazine bearing two triisopropylsilylethynyl moieties as a sublayer with the lutetium bisphthalocyanine (LuPc2) as a top layer showed a nonlinear current–voltage characteristic independent of the sign of the polarization, which is the signature of MSDI heterojunctions. Thus, a TPDO was used in a chemical sensor for the first time. Despite LuPc2 being the only material exposed to the atmosphere, the positive response of the device under ammonia revealed the key role played by the n-type TPDO sublayer. The device exhibits a response stable over time and can operate in a broad range of relative humidity.
Published: 2018
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41. Polyurethane acrylate networks including cellulose nanocrystals: a comparison between UV and EB- curing

Author: K. Jadwiszczak, P. Kozik-Ostrówka, V. Aguié-Béghin, Xavier Coqueret, J.E. Maigret, K. Furtak-Wrona, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims - UMR 7312 (ICMR), SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Conseil Regional Grand Est, MENESR, EU-FEDER Programme (CPER Project PlAneT), IAEA, European Union exchange program Erasmus, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal and mechanical properties of PUR networks, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Nanocomposites, chemistry.chemical_compound, Differential scanning calorimetry, Polymer chemistry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Curing (chemistry), Acrylate, Radiation, Nanocomposite, Cellulose nanocrystals, EB-curing, Dynamic mechanical analysis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Polyurethane networks, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Chemical engineering, chemistry, UV curing, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition
Abstract: International audience; A water-based polyurethane (PUR) acrylate water emulsion was selected as a radiation curable matrix for preparing nanocomposites including cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) prepared by controlled hydrolysis of Ramie fibers. Cross-linking polymerization of samples prepared in the form of films or of 1 mm-thick bars was either initiated by exposure to the 395 nm light of a high intensity LED lamp or by treatment with low energy electron beam (EB). The conversion level of acrylate functions in samples submitted to increasing radiation doses was monitored by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) were used to characterize changes in the glass transition temperature of the PUR-CNC nanocomposites as a function of acrylate conversion and of CNC content. Micromechanical testing indicates the positive effect of 1 wt% CNC on Young's modulus and on the tensile strength at break (σ) of cured nanocomposites. The presence of CNC in the PUR acrylate matrix was shown to double the σ value of the nanocomposite cured to an acrylate conversion level of 85% by treatment with a 25 kGy dose under EB, whereas no increase of σ was observed in UV-cured samples exhibiting the same acrylate conversion level. The occurrence of grafting reactions inducing covalent linkages between the polysaccharide nanofiller and the PUR acrylate matrix during the EB treatment is advanced as an explanation to account for the improvement observed in samples cured under ionizing radiation.
Published: 2018
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42. Étude de la composition et des propriétés physiques de surface de la comète 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Interprétation des données VIRTIS/Rosetta et mesure en réflectance d’analogues cométaires

