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Context: Globally, around half of all under-5 deaths are attributable to undernutrition. The magnitude of child undernutrition in India is one of the highest in the world. Responsive feeding that has the potential to optimize nutrition and development depends on a “healthy mother”. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the magnitude and determinants of maternal depression among mothers of infants who attended immunization clinic in a rural medical college in central India and observe its association with infant-feeding practices and nutritional status of infants. Study Design: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted among consecutively chosen 300 mothers and their infants who visited the immunization clinic of hospital during May-September, 2016. Data were collected individually by interviewing each mother, and anthropometry of her infant was done. The mothers with depression were diagnosed according to the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Magnitude of depression has been reported using frequency and percentage, whereas association has been studied using prevalence odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) and logistic regression at 0.05 significance level. Results: The magnitude of maternal depression was 19% (95% CI 14.4-23.5). Mothers with depression had significantly higher odds for not indulging in responsive feeding. Maternal education had significant association with maternal depression after adjusting for other variables. Conclusions: Burden of maternal depression is high among mothers of infants who attended immunization clinic in a rural medical college in central India and is significantly associated with nonresponsive feeding practices.

Petroleum products play a major role in fueling the economy of the world but the pollution they create has become a critical issue. Understanding the diversity present in pipeline muck will help with the exploration of new microbial strains with better hydrocarbon degrading capacities for bioremediation of polluted sites. This study provides an analysis of petroleum muck using next generation sequencing.

Aim Recto-urethral fistulas are an uncommon, but devastating complication following rectal or urinary tract surgery. Repair is often difficult, and the optimal approach is unclear. We report our recent experience using an endorectal advancement flap. Method A case note review of all patients undergoing repair of recto-urethral fistula in our institution was undertaken. Data on aetiology of the fistula, patient demographics, operative procedure and outcome both clinically and radiologically were extracted. Results Between 2002 and 2008, six transanal rectal advancement flaps in five patients were carried out. Four had undergone a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, without any radiotherapy. Two types of fistula (type 1 associated with severe intra-abdominal sepsis and type 2 associated with localized sepsis) were found, with faecal diversion being less likely with the latter. Four (80%) patients underwent successful primary repair, with one patient requiring a second procedure. Postoperative cystography confirmed closure of the fistula in all five patients, and no recurrence has been observed at a mean follow-up time of 11 months. Conclusion Rectal advancement flap is a simple, effective technique for iatrogenic recto-urethral fistula with minimal morbidity.

Recto-urethral fistulas are an uncommon, but devastating complication following rectal or urinary tract surgery. Repair is often difficult, and the optimal approach is unclear. We report our recent experience using an endorectal advancement flap.A case note review of all patients undergoing repair of recto-urethral fistula in our institution was undertaken. Data on aetiology of the fistula, patient demographics, operative procedure and outcome both clinically and radiologically were extracted.Between 2002 and 2008, six transanal rectal advancement flaps in five patients were carried out. Four had undergone a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, without any radiotherapy. Two types of fistula (type 1 associated with severe intra-abdominal sepsis and type 2 associated with localized sepsis) were found, with faecal diversion being less likely with the latter. Four (80%) patients underwent successful primary repair, with one patient requiring a second procedure. Postoperative cystography confirmed closure of the fistula in all five patients, and no recurrence has been observed at a mean follow-up time of 11 months.Rectal advancement flap is a simple, effective technique for iatrogenic recto-urethral fistula with minimal morbidity.

Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226 007, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail : vinodkumarpandey@rediffmail.com Department of Chemistry, D.N.P.G. College, Gulaothi, Bu!andshahr-245 008, Uttar Pradesh, India Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India Manuscript received 10 August 2006, revised 10 April 2007, accepted 18 April 2007 Anthranilic acid on reaction with excess equivalent of an aromatic acid chloride in pyridine yields 2-aryl-4-oxo-3,1-benzoxazines (1). Reaction of 1 with p-aminophenol in pyridine furnishes 2-aryl-3-(4-ydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo(3H)quinazolones (2) which reacts with amido-alcohols in the presence of cone. H2SO4 to give 3-(4-hydroxy-3- phthalimidomethyl/3-ethyl-2-phenyl-4-oxo(3H)-quinazolinyl/1-ethyl-7- ydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-quinolinyl-phenyl)-2-aryl-4- oxo(3H)-quinazolin-4-ones (3). Compounds 3 have been evaluated for their antiviral activity against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Herpes simplex virus type-/ (HSV-I) both in vitro and in vivo.

