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In the Marriage Game, women decide whether to get married and afterward men decide whether to cooperate in the domestic tasks. Then, if a husband is not cooperative, a wife can divorce or remain married. The sequence of decisions can be formalized as a game in extensive form, in which the strategic interaction between partners turns out evident. A husband may deceive, hoping that the divorce threat is not realistic, and a woman may decide not to get married from the beginning. If players had perfect knowledge about partners' attitude, then divorce would not exist. Unfortunately, partners' type is revealed only after the wedding. So, it is assumed that the game is played by different type of players, both men and women, and they interact with incomplete information. The model is solved by calculating all the perfect Bayes–Nash equilibria and it is shown that they depend on a complex interaction between model parameters, as multiple or mixed strategy equilibria can be found same parameters configuration. Comparing equilibria, we argue that the model can describe the marriage evolution that has been experienced by contemporary society. Following the increasing women's participation in the job market, the number of marriages started to decline, but surprisingly, we are observing its resurgence in the most advanced societies. Our solution to the Marriage Game points to both the active role of autonomous women and the men's expectations about marriage. As the number of autonomous women increases, men realize that divorce is credible and they change their expectations on women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited literature exists on men's experiences with intimate partner violence (IPV) during the COVID-19 lockdown, especially in resource-constrained settings such as Nigeria. We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and lifetime experiences of IPV among men in Nigeria during COVID-19 restrictions. Using a mixed methods design, we interviewed 420 married men with a structured questionnaire and conducted 20 in-depth interviews. Logistic regression and a framework approach were used for data analysis. Approximately 86.4% of respondents (n = 363) experienced IPV at some point in their lifetime. The prevalence of IPV during the COVID-19 restrictions was 76.2% (n = 320). Over a lifetime, verbal (67.4%), physical (78.1%), and sexual coercion (81.0%) were the most common forms of IPV. During the COVID-19 lockdown, the corresponding proportions were 48.6%, 69.5%, and 57.4%, respectively. Male- and female-perpetrated IPV over a lifetime (88.3% vs 87.6%) and during COVID-19 restrictions (88.3% vs 81.4%) were similar (p > 0.05). Older age, non-Muslim religion, longer marital duration, partner's profession, and no formal education were associated with higher IPV risk. Home confinement, financial stress, childbirth, disrespect toward spouse's parents, emotional detachment, disputes about child discipline, and suspected infidelity contributed to IPV. Men's active involvement in family life, improved communication, and increased transparency emerged as protective factors. Our findings highlight the high rates of IPV during the pandemic, with men as both perpetrators and victims. Future epidemic preparedness plans should prioritize IPV prevention strategies that enhance partner communication, promote male involvement in family life, address the gender education gap, and provide support services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is important to determine how well-informed sports fans are about inguinal hernias and what variables put them at risk for getting one. Methodology: Study conducted from August 2023 to December 2023. The approved online survey was distributed on social media platforms throughout Saudi Arabia. Results: Of the 459 people who took part in our study, 52.1% were men and 44.9% were between the ages of 20 and 30. The distribution of participants with high, average, and poor knowledge and awareness yielded 11%, 56%, and 33%, respectively. Unmarried women under the age of 40 exhibit a higher and average understanding of hernia compared to married men over the age of 40, with a comparison rate of 73. % vs. 56%, p=.001, 77% vs. 57%, p=.001, 69.6% vs. 60.3%, p=.001, respectively. Conclusion: There is sufficient understanding, familiarity, and knowledge regarding hernias and the factors that put individuals at risk among those involved in sports and fitness. It is advisable for married men aged 40 and above to acquire knowledge regarding hernias and the various factors that contribute to their susceptibility. Healthcare providers should give priority to this specific population when providing education on inguinal hernias to patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Sexual relationship between couples is an important aspect, with one of its most crucial functions being the creation of intimacy and strengthening emotional relationships between spouses. The present study aimed to determine the moderating role of marital intimacy in the relationship between perceived stress and sexual function of men. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-correlation study in which structural equation modeling method is used. The statistical population included Iranian married men aged 25 to 45 residing in Tehran and Isfahan Provinces in 2023 who had been living together for at least one year. Among them, a total of 204 individuals were selected using convenience sampling method. In this study, tools such as the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, Rosen's Male Sexual Function Questionnaire, and Walker & Thompson's Intimacy Questionnaire were used. The data was analyzed using Spearman's correlation test and path analysis, and with the use of a moderation model. Results: The findings indicated a significant negative relationship between perceived stress and sexual function of men (β=-0.45, p<0.001). Additionally, marital intimacy showed a significant positive relationship with sexual function of men (β=0.53, p<0.001). Ultimately, marital intimacy played a moderating role in the relationship between perceived stress and sexual function of men (β=0.31, p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current research, it can be concluded that perceived stresses have undesirable effects such as reducing sexual function in the relationship between spouses, and considering psychological variables such as marital intimacy can be effective in education and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 2023 nationwide study of 386 Iranian married heterosexual men assessed compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) and its correlation with demographic, sexual, and mental health variables. Using the cut-off point ≥ 18 of CSBD Scale-7, 5.2% were CSBD+. Univariate analysis revealed that CSBD+ men had higher rates of substance abuse, pornography use, paraphilic behaviors, sexual desire, arousal, orgasm ability, and younger age at first sex. After Bonferroni correction (p < 0.005), paraphilic behaviors and orgasm ability remained significant. Regression analysis showed positive associations between CSBD and lower age, substance use, extramarital affairs, paraphilic behaviors, higher sex drive, and less orgasm satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage is considered in the literature as a means of pooling risks and improving the well-being of couples. Thus, this article aims to analyze the relationship between marriage and the well-being of couples in Togo. To do so, we apply the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. Using data from the Enquête Harmonisée sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages (EHCVM) Togo 2018. We arrive at the results that, marriage positively affects the well-being of married women under monogamy and polygamy, but the well-being of women in common-law unions decreases. However, our results show that marriage negatively affects the well-being of married men in Togo, regardless of their marital status. Furthermore, we find that marriage is a decreasing function of education level in Togo, but that marriage contributes to improved household well-being in the Togolese context. Our results suggest that the provision of social assistance, such as affordable healthcare or employment assistance programs, could help improve the well-being of married men. Further policy implications are proposed in the light of our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous factors contribute to high fertility within a specific context some of which are related to women's fertility practices. What has been less frequently examined, however, is how men's preferences and behaviours contribute to high fertility rates. This is imperative in a country such as Sudan which