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Human protothecosis is a rare achlorophyllic algal infection found in immunocompromised hosts; commonly those patients on glucocorticoids. Irradiation of the infection is uncommon, but has been previously attempted with antifungal therapy. We present a case of hard-to-heal wounds on an 89-year-old female patient taking glucocorticoids. A wound biopsy noted the wounds to be infected with Prototheca. The patient underwent operative debridement of her wounds, which began to improve and show signs of granulation. This report details the oldest known case of human protothecosis invasion, to our knowledge, and the successful treatment of a Prototheca infection by operative debridement.

Introducción: El rol de la mujer en el área científica ha crecido con el paso de los años, pero aún persiste una gran brecha de género en ciencia. Para conocer y manejar esa brecha, es necesario hacer un mapeo de la situación de las mujeres investigadoras en Honduras. Objetivo: Describir la participación y contribuciones de las investigadoras hondureñas en la producción científica nacional según su perfil en Google Académico. Metodología: Se usó Power BI para analizar las variables sexo, institución, índice H, número de citaciones, número de publicaciones, año de la primera publicación, y áreas de investigación registradas en su perfil, utilizando la versión 2 del Ranking de Investigadores Hondureños según su Perfil de Google Académico disponible en https://bit.ly/38s6YuT, el cual es un registro depurado. Resultados: El 35% de todos los perfiles eran de mujeres, 41% vinculadas a las ciencias médicas y de la salud y en su mayoría (92%), afiliadas a universidades. Pese al creciente número de mujeres investigadoras registradas en Google Académico, el crecimiento no es simétrico respecto a los hombres. Solamente el 3.1% de las investigadoras tenía un índice H que supera los dos dígitos. Conclusión: A pesar de los avances, se mantiene la inequidad de género entre investigadores hondureños según la data de Google Académico. Se requiere de políticas públicas e institucionales, para corregir esa brecha.

Despite the abundant literature on the Jaguar Panthera onca, several aspects of its natural history and ecology such as longevity and residency of wild individuals are still little studied and poorly known. We conducted a camera trapping study in Tikal National Park, Guatemala, during the dry season and early rainy season from April to July 2018. We compared our results with results of previous studies and thereby came across a presumably female adult individual that was recorded in 2009 and again during our survey. We therefore assume that this virtual female is a potential long-term resident Jaguar in this core zone of the Selva Maya, one of the largest and well-conserved forests in the Neotropics and a priority area for the conservation of this species. We recommend implementing systematic and long-termed studies in Guatemala as a tool for the evaluation and management of the species, and to monitor the effectiveness of protected and priority areas in order to ensure the conservation of the Jaguar.

Background:To date, there is no data on switching to dual pathway inhibition (DPI) patients who have completed a guideline-recommended dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) regimen. Objectives: To assess the feasibility of switching from DAPT to DPI and to compare the pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of these treatments. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, PD study conducted in 90 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) on DAPT with aspirin (81mg/qd) plus a P2Y12 inhibitor [clopidogrel (75 mg/qd; n=30), ticagrelor (90mg/bid; n=30), or prasugrel (10mg/qd; n=30)]. Patients in each cohort were randomized to maintain DAPT or switch to DPI (aspirin 81mg/qd plus rivaroxaban 2.5mg/bid). PD assessments included: VerifyNow P2Y12 reaction units; light transmittance aggregometry following stimuli with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), tissue factor (TF), and a combination of collagen, ADP, and TF (CATF, maximum platelet aggregation %); thrombin generation (TG). Assays were performed at baseline and 30 days post-randomization. Results: Switching from DAPT to DPI occurred without major side effects. DAPT was associated with enhanced P2Y12 inhibition, while DPI with reduced TG. Platelet-mediated global thrombogenicity (primary endpoint) showed no differences between DAPT and DPI in the ticagrelor (14.5% [0.0–63.0] vs. 20.0% [0.0–70.0]; p=0.477) and prasugrel (20.0% [0.0–66.0] vs. 4.0% [0.0–70.0]; p=0.482), but not clopidogrel (27.0% [0.0–68.0] vs. 53.0% [0.0–81.0]; p=0.011), cohorts. Conclusion: In patients with CCS, switching from different DAPT regimens to DPI was feasible, showing enhanced P2Y12 inhibition with DAPT and reduced TG with DPI, with no differences in platelet-mediated global thrombogenicity between DPI and ticagrelor- and prasugrel, but not clopidogrel-, based DAPT.

Malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO) is a debilitating and life-limiting complication that occurs in an unfortunately large number of individuals with advanced intrathoracic cancer. Although the management of MCAO is multimodal and interdisciplinary, the task of providing patients with prompt palliation falls increasingly on the shoulders of interventional pulmonologists. While a variety of tools and techniques are available for the management of malignant obstructive lesions, advancements and evolution in this therapeutic venue have been somewhat sluggish and limited when compared with other branches of interventional pulmonary medicine (e.g., the early diagnosis of peripheral lung nodules). Indeed, one pragmatic, albeit somewhat uncharitable, reading of this article's title might suggest a wry smile and shug of the shoulders as to imply that relatively little has changed in recent years. That said, the spectrum of interventions for MCAO continues to expand, even if at a less impressive clip. Herein, we present on MCAO and its endoscopic and nonendoscopic management-that which is old, that which is new, and that which is still on the horizon.

Malaria cases and deaths keep being excessively high every year. Some inroads gained in the last two decades have been eroded especially due to the surge of resistance to most antimalarials. The search for new molecules that can replace the ones currently in use cannot stop. In this report, the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives guided by structure–activity parameters is presented. Thirty-six molecules obtained are analyzed according to their activity against P. falciparum HB3 strain based on the type of substituent on rings A and B, their electron donor/withdrawing, as well as their dimension/spatial properties. There is a preference for electron donating groups on ring A, such as Me in position 5, or better, 5, 6-diMe. Ring B must be of the pyridine type such as picolinamide, other modifications are generally not favorable. Two molecules, 1 and 33 displayed antiplasmodial activity in the high nanomolar range against the chloroquine sensitive strain, with selectivity indexes above 10. Activity results of 1, 12 and 16 on a chloroquine resistance strain indicated an activity close to chloroquine for compound 1. Analysis of some of their effect on the parasites seem to suggest that 1 and 33 affect only the parasite and use a route other than interference with hemozoin biocrystallization, the route used by chloroquine and most antimalarials.

The impact of intense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction using a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor on profiles of platelet reactivity has yet to be explored.Our aim was to investigate the effects of the PCSK9 inhibitor, evolocumab, on platelet reactivity in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) on clopidogrel treatment.This was a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacodynamic study in patients with ASCVD on clopidogrel treatment and with LDL-C levels ≥70 mg/dL despite a maximally tolerated statin dose. Patients were stratified according to levels of platelet reactivity using VerifyNow P2YA total of 84 patients (HPR, n=37 [19 evolocumab vs 18 placebo]; NPR, n=47 [22 evolocumab vs 25 placebo]) were included. Evolocumab significantly reduced LDL-C compared to placebo at 14 (p0.001) and 30 (p=0.001) days. At 14 days, PRU levels were significantly lower with evolocumab compared to placebo in the HPR (218.2±29.7 vs 246.6±35.2; p=0.017), but not in the NPR cohort (141.2±42.8 vs 148.2±41.7; p=0.578). At 30 days, there were no significant differences in PRU in the HPR (219.3±38.3 vs 240.9±51.8; p=0.161) or NPR (141.5±54.3 vs 158.6±40.8; p=0.229) cohorts.Compared to placebo, evolocumab in adjunct to statin therapy did not significantly reduce platelet reactivity at 30 days in ASCVD patients on clopidogrel treatment despite intense LDL-C reduction. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03096288.