The synthesis of N-[p-(3'-(2'-aryl-4'-oxo-1',3'-thiazolyl)}diphcnylj-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoquinolines 4 have been achieved starting from resorcinol. 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin(4-methylumbelliferone) 1 is obtained by the reaction of resorcinol with ethylacetoacetate. 1 on treatment with benzidine gives N-(p-aminodiphenyl)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoquinoline 2. 2 on treatment with different aryl aldehydes in presence of glacial acetic acid furnishes N-(p-arylidinoamino-diphenyl-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoquinolines 3a-e. The latter on treatment with thioglycollic acid in presence of anhydrous ZnCl 2 yields 4a-e. The in vitro anti-JEV activity of these compounds has also been evaluated.

p-Phenylacetophenone 1 is synthesized by Friedel-Crafts acylation of diphenyl. Bromination of 1 in gl. acetic acid affords p-phenyl phenacyl bromide 2, which on reaction with 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin (4-methyl umbelliferone) has resulted in 4-methyl-7-(4'-phenylphenacyloxy)-benzo [1,2-b] pyran-2-one 3. Reaction of 3 with phosphorusoxychloride in carbon tetrachloride gives a cyclized product 2H-4-methyl-9-(p-phenyl-phenyl)-furo-[2',3',5,6]-benzo[1,2-b]pyran-2-one 4, which on treatment with aromatic aldehydes yields 2H-4-styryl-9-[p-phenyl-phenyl)-furo-[2',3',5,6]-benzo-[1,2-b] pyran-2-ones 5. Compounds 5 are evaluated for their antiviral activity against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Herpes simplex virus type-I (HSV-I).

Hydroquinone on reaction with amido alcohols 1 in the presence of conc. H 2 SO 4 gives 2-arylamido/imidoalkyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzenes 2 which undergo cyclization with aromatic primary amine and sulphur in the presence of iodine to yield 2-aryl-amido/imidoalkyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-ols 3. Compounds 3 are further substituted to 2-arylamido/imidoalkyl-10-[(4-methoxy-phenyl/phenyl) phenylamino-methyl]-10H-phenothiazin-3-ols 4. Compounds 4 have been screened for their antiviral activity against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Herpes simplex virus type-I (HSV-I).

lamine gives N-h ydroxy eth yl phth alimide I whi ch reac ts w:th anthranili c ac id in prese nce of eth anol con tainin g co nce ntrated hydrochl ori c ac id affording 5-( N-eth ylphth alimido)-a nthranili c ac id 2, This on treatment with be nzoy l chl orid e in py ridin e giv es 6-(N-eth yl phthalimido)-2-phenyl-4-oxo-3, 4-dih ydrobenzoxazin e 3 whi ch on reac ti on with 2-amino-5 ara lkyl -I , 3. 4- thi ad iazo les 4 in pyridin e result s in th e form at ion of 6-(N-eth ylphth alim ido)-3- [2'-(5' -aralk yl- 1 '. 3', 4'-thi adiazo lyl)]-2 phenyl-4 -oxo-(3 H)-qu inazolines 5. The anti viral and antih ypert ensive ac ti viti es of 5 have been repo rt ed. The di verse pharmacological prope rti es e xhibited by quinazolo nes have bee n o f muc h s ignifi cance in re­ cent years. 2, 3- Dis ubstituted quinazolones have been de monstrated to be associated with a nti viral' and a nti ­ fungal activiti es 2 . In additi o n, some quinazolo ne de­ ri vatives containi ng sulpho namido g roup caused anti­ hy pert e nsive effect probabl y due to th e initial reduc­ ti o n o f bl ood volume because of Na+ de pl e ti o n and subseque ntl y on account of direct relaxati o n o f art e­ ri o lar s mooth muscle J . So me compo unds were gener­ a ll y effecti ve in lowering bl ood pressure in th e s po n­ taneous hyperte nsive rats model and showed a­ adrene rg ic bl ocking acti vit/. These vali d o bserva­ ti o ns led th e autho rs to unde rtake th e synthes is o f some 6-(N-eth y lphthalimido)-3-[2'-(5'-aralky l-1 ',3 ', 4' -thiadi az-o l y 1)]-2-pheny 1-4-oxo-(3 H)-quinazoli nes to evalu ate th e ir anti hype rtens ive and anti viral acti viti es. 6-(N-Eth ylphthalimido )-3-[2'-(5'-aralk yl- 1 ',3 ',4'-thi a­ d iazoly l)]-2-phe ny l- 4 -oxo-(3H) quinazolin cs 5 were prepared (Scheme I ) by heating a mi xture o f 6-(N­ eth y l phthalimido)-2-phe ny l-4-oxo-3,4-dihydrobe nzo­ xazine 3 and 2-amino-5-ara lk y l-1 ,3,4-thi adi azoles 4 in anh ydrous pyridine under a nh ydro us reacti o n condi­ lio ns s . The synthesized compounds were characte r­ ized with th e he lp of e le me nta l a nalysis, IR and ' H NM R spectral data.