has reported continuously high fertility rates. This study aimed to analyse the socio-cultural factors affecting husbands' preferences and behaviours contributing to high fertility in Sudan. Participants were recruited from the Fertility and Reproductive Health Services Centre in Khartoum and Ahfad Family Health Centre in Omdurman city. Qualitative interviews were used to examine men's fertility preferences and behaviours. The main study findings suggest that husband's fertility preferences and the desire for a large family were prominent, being determined by local socio-cultural factors and religious norms. The data presented offers insight into key factors sustaining high fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined co-rumination among married men and women and its influence on their reports of marital quality and depressive symptoms. Data were collected online through social media from 78 married men and 78 married women resulting in a total sample of 156 individuals residing in urban centers in Pakistan. Each participant had been married for at least one year, was at least 18 years old, and lived with their marital partner at the time of the survey. Although the results from multiple regression analyses revealed an increase in co-rumination was related to a decrease in the levels of depression, the moderating effect of the sex of participants indicated that the negative relationship between co-rumination and depression was only significant for married women. Furthermore, co-rumination was positively associated with marital relationship satisfaction. The findings suggest that that co-rumination with one's spouse has implications for improved mental health and marital satisfaction among married men and women in Pakistani families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the association between exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and symptoms of depression among a sample of married refugee men. The study recruited a convenient sample of 539 married Syrian refugee men residing in refugee camps and other locations in Jordan between 2021-2022. A cross-sectional, correlational design was employed. IPV and symptoms of depression among the participants were assessed by the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) and the Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively. The findings of the study revealed a moderate prevalence of depression among the refugee men, with the most experienced types of IPV being the absence of negotiation with partners, psychological violence, physical violence, and injury. Significant positive correlations were observed between all types of IPV and symptoms of depression. It was determined that approximately 80% of the variation in symptoms of depression could be explained by the combination of the four types of IPV. Psychological violence was the strongest predictor for symptoms of depression followed by the absence of negotiation between partners and the occurrence of injury. Offering recommendations for interventions would aid in the development of effective strategies and support systems aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of IPV on the mental well-being of married refugee men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Shame" analyzes the emotion of shame and its relationship with narcissistic injury and decreased self-esteem. The perspectives of Freud, Erickson, and other authors are reviewed, and clinical vignettes of two patients in psychoanalytic analysis are presented: Humberto, a young man dissatisfied with his career and personal relationships, and Gustavo, a married man who feels emotionally pressured at work. Both patients experience feelings of shame and difficulty in facing certain situations. The article seeks to understand shame as a basic human emotion. [Extracted from the article]

Engaging men has been established as central in addressing intimate partner violence. Yet few studies on intimate partner violence explored men's perspectives on what constitutes sexual violence in relationships only. To explore how men conceptualize sexual violence, we engaged a qualitative approach to unpack men's narratives of sexual IPV. The study was conducted in Mwanza, Tanzania using in-depth interviews with 30 married men. Men shared a broad spectrum of unacceptable behaviors that clearly or potentially connote sexual violence. Some of the acts were deemed to constitute sexual violence when directed to both men and women, while some were perceived as sexual violence when directed to women or men only. Threatened manhood underpinned men's conceptualization of sexual violence against them by their partners. Although a large part of men's narratives of sexual violence towards women seemed to challenge the common sexual scripts existing in patriarchal societies, some of their accounts indicated the persistence of traditional presumptions of masculine sexual entitlement. Our findings uncover additional dimensions of sexual violence that go beyond what is included in the current global frameworks, underscoring the critical need of giving people a voice in their local contexts in defining what sexual intimate partner violence entails for them. This may increase the likelihood of interventions becoming more acceptable and effective when targeting sexual violence, thereby contributing to reduced levels of sexual intimate partner violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In sub-Saharan Africa, water insecurity is intertwined with gender and sociocultural norms. While extensive scholarship exists on gender-water relations in the region, it predominantly focuses on women's roles and responsibilities, seldom considering the role of masculinities. This paper examines masculinities, gender relations, and women's embodied experiences of water insecurity. It situates women's embodied experiences of water insecurity within household and community masculinities. The study was conducted in Lilongwe, Malawi, and data were drawn from interviews, focus groups, observations, and household surveys. The findings advance the gender-water literature in at least three significant ways. First, they demonstrate how gendered labour underpins women's embodied experiences of water insecurity. Second, they show that women's decisions and strategies for coping with water insecurity are themselves an embodied consequence of water insecurity. Finally, they illuminate how men's perceptions and constructions of masculinity, expressed through marital expectations of femininity, shape women's embodied experiences of water insecurity. Together, the findings reveal intricate intersections between masculinities, gender relations, and women's everyday embodied experiences of water insecurity, validating the body as a significant site of geographic inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commitment is crucial in a marriage to ensure that the relationship can endure and thrive. This includes mixedorientation marriages where one partner is a bisexual male, and the other is a heterosexual spouse. In a conservative country like Malaysia, socio-cultural and religious influences undoubtedly exert significant pressure and affect the ability and commitment of bisexual husbands to remain in their marriages, often necessitating the concealment of their sexual identity from their partners. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the commitment levels of bisexual husbands to their marital relationships. Using a qualitative research approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 bisexual husbands who are currently married. The findings revealed that love for their wives, caring for their children, hope for change, internal religious motivation, upholding family honor, and avoiding social stigma are key elements contributing to maintaining commitment in their marriages. The insights gained from this study are expected to guide the development of interventions, support programs, and more effective counseling, as well as the formulation of more inclusive and supportive policies for this group within the context of marriage. Additionally, this study aims to raise societal awareness about the challenges faced by bisexual males in maintaining their marriages, thereby helping to reduce stigma and discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HIV partner counselling and testing in antenatal care (ANC) is a crucial strategy to raise the number of males who know their HIV status. However, in many settings like Tanzania, male involvement in antenatal care remains low, and there is a definite need for innovative strategies to increase male partner involvement. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of mobile phone intervention increase male partner ANC attendance for HIV testing in Moshi municipal, Tanzania. Methods: Between April and July 2022, we enrolled pregnant women presenting to a first ANC visit at Majengo and St. Joseph reproductive health facilities without their male partners. Eligible pregnant women were randomly assigned to invitation of their male partners either via phone calls, text messages from clinic staff and verbal invites from pregnant partners (intervention arm) or verbal invites only from the pregnant partners (control arm). Neither healthcare provider nor participant were blinded. The primary outcome was the proportion of male partners who attended ANC with their pregnant partners during a follow-up period of two consecutive visits. The secondary outcome measure was HIV testing among male partners following the invitation. Participants were analyzed as originally assigned (intention to treat). Results: A total of 350 pregnant women presenting to ANC for the first time were enrolled, with 175 women enrolled in each arm. The efficacy of male attendance with their pregnant women following the invitations was 83.4% (147/175) in the intervention arm and 46.3% (81/175) in the control arm. Overall, the results suggest a positive and statistically significant average treatment effect among men who received mobile phone intervention on ANC attendance. For the secondary outcome, the percent of male partners who accepted HIV counselling and testing was 99.3% (146/147) in the intervention arm and 93.8% (76/81) in the control arm. Married men were having higher odds of ANC attendance compared with single men (aOR:6.40(3.26–12.56), Males with multigravida women were having lower odds of ANC attendance compared with primigravida women (aOR:0.17(0.09–0.33). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that supplementing verbal invitations with mobile phone calls and text messages from clinic staff can significantly increase male partner ANC attendance and HIV testing. This combined approach is recommended in improving ANC attendance and HIV testing of male partners who do not accompany their pregnant partners to antenatal clinics in the first visits. Trial registration: PACTR202209769991162. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV self-testing (HIVST) holds promise for accessing hard-to-reach populations by overcoming sociocultural and structural barriers to awareness of HIV status. This phenomenological qualitative study explored the experiences and perspectives of married men in Kano, northern Nigeria, regarding HIV testing and counseling (HTC) and HIVST. Twenty married men from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds participated in in-depth interviews conducted in the local language. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data, yielding key themes related to prior test experiences, knowledge of self-testing, and perceived ease of use, in addition to motivation for self-testing and concerns about reliability and counseling support. The findings shed light on the impact of facility-based HIV testing experiences on the perspectives of participants. Concerns related to delays, overcrowding, discomfort, fear, and unsupportive attitudes from healthcare providers influenced their perceptions. Among persons with previous self-testing experience, initial uneasiness was overcome with repeated use, highlighting the ease of use associated with HIVST. Motivations for self-testing included privacy, convenience, personal empowerment, improved infection detection, and efficiency. Concerns were raised regarding the reliability of self-testing results compared to hospital-based testing, and the absence of counseling support during self-testing. Our findings underscore the need to address infrastructural limitations, enhance counseling support, and promote awareness and knowledge of HIVST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Currently, there are many different findings on the relationship between physical activity and depression, and there may be differences between genders. This study therefore focused on gender differences to understand the relationship between physical activity behaviour and the risk of depression in married individuals. Methods: 15607 married people in the China Family Panel Studies 2020 (CFPS 2020) were used to understand the relationship between physical activity and depression risk in different populations, and the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and binary logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between physical activity and depression risk in the married population. Results: 527 (6.64%) women were at high risk of depression and 365 (4.76%) men were at high risk of depression; physical activity was associated with the risk of depression in the married population, but after incorporating demographic and relevant cognitive variables, physical activity was negatively associated with the risk of depression in women (OR = 0.94, P < 0.01) but not statistically significant with the risk of depression in men (OR = 0.96, P > 0.05). Conclusion: Physical activity was directly related to the risk of depression in married women, but not in married men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This study aimed to assess the impact on marital satisfaction of marital communication attitudes during the childrearing period. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire with parents whose children had undergone the nationally required health examinations at 18 months or 3 years. The question items came from the Scale on Marital Communication Attitude and the Scale on Marital Satisfaction, and asked about basic attributes. To assess the impact of marital communication attitudes on marital satisfaction, a multiple linear regression analysis with forced entry was performed using scores of marital satisfaction as dependent variables and scores of three factors ('close/sympathetic,' 'overbearing,' and 'avoidant') in marital communication attitudes as independent variables. We also typified communication attitude patterns by two-step cluster analysis based on the scores of marital communication attitudes and examined whether there were differences in marital satisfaction between husbands and wives using an unpaired t-test. Results Questionnaire forms were distributed to 936 married couples. The 116 collected (response rate: 12.4%) were included in the study. A multiple linear regression analysis showed the adjusted R2 value to be 0.46 for husbands and 0.5 for wives (p < 0.01). The communication attitude that most strongly impacted on marital satisfaction in husbands was close/sympathetic (β = 0.522), followed by overbearing (β = -0.172) and avoidant (β = -0.149). In wives, close/sympathetic most strongly impacted on marital satisfaction (β = 0.557), followed by avoidant (β = -0.223); however, overbearing was not significant. The cluster analysis classified married couples into two groups: a close/sympathetic couple group with higher scores in close/sympathetic attitude and an overbearing and avoidant couple group with higher scores in overbearing and avoidant attitudes. The t-test indicated that both husbands and wives in the close/sympathetic couple group showed significantly higher marital satisfaction. Conclusion During the child-rearing period, marital communication attitudes greatly impact marital satisfaction. A close/sympathetic communication attitude and other attitudes toward their partner play a particularly important role in increasing marital satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rohingya women suffer from inaccessibility to sexual and reproductive health services in Myanmar. After the forcible displacement of the Rohingya from Myanmar to Bangladesh in 2017, pregnancy termination services have been increasingly important and desired, while knowledge gaps and obstacles to access services still exist. The role of community stakeholders is critical as gatekeepers and decision-makers to improve and strengthen pregnancy termination services for women in camps. However, there is paucity of evidence on their perspectives about pregnancy termination. This qualitative study aims to understand the perception and attitudes of Rohingya community stakeholders to pregnancy termination in the camps of Cox's Bazar. Methods: We used purposive sampling to select 48 participants from the community stakeholders, 12 from each group: majhis (Rohingya leaders), imams (religious leaders), school teachers, and married men. We conducted in-depth interviews of all the participants between May-June 2022 and October-November 2022. Data were coded on Atlas.ti and analysed using a thematic content analysis approach. Results: Multiple socio-cultural and religious factors, gendered norms and stigma associated with pregnancy termination acted as barriers to women seeking services for it. From a religious stance, there was greater acceptance of pregnancy termination