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Given the negative role of problematic use of new technological devices (NTD) in behavioral and psychological domains, the aim of the study is the Italian adaptation and validation of the Internet Motive Questionnaire for Adolescents (IMQ-A) in order to understand the motivation for the use of NTD. A total of 769 students 10?19 aged (M = 13.22, SD = 1.56) completed the IMQ-A, the Collins Figures Rating Scale, and two measures regarding the problematic NTD use, focused on overuse during the night and during meals. The IMQ-A showed adequate internal consistency with regard to its four subscales: Coping (? = .84), Social (? = .80), Enhancement (? = .80), and Conformity (? = .68) motives. However, with regard to factorial structure, a threefactor model (excluding Conformity subscale) showed slightly better fit indices than the original model. Coping motive was correlated with problematic NTD use and succeeded in predicting higher scores in body dissatisfaction as evidence of criterion-related and external validity. The Italian adaptation of the IMQ-A can be useful in both research and clinical fields, in order to propose alternative strategies for coping to users and to improve emotion regulation facets.

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a rare form of inherited dyslipidemia resistant to conventional cholesterol-lowering medications so that lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is usually required. Lomitapide has been approved for the treatment of HoFH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of lomitapide in HoFH patients followed with the usual clinical care. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a rare form of inherited dyslipidemia resistant to conventional cholesterol-lowering medications so that lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is usually required. Lomitapide has been approved for the treatment of HoFH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of lomitapide in HoFH patients followed with the usual clinical care.Clinical and biochemical data were retrospectively collected in 15 HoFH patients (10 with mutations in the LDLR gene and 5 in the LDLRAP1 gene) treated for at least 6 months with lomitapide in addition to lipid-lowering therapies (LLT) in different Lipid Clinics across Italy.The mean follow-up period was 32.3 +/- 29.7 months. During background therapies, HoFH patients showed a mean LDL-C level of 426.0 +/- 204.0 mg/dl. The addition of lomitapide at the average dosage of 19 mg/day lowered LDL-C levels by 68.2 +/- 24.8%. At their last visit, 60% of patients showed LDL-C < 100 mg/dl and 46.6% < 70 mg/dl. During follow-up, 8 of 10 patients receiving LA (80%) stopped this treatment due to marked LDL-C reduction. A wide range (13-95%) of individual LDL-C reduction was observed, but this was not related to genotype. During follow-up, 53.3% of patients reported at least one episode of diarrhea, but none was referred as severe; none had liver transaminase > 5x ULN or had to stop treatment due to side effects. A subset of patients was evaluated by liver ultrasound and fibroscan (n = 5) or nuclear magnetic resonance with spectroscopy (MRS) (n = 1) not showing clinical evidence of liver damage.In this real-world experience, lomitapide was confirmed to be a very powerful cholesterol-lowering agent in HoFH showing a good safety profile.

This essay treats the figure of the architect and draftsman Luigi Balugani: specifically his training and his first professional activity, documented in Bologna and in Rome. Balugani’s name is known on account of his association with the archaeological and naturalistic expedition to Africa and to the Middle East led in 1765 by the Scott James Bruce of Kinnaird, in which Balugani took part as a draftsman. As regards his professional training, Balugani gained experience in the Bolognese context of the Accademia Clementina in the 1750s, an academic experience representative of the background of many architects, not only in Bologna. Luigi Ferdinando Marsili was the founder of the Institute of Sciences and Arts, that incorporated the Accademia Clementina. Due to his interdisciplinary organization of the course of studies, and following the twenty years of teaching at the Academy by Ferdinando Galli Bibiena, the academic program of the Institute came to include the study of subjects such as measurement, architectonic composition and perspective, while leaving out the practical aspects of architecture. It is no coincidence that most of Balugani’s documented experiences, both in Bologna and in Rome, where he moved in 1761 to improve his studies, centre on drawing and engraving, which he learnt at the Accademia.