Background: Knowledge regarding neuropsychological training in Rett syndrome (RS) is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome and the duration of the effect of cognitive stimulation on topographic EEG data in RS. Method: Twenty female children diagnosed with RS were included in the analysis. Girls with RS conducted a cognitive task using an eye-tracker designed to evaluate access and choice skills. EEG data was acquired during the experimental procedure including two 10-minutes baseline stages before and after the task. Topographical changes of several EEG spectral markers including absolute and relative powers, brain symmetry index and entropy were assessed. Results: Topographic significance probability maps suggested statistical decreases on delta activity and increases on beta rhythm associated with the cognitive task. Entropy increased during and after the task, likely related to more complex brain activity. A significant positive interaction was obtained between brain symmetry index (BSI) and age showing that the improvement of interhemispheric symmetry was higher in younger girls (5-10 years). Conclusions: According to our findings, significant alterations of brain rhythms were observed during and after cognitive stimulation, suggesting that cognitive stimulation may have effects on brain activity beyond the stimulation period. Finally, our promising results also showed an increased brain symmetry that was especially relevant for the younger group. This could suggest an interaction of the eye-tracking cognitive task, however, further studies in this field are needed to assess the relation between brain asymmetries and age. We would like to acknowledge specific funding support from the Spanish Patient Associations Mi Princesa Rett and Rettando al Síndrome de Rett. This project has also received funding from Torrons Vicens and the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), Spain, under contract PID2020-117751RB-I00. CIBER-BBN is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. A. Bachiller is a Serra Húnter Fellow. A.García-Cazorla is supported by FIS P118/00111 “Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)” and “Fondo Europeo de desarrollo regional (FEDER)”. A. Tost has received the predoctoral scholarship FI-AGAUR from the Generalitat de Catalunya.

Objectives To rule out a drug-drug interaction (DDI) among cangrelor-treated patients who have been pre-treated with ticagrelor. Background There are no studies specifically designed to rule out a DDI when cangrelor is used among patients who have been pre-treated with ticagrelor. Methods In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study, patients with coronary artery disease (n = 20) were pre-treated with a 180-mg ticagrelor loading dose (LD) and after 1 hour randomized to placebo or cangrelor (bolus and infusion for 2 hours). Patients crossed over after 1-4 weeks of washout. PK analysis included ticagrelor plasma levels and its active metabolite. PD assessments included: VerifyNow P2Y12 reaction units (PRU), light transmittance aggregometry vasodilatorstimulated phosphoprotein, and Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System. PK/PD assessments were performed at 7-time points. Results Compared to placebo, adding cangrelor to patients pre-treated with ticagrelor resulted in a significant reduction in PRU at 30 min and 1 hour after starting infusion. At 2 hours after stopping cangrelor/placebo infusion, PRU was low and similar in both groups (16.9 vs. 12.6; mean difference: 4.3; 95%CI: -28.6; 37.3), meeting the non-inferiority primary endpoint (predefined non-inferiority margin 45 PRU). Consistent findings were shown with all PD assays. PK tracked PD findings with no differences between groups in plasma levels of ticagrelor and its metabolite. Conclusions Compared with placebo, the use of cangrelor in patients pre-treated with ticagrelor results in enhanced platelet inhibition with no differences in PK/PD profiles after discontinuation of drug infusion indicating the absence of a DDI.

Aims To assess the feasibility of switching from dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to dual pathway inhibition (DPI) and to compare the pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of these treatment regimens. Methods and results This was a prospective, randomized, PD study conducted in 90 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) on DAPT with aspirin (81 mg/qd) plus a P2Y12 inhibitor [clopidogrel (75 mg/qd; n = 30), ticagrelor (90 mg/bid; n = 30), or prasugrel (10 mg/qd; n = 30)]. Patients in each cohort were randomized to maintain DAPT or switch to DPI (aspirin 81 mg/qd plus rivaroxaban 2.5 mg/bid). PD assessments included: VerifyNow P2Y12 reaction units; light transmittance aggregometry following stimuli with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), tissue factor, and a combination of collagen, ADP, and TF (CATF, maximum platelet aggregation %); thrombelastograph coagulation analyzer; thrombin generation (TG). Assays were performed at baseline (on DAPT) and 30 days post-randomization (trough and peak). Switching from DAPT to DPI occurred without major side effects. DAPT was associated with enhanced P2Y12 inhibition, while DPI with reduced TG. Platelet-mediated global thrombogenicity (primary endpoint) showed no differences between DAPT and DPI in the ticagrelor (14.5% [0.0–63.0] vs. 20.0% [0.0–70.0]; p = 0.477) and prasugrel (20.0% [0.0–66.0] vs. 4.0% [0.0–70.0]; p = 0.482), but not clopidogrel (27.0% [0.0–68.0] vs. 53.0% [0.0–81.0]; p = 0.011), cohorts. Conclusion In patients with CCS, switching from different DAPT regimens to DPI was feasible, showing enhanced P2Y12 inhibition with DAPT and reduced TG with DPI, with no differences in platelet-mediated global thrombogenicity between DPI and ticagrelor- and prasugrel, but not clopidogrel-, based DAPT.

