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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy during childhood. Mutations in dystrophin (DMD) gene are also recognized as a cause of cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine the association between intelligence level and mutation location in DMD genes in Serbian patients with DMD. Forty-one male patients with DMD, aged 3 to 16 years, were recruited at the Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth in Belgrade, Serbia. All patients had defined DMD gene deletions or duplications [multiplex ligation- dependent probe amplification (MLPA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] and cognitive status assessment (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Brunet-Lezine scale, Vineland-Doll scale). In 37 patients with an estimated full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), six (16.22%) had borderline intelligence (70

The future of modern optoelectronics and spintronic devices relies on our ability to control the spin and charge degrees of freedom at ultrafast timescales. Rashba spin-split quantum well states, 2D states that develop at the surface of strong spin-orbit coupling materials, are ideal given the tunability of their energy and spin states. So far, however, most studies have only demonstrated such control in a static way. In this study, we demonstrate control of the spin and energy degrees of freedom of surface quantum well states on Bi2Se3 at picosecond timescales. By means of a focused laser pulse, we modulate the band-bending, producing picosecond time-varying electric fields at the material’s surface, thereby reversibly modulating the quantum well spectrum and Rashba effect. Moreover, we uncover a dynamic quasi-Fermi level, dependent on the Lifshitz transition of the second quantum well band bottom. These results open a pathway for light-driven spintronic devices with ultrafast switching of electronic phases, and offer the interesting prospect to extend this ultrafast photo-gating technique to a broader host of 2D materials.

Kondo insulators have recently aroused great interest because they are promising materials that host a topological insulator state caused by the strong electron interactions. Moreover, recent observations of the quantum oscillations in the insulating state of Kondo insulators have come as a great surprise. Here, to investigate the surface electronic state of a prototype Kondo insulator YbB12, we measured the transport properties of single crystals and microstructures. In all samples, the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity is insulating at high temperatures and the resistivity exhibits a plateau at low temperatures. The magnitude of the plateau value decreases with reducing sample thickness, which is quantitatively consistent with the surface electronic conduction in the bulk insulating YbB12. Moreover, the magnetoresistance of the microstructures exhibits a weak-antilocalization effect at low field. These results are consistent with the presence of a topologically protected surface state, suggesting that YbB12 is a candidate material for a topological Kondo insulator. The high field resistivity measurements up to µ0H = 50 T of the microstructures provide supporting evidence that the quantum oscillations of the resistivity in YbB12 occurs in the insulating bulk.

We explore field and temperature scaling of magnetoresistance in underdoped (x=0, x=0.19) and optimally doped (x=0.31) samples of the high-temperature superconductor BaFe2(As1-xPx)2. In all cases, the magnetoresistance is H linear at high fields. We demonstrate that the data can be explained by an orbital model in the presence of strongly anisotropic quasiparticle spectra and scattering time due to antiferromagnetism. In optimally doped samples, the magnetoresistance is controlled by the properties of small regions of the Fermi surface called "hot spots,"where antiferromagnetic excitations induce a large quasiparticle scattering rate. The anisotropic scattering rate results in hyperbolic H/T magnetoresistance scaling, which competes with the more conventional Kohler scaling. We argue that these results constitute a coherent picture of magnetotransport in BaFe2(As1-xPx)2, which links the origin of H-linear resistivity to antiferromagnetic hot spots. Implications for the T-linear resistivity at zero field are discussed.