Congenital or true colonic diverticulosis is a rare condition typified by the preservation of the colonic wall architecture within the diverticular outpouching. Cases of multiple jejunal diverticula have been reported as well as cases of solitary giant diverticula of the colon. There have been no reports in the literature of pancolonic congenital diverticulosis.

N 1 -(5-Aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazolo-2-yl)-ureas on cyclocondensation with CS 2 /KOH afford 2-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole[3,2-a]-s-triazine-5,7-(6H)dithione nucleobase which on glycosylation with different sugars gives nucleoside analogues.

Condensation of carboxylic acids with thiosemicarbazide in presence of conc. H 2 SO 4 gives 2-amino-5-aralkyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoies 1 which on diazotization afford 5-aralkyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoiyl-2-diazonium chlorides 2. Reaction of 2 with cold solution of β-naphthol in dilute NaOH furnishes α-(2-diazo-5-aralkyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)-β-sodionaphthoxides 3 which on acidification with conc. HCl gives α-(2-diazo-5-aralkyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)-β-naphthols 4. Reaction of 4 with p-anisidine gives α-(2-diazo-5-aralkyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)-β-(p-anisidino) naphthalenes 5. Fusion of 5 with sulphur in presence of iodine results in 1-(2'-diazo-5'-aralkyl-1',3',4'-thiadiazolyl)-6-methoxy benzophenothiazines 6 in yields varying from 48% to 59%. The new compounds 6 have been screened for their antiviral and antifungal activities.

Reaction of phenothiazine with p-aminobenzoic acid and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol furnishes 10-(α-p-carboxyphenyl-aminobenzyl) phenothiazines 2 which on treatment with o-phenylene diamine in pyridine results in the formation of 10-(α-p-benzimidazolyl-aminobenzyl) phenothiazines 3 in the yields varying from 60-85%. Antiviral and antifungal activities of 3 are reported.

Chemistry Department, Parle College, Dixit Road, Vile Parle (Last), Bombay-400 057 Manuscript received 20 October 1992, revised 4 January 1993, accepted 4 February 1993 Synthesis of 3'[4-Aryl-2-thiazolyl]-6'-aryl- imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles as Possible Antibacterials &nbsp

Chemistry Department. Parle College, Dixit Road, Vile Parle (East), Bombay-400 057 Manuscript received 4 December 1992, accepted 8 February 1993 Synthesis of 3-[ 4" -Aryl-(2" -4' -bithiazol)-2' -yl]-2-aryl- 5-carboxymethyl-4-thiazolidinones and their Ester Derivatives