in the earlier period than in the later period of pregnancy. We observed that pregnancy termination among community stakeholders in earlier stages of pregnancy than later. However, circumstances, such as a woman's marital status, whether she sought her husband's permission or her ability of childcare capacity, were often framed by community stakeholders as 'acceptable' for pregnancy termination. Health concerns and social and contextual factors can influence community stakeholders supporting pregnancy termination. Conclusions: The community stakeholders perspectives on barriers and enablers of pregnancy termination were variable with the context. These perspectives may support or impede women's ability to choice to seek pregnancy termination services. To improve women's choice to pregnancy termination, it is critical to consider roles of community stakeholders in creating their supporting attitudes to women's choice and access, and to designing targeted culturally appropriate interventions with communities support and engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide an empirical prediction of residential well-being (RWB) and sense of community (SoC) among Chinese rural-urban migrants (RUMs). Multiple linear regressions are used with survey data derived from a representative sample of 15 migrant villages located in three major urban regions of China in order to evaluate the contributions of socioeconomic factors, living conditions, and neighborhood conditions to the SoC score and RWB score. The majority of the sample consists of middle-aged, married men who live in shared housing, are registered in the agricultural Hukou (household registration) system, and have subpar housing. Empirical analyses show that, after adjusting for socioeconomic factors, living conditions, and community neighborhood conditions, Hukou status (urban or rural) significantly influences the RWB score rather than the SoC score. In the simultaneous equation models, the following factors can predict the SoC score and RWB score: age, gender, educational attainment, home ownership, number of housing facilities, monthly household income, number of living rooms, number of problem-solving channels, and converted residences. The SoC score and RWB score have a moderately strong correlation. Therefore, improving the living, institutional, socioeconomic, and neighborhood conditions will help to improve the SoC and RWB of RUMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Household water fetching elevates physical and emotional harms, and these are generally assumed to accrue to women due to gendered labor assignments. But even in cases like India where fetching remains a highly feminized task, there are households where the primary responsibility is assumed by men. Methods: We test the proposition that men's responsibility for water fetching is predicted by greater gender equity, reflected in measures of wives' empowerment. We used an extremely large, nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey dataset from India (2019–2020), narrowed to only households in which spouses co‐reside with off‐plot water sources (N = 10 616), and applying a multinomial regression approach. Results: In >20% of households, men are the primary fetchers. They are more likely to have primary responsibility when water is more distant, privately purchased, or transported by vehicle. Contrary to predictions, men assume greater responsibility for household water fetching as their wives' empowerment measures decrease and when they want to control their movement. Conclusion: Married men in India sometimes assume responsibility for water fetching, but this is not explained by greater household gender equity. The findings also suggest that when men are responsible for fetching they have heightened risk of some forms of physical trauma but less relative psychological harm. Detailing why men fetch water matters for identifying and mitigating the physical and emotion harms of bearing responsibility for water labor, with implications for how gender should be conceptualized in water interventions intending to improve health and well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has quickly spread worldwide, causing numerous challenges for people, such as lockdowns, isolation, and subsequent mental stress. Developing mental resilience is crucial for handling stress effectively. Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress and the resilience of the Indian population enables insight and facilitates thoughtful reformation in aiding the community. Aim: To assess the stress and resilience among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic and to find the association between demographic variables and stress and resilience. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate the correlation between stress and resilience among these subjects. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted Department of Psychiatry, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from February 2021 to April 2021. A total of 740 willing respondents affected by the COVID-19 pandemic participated in the study. A snowball sampling method was used in which participants were approached via a Google form circulated through their known contacts. The study encompassed those who had experienced either direct or indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The user-friendly Google form collected essential demographic information such as gender, marital status, and employment type. The stress and resilience levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Resilience Scale. The statistical analysis of sample characteristics with frequency distributions and categorical variables was done with the application of Chi-square tests. Correlation analysis was done using the Spearman's test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The research demonstrated remarkably low resilience levels and heightened stress levels among female participants (p<0.001, p<0.001) as well as single individuals (p=0.001, p<0.001). Conversely, a significant number of married men exhibited greater resilience (p=0.013) and reduced stress levels (p<0.001) compared to the rest of the population. Individuals in formal employment experienced less stress compared to those in informal employment (p=0.008). Notably, there was a moderate negative correlation between perceived stress and resilience which was significant (r=-0.562, p<0.001). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected mental health and coping mechanisms; factors such as gender, social connections, and financial stability play significant roles. The study found that women, single individuals, and those working in informal sectors faced increased stress during these challenging times. Hence, psychological interventions targeting the pandemic crisis need to be planned considering the highlighted biological, socio-economic, and occupational factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the effect of marriage entry on annual net rather than gross earnings across different institutional settings. Background: Previous research focused on men's gross wage marital premium to explore whether selection or specialization explains premiums. However, gross wages do not reflect disposable resources because taxes still have to be deducted. As the tax treatment varies across countries and by marital status, it is also relevant to consider such aspects. Method: We use panel data from the United States (PSID), Germany (SOEP), and the United Kingdom (UKHLS) to examine annual male net earnings changes over marriage entry using fixed effect models with individual slopes. The models enable us to assess marriage‐related net earnings while adjusting for heterogeneous age slopes before marriage in addition to any time‐constant heterogeneity. Our sample contains 3244 US men, 4581 German men, and 7140 British men. Results: Our results reveal a male marital net earnings premium only in Germany—a country with sizeable institutional marriage privileges. We go on to show heterogeneity in marriage effects by cohort, partner's education, and children. Results highlight that men from earlier cohorts and those married to partners with low education tend to benefit more. Conclusion: Results add novel insights to our understanding of marital premiums and highlight the relevance of tax policy contexts as an institutional driver underlying marital premiums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used for the treatment of various mental disorders. Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common side effects of SSRIs, and often leads to poor adherence and treatment discontinuation. While several strategies have been employed to manage SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction, drug holidays has not been extensively studied for this purpose. This clinical trial aims to assess the effect of drug holidays on sexual dysfunction in married men under treatment with SSRIs other than fluoxetine (as its long half-life makes drug holidays ineffective). Methods: This 8-week double-center, randomized, open-label, controlled trial was conducted in the outpatient clinics of Iran Psychiatric Hospital and Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, from January 2022 to March 2023. We included married men aged between18 and 50 years who had experienced sexual dysfunction during treatment with SSRIs, other than fluoxetine. The Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ) and the 28-Question General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used for the assessment of sexual function and mental health status. The drug holidays group was instructed not to take their medications on the weekends. The control group was asked to continue their regular medication regimen without any changes. Both groups were assessed at baseline, and weeks 4 and 8. Results: Sixty-three patients were included and randomly assigned to the drug holidays group (N = 32) or the control group (N = 31). Fifty patients (25 in each group) completed the trial. Drug holidays significantly improved erection, ejaculation, satisfaction, and the overall sexual health of the participants (P < 0.001). No significant change was observed in their mental health status. No major side effects were recorded. Conclusions: Drug holidays significantly improved the MSHQ scores in 'erection', 'ejaculation', 'satisfaction' and 'total' in married men with sexual dysfunction induced by SSRIs, other than fluoxetine, without causing any significant changes in their mental health status. Further research is needed to reach a certain conclusion. Trial registration: The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on 2021.10.25 (www.irct.ir; IRCT ID: IRCT20170123032145N6) before the trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research suggests that housing demolition negatively affects labour supply through the wealth effect of the demolition compensation. However, there is limited research on the gender differences in the impact of housing demolition on labour force participation. This study investigates the effects of housing demolition on labour force participation, with a specific focus on the gender difference. Using data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies, this study reveals a significant decline in labour force participation resulting from housing demolition, primarily driven by females. Moreover, housing demolition exerts a stronger effect on the labour force participation of married women, who tend to take on more responsibilities for household chores, while its impact on married men is less evident. These findings offer valuable insights into the issue of labour shortage and underscore the importance of reducing the traditional gender‐based division of household labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the capacity of young women at the beginning of the Romantic Period to elicit public scandal. By examining eight judicial lawsuits at the Royal Chancery of Valladolid against the backdrop of the history of emotions, we set out to study how public outrage around the conduct of these minors was typically built. They exercised their emotional freedom without limits or shame, insensitive to the emotional suffering they caused. Their scandals entailed irrational, deeply emotional journeys: transvestite lives in order to survive; inheritances received as a result of the infatuation of old married men; the eternal liaisons with married notaries, merchants or surgeons, parish priests, cousins' husbands; or the flattery of the soldiers leading to the contraction of the Great Pox. The element of irrationality stemmed from the fact that they were girls determined to escape from deprivation or loneliness; they could make an honest living, but aided by their youth and beauty, they felt attracted to an illegal trade that offered them a better life and extended their social circle so as to include privileged persons. Their families or respectable people encouraged them, while others admonished them, but the choice was ultimately theirs. Their transgressions, from innocent cross-dressing to cohabitation and prostitution, would often be treated with mercy by the courts. Like pastors and confessors, rather than punish them, the courts warned these unruly young women, thus giving them the opportunity to rebuild their lives away from public scandal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess couple concordance in attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV) and its association with physical IPV against women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,201 nonsterilized women aged 18–29 years and their husbands. It was found that husbands were significantly more likely (69.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.3%, 72.5%) to justify IPV than wives (56.5%, 95% CI: 53.7%, 59.3%). Couples who both hold attitudes justifying IPV against women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.57%–8.00%) and couples where women hold these attitudes, but men do not (AOR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.18–7.28), were more likely to report male-perpetrated IPV against women in the prior 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aim: Vasectomy was introduced in India in 1992 and is the most effective, simple, and safe permanent method of contraception yet its use is very limited among the population. The study's objectives were to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception towards vasectomy and the barriers to adoption among married men in Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Material and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted on married male attendants of patients and data were collected on sociodemographic details, knowledge regarding vasectomy, their attitude and perceptions towards vasectomy, and their intention of using vasectomy in the future. Results: Out of 300 participants, 258 (86%) participants have heard of vasectomy as a contraceptive method, and only one participant has undergone vasectomy. The majority (285; 95%) of the participants agreed that family planning is also a responsibility of males while nearly two-third (185; 61.7%) of them were not willing to undergo vasectomy in the future. Procedure-related factors, post-procedure-related factors, social factors, availability of alternate contraceptive methods, and preference for tubectomy were the barriers to the adoption of vasectomy. Concusion: There is a need to provide correct information and counseling about vasectomy and non-scalpel vasectomy to eligible couples to increase the acceptance of vasectomy as a safe, effective, and cheaper method of contraception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the ancient Church, celibacy was not known in the sense of the obligation of higher clergy to maintain celibacy. Married men as well as voluntarily unmarried men were ordained. There was, however, a practice of complete continence by deacons, presbyters and bishops after they had been ordained. Until the 4th century, there were no norms of law established by the Church on this issue, which resulted from the strict provisions of Roman law, which was aimed at celibates. The point was not to give an excuse to persecute Christians. Only the introduction of new rules of religious policy by Constantine the Great in the 4th century changed the situation. The Synod of Elvira introduced the oldest, established particular law concerning celibacy of continence. Successive synods ordered the clergy to exercise continence due to their service performed to God, and for failing to do so (exercise continence), they were punished by losing their church office. The synod forbade ordaining men who were married a second time, and the so-called spiritual marriages of the clergy with syneisacts. The First Council of Nicaea introduced a law for the whole Church. It not only ordered clergymen to live in a perfect continence, but it also forbade married clergymen from living with their lawful wife. Popes from the 4th and 5th centuries issued decretals ordering the clergy to maintain celibacy of continence, and they justified this by the worship of God. Also Roman state law sanctioned the celibacy of continence existing in the Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the protagonist's experience attending his sister Becca's Elvis Costello-themed wedding, navigating the unconventional dress code, and dealing with unexpected emotions during the event. Topics include the Elvis Costello theme, Rachel's struggle with the dress code, and the emotional challenges faced by the protagonist and his sister.