Background: Among many genes which have been analyzed to understand obesity and related metabolic traits among children and adolescents, not many studies are conducted on LGALS3 gene, especially in population of children. A positive correlation of circulating galectin 3 serum levels with impaired blood glucose, high blood pressure and higher values of serum lipids and was found in general population. The aim was to investigate possible association of rs4644 with body mass index, glycaemia, and lipid profile in Serbian adolescents. Methods: The study included 72 boys and 79 girls, 14-15 years of age. Among boys 51 (67.1%) had normal values of BMI, 11 (14.5%) were overweight, and 14 (18.4%) were obese. Among girls, 53 (63.9%) had normal BMI, 16 (19.3%) were overweight, and 14 (16.9%) were obese. Diabetes type 1 or 2, genetic syndromes, generalized inflammation, cardiovascular and malignant diseases were criteria for exclusion. Genotyping was performed by Real time PCR. Results: Girls carriers of CC genotype had statistically higher mean values of BMI, and triglycerides in comparison to the girls carriers of CA+AA genotypes, p=0.041, and p=0.045, respectively. The higher frequency of obese was found among group of girls who were carriers of CC genotype, p=0.049. No statistically significant association was observed among other analyzed parameters in neither examined groups. Results: Our research indicates that there is an association between the CC genotype of rs4644 polymorphism with obesity and higher triglycerides level in the group of female adolescents.

ndoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a therapeutic technique developed for the resectioning of sessile and flat lesions localized in the mucosa of any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is easy to learn and allows the resection of large polyps that would otherwise require radical surgery. For early detection of neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract, the screening program for colorectal cancer proved to be the most important, and its wide acceptance led to a decrease in the incidence and mortality rate. This article reviews EMR techniques and focuses on large colorectal polyps, representing the most common indication for EMR. Before starting resection, the endoscopist should carefully and thoroughly examine the lesion and differentiate between resectable lesions and those potentially affected by the submucosal invasion. There are different methods of evaluating polyps; more recently advanced techniques are also used. The characteristics of colorectal lesions, including location, size, morphology, and histology, influence the choice of the optimal method of removal. The EMR removes part of the wall of the colorectum that contains the mucosa, the muscularis mucosa and partially or completely, the submucosal layer. In addition to removing benign adenomas of varying degrees of atypia, mucosectomy enables the treatment of early colorectal cancer where the risk of metastasis to the lymph glands is minimal. The primary goal of EMR is the complete and safe removal of colorectal lesions and the complete prevention of CRC. Techniques for performing EMR include conventional EMR with submucosal solution injection, hot loop, and electrocautery removal of colorectal lesions, as well as alternative EMR techniques such as cold loop EMR and "underwater" EMR. Major adverse events associated with EMR include bleeding and perforation after mucosectomy. Because of the risk of polyp recurrence regardless of the EMR technique, as well as the risk of metachronous polyps, control colonoscopies are necessary, especially in patients with the highest risk of recurrence.

Kondo insulators have recently aroused great interest because they are promising materials that host a topological insulator state caused by the strong electron interactions. Moreover, recent observations of the quantum oscillations in the insulating state of Kondo insulators have come as a great surprise. Here, to investigate the surface electronic state of a prototype Kondo insulator YbB12, we measured the transport properties of single crystals and microstructures. In all samples, the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity is insulating at high temperatures and the resistivity exhibits a plateau at low temperatures. The magnitude of the plateau value decreases with reducing sample thickness, which is quantitatively consistent with the surface electronic conduction in the bulk insulating YbB12. Moreover, the magnetoresistance of the microstructures exhibits a weak-antilocalization effect at low field. These results are consistent with the presence of a topologically protected surface state, suggesting that YbB12 is a candidate material for a topological Kondo insulator. The high field resistivity measurements up to µ0H = 50 T of the microstructures provide supporting evidence that the quantum oscillations of the resistivity in YbB12 occurs in the insulating bulk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene expression at the phenotypic level varies due to a number of influences from the environment in which the animals are reared. Ignoring this reality or due to insufficient knowledge, farmers are often disappointed when choosing a population of sheep when they do not get the production results that the breed achieves where they bought it. The investigation of the reproductive and production characteristics of parent herds of Sjenica sheep was conducted on four farms. In the research, it included a total of 921 lambs and 474 sheep. The influence of sheep body weight on the weight of lambs at birth within a farm was analyzed. Based on the research conducted on the sheep population and after the obtained and processed data, we can state the following: certain differences were found in the fertility of sheep depending on the farm and body weight. We also perceived that certain differences in the body weight of the lambs are evident depending on the weight group of the sheep and the farm where the sheep were raised. All of the above leads us to the general conclusion that management is extremely important in sheep farming. If the selection of the breeding population is carried out correctly and adequate measures of keeping, nutrition and reproduction are applied, success is guaranteed.