Seven pockets of variable dimensions of strata-bound sparry magnesite within the Middle Proterozoic Gangolihat Formation around Bauri in the Almora district, Kumaun, Lesser Himalaya, have been investigated petrographically and geochemically. The lenses and pockets of megacrystalline, bladed, occasionally stellate, magnesite aggregates invariably enclosed by stromatolitic or massive dolostones, often exhibit a concordant relationship with the latter. Besides the sharp contrast in crystal-linity of magnesite and dolostones and the patches of the latter in the former, relict features such as layers of chert, cryptocrystalline silica veins and stromatolitic structures are discernible in the magnesite. There is a gradual increase in MgO and FeO with a corresponding decrease in CaO, and a striking depletion in Sr from dolostone to magnesite but no noteworthy variation in other major or minor elements nor in insoluble contents. Both the dolostones and magnesites are characterised by the same range of oxygen isotope ratios. However, a marked enrichment of lighter carbon isotopes in magnesites is noted. Based on these observations, it is inferred that the magnesite around Bauri is a product of diagenetic magnesitisation of penecontemporaneous dolomite in a restricted biohermal tidal flat environment.

Chemistry Department, Parle College, Dixit Road, Vile Parle (East), Bombay-400 057 Manuscript received 90 January 1992, accepted 23 March 1992 Synthesis of 2''-Azetidinones bearing 2,4'-Bithiazole Moiety as Possible Antibacterials.

The aim of this study was to assess whether 2 dimensional echocardiography can provide reliable parameters to quantitatively estimate pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Twenty subjects, 16 males and 4 females, mean age 54.5 year +/- 4.92 were evaluated. Right ventricular dimensions were measured using subcostal 2- dimensional (2D) approach viz. right ventricular maximum short axis (Rv) and tricuspid annulus (TA). Free right ventricular anterior wall (AW) was measured by M-Mode. A 2D Index was calculated RV x TA + Aw and the same correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.97). This appears to be a useful non-invasive method foe estimating PH in cases of COPD.

Chemistry Department, Parle College, Dixit Road, Vile Parle ( East ), Bombay-4.00 057 Manuscript received19 January1990, revised14 January1991, accepted 11 July 1991 Synthesis of Schiff Bases and Thiazolidinones bearing 2,4'-Bithiazole Moiety.

The receiver system of the Ooty radio telescope is described. It operates at the centre frequency of 326.5 MHz with an overall bandwidth of 4 MHz. It has been designed to produce 12 simultaneous beams in the sky separated by 3 sec δ arc min in declination.

Lunar occultation observations for more than 150 radio sources have been made with the steerable radio telescope at Ootacamund, India. The radio telescope is also being used for the observation of pulsars and interplanetary scintillations. It has an effective collecting area of about 8,700 m2.

The methods used for gain and phase adjustment of the 22 sections of the 530 m long cylindrical radio telescope at Ootacamund which operates at 326.5 MHz are described. Periodic adjustments are made by observing strong radio sources. A monitoring system using the modulated reflection technique has been installed for rapid measurements.

INTERFEROMETRIC1,2 and lunar occultation3–5 observations show that the radio source Sgr A, which is located near the galactic centre, consists of several components varying in size from a few arc s to a few arc min. Lunar occultation observations made at Ootacamund on September 9, 1970, have provided detailed information on the structure of the source of 327 MHz and have revealed the presence of an extended component 10 × 4 arc min in size and centred approximately on Sgr A. The extended source has an inclination of 45° ± 15° to the galactic plane, similar to that of the 20 cm continuum ridges6.

A phytochemical investigation of AGLAIA ROXBURGHIANA var. Beddomei (Meliaceae) resulted in the isolation of the active principle and its characterisation as (+)-odorinol exhibiting strong antiviral activity against Ranikhet disease virus (RVD) in chick embryo.

>Radio positions and brightness distributions derived from lunar occultations observed with the Ooty radio telescope at 327 MHz are reported for 50 radio sources, most of them in the flux density range of 0.3 - 2 x 10/sup -26/ Wm/sup -2/ Hz/sup -1/. A lange majority of the so urces is resolved, with angular sizes of about 2 to 20 arcsec. Only 13 sources are identified with optical objects; nine with galaxies, three with blue-stellar objects and one with a stellar object. (auth)