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The free convective flow of a Co-ferroparticle suspended nanofluid in a tilted square enclosure with various thermal boundaries including heat generating body is numerically investigated. A heat generating solid body is placed at the centre of the enclosure to study the effective rate of heat transfer. The comprehensive analysis of the results suggests that the angle of inclination and addition of ferro particle have a considerable influence on the flow and heat transfer behaviour. The results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherms and average Nusselt number for the effect of inclination angle (0° ≤ Φ ≤ 90°), Rayleigh number (104 ≤ Ra ≤ 106) and solid volume fraction (Φ = 0.02, 0.1 and 0.2). Based on this investigation. It can be found that augmentation in Rayleigh number increases the strength of the circular eddy due to induced buoyancy forces. Increase in size of the solid body suppresses the heat transfer effect. Also the temperature gradient show moderate nature until 45° angle of inclination and show the declination after 45°.

Chitosan, a cationic polymer, is loaded on Ni-doped copper monosulfide (CuS) NPs with optimal Ni doping concentration, and electrochemical, third-order nonlinear, magnetic and antibacterial characteristics of chitosan unloaded and loaded CuS:Ni nanoparticles are compared. The crystallite size of pure CuS increased with Ni doping and the 10[Formula: see text]wt.% Ni-doped CuS NPs exhibit a maximum crystallite size of 41[Formula: see text]nm. The presence of Ni in the doped samples was acknowledged by the existence of Ni 2p[Formula: see text] and Ni 2p[Formula: see text] peaks at binding energies 851[Formula: see text]eV and 873.1[Formula: see text]eV, respectively from the XPS spectrum. Optical reflectance decreased with Ni doping and the optical band gap varied from 2.56[Formula: see text]eV to 2.4[Formula: see text]eV. Specific capacitance increased with Ni doping. Diamagnetic nature of CuS changed to ferromagnetic with Ni doping. The 10[Formula: see text]wt.% Ni-doped CuS exhibits a high third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient and susceptibility value. Bacterial growth inhibition nature of CuS improved with Ni doping. Among the doped samples, the 10[Formula: see text]wt.% Ni-doped sample exhibits improved electrochemical, third-order nonlinear, magnetic and antibacterial properties. Keeping this as the optimized Ni concentration, chitosan was loaded. Chitosan-loaded samples exhibited a reduction in crystallite size and an increase in band gap. A high specific capacitance of 96[Formula: see text]F/g was realized for the chitosan-loaded sample. Saturation magnetization of 10[Formula: see text]wt.% CuS:Ni decreased with chitosan loading.

To assess the effectiveness of visual distraction with and without virtual reality glasses in reducing dental anxiety among children with hearing and speech disabilities undergoing dental treatment.Twenty-four children with hearing and speech disabilities aged 6-12 years were selected and were randomly divided into three groups (N = 8). Children in group A received no distraction, group B received visual distraction using virtual reality (VR) glasses and group C received visual distraction without VR glasses during dental treatment. The anxiety levels were measured using PJS- Pictorial Scale and physiological parameters - before, during, and after a dental procedure. Then intragroup and intergroup comparison was done.Intragroup comparison showed that "During" and "Post" treatment anxiety scores were significantly (Visual distraction using VR glasses can be recommended as an effective distraction technique in reducing dental anxiety among children with speech and hearing disabilities.Kaur J, Shivashankarappa PG, A S

In this paper we have introduced Bipolar Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Point, Bipolar Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Neighbourhood,Bipolar Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Interior and Bipolar Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Closurein Bipolar Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy topological space and have verifiedsome of its properties.

This article deals with an increasing total profit for inventory optimal ordered quantity and partial backlogging with the holding cost depending on the storage time period, and the rate of market ...

In the present study, sulphated polysaccharide Ulvan from Ulva lactuca was used for the synthesis of biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) conjugate and Mouth rinse was prepared using this conjugate. The synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–Visible spectrophotometry and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). TEM showed that the average size of the nanoparticle was 85 nm and spherical in shape. Furthermore, nanoparticle conjugates were evaluated for cell viability using MTT assay 3T3-L1 cell line and at 30 µl/ml showed 34% cell viability. The antimicrobial activity of SeNPs mouth rinse was tested against oral pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus, and Candida albicans and it was effective against all tested microorganism at the concentration of 100 µl/ml. The present study has shown that Ulvan from algal biomass can be a safe and effective source for the development of oral nano-antimicrobial agents.