Using the 2011–2016 Japan Household Panel Survey, this study examines the intergenerational transmission of married women's employment in Japan. The study also analyzes two driving mechanisms. The findings suggest that the wife's labor supply is positively associated with the mother-in-law's former employment and the mother's former employment. The preference mechanism reveals the effect of the wife's employment on her husband's satisfaction differs between men raised by a working mother and those with an unemployed mother in the past. The endowment mechanism suggests that married man with working wife cooperates to do domestic tasks regardless of his mother's former employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text is a response to a critical appraisal of a paper on the Yagwoia people by Gillison. The author, Mimica, clarifies that his paper is focused on patricide and not collective rites of passage. He provides additional details to refute Gillison's claims about Yagwoia cosmogonic mythopoeia and paternal bone transmission. The text explores the initiation practices and social dynamics of the Yagwoia people, emphasizing the transition from bachelorhood to marriage and fatherhood. It also discusses the significance of shells and valuables as symbols of potency and the complex relationships between fathers, sons, and daughters in terms of inheritance and ownership. The author suggests a more nuanced understanding of Yagwoia culture for a constructive comparison. Additionally, the text discusses the similarities and differences between Gimi and Yagwoia cultures, highlighting the importance of understanding these cultures in relation to their neighbors and the broader region. It encourages readers to appreciate the diversity of cultural practices while recognizing commonalities. [Extracted from the article]

While a large number of studies assumed gendered socialisation leads to partner abuse, little evidence exists for India. We bridge this crucial gap by exploring the pathways between childhood socialisation and intimate partner violence, using data from 'Youth in India: Situation and Need Study (2006–2007)' for 5573 young married men (15–29 years). Nearly 17 per cent of men inflicted physical IPV in the past 12 months. Seventy-seven per cent recognized the experience of gender discrimination in their family and reported exposure to violence in two ways—one-third witnessed fathers abusing their mothers and 48 per cent were beaten by their parents. Adverse childhood experiences were associated with IPV perpetration. The structural equation model indicated significant pathways between IPV and childhood socialisation in the forms of experienced violence and gender discrimination. Findings underscore the importance of a violence-free, gender-neutral family environment for young generations and call for a comprehensive policy to ameliorate the impacts of IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Men in feminist spaces often find themselves the recipients of disproportionate gratitude and attention—along with other persistent effects of male privilege that I have elsewhere termed the Pedestal Effect—despite this running counter to both prevailing feminist ideologies and the desires of the men themselves. Sociologist Arlie Hochschild described a similar economy of gratitude wherein low expectations led to heightened valuation of married men's household contributions, smuggling inequities from the wider society into the marriage and inhibiting progressive change even if both parties desired a more egalitarian partnership. By applying Hochschild's framework to interview data from 52 men and 12 women active in the field, I show that the same process explains the troubling continuance of male privilege in feminist spaces: while interviewees of all genders problematize the imbalanced economy of gratitude and many have attempted specific counterstrategies, it nonetheless persists in importing inequalities, undermining men's accountability, and inhibiting desired progressive change. This suggests that the economy of gratitude may be a ubiquitous interactional process that reproduces inequalities across a wide range of social contexts. I emphasize that the economy of gratitude is in fact intersectional, not only gendered, and introduce the idea of a "low bar" to more fully account for the broad range of social influences on expectation‐setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the impact of the flooding of the Kosi river on the timing of marriage in the Indian state of Bihar, one of the world's poorest regions. Using a difference-in-differences design, we show that the Kosi floods reduced men's age at marriage by almost a year and women's age at marriage by over 4 months. The Kosi floods also decreased the secondary school completion rates of married men and women and married women's command over economic resources. We interpret these results within a framework of marriage markets, where in the absence of complete credit markets, marriage market payments (dowry) help smooth consumption in response to adverse income shocks. In support of this framework, we find that the impact of the Kosi floods is more pronounced among Hindus (for whom dowry is the traditional marriage payment norm) and among the landless (who are more credit-constrained). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of literature on cervical cancer (CC) and cervical cancer screening (CCS) focused on women all over the world. However, research has indicated that men's involvement in CCS can lead to improved health outcomes for women. Despite this, there is limited information available in the literature regarding men's attitudes toward CCS. This highlights the need for further study on the subject to increase understanding and improve outcomes. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the perceptions and attitudes toward partners' support for CCS among married men from the Adentan Municipality. An exploratory descriptive qualitative approach was used in the study to explore the perceptions of married men about male involvement in CCS. Thirty-four married men were purposively selected to be part of the interviews. A semistructured interview guide was used to collect data, which were recorded. The tape-recorded data were reproduced verbatim, and content analysis was carried out to generate the themes and subthemes. Three themes and nine subthemes were constructed from the data analysis. The study revealed that the perceptions of males about cervical cancer had a positive or a negative influence on women's behaviors toward CCS. It was interesting that some men constantly reminded their wives to participate in CCS. However, some barriers to men's support included fear of trauma to the wife's vagina during screening and concerns about exposure to the wife's nakedness. It was therefore recommended that healthcare facilities should roll out sustainable programs and policies to involve men in CC prevention. In addition, health workers should devise innovative ways to make male involvement in CCS more attractive to men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We decompose earnings risk into contributions from hours and wage shocks. To distinguish between hours shocks, modeled as innovations to the marginal disutility of work, and labor supply reactions to wage shocks, we formulate a life‐cycle model of consumption and labor supply. For estimation, we use data on married American men from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Permanent wage shocks explain 31 percent of total risk, permanent hours shocks 21 percent. Progressive taxation attenuates cross‐sectional earnings risk, but its life‐cycle insurance impact is much smaller. At the mean, a one‐standard‐deviation hours shock raises lifetime income by 11 percent, a wage shock by 13 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence and patterns of aphrodisiac drug consumption without prescription among men in Saudi Arabia remain underexplored, with limited empirical evidence available. Given the potential health implications and societal considerations, a comprehensive investigation is warranted. Aim: Assess the Prevalence, pattern of use and the associated factors of Aphrodisiac drugs consumption without prescription among men at Najran City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional descriptive study, 500 participants were included through convenience sampling. The utilized questionnaires covered a range of data, including socio-demographic information, patterns of aphrodisiac use, knowledge about aphrodisiacs, lifestyle details, a sexual health inventory for men, and a perceived stress level scale. Results: The study reveals a significant prevalence of unsanctioned aphrodisiac drug use (31%) among men in Najran City, Saudi Arabia, with a majority (79.3%) consuming these substances four times monthly. Associated disparities in knowledge, lifestyle, stress, and sexual function underscore the urgent need for policy interventions and tailored health education initiatives for this demographic. Conclusion: Approximately one-third of the sampled population engaged in the unsanctioned use of aphrodisiac drugs, with the majority utilizing them four times monthly. Tablets emerged as the most prevalent form of consumption. Commonly cited motives and justifications included peer influence and the perceived safety of aphrodisiacs. Influential factors encompassed levels of knowledge, lifestyle, stress levels, erectile function, age, education, and the number of wives. Recommendations: Urgent policy interventions are warranted to regulate the acquisition and distribution of aphrodisiacs. Tailored health education initiatives should be implemented for married and prospective married men.

Using 2009 to 2015 American Community Survey (ACS) data, this article estimates the effect of the prevalence of long hours and short hours of work in a husband's field of work, as defined by his undergraduate degree field, on the labor market outcomes of skilled married women. When individuals work in fields that require longer hours of work, their spouses experience spillover effects. The labor market outcomes of female spouses are more negatively affected than are those of male spouses. Specifically, female spouses face lower total earnings, hourly wages, employment options, and hours of work for married women with children relative to married men with children or married women without children. Little evidence supports the idea that the rate of short hours of work in a spouse's degree field differentially affects married women with children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Male sterilisation, i.e., Vasectomy is one of the safest and most effective contraceptive methods as it has very low complication and failure rates. According to the NFHS-5 data, the male sterilisation rates in India and Tamil Nadu are about 0.3% and 0.1% respectively. Though there is sufficient knowledge on the effectiveness of No-scalpel vasectomy, there is lack of acceptance of male sterilisation as a permanent method of contraception Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of No-scalpel Vasectomy among married men of Kundrathur, Chennai Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 116 married men between 22 to 60 years of age, attending the Upgraded Primary Health Centre, Kundrathur by consecutive sampling. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge and practice. Attitude was measured using 4-point Likerts scale. Data was analysed using SPSS software version 21 Results: Among the 112 participants who consented to participate in the study, 82 i.e., 73.2% of them were aware of vasectomy and the most common source of information was Mass media (51.2%). 74.2% agreed that contraception was not the sole responsibility of a wife, yet 48.2% of them disagreed that men should undergo vasectomy. The most perceived barrier for non-acceptance of vasectomy was Lack of awareness (33%), followed by Impotency following vasectomy (13.4%) and “Inability to do heavy work following vasectomy (12.5%). None of the participants (0%) underwent vasectomy, whereas 57.1% were willing to undergo, and 61.6% were willing to recommend the same to others. Conclusion: There seems to be a huge gap between the knowledge, attitude and practice of No-Scalpel Vasectomy among the study population. Thus, intense behavioural change communication should be advocated to increase the awareness and decrease the misconceptions regarding Vasectomy.