Author: Rousseau, Batiste, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MENESR, PSL research University, LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, Stéphane Érard, and Rousseau, Batiste
Subjects: Hyperspectral imaging, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Analyse de données, Rosetta/VIRTIS, Data analysis, Laboratory experiments, Spectroscopie, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Expériences de laboratoire, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Comet, Imagerie hyperspectrale, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Comète, Spectroscopy
Abstract: During the Solar System formation, 4.6 billion years ago, comets accreted materials which have been transformed according to the physical and dynamical conditions of the accretion disk. They also accreted a part of components coming from the interstellar medium. By preserving a primordial composition, the study of comets allows us to better understand the conditions of the proto-planetary disk surrounding the young Sun of an epoch which is now inaccessible. Moreover, it consists also to understand the various comets populations, their formation process, dynamical and activity evolution as they inward and outward the Sun or their structure.The ESA/Rosetta mission followed the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for two years. A ten of instruments has been dedicated to the study of the evolution of its activity, gas release, surface morphology, dust and other objectives. VIRTIS is a visible/infrared spectrometer instrument. It is composed of VIRTIS-M, an imaging spectrometer which gives access to spatial information with moderate spectral resolution and VIRTIS-H, a point spectrometer with a higher spectral resolution. This study is based on the data analysis of VIRTIS instruments and is divided into two parts focused on the study of the nucleus surface. The first part is an analysis of the spectral and photometric parameters: albedo, spectral slope, the main direction of the light diffusion by particles, macroscopic roughness. In a global study, I highlighted the spatial variations of albedo and spectral slope; compared results derived from different models as well as from both instruments. Then, I determined these parameters locally, revealing differences between two types of terrains. This approach allows to better understand the mechanisms linked to the activity (dust drop-off/uprising, space weathering, ice content variation) and also to the surface properties (composition, texture). The second goal of the thesis is to reproduce in the laboratory the observations realized by VIRTIS to give constraints on the composition and texture of the surface. In collaboration with IPAG (Grenoble, France) I led experiments consisting of the production of very fine powders made of materials which look like those we suspect to be present on the nucleus of 67P: organic matter (mimicked by a coal), silicates (olivine) and iron sulfides (pyrite and pyrrhotite) are all observed on comets or their analogues. I ground them to micrometric to nanometric scales and I realized reflectance measurements in the same spectral range than VIRTIS. Then, I have been able to observe effects caused by the variations of the grain size, composition or texture of the mixture and to highlight combinations reproducing the mean comet VIRTIS spectrum. Finally, this work enables us understanding the influence of material poorly studied such as iron sulfides as well as the spectral behaviour of powders composed of grain sizes reaching an order of magnitude close to the wavelengths, which is essential in the study of cometary surfaces., Lors de leur formation il y a 4,6 milliards d’années, les comètes ont intégré des matériaux transformés selon les conditions physiques et dynamiques du disque d’accrétion mais aussi une part de composés issus du milieu interstellaire. Parce qu’elles ont préservé leurs propriétés, étudier les comètes permet de mieux comprendre les conditions régnant dans le disque proto-planétaire entourant le jeune Soleil à une époque qui nous est inaccessible. Cela permet également de comprendre les différentes populations de comètes, leur processus de formation, leurs évolutions dynamiques, leur activité lorsqu’elles s’approchent du Soleil ou encore leur structure. La sonde européenne Rosetta a accompagné la comète 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko pendant deux ans. À son bord, une dizaine d’instruments ont permis d’étudier l’évolution de son activité, les gaz, la morphologie de surface ou les poussières parmi d’autres objectifs. VIRTIS est le spectromètre visible-infrarouge de Rosetta. Sa composante d’imagerie spectrale, VIRTIS-M, permet d’avoir accès à la dimension spatiale tout en bénéficiant d’une résolution spectrale modérée tandis que VIRTIS-H est un spectromètre ponctuel bénéficiant d’une plus grande résolution spectrale. Mon travail a reposé sur le traitement et l’analyse des données de ces instruments et se découpe en deux parties concentrées sur l’étude de la surface du noyau. La première est une analyse des paramètres spectraux et photométriques : albédo, pente spectrale, direction principale de la diffusion de la lumière par les particules, rugosité macroscopique. Dans une étude globale, j’ai mis en évidence les variations spatiales de certains de ces paramètres ; comparé les résultats issus de différents modèles ainsi que des deux instruments. J’ai ensuite déterminé localement ces paramètres, soulignant des différences selon le type de terrains ciblé. Ces études permettent de mieux comprendre les mécanismes liés à l’activité (dépôt/soulèvement de poussières, altération spatiale, variations de la teneur en glace) ou aux variations des propriétés de la surface (composition, texture). Le deuxième enjeu de cette thèse était de reproduire en laboratoire les observations réalisées par VIRTIS, et ce afin d’apporter des contraintes sur la composition et la texture de la surface. En collaboration avec l’IPAG de Grenoble j’ai donc mené des expériences consistant à produire des poudres très fines constituées de matériaux similaires à ceux que l’on suspecte d’être présents sur le noyau de 67P : matière organique (imitée par un charbon), silicates (olivine) et sulfures de fer (pyrite et pyrrhotite) sont ainsi tous observés dans les comètes ou leurs analogues. Je les ai ici broyés à des échelles micrométriques à nanométriques puis j’ai réalisé des mesures en réflectance dans la même gamme spectrale que VIRTIS. J’ai pu ainsi étudier les effets provoqués par les variations de la taille des grains, de la composition ou de la texture du mélange, mettant en avant des combinaisons reproduisant le spectre moyen de la comète. De manière générale, cette étude permet de mieux comprendre l’influence de matériaux rarement étudiés comme les sulfures de fer ainsi que le comportement spectral de poudres dont la taille des grains atteint un ordre de grandeur proche de celle de la longueur d’onde, ce qui est primordial dans l’étude des surfaces cométaires.
Published: 2017