Cadmium oxide (CdO) is a promising transparent conducting oxide semiconductor whose optoelectronic and magnetic properties could be improved through doping. The role of synergetic effect between two metal dopants for enhanced optoelectronic and magnetic properties of CdO is not adequately studied. The mono-doping (Zn) and co-doping (Zn, Ni) effects on the optoelectronic and magnetic properties of CdO have been reported in this paper. Undoped, Zn-doped, and (Zn + Ni) co-doped CdO thin films have been deposited by spray technique using perfume atomizer. Crystallite size of pure CdO decreased from 35 to 29 nm with Zn doping and to 22 nm with (Zn + Ni) co-doping. Lattice parameter value of pure CdO decreased from 4.676 A to 4.669 A with Zn doping and with Ni co-doping it got reduced to 4.664 A. Surface morphology improves with Zn and (Zn + Ni) co-doping. Better optical transparency and widened band gap values were realized for the Zn and (Zn + Ni) co-doped films. Oxygen-related peaks were observed in the PL spectra of all the films. Increased Haacke’s quality factor was observed for the (Zn + Ni) co-doped CdO thin films. Paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition has been realized for the co-doped films. The results obtained infer that the (Zn + Ni) co-doped CdO thin films are well suited for optoelectronic and spintronic device applications.

We report on Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopic studies on oxygen vacancy induced structural disorder in Gd2Ti2O7-d single crystals grown by optical floating zone technique under argon atmosphere. The oxygen vacancies in Gd2Ti2O7-d wafers decrease with thermal annealing in an air atmosphere. The full width at half maximum of X-ray diffraction rocking curve decreases from 245 to 157 arc-second and the optical transmittance increases from 23 to 87 % (at 1000 nm) upon post growth thermal annealing. Raman spectroscopic studies reveal a monotonic increase in intensity of O-Gd-O (Eg) and Ti-O (A1g) stretching modes with thermal annealing. Since these modes are associated with modulation of oxygen x parameter which is sensitive to Ti-O octahedron distortion, the increase in Raman intensity indicates an improvement in structural ordering of oxygen sub-lattice in Gd2Ti2O7-d. Moreover, the photoluminescence studies also corroborate the Raman analysis in terms of reduction of structural defects associated with oxygen vacancies as a function of thermal annealing. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using Raman spectroscopy to probe the structural disorder in Gd2Ti2O7-d crystals., 16 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore dental student’s attitudes toward leadership development and their perceptions of the importance of leadership skills for dentists. Materials and Methods: A 33-item questionnaire with a combination of both closed- and open-ended items (31 closed-ended items and 2 open-ended items) was administered to 862 students from three dental institutes in South India. Results: Majority of students agreed that it is important for dentists to have leadership skills and they can be learned. Most reported that they expect to assume a leadership role in their dental practice (50.9%). Over one- third (35.4%) anticipate participating in leadership roles in dental associations, 27.4% in academic dentistry, and 17.1% in military dentistry. Approximately two-thirds of respondents strongly agreed (39.4%) or agreed (27.1%) that they would be interested in participating in a leadership development program if offered at their school. Most of the students (92.3%) had not participated in any leadership program. Conclusion: Majority of the students had a positive attitude toward the development of leadership among dentists and were ready to take a leadership role in the future. This study implies the need for leadership development program to improve the leadership skills of dental health workforce.

Contrary to one of the major problems in computer tomography image analysis, Image enhancement can be used to improve the clarity and quality of the picture or to provide better conversion presentation for further processing. Contrast growth of one of the acceptable methods for image enhancement in various applications in the medical field is increased. It will help to show and remove brain myocardial infarction, cancer and cancer related details from CT images. In contrast to CT images, a comparison learning of five contrasting techniques has been presented in this paper. Types of technology include electric law conversion, logarithmic change, histogram equations, contrast pulling and lap less changes, all of these techniques are compared to each other, so that it can be achieved that a better CT image is in contrast. To compare technical parameters, peak signals are used for noise ratio (PSNR) and mean class error. Logarithmic result provides an image with clear and Sushisen algorithms better quality than all other techniques and has the highest PSNR value. Comparative findings are a better way for future studies, especially for unusual images of CT images due to brain damage.

