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137 results on '"M. Minev"'

1. Multimessenger Characterization of Markarian 501 during Historically Low X-Ray and γ-Ray Activity

Author: H. Abe, S. Abe, V. A. Acciari, I. Agudo, T. Aniello, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet-Engels, C. Arcaro, M. Artero, K. Asano, D. Baack, A. Babić, A. Baquero, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, I. Batković, J. Baxter, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, I. Burelli, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, M. Carretero-Castrillo, A. J. Castro-Tirado, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, A. Del Popolo, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, G. Emery, J. Escudero, V. Fallah Ramazani, L. Fariña, A. Fattorini, L. Foffano, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, J. G. Giesbrecht Paiva, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinović, R. Grau, D. Green, J. G. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, L. Heckmann, J. Herrera, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, R. Iotov, K. Ishio, I. Jiménez Martínez, J. Jormanainen, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, M. López-Moya, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, A. Lorini, E. Lyard, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, N. Mang, M. Manganaro, S. Mangano, K. Mannheim, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, A. Mas-Aguilar, D. Mazin, S. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, T. Miener, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, H. A. Mondal, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, T. Nakamori, C. Nanci, L. Nava, V. Neustroev, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, T. Njoh Ekoume, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, A. Okumura, J. Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletić, M. Persic, M. Pihet, G. Pirola, F. Podobnik, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, G. Principe, C. Priyadarshi, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, F. G. Saturni, B. Schleicher, K. Schmidt, F. Schmuckermaier, J. L. Schubert, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, V. Sliusar, D. Sobczynska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, J. Strišković, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, H. Tajima, M. Takahashi, R. Takeishi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, K. Terauchi, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, L. Tosti, S. Truzzi, A. Tutone, S. Ubach, J. van Scherpenberg, M. Vazquez Acosta, S. Ventura, V. Verguilov, I. Viale, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, R. Walter, M. Will, C. Wunderlich, T. Yamamoto, D. Zarić, The MAGIC Collaboration, M. Cerruti, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, G. Apolonio, R. Bachev, M. Baloković, E. Benítez, I. Björklund, V. Bozhilov, L. F. Brown, A. Bugg, W. Carbonell, M. I. Carnerero, D. Carosati, C. Casadio, W. Chamani, W. P. Chen, R. A. Chigladze, G. Damljanovic, K. Epps, A. Erkenov, M. Feige, J. Finke, A. Fuentes, K. Gazeas, M. Giroletti, T. S. Grishina, A. C. Gupta, M. A. Gurwell,, E. Heidemann, D. Hiriart, W. J. Hou, T. Hovatta, S. Ibryamov, M. D. Joner, S. G. Jorstad, J. Kania, S. Kiehlmann, G. N. Kimeridze, E. N. Kopatskaya, M. Kopp, M. Korte, B. Kotas, S. Koyama, J. A. Kramer, L. Kunkel, S. O. Kurtanidze, O. M. Kurtanidze, A. Lähteenmäki, J. M. López, V. M. Larionov, E. G. Larionova, L. V. Larionova, C. Leto, C. Lorey, R. Mújica, G. M. Madejski, N. Marchili, A. P. Marscher, M. Minev, A. Modaressi, D. A. Morozova, T. Mufakharov, I. Myserlis, A. A. Nikiforova, M. G. Nikolashvili, E. Ovcharov, M. Perri, C. M. Raiteri, A. C. S. Readhead, A. Reimer, D. Reinhart, S. Righini, K. Rosenlehner, A. C. Sadun, S. S. Savchenko, A. Scherbantin, L. Schneider, K. Schoch, D. Seifert, E. Semkov, L. A. Sigua, C. Singh, P. Sola, Y. Sotnikova, M. Spencer, R. Steineke, M. Stojanovic, A. Strigachev, M. Tornikoski, E. Traianou, A. Tramacere, Yu. V. Troitskaya, I. S. Troitskiy, J. B. Trump, A. Tsai, A. Valcheva, A. A. Vasilyev, F. Verrecchia, M. Villata, O. Vince, K. Vrontaki, Z. R. Weaver, E. Zaharieva, and N. Zottmann
Subjects: Active galaxies, BL Lacertae objects, Markarian galaxies, Active galactic nuclei, Blazars, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We study the broadband emission of Mrk 501 using multiwavelength observations from 2017 to 2020 performed with a multitude of instruments, involving, among others, MAGIC, Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT), NuSTAR, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. Mrk 501 showed an extremely low broadband activity, which may help to unravel its baseline emission. Nonetheless, significant flux variations are detected at all wave bands, with the highest occurring at X-rays and very-high-energy (VHE) γ -rays. A significant correlation (>3 σ ) between X-rays and VHE γ -rays is measured, supporting leptonic scenarios to explain the variable parts of the emission, also during low activity. This is further supported when we extend our data from 2008 to 2020, and identify, for the first time, significant correlations between the Swift X-Ray Telescope and Fermi-LAT. We additionally find correlations between high-energy γ -rays and radio, with the radio lagging by more than 100 days, placing the γ -ray emission zone upstream of the radio-bright regions in the jet. Furthermore, Mrk 501 showed a historically low activity in X-rays and VHE γ -rays from mid-2017 to mid-2019 with a stable VHE flux (>0.2 TeV) of 5% the emission of the Crab Nebula. The broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of this 2 yr long low state, the potential baseline emission of Mrk 501, can be characterized with one-zone leptonic models, and with (lepto)-hadronic models fulfilling neutrino flux constraints from IceCube. We explore the time evolution of the SED toward the low state, revealing that the stable baseline emission may be ascribed to a standing shock, and the variable emission to an additional expanding or traveling shock.
Published: 2023
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2. Trait and state anxiety as factors of threshold and tolerance to experimentally induced pain

Author: B. Petrova, K. Mineva, M. Petkova, V. Nikolov, M. Minev, and R. Strebkova
Subjects: cold pressor test, pain threshold, pain tolerance, state and trait anxiety, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: Pain is an experience that has physical, psychological and social aspects. Sensitivity to pain is individual and depends on psychological factors. Studies have shown that anxiety is associated with the perception of experimentally induced pain. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between anxiety, threshold and tolerance to experimentally induced pain in healthy persons. METHODS: 35 healthy persons at the age from 19 to 39, 20 women and 15 men were examined. Methods: Spielberger’s questionnaire, Cold pressor test, Visual Analog Scale for Pain, Descriptive statistics, Correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney’s Test. RESULTS: Significant differences in tolerance to pain were identified depending on the levels of state anxiety (U=12.5, Р=0.037). The state anxiety was greatly related to the intensity of the pain experienced. (Spearman rho=0.49, P=0.008). Significant differences were not found in threshold, tolerance and intensity of pain depending on the levels of trait anxiety in the examined people. CONCLUSIONS: The increased levels of state anxiety in healthy persons exposed to experimentally induced pain suggest a weaker endurance to pain and perceiving it as stronger.
Published: 2018
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3. Self-esteem and depression in adolescents