43. Apprentissage de Bandit Multi-Bras dans les réseaux Internet des Objets: l'apprentissage est utile même dans des cas non-stationnaires

Author: Bonnefoi, Rémi, Besson, Lilian, Moy, Christophe, Kaufmann, Emilie, Palicot, Jacques, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal, Communication et Electronique Embarquée (SCEE), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SUPELEC-Campus Rennes, Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE), CentraleSupélec, Sequential Learning (SEQUEL), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work is supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR), under the projects SOGREEN (grant coded: N ANR-14-CE28-0025-02) and BADASS (N ANR-16-CE40-0002), by Region Bretagne, France, by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research (MENESR) and ENS Paris-Saclay., ANR-14-CE28-0025,SOGREEN,Réseau électrique intelligent pour l'amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique des réseaux cellulaires(2014), ANR-16-CE40-0002,BADASS,BANDITS MANCHOTS POUR SIGNAUX NON-STATIONNAIRES ET STRUCTURES(2016), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Multi-Armed Bandits, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Internet of Things, Cognitive Radio, Reinforcement Learning, Non-Stationary Bandits
Abstract: International audience; Setting up the future Internet of Things (IoT) networks will require to support more and more communicating devices. We prove that intelligent devices in unlicensed bands can use Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) learning algorithms to improve resource exploitation. We evaluate the performance of two classical MAB learning algorithms, UCB1 and Thompson Sampling, to handle the decentralized decision-making of Spectrum Access, applied to IoT networks; as well as learning performance with a growing number of intelligent end-devices. We show that using learning algorithms does help to fit more devices in such networks, even when all end-devices are intelligent and are dynamically changing channel. In the studied scenario, stochastic MAB learning provides a up to 16% gain in term of successful transmission probabilities, and has near optimal performance even in non-stationary and non-i.i.d. settings with a majority of intelligent devices.; La mise en place des futurs réseaux Internet des Objets (IoT) nécessitera de supporter de plus en plus d'appareils communicants. Nous prouvons que les objets adaptatifs, dans des bandes non licenciées, peuvent utiliser les algorithmes d'apprentissage de type Bandit Multi-Bras (MAB) pour améliorer l'exploitation des ressources. Nous évaluons les performances de deux algorithmes classiques d'apprentissage MAB, UCB1 et Thompson Sampling, pour prendre en charge la prise de décision décentralisée d'Analyse de Spectre, appliquée aux réseaux IoT, ainsi que les performances d'apprentissage avec un nombre croissant d'objets intelligents. Nous montrons que l'utilisation d'algorithmes d'apprentissage aide à adapter un plus grand nombre de dispositifs dans de tels réseaux, même lorsque tous les appareils finaux sont intelligents et changent de canal de façon dynamique. Dans le scénario étudié, l'apprentissage stochastique (MAB) fournit un gain allant jusqu'à 16% en terme de probabilités de transmission réussie, et a des performances quasi optimales même dans les situations non stationnaires et non i.i.d. avec une majorité d'appareils intelligents.
Published: 2017
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44. New n-type molecular semiconductor–doped insulator (MSDI) heterojunctions combining a triphenodioxazine (TPDO) and the lutetium bisphthalocyanine (LuPc 2 ) for ammonia sensing