Schizophreniais a severe mental disorder associated with persistent or recurrent psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders that affect approximately 26 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Several studies encompass machine learning and deep learning algorithms to automate the diagnosis of this mental disorder. Others study schizophrenia brain networks to get new insights into the dynamics of information processing in patients suffering from the condition. In this paper, we offer a rigorous approach with machine learning and deep learning techniques for evaluating connectivity matrices and measures of complex networks to establish an automated diagnosis and comprehend the topology and dynamics of brain networks in schizophrenia patients. For this purpose, we employed an fMRI and EEG dataset in a multimodal fashion. In addition, we combined EEG measures, i.e., Hjorth mobility and complexity, to complex network measurements to be analyzed in our model for the first time in the literature. When comparing the schizophrenia group to the control group, we found a high positive correlation between the left superior parietal lobe and the left motor cortex and a positive correlation between the left dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and the left primary motor. In terms of complex network measures, the diameter, which corresponds to the longest shortest path length in a network, may be regarded as a biomarker because it is the most important measure in a multimodal fashion. Furthermore, the schizophrenia brain networks exhibit less segregation and lower distribution of information. As a final result, EEG measures outperformed complex networks in capturing the brain alterations associated with schizophrenia. As a result, our model achieved an AUC of 100%, an accuracy of 98% for the fMRI, an AUC of 95 %, and an accuracy of 95% for the EEG data set. These are excellent classification results. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of specific brain connections and network measures for these results, which helped us better describe changes in the diseased brain.

To rule out a drug-drug interaction (DDI) among cangrelor-treated patients who have been pre-treated with ticagrelor.There are no studies specifically designed to rule out a DDI when cangrelor is used among patients who have been pre-treated with ticagrelor.In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study, patients with coronary artery disease (n=20) were pre-treated with a 180-mg ticagrelor loading dose (LD) and after 1 hour randomized to placebo or cangrelor (bolus and infusion for 2 hours). Patients crossed over after 1-4 weeks of washout. PK analysis included ticagrelor plasma levels and its active metabolite. PD assessments included: VerifyNow P2YCompared to placebo, adding cangrelor to patients pre-treated with ticagrelor resulted in a significant reduction in PRU at 30 min and 1 hour after starting infusion. At 2 hours after stopping cangrelor/placebo infusion, PRU was low and similar in both groups (16.9 vs. 12.6; mean difference: 4.3; 95%CI: -28.6; 37.3), meeting the non-inferiority primary endpoint (pre-defined non-inferiority margin 45 PRU). Consistent findings were shown with all PD assays. PK tracked PD findings with no differences between groups in plasma levels of ticagrelor and its metabolite.Compared with placebo, the use of cangrelor in patients pre-treated with ticagrelor results in enhanced platelet inhibition with no differences in PK/PD profiles after discontinuation of drug infusion indicating the absence of a DDI.

Introducción. En julio 2021, había alrededor de 40,000 hondureños pendientes de la segunda dosis de la vacuna anticovid Sputnik V, por lo que se propuso ofrecerles cruce de vacuna. El grupo también incluía al personal de medios de comunicación. Este sondeo de opinión evaluó la aceptación y otras percepciones sobre el cruce en este grupo. Métodos. Se realizó una encuesta rápida al personal de medios de comunicación y a población general especialmente adultos mayores en espera de la segunda dosis. Resultados. Se obtuvo respuestas de 146 personas entre 21 a 95 años; 7 (4.8%) ya se habían aplicado la segunda dosis y 5 (3.4%) ya había hecho algún cruce con otra vacuna. Del resto (134 personas), 35.8% (n=48) era personal de medios de comunicación, especialmente reporteros o presentadores en radio y televisión. El 67.9% de todos los participantes manifestó preocupación, pero prefería esperar la llegada de la misma marca de vacuna. El 29.8% opinó que las vacunas anticovid se pueden combinar, pero solamente 14.9% estaba dispuesto a aceptar un cruce personalmente. El 79.1% afirmó saber poco o nada de las bases científicas sobre dichos cruces de vacunas, sin diferencias entre periodistas y no periodistas. La mitad dijo mantener una bioseguridad en rango bueno y la otra mitad en rango excelente. Conclusión. Se encontró poca aceptación al cruce de vacunas, especialmente si se tratara de hacerlo personalmente. Se evidenció la necesidad de más información científica sobre el tema, especialmente entre el personal de medios de comunicación.