Author: M. Minev
Subjects: self-esteem, adolescence, depression, interrelation, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: PURPOSE. The article looks at self-esteem and depression during adolescence. It is a theoretical study of the relationship between depression and self-esteem. There are types of self-esteem, self-esteem by gender and age. The theories of depression in adolescence, as well as the factors leading to depression, are examined. Several scales for assessing depression are presented. In view of the application of the main features of self-esteem and depression, their intersections in practical context are examined.
Published: 2018
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4. Self-esteem in adolescents

Author: M. Minev, B. Petrova, K. Mineva, M. Petkova, and R. Strebkova
Subjects: self-esteem, adolescence, academic achievement, self-perception, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: PURPOSE. Self-esteem is an overall evaluation of the person’s value, expressed in a positive or negative orientation towards himself. Its development starts from birth and is constantly changing under the influence of experience (1). Especially important is the role of self-esteem in the process of adolescence. During this period, it correlates with both academic achievement and mental health. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between academic achievement and self-esteem among teenagers. Forty 14-year-old students (20 boys and 20 girls) with excellent, very good and good results in school were examined. Methods: Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) (2). The study results show that girls have significantly more negative attitudes towards themselves (x = 32.25) comparing with boys (x = 25.14). These results support the need for further research to explore how individual and contextual factors affect the development of self-esteem over the school years.
Published: 2018
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5. Body awareness and responses to experimentally Induced pain

Author: M. Minev, M. Petkova, B. Petrova, and R. Strebkova
Subjects: Body awareness, experimental pain, cold pressor test, pain tolerance, pain threshold, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to discuss personal and demographic factors that influence the relationship between physical activity and awareness of one's own body, as well as the pain response (threshold and tolerance of pain), situational anxiety and personality. In the study 38 healthy individual- volunteers, students in Trakia University - Stara Zagora were selected. All participants were divided into two groups: actively involved in individual or team sport (n = 19) and healthy normaly active subjects (non-athletes, n = 19). The age of the study participants ranged between 18 and 39 years, while the gender breakdown was as follows: men - 22 women – 16. Methods: Psychological Questionnaires: Body Awareness Questionnaire that asks subjects to rate, on a 4 point scale, the degree to which they were currently experiencing symptoms of sympathetic arousal, State Trait Anger Scale, and State Trait Anxiety Scale. Objective methods (cold pressure test) are used only to determine the pain sensation and pain tolerance thresholds. The results of investigation support significant differences between athletes and non-athletes in pain thershold, body awareness and anxiety. The study conclusions discuss body awareness as an increasing factor for pain resistance in athletes and as an integral part of the learning process among them.
Published: 2017
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6. Assessment of cancer related fatigue

Author: R. Strebkova, M. Petkova, and M. Minev
Subjects: Сancer, Fatigue, Assessment, Anxiety, Depression, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common and significant symptoms experienced by cancer patients. The cancer-related fatigue can occur at any stage of the disease or its treatment and has an impact on patient's quality of life, regarding physical functioning and the ability to perform activities of daily living. In addition, it is associated with psychological distress. There is no agreement between various authors about the definition and measurement of cancer-related fatigue. There is a range of scales which measure cancer-related fatigue based on unidimensional or multi-dimensional perspective. This review aims to identify available tools applied in practice for the measurement and evaluation of cancer-related fatigue and discusses important conceptual and psychometric characteristics of these instruments.
Published: 2017
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7. Multiwavelength study of the gravitationally lensed blazar QSO B0218+357 between 2016 and 2020

Author: V A Acciari, S Ansoldi, L A Antonelli, A Arbet Engels, M Artero, K Asano, D Baack, A Babić, A Baquero, U Barres de Almeida, J A Barrio, I Batković, J Becerra González, W Bednarek, L Bellizzi, E Bernardini, M Bernardos, A Berti, J Besenrieder, W Bhattacharyya, C Bigongiari, A Biland, O Blanch, G Bonnoli, Ž Bošnjak, G Busetto, R Carosi, G Ceribella, M Cerruti, Y Chai, A Chilingarian, S Cikota, S M Colak, E Colombo, J L Contreras, J Cortina, S Covino, G D’Amico, V D’Elia, P Da Vela, F Dazzi, A De Angelis, B De Lotto, M Delfino, J Delgado, C Delgado Mendez, D Depaoli, F Di Pierro, L Di Venere, E Do Souto Espiñeira, D Dominis Prester, A Donini, D Dorner, M Doro, D Elsaesser, V Fallah Ramazani, A Fattorini, G Ferrara, M V Fonseca, L Font, C Fruck, S Fukami, R J García López, M Garczarczyk, S Gasparyan, M Gaug, N Giglietto, F Giordano, P Gliwny, N Godinović, J G Green, D Green, D Hadasch, A Hahn, L Heckmann, J Herrera, J Hoang, D Hrupec, M Hütten, T Inada, S Inoue, K Ishio, Y Iwamura, I Jiménez, J Jormanainen, L Jouvin, Y Kajiwara, M Karjalainen, D Kerszberg, Y Kobayashi, H Kubo, J Kushida, A Lamastra, D Lelas, F Leone, E Lindfors, S Lombardi, F Longo, R López-Coto, M López-Moya, A López-Oramas, S Loporchio, B Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C Maggio, P Majumdar, M Makariev, M Mallamaci, G Maneva, M Manganaro, K Mannheim, L Maraschi, M Mariotti, M Martínez, D Mazin, S Menchiari, S Mender, S Mićanović, D Miceli, T Miener, M Minev, J M Miranda, R Mirzoyan, E Molina, A Moralejo, D Morcuende, V Moreno, E Moretti, V Neustroev, C Nigro, K Nilsson, K Nishijima, K Noda, S Nozaki, Y Ohtani, T Oka, J Otero-Santos, S Paiano, M Palatiello, D Paneque, R Paoletti, J M Paredes, L Pavletić, P Peñil, C Perennes, M Persic, P G Prada Moroni, E Prandini, C Priyadarshi, I Puljak, W Rhode, M Ribó, J Rico, C Righi, A Rugliancich, L Saha, N Sahakyan, T Saito, S Sakurai, K Satalecka, F G Saturni, B Schleicher, K Schmidt, T Schweizer, J Sitarek, I Šnidarić, D Sobczynska, A Spolon, A Stamerra, D Strom, M Strzys, Y Suda, T Surić, M Takahashi, F Tavecchio, P Temnikov, T Terzić, M Teshima, L Tosti, S Truzzi, A Tutone, S Ubach, J van Scherpenberg, G Vanzo, M Vazquez Acosta, S Ventura, V Verguilov, C F Vigorito, V Vitale, I Vovk, M Will, C Wunderlich, D Zarić, F de Palma, F D’Ammando, A Barnacka, D K Sahu, M Hodges, T Hovatta, S Kiehlmann, W Max-Moerbeck, A C S Readhead, R Reeves, T J Pearson, A Lähteenmäki, I Björklund, M Tornikoski, J Tammi, S Suutarinen, K Hada, and K Niinuma
Published: 2021
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8. Multiwavelength behaviour of the blazar 3C 279: decade-long study from γ-ray to radio