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was registered in December 2019 in China. In February 2020, the World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The first pediatric patient in Serbia with COVID-19 was registered on March 23, 2020, in the 13th week since the start of the pandemic. This disease, three years after the appearance of the first cases, continues to be a global public health challenge. Children get sick with COVID-19 less often than adults. They are mostly infected by droplets in the household from family members, and they have a milder clinical picture and a better prognosis of the disease. The most common symptoms and signs of COVID-19 in children are fever, cough, tachycardia and malaise. In the first waves of the pandemic, about a quarter to a third of the patients had pneumonia. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the treatment of sick children was one of the main problems during the pandemic. Considering that the COVID-19 infection was a threat of global proportions, in addition to the impact on health condition, the deterioration of the quality of life of children was also registered.

The work focuses on the period of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The research observes the prism of the emergence of the Serbian state and carefully considers the development of science. The emergence of modern science in Serbia can be observed and followed in fragments from the Middle Ages to the modern era. The period from the 15th to the 18th century, however, marked almost complete stagnation in all fields, including science. The Turkish occupation interrupted the development of the intellectual thought of the Middle Ages and thus separated the Serbian people from the continuity of thought ideals. The beginning of modern scientific development is chronologically connected to the uprisings of 1804 and 1815. The events that triggered the turmoil in the 18th century were the basis for the development of science and its highest level through the early 19th century. Precisely for this reason, observing the development of science in the chronological period of the late 18th and early 19th centuries reveals the foundations of modern education in our country. In order to understand and perceive the context, the paper also refers to earlier periods of Serbian statehood and science. The paper concludes that the development of statehood in Serbia was closely related to the development of science and that the key participants in those processes understood the importance of the qualifications of state administrators and the very creation of a nation. Competence, in that sense, was understood as the scientific progress of an individual and consequently of the community.

Background/Aim: Warfarin is one of the most common orally prescribed anticoagulant in patients with deep venous thrombosis, myocardial or cerebral infarctions. The main side effects of non-adequate dose of these drugs are prolonged peripheral or internal bleeding. VKORC1 1173C>T polymorphism (rs9934438) is of particular importance, since carriers of non-wild type allele correlates with the lower dosage of warfarin therapy. Thus, the aim of the research was to determine the distribution of 1173C>T polymorphism in population of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina (RS) and to compare results with frequencies in other populations. Methods: A total of 124 healthy participants of both genders were enrolled in the study, from all parts of the RS. Molecular genotyping was performed by real-time PCR, using drug metabolism assays according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results: Of the total number, 22 subjects (17.74 %) were genotyped as CC, 69 subjects (55.65 %) as CT and 33 subjects (26.61 %) as TT. The frequencies of alleles C and T were 45.18 % and 54.82 %, respectively. No statistical significance was found among allele distribution between genders (ch² = 0.236; p = 0.627). All observed genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No statistical significance was observed among the frequency of minor T allele between presented findings and other European countries, besides Russia (p = 0.021). Conclusion: This was the first study analysing the distribution of rs9934438 alleles in population of the RS. These findings will be helpful in better and more precise drug prescribing in patients who require anticoagulant therapy.