Author: Wannebroucq , Amélie, Gruntz , Guillaume, Suisse , Jean-Moïse, Nicolas , Yohann, Meunier-Prest , Rita, Mateos , Mickael, Toupance , Thierry, Bouvet , Marcel, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( ICMUB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires ( ISM ), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Agence Nationale de la Recherche CAP-BTXANR-BLAN-2010-917-02 FMOCSOLE ANR-BLAN-2010-938-01 OUTSMART ANR-2015-CE39-0004-03 MENESR European Union (FEDER) Conseil Regional de Bourgogne through the FABER Conseil Regional de Bourgogne through the PARI SMT 08 program Conseil Regional de Bourgogne through the CDEA program European Union through the COST action TD1105 EuNetAir University of Bordeaux CNRS Institute of Polytechnique of Bordeaux
Subjects: materials design, air, field-effect transistors, thin-film transistors, phthalocyanines, Conductometric transducer, organic complementary circuits, Molecular materials, optical-properties, Ammonia, nanostructures, Heterojunctions, Triphenodioxazine, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, electron-mobility, charge-transport
Abstract: International audience; Molecular semiconductor-doped insulator (MSDI) heterojunctions were designed using a new family of sublayers, namely triphenodioxazines (TPDO). The device obtained by combining the tetracyano triphenodioxazine bearing two triisopropylsilylethynyl moieties as a sublayer with the lutetium bisphthalocyanine (LuPc2) as a top layer showed a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic independent of the sign of the polarization, which is the signature of MSDI heterojunctions. Thus, a TPDO was used in a chemical sensor for the first time. Despite LuPc2 being the only material exposed to the atmosphere, the positive response of the device under ammonia revealed the key role played by the n-type TPDO sublayer. The device exhibits a response stable over time and can operate in a broad range of relative humidity. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017
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45. Synthesis and characterization of fluorophthalocyanines bearing four 2-(2-thienyl)ethoxy moieties: from the optimization of the fluorine substitution to chemosensing

Author: Wannebroucq , Amélie, Meunier-Prest , Rita, Chambron , Jean-Claude, Brachais , Claire-Hélène, Suisse , Jean-Moïse, Bouvet , Marcel, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( ICMUB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Agence Nationale de la Recherche through ANR project CAP-BTX European Union Conseil Regional de Bourgogne through FABER PARI SMT 08 CDEA European Union (FEDER) Agence Nationale de la Recherche through ANR project OUTSMART MENESR COST action (EuNetAir) TD1105, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] (ICMUB), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: n-channel, zinc phthalocyanine, comparative performances, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, phthalocyanine complexes, field-effect transistors, insulator msdi heterojunctions, conjugated polymers, thin-film transistors, molecular semiconductor, organic heterojunction, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, field-effect transistors, insulator msdi heterojunctions, thin-film transistors, n-channel, phthalocyanine complexes, comparative performances, molecular semiconductor, organic heterojunction, conjugated polymers, zinc phthalocyanine
Abstract: International audience; The energy levels of the HOMO/LUMO Frontier orbitals and the electronic properties of phthalocyanine macrocycles can be tuned by the introduction of substituents. Starting from tetrafluorophthalonitrile, we studied the substitution of fluorine atoms by (2-thienyl) ethoxy moieties. An optimization of the experimental conditions (nature and stoichiometry of the alcohol and base, temperature) allowed us to obtain the monoalkoxy derivative with a very good yield. It was fully characterized using F-19 and H-1 NMR spectroscopies, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction on single crystals. Then, the corresponding zinc phthalocyanine was synthesized, characterized by means of 19F and 1H NMR spectroscopies, thermal analysis, and also by electronic spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry. The unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine bearing also four (2-thienyl) ethoxy moieties was prepared by the mixed condensation of the tetraalkoxyphthalonitrile with the tetrafluorophthalonitrile. The phthalocyanines were used to build an electronic device, a p-type Molecular Semiconductor - Doped Insulator heterojunction (MSDI), in combination with the lutetium bisphthalocyanine as a molecular semiconductor, and their chemosensing behavior towards ammonia was studied.
Published: 2017
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46. EPS et parcours éducatif de santé : éclairage institutionnel et scientifique du parcours éducatif de santé. Enjeu et genèse du PES, compétences attendues des enseignants