Author: V M Larionov, S G Jorstad, A P Marscher, M Villata, C M Raiteri, P S Smith, I Agudo, S S Savchenko, D A Morozova, J A Acosta-Pulido, M F Aller, H D Aller, T S Andreeva, A A Arkharov, R Bachev, G Bonnoli, G A Borman, V Bozhilov, P Calcidese, M I Carnerero, D Carosati, C Casadio, W-P Chen, G Damljanovic, A V Dementyev, A Di Paola, A Frasca, A Fuentes, J L Gómez, P Gónzalez-Morales, A Giunta, T S Grishina, M A Gurwell, V A Hagen-Thorn, T Hovatta, S Ibryamov, M Joshi, S Kiehlmann, J-Y Kim, G N Kimeridze, E N Kopatskaya, Yu A Kovalev, Y Y Kovalev, O M Kurtanidze, S O Kurtanidze, A Lähteenmäki, C Lázaro, L V Larionova, E G Larionova, G Leto, A Marchini, K Matsumoto, B Mihov, M Minev, M G Mingaliev, D Mirzaqulov, R V Muñoz Dimitrova, I Myserlis, A A Nikiforova, M G Nikolashvili, N A Nizhelsky, E Ovcharov, L D Pressburger, I A Rakhimov, S Righini, N Rizzi, K Sadakane, A C Sadun, M R Samal, R Z Sanchez, E Semkov, S G Sergeev, L A Sigua, L Slavcheva-Mihova, P Sola, Yu V Sotnikova, A Strigachev, C Thum, E Traianou, Yu V Troitskaya, I S Troitsky, P G Tsybulev, A A Vasilyev, O Vince, Z R Weaver, K E Williamson, and G V Zhekanis
Published: 2020
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9. Investigating the multiwavelength behaviour of the flat spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013–2017

Author: F D’Ammando, C M Raiteri, M Villata, J A Acosta-Pulido, I Agudo, A A Arkharov, R Bachev, G V Baida, E Benítez, G A Borman, W Boschin, V Bozhilov, M S Butuzova, P Calcidese, M I Carnerero, D Carosati, C Casadio, N Castro-Segura, W-P Chen, G Damljanovic, A Di Paola, J Echevarría, N V Efimova, Sh A Ehgamberdiev, C Espinosa, A Fuentes, A Giunta, J L Gómez, T S Grishina, M A Gurwell, D Hiriart, H Jermak, B Jordan, S G Jorstad, M Joshi, G N Kimeridze, E N Kopatskaya, K Kuratov, O M Kurtanidze, S O Kurtanidze, A Lähteenmäki, V M Larionov, E G Larionova, L V Larionova, C Lázaro, C S Lin, M P Malmrose, A P Marscher, K Matsumoto, B McBreen, R Michel, B Mihov, M Minev, D O Mirzaqulov, S N Molina, J W Moody, D A Morozova, S V Nazarov, A A Nikiforova, M G Nikolashvili, J M Ohlert, N Okhmat, E Ovcharov, F Pinna, T A Polakis, C Protasio, T Pursimo, F J Redondo-Lorenzo, N Rizzi, G Rodriguez-Coira, K Sadakane, A C Sadun, M R Samal, S S Savchenko, E Semkov, L Sigua, B A Skiff, L Slavcheva-Mihova, P S Smith, I A Steele, A Strigachev, J Tammi, C Thum, M Tornikoski, Yu V Troitskaya, I S Troitsky, A A Vasilyev, O Vince, T Hovatta, S Kiehlmann, W Max-Moerbeck, A C S Readhead, R Reeves, T J Pearson, T Mufakharov, Yu V Sotnikova, and M G Mingaliev
Published: 2019
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10. The beamed jet and quasar core of the distant blazar 4C 71.07

Author: C M Raiteri, M Villata, M I Carnerero, J A Acosta-Pulido, D O Mirzaqulov, V M Larionov, P Romano, S Vercellone, I Agudo, A A Arkharov, U Bach, R Bachev, S Baitieri, G A Borman, W Boschin, V Bozhilov, M S Butuzova, P Calcidese, D Carosati, C Casadio, W-P Chen, G Damljanovic, A Di Paola, V T Doroshenko, N V Efimova, Sh A Ehgamberdiev, M Giroletti, J L Gómez, T S Grishina, S Ibryamov, H Jermak, S G Jorstad, G N Kimeridze, S A Klimanov, E N Kopatskaya, O M Kurtanidze, S O Kurtanidze, A Lähteenmäki, E G Larionova, A P Marscher, B Mihov, M Minev, S N Molina, J W Moody, D A Morozova, S V Nazarov, A A Nikiforova, M G Nikolashvili, E Ovcharov, S Peneva, S Righini, N Rizzi, A C Sadun, M R Samal, S S Savchenko, E Semkov, L A Sigua, L Slavcheva-Mihova, I A Steele, A Strigachev, M Tornikoski, Yu V Troitskaya, I S Troitsky, and O Vince
Published: 2019
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11. Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies of Mrk 421 During Historically Low X-ray and Y-ray Activity in 2015–2016

Author: Janeth Valverde Quispe, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, K. Asano, A. Babic, B. Banerjee, A. Baquero, U.BarresdeAlmeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra Gonzalez, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Z. Bosnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, M. Cerruti, Y. Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Depaoli, T. Di Girolamo, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espineira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, M. Doro, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, G. Ferrara, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, R. J. Garcıa Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinovic, J. G. Green, D. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, L. Heckmann, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hutten, T. Inada, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, J. Jormanainen, L. Jouvin, Y. Kajiwara, M. Karjalainen, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. Lopez, R. Lopez-Coto, A. Lopez-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martınez, D. Mazin, S. Mender, S. Micanovic, D. Miceli, T. Miener, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover, V. Neustroev, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, J. Otero-Santos, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletic, P. P enil, C. Perennes, M. Persic, P. G . Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, C. Priyadarshi, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribo, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, B. Schleicher, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Suric, M. Takahashi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Alba, L. Tosti, S. Truzzi, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, S. Ventura, V. Verguilov, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, D. Zaric, A. Arbet-Engels, D. Baack, M. Balbo, M. Beck, N. Biederbeck, A. Biland, T. Bretz, K. Bruegge, J. Buss, D. Dorner, D. Elsaesser, D. Hildebrand, R. Iotov, M. Klinger, K. Mannheim, D. Neise, A. Neronov, M. Noethe, A. Paravac, V. Sliusar, F. Theissen, R. Walter, J. Valverde, D. Horan, M. Giroletti, M. Perri, F. Verrecchia, C. Leto, A. C. Sadun, J. W. Moody, M. Joner, A. P. Marscher, S. G. Jorstad, A. Lahteenmaki, M. Tornikoski, V. Ramakrishnan, E. Jarvela, R. J. C. Vera, S. Righini, and A.Y.Lien
Subjects: Astronomy
Abstract: We report a characterization of the multiband flux variability and correlations of the nearby (z=0.031) blazar Markarian 421(Mrk 421) using data from Mets ̈ahovi, Swift, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, FACT, and other collaborations and instruments from 2014November till 2016 June. Mrk 421 did not show any prominent flaring activity, but exhibited periods of historically low activity above 1 TeV (F>1TeV<1.7×10−12ph cm−2s−1) and in the 2–10 keV (X-ray) band (F2−10 keV<3.6×10−11erg cm−2s−1),during which the Swift-BAT data suggest an additional spectral component beyond the regular synchrotron emission. The highest flux variability occurs in X-rays and very high-energy (E>0.1 TeV)γ-rays, which, despite the low activity, show a significant positive correlation with no time lag. The HRkeV and HRTeV show the harder-when-brighter trend observed in many blazars, but the trend flattens at the highest fluxes, which suggests a change in the processes dominating the blazar variability. Enlarging our dataset with data from years 2007 to 2014, we measured a positive correlation between the optical and the GeV emission over a range of about 60 d centred at time lag zero, and a positive correlation between the optical/GeV and the radio emission over a range of about 60 d centred at a time lag of 43+9−6d. This observation is consistent with the radio-bright zone being located about 0.2 parsec downstream from the optical/GeV emission regions of the jet. The flux distributions are better described with a lognormal function in most of the energy bands probed, indicating that the variability in Mrk 421 is likely produced by a multiplicative process.
Published: 2020
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12. Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae

Author: S. G. Jorstad, A. P. Marscher, C. M. Raiteri, M. Villata, Z. R. Weaver, H. Zhang, L. Dong, J. L. Gómez, M. V. Perel, S. S. Savchenko, V. M. Larionov, D. Carosati, W. P. Chen, O. M. Kurtanidze, A. Marchini, K. Matsumoto, F. Mortari, P. Aceti, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, T. Andreeva, G. Apolonio, C. Arena, A. Arkharov, R. Bachev, M. Banfi, G. Bonnoli, G. A. Borman, V. Bozhilov, M. I. Carnerero, G. Damljanovic, S. A. Ehgamberdiev, D. Elsässer, A. Frasca, D. Gabellini, T. S. Grishina, A. C. Gupta, V. A. Hagen-Thorn, M. K. Hallum, M. Hart, K. Hasuda, F. Hemrich, H. Y. Hsiao, S. Ibryamov, T. R. Irsmambetova, D. V. Ivanov, M. D. Joner, G. N. Kimeridze, S. A. Klimanov, J. Knött, E. N. Kopatskaya, S. O. Kurtanidze, A. Kurtenkov, T. Kuutma, E. G. Larionova, S. Leonini, H. C. Lin, C. Lorey, K. Mannheim, G. Marino, M. Minev, D. O. Mirzaqulov, D. A. Morozova, A. A. Nikiforova, M. G. Nikolashvili, E. Ovcharov, R. Papini, T. Pursimo, I. Rahimov, D. Reinhart, T. Sakamoto, F. Salvaggio, E. Semkov, D. N. Shakhovskoy, L. A. Sigua, R. Steineke, M. Stojanovic, A. Strigachev, Y. V. Troitskaya, I. S. Troitskiy, A. Tsai, A. Valcheva, A. A. Vasilyev, O. Vince, L. Waller, E. Zaharieva, R. Chatterjee, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and European Commission
Subjects: High-energy astrophysics, Multidisciplinary, Astrophysical magnetic fields, High-energy astrophysics, Time-domain astronomy, Time-domain astronomy, Astrophysical magnetic fields
Abstract: Full list of authors: Jorstad, S. G.; Marscher, A. P.; Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Weaver, Z. R.; Zhang, H.; Dong, L.; Gomez, J. L.; Perel, M., V; Savchenko, S. S.; Larionov, V. M.; Carosati, D.; Chen, W. P.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Marchini, A.; Matsumoto, K.; Mortari, F.; Aceti, P.; Acosta-Pulido, J. A.; Andreeva, T.; Apolonio, G.; Arena, C.; Arkharov, A.; Bachev, R.; Bonnoli, G.; Borman, G. A.; Bozhilov, V; Carnerero, M., I; Damljanovic, G.; Ehgamberdiev, S. A.; Elsasser, D.; Frasca, A.; Gabellini, D.; Grishina, T. S.; Gupta, A. C.; Hagen-Thorn, V. A.; Hallum, M. K.; Hart, M.; Hasuda, K.; Hemrich, F.; Hsiao, H. Y.; Ibryamov, S.; Irsmambetova, T. R.; Ivanov, D., V; Joner, M. D.; Kimeridze, G. N.; Klimanov, S. A.; Knoett, J.; Kopatskaya, E. N.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Kurtenkov, A.; Kuutma, T.; Larionova, E. G.; Leonini, S.; Lin, H. C.; Lorey, C.; Mannheim, K.; Marino, G.; Minev, M.; Mirzaqulov, D. O.; Morozova, D. A.; Nikiforova, A. A.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Ovcharov, E.; Papini, R.; Pursimo, T.; Rahimov, I; Reinhart, D.; Sakamoto, T.; Salvaggio, F.; Semkov, E.; Shakhovskoy, D. N.; Sigua, L. A.; Steineke, R.; Stojanovic, M.; Strigachev, A.; Troitskaya, Y., V; Troitskiy, I. S.; Tsai, A.; Valcheva, A.; Vasilyev, A. A.; Vince, O.; Waller, L.; Zaharieva, E.; Chatterjee, R., Blazars are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets whose non-thermal radiation is extremely variable on various timescales1,2,3. This variability seems mostly random, although some quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), implying systematic processes, have been reported in blazars and other AGN. QPOs with timescales of days or hours are especially rare4 in AGN and their nature is highly debated, explained by emitting plasma moving helically inside the jet5, plasma instabilities6,7 or orbital motion in an accretion disc7,8. Here we report results of intense optical and γ-ray flux monitoring of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) during a dramatic outburst in 2020 (ref. 9). BL Lac, the prototype of a subclass of blazars10, is powered by a 1.7 × 108 MSun (ref. 11) black hole in an elliptical galaxy (distance = 313 megaparsecs (ref. 12)). Our observations show QPOs of optical flux and linear polarization, and γ-ray flux, with cycles as short as approximately 13 h during the highest state of the outburst. The QPO properties match the expectations of current-driven kink instabilities6 near a recollimation shock about 5 parsecs (pc) from the black hole in the wake of an apparent superluminal feature moving down the jet. Such a kink is apparent in a microwave Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) image. © 2022 Springer Nature Limited., The research reported here is based on work supported in part by US National Science Foundation grants AST-2108622 and AST-2107806, and NASA Fermi GI grants 80NSSC20K1567, 80NSSC21K1917 and 80NSSC21K1951; by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia under contract FR-19-6174; by the Bulgarian National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science under grants DN 18-10/2017, DN 18-13/2017, KP-06-H28/3 (2018), KP-06-H38/4 (2019) and KP-06-KITAJ/2 (2020), and by National RI Roadmap Project D01-383/18.12.2020 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria; by JSPS KAKENHI grant #19K03930 of Japan; by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract 451-03-9/2021-14/200002) and observing grant support from the Institute of Astronomy and Rozhen NAO BAS through the bilateral joint research project ‘Gaia Celestial Reference Frame (CRF) and fast variable astronomical objects’; by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) through contracts I/037/08/0, I/058/10/0, 2014-025-R.0, 2014-025-R.1.2015 and 2018-24-HH.0 to the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF). H.Z. is supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by ORAU. M.V.P. is partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant 20-02-00490. G.B. acknowledges support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709) and from the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacíon’ (MICINN) through grant PID2019-107847RB-C44. M.D.J. thanks the Brigham Young University Department of Physics and Astronomy for continued support of the extragalactic monitoring programme under way at the West Mountain Observatory. R.C. thanks ISRO for support under the AstroSat archival data utilization programme and BRNS for support through a project grant (sanction no. 57/14/10/2019-BRNS). The measurements at the Hans Haffner Observatory, Hettstadt, Germany, were supported by Baader Planetarium, Mammendorf, Germany. This study was based (in part) on observations conducted using the 1.8-m Perkins Telescope Observatory (PTO) in Arizona, USA, which is owned and operated by Boston University. These results made use of the Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) at Lowell Observatory. Lowell Observatory is a private, non-profit institution dedicated to astrophysical research and public appreciation of astronomy, and operates the LDT in partnership with Boston University, the University of Maryland and the University of Toledo. This paper is partly based on observations made with the IAC-80 operated on the island of Tenerife by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide and on observations made with the LCOGT telescopes, one of whose nodes is located at the Observatorios de Canarias del IAC on the island of Tenerife in the Observatorio del Teide. This paper is partly based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, owned in collaboration by the University of Turku and Aarhus University, and operated jointly by Aarhus University, the University of Turku and the University of Oslo, representing Denmark, Finland and Norway, the University of Iceland and Stockholm University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The VLBA is an instrument of the NRAO, USA. The NRAO is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.
Published: 2022