Background/Aim. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) and Becker MD are caused by mutations in the gene for dystrophin (DMD). They are X chromosome-linked recessive diseases where males are affected, and females are healthy carriers of the mutation in most cases. It is estimated that 2/3 of mothers of Duchenne MD probands are carriers, while 1/3 of probands have de novo mutations. The aim of the study was to confirm the carrier status of female members of the families of Duchenne MD/Becker MD probands using direct genetic testing methods. Methods. The study included 38 females from 31 families of Duchenne MD/Becker MD probands with deletion/duplication in the DMD gene. Moreover, 4 cases of prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne MD/Becker MD were included. The methods of polymerase chain reaction - PCR and the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification - MLPA were applied for detecting deletions, i.e., deletion/duplication mutations in the DMD gene. Results. In the total of 31 Duchenne MD/Becker MD probands, 87.1% of deletions and 12.9% of duplications of one or more exons in the DMD gene were detected. Of the 29 tested mothers, mutations were found in 17 of them (14 deletions and 3 duplications). Mutations were detected in 11 (57.9%) out of 19 mothers of probands with the Duchenne MD phenotype and 6 (60%) out of 10 mothers of Becker MD probands. Furthermore, 14 (56%) out of 25 mothers were carriers in probands with deletions, and 3 (75%) out of 4 mothers were carriers in probands with duplications. In the remaining 9 other female relatives of the patients, mutations were found in 4. In prenatal diagnosis, we identified a deletion in one male and one female fetus of one single mother who was confirmed as a carrier. Conclusion. The study showed that mothers were carriers in almost 60% of sporadic cases of Duchenne MD/Becker MD with deletions and duplications. In addition, the carrier frequency tended to be higher in mothers of the probands with duplications (75%) compared to mothers of probands with deletions (56%).

Background: Previous studies exploring the impact of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children focused on factors associated with parental quality of life at one point in time. Objective: To examine factors associated with change of quality of life among parents of children affected with AD. Methods: The study cohort comprised 98 parent–children pairs treated for AD at the Clinic of Dermatovenereology; however, 18 parents (18.4%) were lost to follow‐up after 1 year. Children were assessed with SCORing Atopic Dermatitis Index (SCORAD) and Children Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) or the Infants' Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (IDQOL), depending on their age. Parents filled in socio‐demographic questionnaire and Dermatitis Family Impact Questionnaire (DFI). After 1 year, both children and parents were reassessed using the same AD‐related battery of questionnaires. Results: After follow‐up, a significant improvement in the average total DFI score was observed, especially for domains of fatigue/exhaustion, emotional distress and impact of helping in child treatment. Lower baseline SCORAD, greater improvement of SCORAD over follow‐up, better CDLQI/IDQOL at baseline, greater improvement in CDLQI/IDQOL over follow‐up, not having asthma and having older child with AD were associated with better parental quality of life after 1 year of follow‐up. Parental higher education level, shorter AD duration, better baseline SCORAD and greater improvement in CDLQI/IDQOL over follow‐up were associated with greater improvement in parental life quality over 1 year of follow‐up. Conclusion: Contributors to parental quality of life after 1 year included clinical features of AD and child's comorbidity (asthma), but also the perception of child's quality of life and its improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare occupational burnout in two groups of teachers from the district of Bijeljina (Bosnia and Herzegovina) measured with the Serbian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory survey for workers in human services (MBI-HSS) at the beginning (group 1) and the end of the school year 2018/2019 (group 2) to see if there are seasonal differences. The questionnaire also included standard sociodemographic data and job description (primary and/or secondary school position, length of service, and overtime work). The prevalence of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation was low in both groups. However, emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation scores significantly shifted to higher values between the beginning and the end of the school year. We also found a statistically significant association between emotional exhaustion and overtime and between depersonalisation and work in a secondary school (p

Lipska sheep is an autochthonous Serbian population from the group of Pramenka (Zapfel) sheep, bred in the area around Smederevo, Požarevac and Mladenovac. The average weight of male animals (BW) is 95 kg and 62 kg of female animals. Other measurements of female animals are: wither height (WH) 74 cm, body length (BL) 78 cm, chest width (CW) 23 cm, chest depth (CD) 40 cm and hearth girth (HG) 91 cm. In the last sixty years, adult female animals gained in average ten kilograms of weight. Other linear measures also increased. The increase is a consequence of better animal management, especially improved diet. Since the reduction of the size of the population, larger animals have dominated, which probably caused the change in the genetic constitution of the breed. Female animals of Lipska sheep are higher compared to the animals of other fifteen Pramenka breeds with the exception of Istrian sheep. The area from which Lipska sheep originates has better soil and richer vegetation compared to the areas of other Pramenka breeds. Partial correlations corrected for weight between individual linear measures were positive, with values between 0.196 and 0.814. Most correlations range between 0.30 and 0.55. Body measurements were studied with ANOVA on females only. The effect of flock influenced all linear measures with the exception of CW, whereas the age of animals had no effect on BL, CW and CD. The increase of individual linear measures was 0.5 to 2.1 mm per kg of BW. The increase of most body measurements from the first to the fifth year was statistically significant (P