Background: Women's health and nutrition are key to their reproductive health and are important for optimising pregnancy outcomes. Formation of most foetal organs starts soon after conception and much before the woman has her first antenatal visit. The provision of biomedical, behavioural and social interventions to couples to address health, nutrition, behaviour issues and individual environmental risk factors that could contribute to improved maternal and child health outcomes before conception is crucial. Most rural women in India, do not seek pregnancy care before the second trimester because of socio-cultural factors. Therefore, intervening in the preconception period is important. The objective of the study was to explore the challenges and opportunities of implementing preconception care interventions. Methods: Individual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews (n = 25) were conducted with primary stakeholders (newly married women, newly married men, and family members) in Shorapur taluk of Yadgir district and Devadurga taluk of Raichur district. Thirty-one interviews were conducted with taluk, district, state officials and academicians. This descriptive qualitative study conducted four focus group discussions with front-line health workers. The in-depth interviews (IDIs) and Focus-group discussions (FGDs) used separate pre-tested semi-structured interview/discussion guides. Data analysis was carried out using NVivo software using a phenomenological approach with both inductive and deductive analysis. Results: A strong influence of social and cultural norms shapes healthcare-seeking behaviour at the community level. Poor dietary diversity, lack of awareness, poor literacy levels, work pressure for women, lack of decision-making power and empowerment among women, pressure to conceive early, and gender norms are the roadblocks to successful preconception care programs in the rural Karnataka setting. The stakeholders expressed the need for interventions during the preconception period. The government functionaries recommended several interventions which could be potentially integrated into the existing Reproductive Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH + A) strategy to improve the health and nutrition of women before they conceive. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for structured interventions during the preconception period to improve maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. The recommendations provided by government functionaries are indicative of the feasibility of integrating interventions in the RMNCH + A strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, men in sub-Saharan Africa make reproductive decisions that affect their partners. We examined the predictors of fertility desires among married men across three age cohorts: 20–35 years, 36–50 year, and 51–59 years. Using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey dataset, we conducted ANOVA and multivariate binary logistic regressions on 1431 monogamous married men aged 20–59 years. Two indicators of fertility desire are constructed: (i) the comparison of men's ideal versus women's ideal family size, and (ii) the desire for more children. The results indicate that the fertility desire of men is stronger than that of women. The predictors of fertility desire are age, parity, religion, contraceptive use, wealth quintile, couples' age difference and couples' difference in education. At ages 20–35 years, men using modern contraceptives were more likely to desire more children compared with those not using any modern contraceptives. However, at ages 36–50 years, men using modern contraceptives were less likely to desire more children. This finding suggests that men change their fertility desires in response to changes in their ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does motherhood diminish women's occupational authority and widen the gender gap among contemporary workers in the U.S.? The current study answers this question using data from the Occupational Information Network and 15 waves of panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (2002–2019). Fixed effects' regressions show that married and unmarried mothers are less likely than their childless peers to have occupational authority. The motherhood penalty is larger for women with two or more children than one child. Men fare differently, as fatherhood is associated with a small increase in married men's likelihood of working in occupations with authority. Fixed effects regressions with individual slopes show that this association for men is not causal. Instead, married men may have additional children in response to an increase in their occupational authority. All told, parenthood widens the gender gap in authority. This study builds on theories of gendered families and gendered organizations to argue that mothers are systematically underrepresented in occupations with high levels of authority. Because people with authority make hiring, promotion, pay, and policy decisions, the underrepresentation of mothers may perpetuate other forms of labor market inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to predict the tendency toward cosmetic treatments based on early maladaptive schemas and marital intimacy among married men applying for cosmetic surgery and non-applicants in the province of Yazd in 2020. The descriptive correlation method is used. The statistical population of this study was all married men who applied for cosmetic surgery and were referred to relevant clinics and non-applicant married men in Yazd. According to this, a sample of 200 people, including 100 applicants and 100 non-applicants were selected by available sampling. Then, the early maladaptive schemas scale (Yang, 1998) and Bagarozzi's marital intimacy questionnaire (2001) were distributed among the subjects and after completing the questionnaires, the results were analyzed through logistic and Pearson correlation calculation. There is a significant relationship between different domains of early maladaptive schemas and the intimacy of couples. Also, the findings showed that early maladaptive schemas and marital intimacy predict the tendency for cosmetic surgery in married men. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the three maladaptive schemas of autonomy and dysfunctional functioning, acceptance, cut and rejection, as well as the interference component in social performance of body image, respectively, had the highest share in predicting the tendency for cosmetic surgery, respectively. The schemas in a person's life act as lenses that shape the interpretation, selection, and evaluation of one's experiences. Considering the role of early maladaptive schemas and marital intimacy in predicting the tendency to cosmetic surgery in this study, it is suggested to provide psychological treatments, especially schema therapy and couple therapy, before cosmetic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Sterilization is a permanent birth control method, with more couples opting for female sterilization. However, vasectomy is a safe, costeffective, and simple alternative to tubal ligation. Despite its safety and effectiveness, vasectomy faces limited approval in developing countries like India due to gender biases, lack of access to facilities, and insufficient support. Efforts are needed to raise awareness and promote male sterilization, as its usage in India remains below 1 percent according to NFHS-5 data. Aims: The main aim of study is to assess knowledge and attitude regarding vasectomy among married men. Objectives: 1. Assess the knowledge and attitude regarding vasectomy among married men in selected rural area. 2. To correlate the knowledge and attitude regarding vasectomy among married men in rural area. 3. To associate the knowledge and attitude score with selected demographic variables men's. Methodology: A descriptive design was adopted for the study. The 100 married men were selected as a sample from Salun in Kheda District by the "Non-probability convenient sampling technique" was adopted in this study. The written setting permission was taken from the medical officer of PHC for data collection. The prior consent from was also signed by the married men for the study. The tool for this study was created in three sections: Section A gathered socio-demographic data, Section B contained structural knowledge questionnaires, and Section C included a Likert attitude scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Frequency and percentage distribution were used to assess knowledge and demographic variables, while mean and standard deviation were employed to describe knowledge, attitude, and utilization related to vasectomy. The study used the Karl Pearson correlation method to examine relationships, and the Chi-square test was employed to determine associations between mean differences. Result: The demographic characteristics revealed that majority of participants 61% of the married men belongs to the age group of 31-40 years, 92% of them were from the Hindu religion, 62% of them were belonged to the nuclear types of families. The Table also reveals that 48% of the participants have completed primary education. 30% of them had a monthly income between 5,000 to 10,000 rupees. 67% of participants had two living children. 66% of them reported having exposure to contraception. 47% of the participants any other group of occupation. 39% of majority of participants had been married for more than 11 years. It was also noted that the level of knowledge, the maximum attainable score was 20 and the participant's knowledge scores range from 2 to 15. The Mean knowledge score is calculated to be 9.32, the standard deviation of 2.18. Conclusion: The study concluded that after the intervention, there was an improvement in knowledge and attitude regarding vasectomy among married men in rural areas of Kheda district. Data were collected from 100 married men using knowledge questionnaires, a Likert scale, and a utilization checklist. The findings indicated that the majority of married men had inadequate knowledge (51%), while 48% had moderate knowledge, and only 1% had adequate knowledge. In terms of attitude, 1% had an unfavorable attitude, 42% had a moderate favorable attitude, and 57% had a favorable attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]