Author: Simar, Carine, Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), DGESCO MENESR, and Simar, Carine
Subjects: [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2017

47. Les enseignants et l’éducation à la santé au prisme de l’EPS. 2nd séminaire parcours éducatif de santé – focus sur l’EPS

Author: Simar, Carine, Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Direction générale de l'enseignement scolaire (DGESCO) Ministère de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche (MENESR), Paris, France., and Simar, Carine
Subjects: [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2017

48. Intragenic FMR1 disease-causing variants: a significant mutational mechanism leading to Fragile-X syndrome

Author: Patrick Callier, Angélique Quartier, Matthieu Jung, Brigitte Gilbert-Dussardier, Vincent des Portes, Claire Feger, Bernard Jost, Bénédicte Gérard, Stéphanie Le Gras, Daphné Lehalle, Elsa Nourisson, Anne-Sophie Casteleyn, Claire Redin, Julien Thevenon, Anne-Laure Mosca-Boidron, Laurence Faivre, Hélène Poquet, Frédéric Huet, Paul Kuentz, Christel Thauvin-Robinet, Véronique Geoffroy, Jean-Louis Mandel, Massimiliano Rossi, Gaetan Lesca, Alice Masurel, Patrick Edery, Benoit Trojak, Salima El Chehadeh, Stéphanie Maury, Jean Muller, Amélie Piton, Centre de génétique - Centre de référence des maladies rares, anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire [CHRU Strasbourg], CHRU Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de cytogénétique (CHU de Dijon), Service de psychiatrie générale et addictologie [CHU de Dijon], French Ministry of Health Fondation Jerome Lejeune Agence de la Biomedecine, CREGEMES Agence Nationale de la Recherche MENESR et Fondation Recherche Medicale Regional Council of Burgundy, ANR-10-IDEX-0002,UNISTRA,UNISTRA(2010), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire ( IGBMC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and ANR-10-IDEX-0002-02/10-IDEX-0002,UNISTRA,UNISTRA ( 2010 )
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, diagnosis, RNA Splicing, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, 03 medical and health sciences, Exon, Genetic linkage, placebo-controlled trial, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Molecular genetics, Genetics, medicine, Humans, gene, Genetics (clinical), Mutation, intron 10, Siblings, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, FMR1, Human genetics, 3. Good health, Fragile X syndrome, developmental delay, of-the-literature, 030104 developmental biology, intellectual disability, Fragile X Syndrome, mental-retardation, Medical genetics, Female, point mutation, double-blind, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Fragile-X syndrome (FXS) is a frequent genetic form of intellectual disability (ID). The main recurrent mutagenic mechanism causing FXS is the expansion of a CGG repeat sequence in the 5'-UTR of the FMR1 gene, therefore, routinely tested in ID patients. We report here three FMR1 intragenic pathogenic variants not affecting this sequence, identified using high-throughput sequencing (HTS): a previously reported hemizygous deletion encompassing the last exon of FMR1, too small to be detected by array-CGH and inducing decreased expression of a truncated form of FMRP protein, in three brothers with ID (family 1) and two splice variants in boys with sporadic ID: a de novo variant c.990+1G > A (family 2) and a maternally inherited c.420-8A > G variant (family 3). After clinical reevaluation, the five patients presented features consistent with FXS (mean Hagerman's scores=15). We conducted a systematic review of all rare non-synonymous variants previously reported in FMR1 in ID patients and showed that six of them are convincing pathogenic variants. This study suggests that intragenic FMR1 variants, although much less frequent than CGG expansions, are a significant mutational mechanism leading to FXS and demonstrates the interest of HTS approaches to detect them in ID patients with a negative standard work-up.
Published: 2017
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49. To boldly go where no one has gone before: integrating in site location analysis and predictive modelling, the hierarchical types map