The research included a total of 921 lambs, 474 ewes and 8 sjenicke sheep rams from 4 different farms. The aim of the research was to examine the influence of the farm, cultivation technology and the influence of rams within the farm on production indicators. Statistical analysis showed that the body weight of lambs at birth ranged from 3.37 to 4.03 kg (average 3.68 kg), at 30 days from 11.51 to 12.41 kg (average 12.07 kg) and from 90 days from 27.82 to 29 kg (average 28.65 kg). A statistically highly significant influence of the farm was determined (P

The current study aimed to examine the percentage changes of viability sperm and the activity of the enzymes LDH, ALP, GOT / AST, GPT / ALT in the sperm plasma of Lacaune rams, before and after cryopreservation. For this purpose, five rams were examined, and two ejaculates were obtained from each ram. Ejaculates are collected by the method of artificial vagina, during the insemination campaign. All ejaculates were diluted with a 6AG extender and frozen by the Cassou's sequin method. Sperm viability was determined by eosin and nigrosine smears, and enzyme activity was examined spectrophotometrically. As a result, the percentage of vital sperm after cryopreservation decreased by 15% (P ≤ 0.001). The freezing and thawing process also reduced the activity of the enzymes LDH, ALP, GOT / AST and GPT / ALP. In conclusion, the observed enzymes, in relation to sperm vitality, could be used as indicators to optimize the protocols for cryopreservation of ram's sperm.

The enzymes of the cytochrome P450 superfamily play a critical role in phase I drug metabolism. Among them, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 are clinically important, as they can mediate severe toxicity, therapy failure, and increased susceptibility to cancer and other diseases caused by chemicals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pharmacologically most important allelic variants of the CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genes in the general population of the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and to compare them with other populations. For this purpose we determined the genotype profile and allele frequency of 216 randomly selected healthy volunteers using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The prevalence of the CYP2C9 *2 and *3 alleles was 13.6 and 7.4 %, respectively. Based on these frequencies, of the 216 participants four (1.86 %) were predicted to be poor metabolisers, 78 (36.11 %) intermediate, and the remaining 134 (62.03 %) normal metabolisers. Based on the prevalence of CYP2C19 *2 and *17 variants – 16.2 and 20.4 %, respectively – nine (4.17 %) were predicted to be poor, 57 (26.39 %) rapid, and nine (4.17 %) ultra-rapid metabolisers. We found no significant differences in allele frequencies in our population and populations from other European countries. These findings suggest that genetically determined phenotypes of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 should be taken into consideration to minimise individual risk and improve benefits of drug therapy in the Republic of Srpska.

The Simmental breed of cattle is mostly reared in the central part of the Republic of Serbia, where it makes up about 80% of all breeds. In areas of more intensive cattle production, populations of cattle with pronounced milk yield are reared. In more extensive, as well as hilly and mountainous areas, somewhat less productive animals are raised. The main goal of this study was to examine the variability of genetic correlations of milk and fertility traits on the farms of individual agricultural producers using modern methods, depending on the breeding area, i.e. the region in which they are bred and reared. This study included 2589 controlled Simmental heifers, with lactations concluded during one year. All first calving heifers were housed and reared on agricultural family farms in the area of Central Serbia. The paper examines genetic correlations between the following traits of milk yield and fertility: duration of lactation, milk yield in standard lactation, milk fat content in standard lactation, milk fat yield in standard lactation, yield of 4% FCM in standard lactation, age at first calving, duration of service period. The results of the study of genetic correlations were obtained using mixed LSMLMW models (Harvey 1990). The examined genetic correlations of milk yield and fertility traits in Simmental cows showed pronounced variability depending on the breeding area where the cows are reared.