National audience

Oil industry is continuously evolving chasing the fast development of the contrasting requirements of modern life. From one side, it tries to satisfy the growing energy demand adopting its production to provide the energy resources requred by the market while considering at the same time the increasing pressure to the environmental protection. For this reason, the increasing demand for diesel fuels coupled with the progressive tightening of environmental specifications has brought new emphasis on the research on gasoil production. Worldwide refineries, also in consideration of the varyng quality of the feedstock, are tryng to optimaze the current process operation to maximize the utilization of the available sources. Depending of the specific constraints, this is realizable through the construction of the new plants or the revamp of pre-existing units coupled to the utilization of state of the art catalysts. In any case, optimization of operating conditions is crucial. In this context, this thesis proposes a phenomenological model that could be used to optimize the operating conditions of hydroprocessing plants that, due to their hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactions, are the refinery plants devoted to the improvement of gasoil quality. In this way the optimization of the process can always guarantee the satisfaction of more critical specifications.

The rapid spread of the mosquito aedes albopictus, a vector of dengue fever and Chikungunya, in the metropolitan area, poses a real public health issue for which anti-vector control (LAV) is currently the only available means to limit the risk of an epidemic.In view of the objective increase in risks, it is becoming increasingly urgent and necessary to better understand the multiple factors of vulnerability - particularly cognitive, social and behavioral - and resilience in the event of an outbreak of arbovirusesThe research is based on monographs, interviews with the population, health professionals, actors in charge of the LAV or health policies and, on the other hand, quantitative surveys by initial or repeated surveysThe results show that people living in the regions most formerly colonized by the Aedes and those who have observed Aedes are more likely to declare protective measures against mosquitoes and that therefore the representations of the vector risk are not not independent of ecological factors. On the Atlantic coast it appears that the mosquito nuisance must be taken into account in a set of associated risks within a more complex system.; L’extension rapide en métropole de la zone d’implantation du moustique aèdes albopictus, vecteur de la dengue et du Chikungunya, pose une vraie question de santé publique pour laquelle la lutte anti-vectorielle (LAV) constitue à ce jour le seul moyen disponible pour limiter les risques d’épidémie. Or, face à l’accroissement objectif des risques, il apparaît de plus en plus urgent et nécessaire de mieux comprendre les facteurs multiples de vulnérabilité – en particulier cognitifs, sociaux et comportementaux – et de résilience en cas d’épidémie d’arboviroses La recherche repose d’une part sur des monographies, des entretiens réalisés auprès de la population, des professionnels de santé, des acteurs en charge de la LAV ou des politiques sanitaires et d’autre part sur des enquêtes quantifiées par sondages initiaux ou répétés.Les résultats obtenus montrent que les personnes vivant dans les régions les plus anciennement colonisées par les Aèdes et celles qui ont observés des Aèdes sont plus prédisposées à déclarer des mesures de protection contre les moustiques, et qu’en conséquence les représentations du risque vectoriel ne sont pas indépendantes des facteurs écologiques. Sur la façade atlantique il apparait que la nuisance moustique doit être prise en compte dans un ensemble de risques associés au sein d’un système plus complexe.

The rapid spread of the mosquito aedes albopictus, a vector of dengue fever and Chikungunya, in the metropolitan area, poses a real public health issue for which anti-vector control (LAV) is currently the only available means to limit the risk of an epidemic.In view of the objective increase in risks, it is becoming increasingly urgent and necessary to better understand the multiple factors of vulnerability - particularly cognitive, social and behavioral - and resilience in the event of an outbreak of arbovirusesThe research is based on monographs, interviews with the population, health professionals, actors in charge of the LAV or health policies and, on the other hand, quantitative surveys by initial or repeated surveysThe results show that people living in the regions most formerly colonized by the Aedes and those who have observed Aedes are more likely to declare protective measures against mosquitoes and that therefore the representations of the vector risk are not not independent of ecological factors. On the Atlantic coast it appears that the mosquito nuisance must be taken into account in a set of associated risks within a more complex system.; L’extension rapide en métropole de la zone d’implantation du moustique aèdes albopictus, vecteur de la dengue et du Chikungunya, pose une vraie question de santé publique pour laquelle la lutte anti-vectorielle (LAV) constitue à ce jour le seul moyen disponible pour limiter les risques d’épidémie. Or, face à l’accroissement objectif des risques, il apparaît de plus en plus urgent et nécessaire de mieux comprendre les facteurs multiples de vulnérabilité – en particulier cognitifs, sociaux et comportementaux – et de résilience en cas d’épidémie d’arboviroses La recherche repose d’une part sur des monographies, des entretiens réalisés auprès de la population, des professionnels de santé, des acteurs en charge de la LAV ou des politiques sanitaires et d’autre part sur des enquêtes quantifiées par sondages initiaux ou répétés.Les résultats obtenus montrent que les personnes vivant dans les régions les plus anciennement colonisées par les Aèdes et celles qui ont observés des Aèdes sont plus prédisposées à déclarer des mesures de protection contre les moustiques, et qu’en conséquence les représentations du risque vectoriel ne sont pas indépendantes des facteurs écologiques. Sur la façade atlantique il apparait que la nuisance moustique doit être prise en compte dans un ensemble de risques associés au sein d’un système plus complexe.

