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Resumen Introduccion y objetivos Es escasa la informacion de estudios cardiovasculares longitudinales. En hipertensos (HTA) y/o hipercolesterolemicos (HCL) espanoles, con mal control inicial de la presion arterial (PA) y/o del colesterol total (CT) se cuantifica la tasa de incidencia (TI), la incidencia acumulada (IA), los riesgos relativos (RR), las curvas de supervivencia (CS), el cumplimiento terapeutico (CU) y se ajusta la escala de Framingham-Anderson (FA) a nuestro entorno. Pacientes y metodos Se analizaron 6.893 HTA y/o HCL en prevencion primaria que aportaron un promedio de 1,22 anos de seguimiento. Participaron 480 medicos. Se calcularon: la TI, IA y los RR; el metodo de Kaplan-Meier para la CS; Haynes-Sackett adaptado para el CU; el ajuste de FA por la recta de los minimos cuadrados, coeficiente de correlacion de Pearson (r) e intraclase (cci). Resultados La IA fue 1,59% (1,31-1,90); la TI de 1.321, 6 eventos cardiovasculares por 100.000 pacientes/ano (1.026,6-1.598,8). Los RR significativos fueron: edad (p = 0,03), PA final (p = 0,02), antecedentes coronarios (p = 0,00), hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI) (p = 0,00), microalbuminuria (p = 0,02), CT = 250 mg/dl al inicio (p = 0,01), glucemia basal (Gb) ≥ 126 mg/dl al inicio (p = 0,00), creatinina ≥ 1,2 mg/dl al inicio (p = 0,00) y final (p =0,00), y no CU en HCL (p = 0,00). Las CS realizadas por antecedentes de HTA y/o HCL, existencia o no de Gb ≥ 126 mg/dl, existencia o no de lesion de organos diana, y tener o no riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) alto con FA, fueron significativas (p Conclusiones Se ajusto la ecuacion FA en nuestros pacientes, con datos propios. Se cuantificaron los factores pronosticos y CS. Se cuantifico un beneficio entre CU y disminucion de RCV en HCL.

Although allergic diseases are frequent in childhood, few studies have characterised the IgE sensitization profile among young children with allergic-like symptoms.To determine the prevalence and the type of allergic sensitization, as well as the demographic and environmental factors related to both characteristics, among 0-5 year old children presenting with wheezing and/or atopic dermatitis.Collaborative cross-over study developed in the paediatric setting of 20 Spanish Primary Health Care Centres. An allergology evaluation including blood determination of specific IgE antibodies to common inhalant and food allergens was performed on 468 children who presented with wheezing and/or atopic dermatitis.Allergic sensitization was detected in 32.4% of the children with wheezing (95% confidence interval, 95%CI, 26.3-38.6%), in 54.8% of the children who had atopic dermatitis (95%CI, 42.1-67.6%) and in 39.2% of the children with both processes (95%CI, 32.0-46.4%). The risk of allergic sensitization was sex related (male versus female adjusted odds ratio, OR(A), 1.91, 95%CI, 1.24-2.95), and also related to the age (3-5 versus 0-2 year old OR(A) 1.96, 95%CI, 1.27-3.0), type of early feeding (maternal milk versus infant formula OR(A) 0.51, 95%CI, 0.31-0.84) and geoclimatic area (OR(A) Continental versus Atlantic 2.26, 95%CI, 1.30-3.93). Compared to the Atlantic area, the Continental area the sensitization was lower to mites (OR(A) 0.16, 95%CI, 0.07-0.36) and higher to grass (OR(A) 4.65, 95%CI 1.99-10.86), cow milk (OR(A) 5.17, 95%CI, 1.71-15.62) and egg (OR(A) 5.26, 95%CI, 2.04-13.62), whereas in the Mediterranean area the sensitization was lower to mites (OR(A) 0.29, 95%CI, 0.13-0.64) and higher to cow milk (OR(A) 3.81, 95%CI, 1.20-12.14) and egg (OR(A) 5.24, 95%CI, 1.94-14.20).A significant proportion of small children treated at the paediatric primary health care centres due to wheezing and/or atopic dermatitis had allergic sensitization. There appears to be a geoclimatic variation in the prevalence of sensitization to inhalant and food allergens among young children with allergic like symptoms who live in Spain.

There is little information on cardiovascular longitudinal studies. In Spanish patients with hypertension (AHT)) and/or hypercholesterolemia (HC), with poor initial control of blood pressure (BP) and/or total cholesterol (TC), incidence rate (IR), cumulative incidence (CI), relative risks (RR), survival curves (SC), therapeutic compliance (TC) were quantified and the Framingham-Anderson scale (FAS) was adjusted to our patients.A total of 6,893 primary prevention patients with AHT and/or with HC were included in primary prevention, with an average of 1.22 years of follow-up. A total of 480 physicians participated. Incidence rate (IR), cumulative incidence (CIN), relative risks (RR), survival curves (SC) by Kaplan-Meier method, and therapeutic compliance (TCOM) by Haynes-Sackett self-reported questionnaire were calculated. The Framingham-Anderson scale (FAS) was validated with Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and intraclass correlation index (ICI).CIN was 1.59% (1.31-1.90); the IR 1,321.6 cardiovascular events/ 100,000 patients/year (1,026.6-1,598.8). RRs with statistical significance were: age (p = 0.03). Blood pressure at the end of the study (p = 0.02), coronary background (p = 0.00), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (p = 0.00), microalbuminuria (p = 0.02), CT/= 250 mg/dl (p = 0.01), fasting glycemia (Gb)/= 126 mg/dl (p = 0.00), creatinine/= 1.2 mg/dl at the beginning (p = 0.00) and at the end of the study (p = 0.00), and poor compliance in HC patients (p = 0.00). SC have statistical significance (p0.05) for AHT background, fasting glucose/= 126 mg/dl, target organ damage, and high cardiovascular risk with FAS scale. The adjusted FAS formula for global cardiovascular risk was (0.415 x FAS Risk%) + 0.517%, r = 0.9962 (p = 0.00) and ICI = 0.9969 (p0.0001).The equation for the FAS scale was adjusted for Spanish AHT/HC patients. Prognostic factors and SC were calculated. Benefit between TC and decrease of CVR in HC patients was quantified.

We present four cases of lupus anticoagulant (AL) in children. In addition, as a result of the lack of literature published on the subject in our country. We also evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic characteristics of AL in children.The diagnostic criteria established by the "Subcommittee for the Standardization of Lupus Anticoagulant" were followed.Over a ten-year period (1988-1998), 46 cases of children with TTPA prolongation were documented. Nine children showed circulating anticoagulant, 4 of which were lupus type anticoagulants. The age of the patients ranged from 4 to 13 and there was a prevalence of males (3/4). Half of the children had a family history of bleeding dyscrasia and it was these who showed hemorrhage or thrombotic symptoms. The case that started with ecchymosis and hemorrhaging showed prothrombin prolongation due to factor II deficit. In 3 of the 4 children, AL was linked to acute respiratory infections and was transitory. The other coincided with two thrombotic episodes of the lower extremities in a healthy child. Positive anticardiolipin antibodies were detected in two patients, both showing repeated AL episodes, one with thrombosis and the other always asymptomatic.Diagnosis of AL in children is difficult and has probably been underestimated. Although it is usually transitory, it can appear in repeated episodes. Its early detection is important as it can be linked to both prothrombin deficit, as well as significant symptoms of hemorrhaging.