Introduction: Burnout syndrome occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to emotional and interpersonal stressors in the workplace and is characterised by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal achievements. Research and prevention of this phenomenon are of public health importance due to numerous consequences it leaves on the health of the working population and work organisation, and among teachers, on children as direct users of their services. The research aims to examine the presence of the stress and burnout syndrome at work in teachers in the regions of the Republic of Srpska, as well as to determine the existence of differences between regions. Methods: The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study in the period August-September 2018, in the territory of the Republic of Srpska. The target population was represented by teachers of primary and secondary schools. The response rate in all regions was 75 % or above it. For this research, a special questionnaire was constructed, consisting of sociodemographic data, data on economic characteristics of the respondents, characteristics of the work environment, as well as data on satisfaction with equipment and resources at work, support from family and friends and presence of work-life conflict. In addition to the general questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Study (MBI-HSS) questionnaire for the assessment of the burnout syndrome at work, and Karasek's questionnaire (Job Content Questionnaire) for the assessment of stress at work were used. Results: A statistically significant difference in the prevalence of occupational stress among teachers between RS regions was found. Also, a statistically significant difference was found between the regions of the Republic of Srpska related to the dimensions of burnout syndrome at work. A high level of emotional exhaustion was more often reported by teachers from the territory of the region of East Sarajevo and Prijedor (8.0 % and 7.7 %) comparing to teachers from other regions. Teachers from the territory of Prijedor more often showed moderate and high levels of depersonalization, as well as a low level of personal achievements comparing to teachers from other regions. Conclusion: This research shows the presence of burnout syndrome in teachers of all the Republic of Srpska regions at the beginning of the school year, as well as statistically significant differences between the regions. This indicates the need for additional research on risk factors by regions to form targeted and thus more effective prevention measures.

Background/Aim: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) belongs to a family of nuclear hormone receptors and ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARG gene is expressed in many tissues including adipose tissue where it plays a crucial role in differentiation of adipocyte, insulin resistance, blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism. The aim of the study was to examine the association of rs3856806 polymorphism with the body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose levels and lipid parameters in Serbian adolescents. Methods: This research included 287 adolescents of both genders (143 boys and 144 girls), 14-15 years of age. Genotype detection was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. Results: Results showed statistically significant difference in terms of fasting glucose levels among girls (p = 0.013) depending on their genotype. Female carriers of CC genotype had significantly higher level of fasting glucose levels. Also, results showed that in the group of overweight and obese girls, carriers of CT or TT genotype had statistically significant lower values of HDL cholesterol compared to girls - carriers of CC genotype (p = 0.000). However, this result was not confirmed by multiple regression analysis. Statistically significant association of rs3856806 polymorphism was not observed with BMI nor with other lipid parameters. Conclusion: This polymorphism is associated with fasting glucose level and HDL cholesterol among girls. To draw definite conclusions, further research should be conducted including non-genetic factors and other polymorphisms among this gene.

Introduction/Objective. We aimed to investigate the lifetime and periodic prevalence (during a year) and characteristics of violence against women and health status of women whose partners have been treated for alcohol dependence. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among women whose male partners were alcoholdependent and admitted to hospital for the inpatient treatment. Exposure to physical and sexual violence was measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2). Mental health status was measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), suicidal risk (using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview or MINI scale), and alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods. We also constructed two logistic regression models to study associations between violence and socioeconomic status, and violence and health-related variables. Results. The lifetime prevalence of physical violence committed by alcohol-dependent partners against women was 65.4%, while the periodic prevalence (during 12 months prior to the study) was 46.2% for physical, 20.2% for sexual, and 18% for both types of violence. No women were in risk of harmful alcohol consumption. Violence was more frequent against women not living in urban areas [odds ratio (OR) 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–5.94, in the univariate model], and among women with moderate/ severe depression (OR 12.34, 95% CI 2.26–67.33, in the multivariate model). Conclusion. Alcohol-dependent men are very often violent toward their spouses, and inpatient treatment presents an opportunity to work with them on raising awareness on the unacceptability of violence against women.