Context: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is the most virulent form of caries, which requires early intervention. Pediatricians are health professionals who first examine the child, and must be able to educate parents about basic preventive dental care, early diagnosis of pathological changes in the oral cavity and appropriate referrals for the children. Aims: To assess the awareness, attitude, and practice among pediatricians regarding ECC and Infant Oral Healthcare (IOHC) in Puducherry. Settings and Design: Setting: Study was conducted among pediatricians of Puducherry. Design: Observational Cross-sectional study. Methods and Material: After obtaining consent from Pediatricians, a prevalidated questionnaire was distributed and collected from them regarding their awareness, attitude, and practices toward ECC and IOHC. Statistical Analysis Used: Percentage. Results: Out of 85% Pediatricians who responded, 57% of them were aware of initial white spot lesions, and 39% of them were aware of maternally-derived Streptococcus mutans disease. 100% of them were willing to avail information, training on IOHC. Conclusions: It is clear from the study that Pediatricians in Puducherry had limited awareness regarding the prevention of oral diseases. It is essential to provide sufficient knowledge to them by incorporating a module on ECC and infant oral health care in their curriculum.

Improved photocatalytic activity through cobalt (Co) doping has been reported for Al2O3 nanoparticles in this paper. Undoped and Co-doped Al2O3 nanoparticles have been synthesized via a precipitation method. Pure and Al2O3 nanoparticles exhibit a monoclinic crystal structure. The optical bandgap decreases from 3.80 eV to 3.64 eV with Co doping. Due to the red shift in the bandgap, the recombination rate of photo-induced electrons and holes decreases in the doped catalysts which improved their efficiencies against the degradation of rhodamine dye. A remarkable degradation efficiency of 95.45% is evinced for the 4 wt.% Co-doped Al2O3 catalyst and this was well acknowledged from its decreased crystallite size, decreased bandgap and increased photosensitivity values. An increased degradation rate constant value of 0.96649 min−1 observed for the 4 wt.% Co-doped Al2O3 catalyst also confirms this. The results obtained indicate that the Co-doped Al2O3 nanoparticles are potential candidates as visible light catalysts with remarkable degradation efficiencies against toxic dyes. Also, the realization of ferromagnetism confirms the regenerable and reusable quality of the Co-doped Al2O3 catalysts.

SnS2 exhibits lower photocatalytic activity against organic dyes without N N double bonds due to the SnIV/SnII transition which decreases its degradation efficiency due to the decreased formation of O 2 ∗ − and OH∗ radicals. To upgrade the photocatalytic ability of SnS2 against dyes without N N bonds, NiO coupling has been adopted and the results obtained are furnished in this paper. By adopting precipitation method, SnS2, NiO and SnS2 NiO nanocomposite was synthesized. Structural, morphological, compositional, functional group analyses of SnS2, NiO and SnS2 NiO nanocomposite were performed by adopting techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, FTIR and PL. The magnetic property of pure SnS2 got enhanced by coupling with NiO thereby making it suited for magnetic devices. Photocatalytic activities were performed against MB and RhB dyes under visible light. The enhanced degradation ability of the SnS2 NiO composite may be due to its enhanced oxidation/reduction ability of the electrons and holes generated under the effect of visible light.

Intuitionistic Fuzzy set (IFS) was proposed in early 80’s. It is a well known theory. As a developer in Fuzzy Mathematics, interval – valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy sets (IVIFS) were developed afterwards by Gargo and Atanssov. It has a wide range of applications in the field of Optimization and algebra. There are many distance measure in Fuzzy such as Hamming, Normalized Hamming, Euclidean, Normalized Euclidean, Geometric, Normalized Geometric etc… to calculate the distance between two fuzzy numbers. In this paper, the comparison between Geometric distance measure in Intuitionistic Fuzzy set and interval – valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy sets is explored. The step-wise conservation of Intuitionistic Fuzzy set and interval – valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy sets is also proposed. This type of comparative analysis shows that the distance between Intuitionistic Fuzzy set and interval – valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy sets varies slightly due to boundaries of interval – valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy sets.

This paper reports the photoconductive and antimicrobial properties of SnS2–CdO and SnS2-NiO nanocomposites green synthesized using Psidium guajava leaf extract. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the SnS2–CdO nanocomposite exhibits hexagonal SnS2 and cubic CdO diffraction peaks; whereas the SnS2–NiO nanocomposite exhibits hexagonal SnS2 and cubic NiO diffraction peaks. SEM image of the bio-synthesized SnS2–CdO nanocomposite confirmed nanoneedles with grains being well distributed. Regular shaped grains with decreased sizes were observed for the SnS2–NiO nanocomposite. Nanosized grains were observed from the TEM images. The existence of elements Sn, S, Cd, O in SnS2–CdO nanocomposite; Sn, S, Ni, O in SnS2–NiO nanocomposite was confirmed from the EDX and XPS spectra. Increased photosensitivity value was realized for the SnS2–CdO nanocomposite. Both the composites showed good fungal inhibition property against Aspergillus terreus fungi not only by the physical, chemical and biological processes but also owing to phyto-constituents in the leaf extract.