The article presents some of the discussions carried out by the ASTEE work groups on asset management of drinking water and sewer networks. It focuses on two guides : the first guide deals with infrastructures' accounting, it was published in 2014. Its aim was to combine technical approaches to decision support, taking account maintenance and rehabilitation or renovation decisions, but also accounting and financial approaches, necessary to prepare multiannual investment plans; the second guide to be published in 2017, focuses on methods of cost accounting and cost analysis at the level of the drinking water supply and sewer utilities with a specific view on asset management. The two guides are based on the theoretical frame-work and the approaches resulting from the research works but above all on utilities but mainly on feedbacks.; L'article présente une partie du travail réalisé par les groupes de travail de l'Astee sur la gestion patrimoniale des réseaux d'eau potable et d'assainissement. Il s'intéresse plus précisément à deux guides : le guide qui traite des immobilisations paru en 2014 et dont l'objectif était de croiser les approches techniques d'aide à la décision, tenant compte de la maintenance et des décisions de réhabilitation ou de rénovation, avec les approches comptables et financières permettant l'élaboration des plans pluriannuels d'investissements (PPI); le guide de 2017 qui s'intéresse aux méthodes de comptabilité analytique et d'analyse de coûts à l'échelle du service d'eau potable et d'assainissement avec un regard spécifique sur la gestion patrimoniale. Les deux guides s'appuient sur le cadre théorique et les approches issues de la recherche, mais surtout sur des retours d'expérience.

Les effluents d’élevage, boues d’épuration, déchets organiques urbains et effluents industriels – qualifiés de matières fertilisantes d’origine résiduaire (Mafor) - constituent des sources d'éléments fertilisants et de matière organique pour fertiliser ou amender les sols agricoles ou forestiers. L’expertise a fait le point sur les impacts agronomiques, environnementaux et socio-économiques de leur épandage.

Extending the network of strict forest reserves is one of the conservation measures promoted by the French National Strategy for Biodiversity improvement. According to the scientific literature, strict forest reserves may help preserving a part of the biodiversity that is threatened by forest management. However, this management choice is based on poor knowledge in the French context and the studies concerned may suffer from methodological shortcomings. The national-scale project named “Forest management, Naturalness and Biodiversity” aims at quantifying the effects on forest structure and biodiversity of management abandonment in the strict reserves. Based on a worldwide meta-analysis and 213 study plots set up in 15 forest sites throughout France, we analysed the response of 7 taxonomic groups to management abandonment. On the one hand, we show that forest management affects total richness of saproxylic taxa worldwide, in particular bryophytes and saproxylic fungi. On the other hand, this trend is verified on our dataset. However, management abandonment per se is not always the best explanation of the differences between managed and unmanaged forests, but other variables, notably linked to deadwood, better explain the observed patterns for these groups. For the other taxa, the response is weakest but depends more on structural features than on management abandonment. In terms of policy, our project has allowed methodological advances thanks to the development of inventory and remote sensing protocols, as well as statistical methods. The dataset we have gathered is also a first comparison of structure and biodiversity between strict forest reserves and managed forest for France. This network may therefore constitute a first basis for long term biodiversity monitoring in French forests., L'extension raisonnée du réseau de réserves forestières intégrales fait partie des mesures adoptées par la Stratégie Nationale pour la Biodiversité pour améliorer la biodiversité forestière métropolitaine française. Au regard de la littérature scientifique, la non-exploitation favoriserait une partie de la biodiversité forestière menacée par la gestion forestière traditionnelle, mais les connaissances qui sous-tendent ce choix se révèlent très partielles et souffrent de problèmes méthodologiques. D’envergure nationale, le projet « Gestion forestière, Naturalité et Biodiversité » (GNB ; http://gnb.irstea.fr) a pour objectif principal d’étudier l’impact de l’arrêt d’exploitation forestière dans le réseau des réserves forestières intégrales sur la structure des peuplements et sur la biodiversité Sur la base d’une méta-analyse et de 213 placettes installées dans 15 massifs forestiers français, nous avons analysé la réponse de 7 groupes taxonomiques à l’arrêt d’exploitation. Nous montrons d’une part que les résultats mondiaux confirment que l’exploitation affecte la richesse des taxons saproxyliques, notamment bryophytes et champignons, et que, d’autre part, cette tendance se vérifie pour le jeu de données issu du projet. Cependant, la mise en réserve en tant que telle n’est la plupart du temps pas la meilleure explication des différences entre peuplements exploités et non exploités, mais d’autres variables, liées au bois mort notamment, expliquent mieux les patrons pour ces groupes. Pour les autres taxons, la réponse est plus faible mais dépend plus de la structure du peuplement que de la mise en réserve. En termes d’appui aux politiques publiques, le projet a permis des avancées méthodologiques notamment grâce au développement de protocoles d’inventaires et de télédétection, et de méthodes statistiques. Le jeu de données acquis constitue par ailleurs un premier état des lieux de la structure forestière et de la biodiversité des réserves forestières intégrales en France, en comparaison avec des forêts exploitées. Ce dispositif pourrait ainsi servir de première base à un suivi au long cours de la biodiversité des forêts françaises.