13. The optical behaviour of BL Lacertae at its maximum brightness levels: a blend of geometry and energetics

Author: C M Raiteri, M Villata, S G Jorstad, A P Marscher, J A Acosta Pulido, D Carosati, W P Chen, M D Joner, S O Kurtanidze, C Lorey, A Marchini, K Matsumoto, D O Mirzaqulov, S S Savchenko, A Strigachev, O Vince, P Aceti, G Apolonio, C Arena, A Arkharov, R Bachev, N Bader, M Banfi, G Bonnoli, G A Borman, V Bozhilov, L F Brown, W Carbonell, M I Carnerero, G Damljanovic, V Dhiman, S A Ehgamberdiev, D Elsaesser, M Feige, D Gabellini, D Galán, G Galli, H Gaur, K Gazeas, T S Grishina, A C Gupta, V A Hagen-Thorn, M K Hallum, M Hart, K Hasuda, K Heidemann, B Horst, W-J Hou, S Ibryamov, R Z Ivanidze, M D Jovanovic, G N Kimeridze, S Kishore, S Klimanov, E N Kopatskaya, O M Kurtanidze, P Kushwaha, D J Lane, E G Larionova, S Leonini, H C Lin, K Mannheim, G Marino, M Minev, A Modaressi, D A Morozova, F Mortari, S V Nazarov, M G Nikolashvili, J Otero Santos, E Ovcharov, R Papini, V Pinter, C A Privitera, T Pursimo, D Reinhart, J Roberts, F D Romanov, K Rosenlehner, T Sakamoto, F Salvaggio, K Schoch, E Semkov, J Seufert, D Shakhovskoy, L A Sigua, C Singh, R Steineke, M Stojanovic, T Tripathi, Y V Troitskaya, I S Troitskiy, A Tsai, A Valcheva, A A Vasilyev, K Vrontaki, Z R Weaver, J H F Wooley, E Zaharieva, and A V Zhovtan
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: In 2021 BL Lacertae underwent an extraordinary activity phase, which was intensively followed by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration. We present the WEBT optical data in the BVRI bands acquired at 36 observatories around the world. In mid 2021 the source showed its historical maximum, with R = 11.14. The light curves display many episodes of intraday variability, whose amplitude increases with source brightness, in agreement with a geometrical interpretation of the long-term flux behaviour. This is also supported by the long-term spectral variability, with an almost achromatic trend with brightness. In contrast, short-term variations are found to be strongly chromatic and are ascribed to energetic processes in the jet. We also analyse the optical polarimetric behaviour, finding evidence of a strong correlation between the intrinsic fast variations in flux density and those in polarisation degree, with a time delay of about 13 h. This suggests a common physical origin. The overall behaviour of the source can be interpreted as the result of two mechanisms: variability on time scales greater than several days is likely produced by orientation effects, while either shock waves propagating in the jet, or magnetic reconnection, possibly induced by kink instabilities in the jet, can explain variability on shorter time scales. The latter scenario could also account for the appearance of quasi-periodic oscillations, with periods from a few days to a few hours, during outbursts, when the jet is more closely aligned with our line of sight and the time scales are shortened by relativistic effects., Comment: 15 pages, 16 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2023
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14. Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst

Author: P. Veres, P. N. Bhat, M. S. Briggs, W. H. Cleveland, R. Hamburg, C. M. Hui, B. Mailyan, R. D. Preece, O. J. Roberts, A. von Kienlin, C. A. Wilson-Hodge, D. Kocevski, M. Arimoto, D. Tak, K. Asano, M. Axelsson, G. Barbiellini, E. Bissaldi, F.Fana Dirirsa, R. Gill, J. Granot, J. McEnery, N. Omodei, S. Razzaque, F. Piron, J. L. Racusin, D. J. Thompson, S. Campana, M. G. Bernardini, N. P. M. Kuin, M. H. Siegel, S. B. Cenko, P. O’Brien, M. Capalbi, A. Daì, M. De Pasquale, J. Gropp, N. Klingler, J. P. Osborne, M. Perri, R. L. C. Starling, G. Tagliaferri, A. Tohuvavohu, A. Ursi, M.Tavani, M. Cardillo, C. Casentini, G. Piano, Y. Evangelista, F. Verrecchia, C. Pittori, F. Lucarelli, A. Bulgarelli, N. Parmiggiani, G. E. Anderson, J. P. Anderson, G. Bernardi, J. Bolmer, M. D. Caballero-García, I. M. Carrasco, A. Castellón, N. Castro Segura, A. J. Castro-Tirado, S. V. Cherukuri, A. M. Cockeram, P. D’Avanzo, A. Di Dato, R. Diretse, R. P. Fender, E. Fernández-García, J. P. U. Fynbo, A. S.Fruchter, J. Greiner, M. Gromadzki, K. E. Heintz, I. Heywood, A. J. van der Horst, Y.-D. Hu, C. Inserra, L. Izzo, V. Jaiswal, P. Jakobsson, J. Japelj, E. Kankare, D. A.Kann, C. Kouveliotou, S. Klose, A. J. Levan, X. Y. Li, S. Lotti, K. Maguire, D. B. Malesani, I. Manulis, M. Marongiu, S. Martin, A. Melandri, M. J.Michałowski, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, K. Misra, A. Moin, K. P. Mooley, S. Nasri, M. Nicholl, A. Noschese, G. Novara, S. B. Pandey, E. Peretti, C. J. Pérez del Pulgar, M. A. Pérez-Torres, D. A. Perley, L. Piro, F. Ragosta, L. Resmi, R. Ricci, A. Rossi, R. Sánchez-Ramírez, J. Selsing, S. Schulze, S. J. Smartt, I. A. Smith, V. V. Sokolov, J. Stevens, N. R. Tanvir, C. C. Thöne, A. Tiengo, E. Tremou, E. Troja, A. de Ugarte Postigo, A. F. Valeev, S. D. Vergani, M. Wieringa, P. A. Woudt, D. Xu, O. Yaron, D. R. Young, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, D. Baack, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, A. Chilingaryan, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, U. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, G. Ferrara, D. Fidalgo, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S.Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, N. Godinović, D. Green, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, T. Inada, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, L. Jouvin, D. Kerszberg, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, R. López-Coto, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover, V. Neustroev, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogués, S. Nozaki, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, P. Peñil, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczynska, A. Somero, A. Stamerra, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, M. Takahashi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Albà, L. Tosti, V. Vagelli, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, D. Zarić, and L. Nava
Subjects: Space Sciences (General)
Abstract: Long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from ultra-relativistic jets launched from the collapsing cores of dying massive stars. They are characterized by an initial phase of bright and highly variable radiation in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt band, which is probably produced within the jet and lasts from milliseconds to minutes, known as the prompt emission. Subsequently, the interaction of the jet with the surrounding medium generates shock waves that are responsible for the afterglow emission, which lasts from days to months and occurs over a broad energy range from the radio to the gigaelectronvolt bands. The afterglow emission is generally well explained as synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons accelerated by the external shock. Recently, intense long-lasting emission between 0.2 and 1 teraelectronvolts was observed from GRB 190114C. Here we report multifrequency observations of GRB 190114C, and study the evolution in time of the GRB emission across 17 orders of magnitude in energy, from 5 × 10^(−6) to 10^(12) electronvolts. We find that the broadband spectral energy distribution is double-peaked, with the teraelectronvolt emission constituting a distinct spectral component with power comparable to the synchrotron component. This component is associated with the afterglow and is satisfactorily explained by inverse Compton up-scattering of synchrotron photons by high-energy electrons. We find that the conditions required to account for the observed teraelectronvolt component are typical for GRBs, supporting the possibility that inverse Compton emission is commonly produced in GRBs.
Published: 2019
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15. MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources

Author: M. L. Ahnen, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, C. Arcaro, D. Baack, A. Babic, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra Gonzalez, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, R. Ch. Berse, A. Berti, W. Bhattacharyya, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, G. Ceribella, A. Chatterjee, S. M. Colak, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Cumani, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, F. Di Pierro, A. Domınguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fernandez-Barral, D. Fidalgo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, R. J. Garcıa Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, P. Giammaria, N. Godinovic, D. Gora, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, K. Ishio, Y. Konno, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, D. Kuvezdic, D. Lelas, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. Lopez, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martınez, S. Masuda, D. Mazin, K. Mielke, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, A. Moralejo, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, T. Nagayoshi, V. Neustroev, A. Niedzwiecki, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogues, S. Paiano, J. Palacio, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, G. Pedaletti, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, J. R. Garcia, I. Reichardt, W. Rhodes, M. Ribo, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, T. Saito, K. Satalecka, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, M. Strzys, T. Suric, M. Takahashi, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Alba, A. Treves, S. Tsujimoto, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, I. Vovk, J. E. Ward, M. Will, D. Zaric, A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, R. Arceo, J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, A. Becerril, E. Belmont-Moreno, S. Y. BenZvi, A. Bernal, J. Braun, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistran, A. Carraminana, S. Casanova, M. Castillo, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutino de Leon, C. De Leon, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, S. Dichiara, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Dıaz-Velez, R. W. Ellsworth, K. Engel, O. Enriquez-Rivera, D. W. Fiorino, H. Fleischhack, N. Fraija, J. A. Garcıa-Gonzalez, F. Garfias, A. Gonzalez-Munoz, M. M. Gonzalez, J. A. Goodman, Z. Hampel-Arias, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, C. M. Hui, P. Huntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, R. J. Lauer, W. H. Lee, D. Lennarz, H. Leon Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, R. Luna-Garcıa, R. Lopez-Coto, K. Malone, S. S. Marinelli, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, J. Martınez-Castro, H. Martınez-Huerta, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Pelayo, J. Pretz, E. G. Perez-Perez, Z. Ren, C. D. Rho, C. Riviere, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, M. Rosenberg, E. Ruiz-Velasco, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, M. Seglar Arroyo, G. Sinnis, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, P. Surajbali, I. Taboada, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, T. N. Ukwatta, G. Vianello, L. Villasenor, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, J. Wood, T. Yapici, G. Yodh, A. Zepeda, H. Zhou, J. D. Alvarez, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, T. J. Brandt, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, D. Castro, E. Cavazzuti, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, D. Costantin, F. D'Ammando, F. de Palma, A. Desai, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro, L. Di Venere, C. Favuzzi, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, D. Horan, G. Johannesson, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, I. Liodakis, F. Loparco, P. Lubrano, J. D. Magill, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, E. Nuss, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Palatiello, V. S. Paliya, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Raino, B. Rani, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, C. Sgro, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, H. Tajima, J. B. Thayer, David J Thompson, D. F. Torres, E. Torresi, E. Troja, J. Valverde, K. Wood, and M. Yassine
Subjects: Astronomy, Astrophysics
Abstract: The HAWC Collaboration released the 2HWC catalogue of TeV sources, in which 19 show no association with any known high-energy (HE; E ≳ 10 GeV) or very-high-energy (VHE; E ≳ 300 GeV) sources. This catalogue motivated follow-up studies by both the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) and Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) observatories with the aim of investigating gamma-ray emission over a broad energy band. In this paper, we report the results from the first joint work between High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), MAGIC, and Fermi-LAT on three unassociated HAWC sources: 2HWC J2006+341, 2HWC J1907+084*, and 2HWC J1852+013*. Although no significant detection was found in the HE and VHE regimes, this investigation shows that a minimum 1° extension (at 95 per cent confidence level) and harder spectrum in the GeV than the one extrapolated from HAWC results are required in the case of 2HWC J1852+013*, whilst a simply minimum extension of 0.16° (at 95 per cent confidence level) can already explain the scenario proposed by HAWC for the remaining sources. Moreover, the hypothesis that these sources are pulsar wind nebulae is also investigated in detail.
Published: 2019
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16. Cherenkov Telescope Array : the World’s largest VHE gamma-ray observatory