Durante el período de la emergencia por el COVID-19 se han generado grandes volúmenes de datos a nivel mundial. Éstos requieren de análisis mediante sistemas de información robustos, debido al papel crítico que juegan para el manejo de la pandemia con la velocidad que la situación requiere. Esta gestión de datos debe acompañarse de un sistema de transparencia que permita el flujo e intercambio de los mismos, para facilitar su análisis oportuno. Esto resultará en la mejor comprensión y respuesta a la emergencia, no sólo a nivel sanitario, sino que también en los ámbitos económico, social y otros. La experiencia del Observatorio de COVID-19 de la Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana (UNITEC) ha permitido dar tratamiento y visualización a los datos oficiales sobre el COVID-19 en Honduras. El Observatorio también diseña encuestas y presentación de resultados de investigaciones propias que son de interés público a partir del uso de un eficaz software para sistemas de información geográfica, ArcGIS, diseñado y distribuido por Esri.

Nucleotides are the basic elements of the genetic material, participate in bio-energetic processes, are cofactors and components of secondary metabolites, etc. Nucleotide hydrolases (nucleotidases) are phosphatases that remove the 5'-phosphate group from the nucleotides and play a crucial role in nucleotide metabolism. In this study, genes encoding putative nucleotidases in Phaseolus vulgaris have been identified, and the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on both nucleotidase activity and gene expression has been addressed. The predicted nucleotidase peptides include the conserved domains characteristic of the haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase superfamily. The analysis of the expression of the 11 identified genes in radicles of common bean seedlings elicited with MeJA showed that 3 of them are highly induced by this phytohormone in a dose-dependent manner. Nucleotidase activity in radicles from MeJA treated plants was higher than in not elicited seedlings, and this induction was observed with all the nucleotides assayed (mono-, di- or triphosphate) and with purine or pyrimidine nucleotides. MeJA is involved in biotic and abiotic stress, and the induction of nucleotide metabolism in response to this treatment suggests a relevant role for nucleotides in the seedlings response to unfavourable conditions.

BACKGROUND: The optimal anastomotic techniques in esophagectomy to minimize rates of anastomotic leakage and conduit necrosis are not known. The aim of this study was to assess whether the anastomotic technique was associated with anastomotic failure after esophagectomy in the international Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Audit cohort.METHODS: This prospective observational multicenter cohort study included patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer over 9 months during 2018. The primary exposure was the anastomotic technique, classified as handsewn, linear stapled, or circular stapled. The primary outcome was anastomotic failure, namely a composite of anastomotic leakage and conduit necrosis, as defined by the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to identify the association between anastomotic techniques and anastomotic failure, after adjustment for confounders.RESULTS: Of the 2238 esophagectomies, the anastomosis was handsewn in 27.1%, linear stapled in 21.0%, and circular stapled in 51.9%. Anastomotic techniques differed significantly by the anastomosis sites (P < .001), with the majority of neck anastomoses being handsewn (69.9%), whereas most chest anastomoses were stapled (66.3% circular stapled and 19.3% linear stapled). Rates of anastomotic failure differed significantly among the anastomotic techniques (P < .001), from 19.3% in handsewn anastomoses, to 14.0% in linear stapled anastomoses, and 12.1% in circular stapled anastomoses. This effect remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors on multivariable analysis, with an odds ratio of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.46-0.86; P = .004) for circular stapled versus handsewn anastomosis. However, subgroup analysis by anastomosis site suggested that this effect was predominantly present in neck anastomoses, with anastomotic failure rates of 23.2% versus 14.6% versus 5.9% for handsewn versus linear stapled anastomoses versus circular stapled neck anastomoses, compared with 13.7% versus 13.8% versus 12.2% for chest anastomoses.CONCLUSIONS: Handsewn anastomoses appear to be independently associated with higher rates of anastomotic failure compared with stapled anastomoses. However, this effect seems to be largely confined to neck anastomoses, with minimal differences between techniques observed for chest anastomoses. Further research into standardization of anastomotic approach and techniques may further improve outcomes.