Tree density in managed forests is likely to be reduced as a result of the forecasted increasing woodfuel demand and the need to improve the resistance of trees to summer droughts. Such a change may alter the forest functioning and impact the forest biodiversity. The project Imprebio aimed at quantifying the effects of different thinning regimes on ground flora, soil fauna and microorganisms, gastropods and aerial insects, in interaction with deer herbivory. A second aim was to study the underlying mechanisms. We used two complementary networks of regular oak forests where tree density is experimentally controlled in the long-term (GIS data cooperative and LERFOB network). Our results showed how tree density reduces light in the understory, buffers temperature variations and dries soils earlier in summer. As expected a strong site effect was found for most biotic and abiotic variables, whereas stand density was often a secondary but significant explaining factor for biodiversity. Analyses using functional traits revealed links, sometimes complex, between stand features, vegetation cover, and taxonomic diversity. For instance a bell-shaped relationship was found between anecic earthworm diversity and tree density, as well as between the overall floristic and entomological species diversity and the cover of competitive plant species. A decrease in tree density altered the chemical properties of litter but enhanced the microbial activity in acidic soils, which are the most frequent in our oak forest network. The expected decrease in tree density should not lead to dramatic changes in forest ecosystem functioning and biodiversity in the future. Yet such changes can occur when the cover of competitive plants exceeds 50%, provoking negative cascading effects on the rest of the ground flora and on invertebrates. Care should be taken to implement our results in terms of forestry guidelines due to the experimental design of the study sites and the reduced plot number. Implementation of the relationships revealed by our study into a mechanistic model (RReShar) of forest dynamics should help refining the consequences of different scenarios of forestry changes on forest ecosystem.; Pour répondre aux prévisions d’une augmentation de la demande de bois énergie et pour limiter la sensibilité des peuplements aux sécheresses estivales, la sylviculture devrait conduire à des peuplements forestiers moins denses ; ces modifications de pratiques sont susceptibles d’impacter la biodiversité. Le projet Imprebio visait à quantifier les effets de différents régimes d’éclaircie sur la flore, la faune et les microorganismes du sol, les gastéropodes et les insectes aériens, en interaction avec la pression d’herbivorie par les cervidés, et à étudier les mécanismes associés. Ce travail s’est appuyé sur deux réseaux complémentaires de peuplements réguliers de chênes dont la densité des arbres est gérée de manière expérimentale (GIS coopérative de données et Réseau LERFOB). Les analyses montrent comment la densité des arbres diminue l’éclairement du sous-bois, tamponne les variations de températures et assèche les sols plus précocement. Concernant la biodiversité, un fort effet site, attendu, est observé, pour la majorité des variables biotiques ou abiotiques étudiées. L’effet de la densité du peuplement est secondaire mais significatif pour de nombreuses guildes. L’impact des grands herbivores est difficile à mettre en évidence. Les analyses par traits fonctionnels révèlent en revanche des liens, parfois complexes, entre compartiments de diversité. Par exemple la relation entre la densité du peuplement forestier et la diversité des vers de terre anéciques est quadratique, comme celle entre le recouvrement des plantes interférentes et la diversité floristique et entomologique. L’ouverture des peuplements altère la qualité des litières mais favorise l’activité microbienne sur les sols acides, largement représentés dans les chênaies étudiées. La diminution attendue de la densité des peuplements forestiers ne devrait pas entraîner de modifications radicales de l’écosystème forestier (fonctionnement, biodiversité). Les atteintes les plus fortes sont visibles dans le cas où le recouvrement de la végétation interférente se développe au-delà de 50% de couvert, provoquant des effets en cascade sur le reste de la flore et des invertébrés. Nos résultats donnent des bases et des références pour une implémentation en termes de recommandations sylvicoles garantes d’un certain maintien de la biodiversité. Cependant il faut garder à l’esprit le caractère expérimental des placettes étudiées et leur faible nombre avant toute généralisation. En ce sens, l’implémentation des relations que nous avons mises en évidence dans un modèle de dynamique forestière (RReShar) devrait permettre d’explorer les conséquences pour l’écosystème forestier de différents scénarios d’évolution sylvicole.