Author: Nüsslein, Antonin, Nuninger, Laure, Verhagen, Philip, Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe ( ARCHIMEDE ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux ( MSHE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Cultural Landscape and Urban Environment ( CLUE ), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( VU ), CNRS - MENESR - Université de Strasbourg, Jeffrey Glover Georgia State University, Dept. Anthropolgy, IHAPMA Introducing the human factor in predictive modelling, Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (UAR 3124) (MSHE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cultural Landscape and Urban Environment (CLUE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (MSHE)
Subjects: [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, socio-cultural factors, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [ SHS ] Humanities and Social Sciences, site location analysis, predictive modelling, temporal factors, [ SHS.STAT ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Roman period
Abstract: International audience; Over the years, predictive modelling has been characterized as being environmentally deterministic, a-temporal, or even as a way of ‘effectively de-humanising the past’. Over the past ten years, however, spatial analysis of settlement patterns has progressed substantially, paying much more attention to the role of socio-cultural factors and the analysis of settlement pattern dynamics. In this paper, we will present an approach to site location analysis and predictive modelling that can be characterized as essentially data driven, yet is very much theoretically informed, and which has focused primarily on facilitating comparisons between various chrono-cultural contexts. Our experiments, that have been carried out since 2010, have mainly used data from the Roman period in various regions of France, but the general ideas and workflow can easily be transferred to other settings. To enrich the approach new developments were tested to understand the role of settlement hierarchy and its influence on the subsequent development and structuring of settlement patterns. These new developments were applied to three case study carried out in the north-east of France.
Published: 2017
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50. Exploring docking methods for virtual screening: application to the identification of neuraminidase and Ftsz potential inhibitors

Author: Christophe O. Soulage, Laurent Soulère, Chimie Organique et Bioorganique (COB), Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), MENESR, CNRS, INSA-Lyon-BQR research, Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, N8 neuraminidase, Computer science, General Chemical Engineering, Bioactive molecules, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ancrage membranaire, Computational biology, molécule bioactive, 03 medical and health sciences, arguslab, genetic algorithm, General Materials Science, algorithme génétique, FtsZ, Lead Finder, docking method, inhibiteur, Virtual screening, biology, food and beverages, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, virtual screening, Combinatorial chemistry, FtsZ protein, inhibitor, 030104 developmental biology, Protein–ligand docking, chimie médicinale, Docking (molecular), Modeling and Simulation, biology.protein, Neuraminidase, Information Systems
Abstract: Virtual screenings based on molecular docking play a major role in medicinal chemistry for the identification of new bioactive molecules. For this purpose, several docking methods can be used. Here, using Arguslab as software and a Gold Platinum subset library of commercially available compounds from Asinex, two docking methods associated to the scoring function Ascore were employed to investigate virtual screenings. One method is based on a genetic algorithm and the other based on a shape-based method. As case studies, both docking techniques were explored by targeting the PC190723 binding site of FtsZ protein from Staphylococcus aureus and the active site of N8 neuraminidase from Influenza virus. Following four docking sequences for each docking engine, the genetic algorithm led to multiple docking results, whereas the shape-based method gave reproducible results. The present study shows that the stochastic nature of the genetic algorithm will require the biological evaluation of more compounds than the shape-based method. This study showed that both methods are complementary and also led to the identification of neuraminidase and FtsZ potential inhibitors.
Published: 2017
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