Malaria cases and deaths keep being excessively high every year. Some inroads gained in the last two decades have been eroded especially due to the surge of resistance to most antimalarials. The search for new molecules that can replace the ones currently in use cannot stop. In this report, the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives guided by structure-activity parameters is presented. Thirty-six molecules obtained are analyzed according to their activity against P. falciparum HB3 strain based on the type of substituent on rings A and B, their electron donor/withdrawing, as well as their dimension/spatial properties. There is a preference for electron donating groups on ring A, such as Me in position 5, or better, 5, 6-diMe. Ring B must be of the pyridine type such as picolinamide, other modifications are generally not favorable. Two molecules, 1 and 33 displayed antiplasmodial activity in the high nanomolar range against the chloroquine sensitive strain, with selectivity indexes above 10. Activity results of 1, 12 and 16 on a chloroquine resistance strain indicated an activity close to chloroquine for compound 1. Analysis of some of their effect on the parasites seem to suggest that 1 and 33 affect only the parasite and use a route other than interference with hemozoin biocrystallization, the route used by chloroquine and most antimalarials.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key regulator of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis. Besides its importance as regulator of the cardiovascular function, the RAS has also been associated to the modulation of higher brain functions, including cognition, memory, depression and anxiety. For many years, angiotensin II (Ang II) has been considered the major bioactive component of the RAS. However, the existence of many other biologically active RAS components has currently been recognized, with similar, opposite, or distinct effects to those exerted by Ang II. Today, it is considered that the RAS is primarily constituted by two opposite arms. The pressor arm is composed by Ang II and the Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor (AT1R), which mediates the vasoconstrictor, proliferative, hypertensive, oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects of the RAS. The depressor arm is mainly composed by Ang-(1-7), its Mas receptor (MasR) which mediates the depressor, vasodilatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Ang-(1-7) and the AT2 receptor (AT2R), which opposes to the effects mediated by AT1R activation. Central Ang-(1-7) is implicated in the control of the cardiovascular function, thus participating in the regulation of blood pressure. Ang-(1-7) also exerts neuroprotective actions through MasR activation by opposing to the harmful effects of the Ang II/AT1R axis. This review is focused on the expression and regulation of the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis in the brain, its main neuroprotective effects and the evidence regarding its involvement in the pathophysiology of several diseases at cardiovascular and neurological level.

Marine natural products play critical roles in the chemical defense of many marine organisms and are essential, reputable sources of successful drug leads. Sixty-seven 14-membered resorcylic acid lactone derivatives 3–27 and 30–71 of the natural product zeaenol (1) isolated from the marine-derived fungus Cochliobolus lunatus were semisynthesized by chlorination, acylation, esterification, and acetalization in one to three steps. The structures of these new derivatives were established by HRESIMS and NMR techniques. All the compounds (1–71) were evaluated for their antialgal and antiplasmodial activities. Among them, 14 compounds displayed antifouling activities against adhesion of the fouling diatoms. In particular, 9 and 34 exhibited strong and selective inhibitory effects against the diatoms Navicula laevissima and Navicula exigua (EC50 = 6.67 and 8.55 μmol/L), respectively, which were similar in efficacy to those of the positive control SeaNine 211 (EC50 = 2.90 and 9.74 μmol/L). More importantly, 38, 39, and 69–71 showed potent antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values ranging from 3.54 to 9.72 μmol/L. Very interestingly, the five antiplasmodial derivatives displayed non-toxicity in the cytotoxicity assays and the zebrafish embryos model, thus, representing potential promising antiplasmodial drug agents. The preliminary structure–activity relationships indicated that biphenyl substituent at C-2, acetonide at positions C-5′ and C-6′, and tri- or tetra-substituted of acyl groups increased the antiplasmodial activity. Therefore, combining evaluation of chemical ecology with pharmacological models will be implemented as a systematic strategy, not only for environmentally friendly antifoulants but also for structurally novel drugs.