Les effluents d’élevage, boues d’épuration, déchets organiques urbains et effluents industriels – qualifiés de matières fertilisantes d’origine résiduaire (Mafor) - constituent des sources d'éléments fertilisants et de matière organique pour fertiliser ou amender les sols agricoles ou forestiers. L’expertise a fait le point sur les impacts agronomiques, environnementaux et socio-économiques de leur épandage.

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]ARCEAU [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]ARCEAU; Dans le cadre du projet Explore 2070, une évaluation des impacts possibles des changements climatiques sur les eaux de surface à l’horizon 2046-2065 par rapport à un état de référence 1961-1990 a été réalisée en France métropolitaine et sur les départements d’Outre-Mer sur la base du scénario d’émission de gaz à effet de serre A1B, de sept modèles climatiques et deux modèles hydrologiques (Isba-Modcou et GR4J). Sur la métropole, les résultats obtenus indiquent : (1) une augmentation possible des températures moyennes annuelles de l’air de l’ordre de +1,4°C à + 3°C ; (2) une évolution incertaine des précipitations, la plupart des modèles s’accordant cependant sur une tendance à la baisse des précipitations en été sur l’ensemble de la métropole ; (3) une diminution significative globale des débits moyens annuels à l’échelle du territoire, de l’ordre de 10 % à 40 %, particulièrement prononcée sur les districts Seine-Normandie et Adour Garonne ; (4) pour une grande majorité des cours d’eau, une baisse prononcée des débits d’étiage ; (5) des évolutions plus hétérogènes et globalement moins importantes sur les crues. Une attention particulière a été donnée à l’évaluation des incertitudes associées à ces résultats. Elles permettent de mieux évaluer le niveau de signification des évolutions projetées. Les tendances calculées pour les départements d’Outre-Mer peuvent être considérées comme non significatives compte tenu du niveau d’incertitude élevé associé à la chaîne de modélisation hydro-climatique. Les résultats obtenus invitent à définir dès à présent des stratégies d’adaptation basées notamment sur une meilleure gestion de la ressource. / Within the Explore 2070 project, an evaluation of the possible impacts of climate change on surface water between the 1961-1990 reference period and the 2046-2065 period was carried out in continental France and in overseas departments on the basis of the A1B greenhouse gas emission scenario, seven general circulation models and two hydrological models (Isba-Modcou and GR4J). In continental France, results indicate: (1) a possible increase in air temperature between +1.4°C and +3°C; (2) an uncertain evolution of precipitation, most models however agreeing on a decreasing trend in summer precipitation; (3) a significant decrease (10% to 40%) of mean annual flows at the country scale, especially pronounced in the Seine-Normandie and Adour-Garonne districts; (4) a strong decrease in summer low flows in most basins; (5) more heterogeneous and less significant evolutions for floods. A special care was given to the quantification of the uncertainties linked to these results. They provide an indication of the significance of projected changes. The evolutions calculated in the overseas zones can be considered non-significant given the level of uncertainty linked to the hydro-climatic modelling chain. These results urge to implement adaptation strategies based on a better management of water resources, among others.