The strategy of conservation of endangered sheep populations implies morphological and genetic characterization, as basic preconditions for their conservation. The aim of this study was to determine the morphometric characteristics, their correlations and the index of physical development of Pirot pramenka, which has the status of the most endangered population in Serbia. The measuring was performed on 30 sheep, aged 3 years, reared in the area of Stara Planina. The descriptive statistical procedure was performed using the statistical package Statistica (version 8). The average height at the withers was 56.31 cm, body length 62.93 cm, chest width 18.37 cm, chest depth 25.96 cm, chest circumference 77.59 cm, shin circumference 6.70 cm. The strongest and significantly positive correlation (P

DNA analysis can have great practical application in the management and successful operation of the farm. The application of DNA technology is becoming a tremendous challenge for farm breeding of domestic animals. In recent years, traditional selection methods have been supplement by the results of molecular analysis of the genome. Determining the genetic distance of sheep and goat breeds had practical and multiple significance. Microsatellites are used widely in the selection, and genomic selection is becoming an increasing challenge for breeders. The development of SNP chips brings an immense advanced for rapid and comprehensive analysis of the genome, which is of great importance for the successful selection and Genomic selection in sheep concentrated on all aspects of genetic and production directions. However, it should be noted that genomic selections in sheep breeding, and especially in goat breeding, take place at a slower pace compared to cattle breeding.

In the process of adopting the Vidovdan Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1921), one of the topical issues was the form of supervision that the state government would exercise over the local self-government. In this article, the author first elaborates on the development of this constitutional document, with specific reference to the constitutional drafts proposed by the governments of Milenko Vesnić and Nikola Pašić, the amendments introduced by the Constitutional Committee, and the adoption of the constitution in the Constituent Assembly on 28 June 1921 (St. Vitus Day). The Vodovdan Constitution was the legal ground for adopting two important legislative acts in April 1922: the Law on General Administration and the Law on Regional and District Self-Governmnent. The author analyzes the constitutional and statutory provisions that regulated the legal position of state authorities in the administrative districts, counties and local self-government bodies, as well as their mutual relations. State supervision over the local self-government activities, primarily at the regional (district) level, has been observed in the context of state supervision over the administrative acts/ documents and local administrative bodies. In particular, the author focuses on the supervision over regional finances, considering not only the importance of these funds for the functioning of the regional self-government but also the restrictions which the regional government was exposed to. The aim of the research is to point out to the legal relations between the central (state) administration and local self-government in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which were initially envisaged in the Vidovdan Constitution and subsequently instituted by the the 1922 Law on Regional and District Self-Government.

Study aim: To asses and compare the aerobic capacity and respiratory parameters in recreational basketball-engaged university students with age-matched untrained young adults.

Considering the fact that sheep production has an important role in agriculture of Serbia, lamb performance is essential. Objective of the study was to investigate effect of year, lambing season, sex and birth type on growth performances in lambs of MIS breed. Animal data (birth date, birth type, sex, birth weight -BW0, body weight after 30 days - BW30 and body weight after 60 days - BW60) are gained from control of productive parameters maintained from 2011 to 2020. Research was conducted on the sample of 1592 lambs. Average daily gain from birth to 30 days (ADG1), from 30 to 60 days (ADG2), and from birth until 60 days (ADG3), were calculated and included in analysis. Calendar year was divided in four seasons, each season consists from 3 months: winter, spring, summer and autumn. Average body weights (± standard deviation) at birth, after 30 and 60 days were 4.41 kg (± 0.99), 14.11 kg (± 2.80), 24.05 kg (± 3.86), respectively. Average daily gains were 319.87 g (± 74.97), 329.84 g (± 70.90) and 324.99 g (± 55.48) for ADG1, ADG2 and ADG3, respectively. Lambing type and sex of the lambs affected all of the observed traits very significantly (p < 0.01). Lambing year had very significant effect (p < 0.01) on BW30, on ADG1 and ADG2, while lambing season significantly (p < 0.05) affected BW60, ADG2 and ADG3.Based on the results it can be concluded that birth type and sex had strongest effects in early productive parameters of lambs.