International audience; Indoor air quality surveillance in public premises, especially those hosting vulnerable populations such as children, was introduced in the second French national environment and health action plan and then regulated by the first "Grenelle Environnement" law, on August 3rd, 2009. A national pilot monitoring survey of indoor air quality in 310 French schools and day-care centres was performed in two phases from 2009 to 2011. The results of the first phase show that air quality is overall acceptable in 90% of the establishments with respect to the management values suggested by the French committee for public health. Nonetheless, a few cases required additional diagnoses or corrective measures. Furthermore, air stuffiness (based on CO2 measurements) was found to be very high in 16% of the classrooms. The Mayors and School Principals were informed and provided with means to identify the main sources of pollution and to implement remediation actions.

International audience; Rockfall release is a rather unpredictable process. As a result, the occurrence of rockfall often threatens humans and (infra)structures. The assessment of potential drivers of rockfall activity therefore remains a major challenge, even if the relative influence of rainfall, snowmelt, or freeze thaw cycles has long been identified in short‐term monitoring projects. In the absence of longer‐term assessments of rockfall triggers and possible changes thereof, our knowledge of rockfall dynamics remains still lacunary as a result of the persisting scarcity of exhaustive and precise rockfall databases. Over the last decades, several studies have employed growth disturbances (GDs) in tree‐ring series to reconstruct rockfall activity. Paradoxically, these series were only rarely compared to meteorological records. In this study, we capitalize on the homogeneity of a centennial‐old reforestation plot to develop two reconstructions – R1 including only growth suppressions, and R2 based on injuries – with limited biases related to decreasing sample size and changes in exposed diameters back in time. By doing so, our study also and quite clearly highlights the large potential that protection forests have in terms of yielding reliable, multidecadal rockfall reconstructions. From a methodological perspective, we find no synchronicity between R1 and R2, as well as an absence of meteorological controls on rockfall processes in R1. This observation pleads for a careful selection of GDs in future reconstructions. In terms of process dynamics, we demonstrate that summer intense rainfall events (>10 mm day−1) are the main drivers for rockfall activity at our study site. Despite the stringency of our detection procedure, correlations between rockfall activity and meteorological variables remain comparable to those reported in previous studies, as a result of the complexity and multiplicity of triggering factors. We therefore call for a more systematic coupling of tree‐ring analysis with rockfall and microclimatic monitoring in future studies. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In situ chemical reduction (ISCR) has been identified as a possible way for the remediation of soils contaminated by chlordecone (CLD). Evidences provided by the literature indicate an association between the development of prostate cancer and CLD exposure (Multigner et al. 2010). In a previous in vitro study, we demonstrated that the two main dechlorinated CLD derivatives formed by ISCR, CLD-1Cl, and CLD-3Cl have lower cytotoxicity and proangiogenic properties than CLD itself (Legeay et al. 2017). By contrast, nothing is known on the in vivo proangiogenic effect of these dechlorinated derivatives. Based on in vitro data, the aims of this study were therefore to evaluate the in vivo influence of CLD and three of its dechlorinated metabolites in the control of neovascularization in a mice model of prostate cancer. The proangiogenic effect of CLD and three of its dechlorinated derivatives, CLD-1Cl, CLD-3Cl, and CLD-4Cl, was evaluated on a murine model of human prostate tumor (PC-3) treated, at two exposure levels: 33 μg/kg and 1.7 μg/kg respectively reflecting acute and chronic toxic exposure in human. The results of serum measurements show that, for the same ingested dose, the three metabolite concentrations were significantly lower than that of CLD. Dechlorination of CLD lead therefore to molecules that are biologically absorbed or metabolized, or both, faster than the parent molecule. Prostate tumor growth was lower in the groups treated by the three metabolites compared to the one treated by CLD. The vascularization measured on the tumor sections was inversely proportional to the rate of dechlorination, the treatment with CLD-4Cl showing no difference with control animals treated with only the vehicle oil used for all substances tested. We can therefore conclude that the proangiogenic effect of CLD is significantly decreased following the ISCR-resulting dechlorination. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which dechlorination of CLD reduces proangiogenic effects in prostate tumor.

International audience

Shopping and cooking: the organization of food practices at the intersection of access to food shops and household properties in France. 3rd Spanish congress of sociology of food

This study presents the principles of the new coupling interface based on the SURFEX multi-surface model and the OASIS3-MCT coupler. As SURFEX can be plugged into several atmospheric models, it can be used in a wide range of applications, from global and regional coupled climate systems to high-resolution numerical weather prediction systems or very fine-scale models dedicated to process studies. The objective of this development is to build and share a common structure for the atmosphere–surface coupling of all these applications, involving on the one hand atmospheric models and on the other hand ocean, ice, hydrology, and wave models. The numerical and physical principles of SURFEX interface between the different component models are described, and the different coupled systems in which the SURFEX OASIS3-MCT-based coupling interface is already implemented are presented.

En 2013, le programme Risques Decision Territoire du ministere francais de l’Environnement de l’Energie et de la Mer a lance un appel a propositions de recherche pour travailler sur des approches alternatives de gestion des risques et des territoires, impliquant notamment la notion de resilience. Ce support de recherche a permis de mener une reflexion sur la gestion des risques et le devenir de deux territoires soumis a d’importants changements (pas necessairement lies aux risques dits naturels, ou technologiques) : le bassin industriel de Lacq et le massif des Landes, dans le cadre du programme ACTER – Accompagner les Changements vers des Territoires Resilients. Le rapport de recherche est disponible ici : [en ligne] URL : https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01498643/document. La restitution de ce programme lors d’un colloque final tenu a Pau en mars 2017 a permis d’inviter la communaute des chercheurs a partager leur experience dans l’usage ou l’etude de la resilience. Ce dossier Hors-serie est l’occasion de rassembler les contributions qui s’illustrent particulierement dans le domaine de la gestion des risques et des territoires.

International audience

International audience; This paper aims at identifying how the idea of resilience could significantly contribute to disasters reduction. We argue that two elements are crucial: questions of governance and diversity of actors. A place-based and constructivist approach of Lacq area was carried out. The development of Lacq was based on an important natural gas field discovered in the 1950's and a subsequent chemical industrial complex. From the 1980's Lacq had to carry out an industrial reconversion to tackle a severe economic crisis and the depletion of the gas field (the commercial exploitation ended in 2013). The area is exposed to different risks (both natural and industrial) and to changing territorial dynamics, uncertain future in the globalization context and political changes (decentralization with an increasing involvement of local authorities in economic development). The different kind of risks and changes the territory has to deal with may offer a good opportunity to study the idea of resilience. But our work shows that local stakeholders (risk practitioners, state representatives, mayors, companies representatives, inhabitants) never use the term "resilience". A place-based approach allows to contextualize resilience drivers. It points out local framework, power relations among actors and interactions between local and more global levels (multinational firm strategies, national energy transition framework...) which are essential drivers of future local pathways. We believe that resilience is plural and represents the "least bad" choices for the largest number of people whom voice is taken into account, because it is unrealistic to regard territorial resilience as a whole and to consider that all actors have common interests and the same power in decision-making process.; Ce travail a pour objectif d'identifier à quelles conditions l'idée de résilience peut, malgré ses faiblesses conceptuelles, contribuer de manière significative à la prévention des risques de désastres. Deux conditions nous semblent déterminantes : la question de la gouvernance et la reconnaissance de la pluralité des acteurs. Une approche territoriale du bassin industriel de Lacq, autour d'une conception du risque plus constructiviste que naturaliste, fonde la réflexion. Le bassin est concerné par des risques multiples, des futurs incertains et des dynamiques territoriales changeantes. On trouverait là " en principe " des conditions appropriées pour mobiliser la notion de résilience. Mais dans les faits, la notion de résilience ne fait pas partie du vocabulaire des acteurs de terrain et malgré un discours dominant sur la " culture du risque " le rapport à celui-ci est pluriel. L'approche territoriale permet de contextualiser les ressorts de la résilience en mettant l'accent sur les effets de contexte, les rapports de force entre acteurs et les articulations entre échelles (politique industrielle, transition énergétique, par exemple) auxquels sont liées les destinées locales. Il s'agit de reconnaître que la résilience est plurielle : elle correspond aux moins mauvaises des décisions pour le plus grand nombre d'acteurs dont la voix compte, car il est illusoire de penser que tous les acteurs ont des intérêts convergents et qu'ils comptent également dans la décision, sur le territoire.

International audience; Based on two case studies located in French overseas territories, this presentation aims to investigate how to basecoastal risk management policies on natural coastal system protection. The in-depth analysis of the impacts of andresilience to cyclones Oli in Tubuai Island (French Polynesia, Feb. 2010) and Bejisa in Reunion Island (Jan. 2014),raised the major role of natural buffers degradation (i.e. sand-dune systems) in increasing vulnerability. Five processes are analysed here: contraction (reduction in land area), fragmentation of sedimentary cells by coastal structures, shoreline fixation due to coastal defences, removal or modification of vegetation and finally, coral beach extraction. These phenomena alter the attenuation function of waves and wind, and finally increase damages when a coastal hazard occurs. This results have concrete implications in terms of enhancing resilience of territories to sea-related risks, enabling to: (1) design and implement conservation and restoration policies so as to strengthen the buffering capacity of sand-dune systems; (2) consider the sediment cell as the relevant scale for coastal risk management; (3) implement context-specific solutions that take into account long-term changes, so as to initiate a climate change adaptation policy.; En se basant sur deux études de cas situées dans l’outre-mer français, cet article traite de l’intégration des espaces naturels littoraux dans la gestion des risques liés à la mer. L’étude des impacts de et de la résilience aux cyclones Oli (février 2010) à Tubuai (Polynésie française) et Bejisa (janvier 2014) à la Réunion, a mis en évidence le rôle majeur de la dégradation de la zone tampon (systèmes plages-dunes dans notre étude) dans l’augmentation de la vulnérabilité. Cinq processus de dégradation sont analysés : la contraction (diminution de la surface), la fragmentation des cellules hydro-sédimentaires par des aménagements côtiers, la fixation du trait de côte par des ouvrages de défense, le défrichement et la modification de la végétation et enfin l’extraction de matériaux coralliens sur les plages. Ces phénomènes ont pour conséquence la perturbation de la fonction d’amortissement des vagues et du vent, ce qui au final augmente l’endommagement des enjeux humains lors de la survenue d’un événement météo-marin extrême. Ces résultats ont des implications concrètes pour favoriser la résilience des territoires face aux risques liés à la mer : (1) mener une politique de protection et/ou de restauration des espaces naturels littoraux, (2) considérer la cellule hydrosédimentaire comme l’échelle d’intervention pertinente, (3) mettre en oeuvre des mesures différenciées qui prennent en compte le long terme, afin d’engager dès maintenant une politique d’adaptation au changement climatique.

International audience; Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., is a major disease of stone fruit and, in favorable environmental conditions and in the absence of fungicide treatments, it causes important economic losses. In the present work, we propose a modification of classical susceptible, exposed, infectious and removed compartmental models to grasp the peculiarities of the progression of brown rot epidemics in stone fruit orchards in the last stage of the fruit growth (i.e., from the end of the pit hardening to harvest time). Namely, we took into account (i) the lifespan of airborne spores; (ii) the dependence of the latent period on the cuticle crack surface area, which itself varies in time with fruit growth; (iii) the impossibility of recovery in infectious fruit; and (iv) the abrupt interruption of disease development by the elimination of the host fruit at harvest time. We parametrized the model by using field data from a peach Prunus persica orchard infected by Monilinia laxa and M. fructicola in Avignon (southern France). The basic reproduction number indicates that the environmental conditions met in the field were extremely favorable to disease development and the model closely fitted the temporal evolution of the fruit abundance in the different epidemiological compartments. The model permits us to highlight crucial mechanisms undergoing brown rot build up and to evaluate the consequences of different agricultural practices on the quantity and quality of the yield. We found that winter sanitation practices (which decrease the initial infection incidence) and the control of the fruit load (which affects the host fruit density and the single fruit growth trajectory) can be effective in controlling brown rot in conjunction with or in place of fungicide treatments.