Author: Roberta Zanin, H. Abdalla, H. Abe, S. Abe, A. Abusleme, F. Acero, A. Acharyya, V. Acin Portella, K. Ackley, R. Adam, C. Adams, S.S. Adhikari, I. Aguado Ruesga, I. Agudo, R. Aguilera, A. Aguirre Santaella, F. Aharonian, A. Alberdi, R. Alfaro, J. Alfaro, C. Alispach, R. Aloisio, R. Alves Batista, J.P. Amans, L. Amati, E. Amato, L. Ambrogi, G. Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, R. Ammendola, J. Anderson, M. Anduze, E.O. Anguner, L.A. Antonelli, V. Antonuccio, P. Antoranz, R. Anutarawiramkul, J. Aragunde Gutierrez, C. Aramo, A. Araudo, M. Araya, A. Arbet Engels, C. Arcaro, V. Arendt, C. Armand, T. Armstrong, F. Arqueros, L. Arrabito, B. Arsioli, M. Artero, K. Asano, Y. Ascasibar, J. Aschersleben, M. Ashley, P. Attina, P. Aubert, C. B. Singh, D. Baack, A. Babic, M. Backes, V. Baena, S. Bajtlik, A. Baktash, C. Balazs, M. Balbo, O. Ballester, J. Ballet, B. Balmaverde, A. Bamba, R. Bandiera, A. Baquero Larriva, P. Barai, C. Barbier, V. Barbosa Martins, M. Barcelo, M. Barkov, M. Barnard, L. Baroncelli, U. Barres de Almeida, J.A. Barrio, D. Bastieri, P.I. Batista, I. Batkovic, C. Bauer, R. Bautista González, J. Baxter, U. Becciani, J. Becerra González, Y. Becherini, G. Beck, J. Becker Tjus, W. Bednarek, A. Belfiore, L. Bellizzi, R. Belmont, W. Benbow, D. Berge, E. Bernardini, M.I. Bernardos, K. Bernlöhr, A. Berti, M. Berton, B. Bertucci, V. Beshley, N. Bhatt, S. Bhattacharyya, W. Bhattacharyya, B. Y. Bi, G. Bicknell, N. Biederbeck, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. Bird, E. Bissaldi, J. Biteau, M. Bitossi, O. Blanch, M. Blank, J. Blazek, J. Bobin, C. Boccato, F. Bocchino, C. Boehm, M. Bohacova, C. Boisson, J. Boix, J.P. Bolle, J. Bolmont, G. Bonanno, C. Bonavolontà, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, J. Borkowski, R. Bose, D. Bose, Z. Bosnjak, E. Bottacini, Markus Böttcher, M.T. Botticella, C. Boutonnet, F. Bouyjou, V. Bozhilov, E. Bozzo, L. Brahimi, C. Braiding, S. Brau Nogue, S. Breen, J. Bregeon, M. Breuhaus, A. Brill, W. Brisken, E. Brocato, A.M. Brown, K. Brügge, P. Brun, F. Brun, L. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, P. Bruno, A. Bruno, A. Bruzzese, N. Bucciantini, J. H. Buckley, R. Bühler, A. Bulgarelli, T. Bulik, M. Bünning, M. Bunse, M. Burton, A. Burtovoi, M. Buscemi, S. Buschjager, G. Busetto, J. Buss, K. Byrum, A. Caccianiga, F. Cadoux, A. Calanducci, C. Calderon, J. Calvo Tovar, R. A. Cameron, P. Campana, R. Canestrari, F. Cangemi, B. Cantlay, M. Capalbi, M. Capasso, M. Cappi, A. Caproni, R. Capuzzo Dolcetta, P. Caraveo, V. Cárdenas, L. Cardiel, M. Cardillo, C. Carlile, S. Caroff, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, E. Carquin, M. Carrere, J.M. Casandjian, S. Casanova, F. Cassol, F. Catalani, O. Catalano, D. Cauz, A. Ceccanti, C. Celestino Silva, K. Cerny, M. Cerruti, E. Chabanne, P. Chadwick, Y. Chai, P. Chambery, C. Champion, S. Chaty, A. Chen, K. Cheng, M. Chernyakova, G. Chiaro, A. Chiavassa, M. Chikawa, V.R. Chitnis, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, S. Cikota, A. Circiello, P. Clark, M. Colak, E. Colombo, S. Colonges, A. Comastri, A. Compagnino, V. Conforti, E. Congiu, R. Coniglione, J. Conrad, F. Conte, J.L. Contreras, P. Coppi, R. Cornat, J. Coronado Blazquez, J. Cortina, A. Costa, H. Costantini, G. Cotter, B. Courty, S. Covino, S. Crestan, P. Cristofari, R. Crocker, J. Croston, K. Cubuk, O. Cuevas, X. Cui, G. Cusumano, S. Cutini, G. D'Amico, F. D'Ammando, P. D'Avanzo, P. Da Vela, M. Dadina, S. Dai, M. Dalchenko, M. Dall'Ora, M.K. Daniel, J. Dauguet, I. Davids, J. Davies, B. Dawson, A. De Angelis, A.E. de Araujo Carvalho, M. de Bony de Lavergne, G. De Cesare, F. de Frondat, I. de la Calle, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino, B. De Lotto, A. De Luca, D. De Martino, M. de Naurois, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, F. De Palma Persio, N. De Simone, V. de Souza Valle, E. Delagnes, G. Deleglise Reznicek, C. Delgado, A.G. Delgado Giler, J. Delgado Mengual Valle, Domenico Della Volpe, D. Depaoli, J. Devin, T. Di Girolamo, C. Di Giulio Pierro, L. Di Venere, C. Díaz, C. Dib, S. Diebold, S. Digel, A. Djannati Atai, J. Djuvsland, A. Dmytriiev, K. Docher, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, Rita Cassia dos Anjos, J.L. Dournaux, T. Downes, G. Drake, H. Drass, D. Dravins, C. Duangchan, A. Duara, G. Dubus, L. Ducci, C. Duffy, D. Dumora, K. Dundas Mora, A. Durkalec, V.V. Dwarkadas, J. Ebr, C. Eckner, J. Eder, E. Edy, K. Egberts, S. Einecke, C. Eleftheriadis, D. Elsässer, G. Emery, D. Emmanoulopoulos, J.P. Ernenwein, M. Errando, P. Escarate, J. Escudero, C. Espinoza, S. Ettori, A. Eungwanichayapant, P. Evans, C. Evoli, M. Fairbairn, D. Falceta Goncalves, A. Falcone, V. Fallah Ramazanı, R. Falomo, K. Farakos, G. Fasola, A. Fattorini, Y. Favre, R. Fedora, E. Fedorova, K. Feijen, Q. Feng, G. Ferrand, G. Ferrara, O. Ferreira, M. Fesquet, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, M. Filipovic, D. Fink, J.P. Finley, V. Fioretti, D.F.G. Fiorillo, M. Fiorini, S. Flis, H. Flores, L. Foffano, C. Fohr, M.V. Fonseca, L. Font, G. Fontaine, O. Fornieri, P. Fortin, L. Fortson, N. Fouque, B. Fraga, A. Franceschini, F.J. Franco, L. Freixas Coromina, L. Fresnillo, D. Fugazza, Y. Fujita, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, D. Fulla, S. Funk, A. Furniss, S. Gabici, D. Gaggero, G. Galanti, P. Galdemard, Y. A. Gallant, D. Galloway, S. Gallozzi, V. Gammaldi, R. Garcia, L. E. García-Muñoz, E. Garcia Lopez, F. Gargano, C. Gargano, S. Garozzo, D. Gascon, T. Gasparetto, D. Gasparrini, H. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Geffroy, A. Gent, S. Germani, A. Ghalumyan, A. Ghedina, G. Ghirlanda, F. Gianotti, S. Giarrusso, M. Giarrusso, G. Giavitto, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, V. Gika, F. Gillardo, R. Gimenes, F. Giordano, E. Giro, M. Giroletti, Andrea Giuliani, M. Gjaja, J.F. Glicenstein, P. Gliwny, H. Goksu, P. Goldoni, J.L. Gomez, M.M. Gonzalez, Juan Manuel Gonzalez, K.S. Gothe, D. Gotz Coelho, T. Grabarczyk, R. Graciani, P. Grandi, G. Grasseau, D. Grasso, D. Green, J. Green, T. Greenshaw, P. Grespan, A. Grillo, M.H. Grondin, J. Grube, V. Guarino, B. Guest, O. Gueta, M. Günduz, S. Gunji, G. Gyuk, J. Hackfeld, D. Hadasch, L. Hagge, A. Hahn, J.E. Hajlaoui, A. Halim, P. Hamal, W. Hanlon, Y. Harada, M.J. Hardcastle, M. Harvey Collado, T. Haubold, A. Haupt, M. Havelka, K. Hayashi, M. Hayashida, H. He, L. Heckmann, M. Heller, F. Henault, Gilles Henri, G. Hermann, S. Hernández Cadena, J. Herrera Llorente, O. Hervet, J. Hinton, A. Hiramatsu, K. Hirotani, B. Hnatyk, R. Hnatyk, J.K. Hoang, D. H.H. Hoffmann, C. Hoischen, J. Holder, M. Holler, B. Hona, D. Horan, Dieter Horns, P. Horvath, J. Houles, M. Hrabovsky, D. Hrupec, Y. Huang, J.‑M. Huet, G. Hughes, G. Hull, T.B. Humensky, M. Hütten, M. Iarlori, J.M. Illa, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, F. Incardona, A. Ingallinera, S. Inoue, T. Inoue, Y. Inoue, F. Iocco, K. Ioka, M. Ionica, S. Iovenitti, A. Iriarte, K. Ishio, W. Ishizaki, Y. Iwamura, J. Jacquemier, M. Jacquemont, M. Jamrozy, P. Janecek, F. Jankowsky, A. JardinBlicq, C. Jarnot, P. Jean Martínez, L. Jocou, N. Jordana, M. Josselin, I. JungRichardt, F.J.P.A. Junqueira, C. Juramy Gilles, P. Kaaret, L.H.S. Kadowaki, M. Kagaya, R. Kankanyan, D. Kantzas, V. Karas, A. Karastergiou, S. Karkar, J. Kasperek, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, K. Katarzynski, S. Katsuda, N. Kawanaka, D. Kazanas, D. Kerszberg, B. Khélifi, M.C. Kherlakian, T.P. Kian, D.B. Kieda, T. Kihm, S. Kim, S. Kisaka, R. Kissmann, R. Kleijwegt, G. Kluge, W. Kluźniak, J. Knapp, A. Kobakhidze, Y. Kobayashi, B. Koch, J. Kocot, K. Kohri, N. Komin, A. Kong, K. Kosack, F. Krack, M. Krause, F. Krennrich, H. Kubo, V. N. Kudryavtsev, S. Kunwar, J. Kushida, P. Kushwaha, Barbera Parola, G. La Rosa, R. Lahmann, A. Lamastra, M. Landoni, D. Landriu, R.G. Lang, J. Lapington, P. Laporte, P. Lason, J. Lasuik, J. Lazendic Galloway, T. Le Flour, P. Le Sidaner, S. Leach, S.H. Lee, W.H. Lee, S. Lee Oliveira, A. Lemiere, M. Lemoine Goumard, J.P. Lenain, F. Leone, V. Leray, G. Leto, F. Leuschner, R. Lindemann, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, I. Liodakis, A. Lipniacka, M. Lobo, Thomas Lohse, S. Lombardi, A. Lopez, M. Lopez, R. Lopez Coto, F. Louis, M. Louys, F. Lucarelli, H. Ludwig Boudi, P.L. Luque Escamilla, M.C. Maccarone, E. Mach, A.J. Maciejewski, J. Mackey, P. Maeght, C. Maggio, G. Maier, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, R. Malta Nunes de Almeida, D. Malyshev, D. Mandat, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, P. Manigot, K. Mannheim, N. Maragos, D. Marano, M. Marconi, A. Marcowith, M. Marculewicz, B. Marcun, J. Marin, N. Marinello, P. Marinos, S. Markoff, P. Marquez, G. Marsella, J. M. Martin, P. G. Martin, M. Martinez, G. Martinez, O. Martinez, H. Martinez Huerta, C. Marty, R. Marx, N. Masetti, P. Massimino, H. Matsumoto, N. Matthews, G. Maurin, W. Max Moerbeck, N. Maxted, M.N. Mazziotta, S.M. Mazzola, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, L. Mc Comb, I. McHardy, S. McKeague, S. McMuldroch, E. Medina, D. Medina Miranda, A. Melandri, C. Melioli, D. Melkumyan, S. Menchiari, S. Mereghetti, G. Merino Arevalo, E. Mestre, J.L. Meunier, T. Meures, S. Micanovic, M. Miceli, M. Michailidis, J. Michalowski, T. Miener, I. Mievre, J. D. Miller, T. Mineo, M. Minev, J.M. Miranda, A. Mitchell, T. Mizuno, B. A. Mode, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, E. Molinari, T. Montaruli, I. Monteiro, C. Moore, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende Parrilla, E. Moretti, K. Mori, P. Moriarty, K. Morik, P. Morris, A. Morselli, K. Mosshammer, R. Mukherjee, J. Muller, C. Mundell, J. Mundet, T. Murach, A. Muraczewski, H. Muraishi, I. Musella, A. Musumarra, A. Nagai, S. Nagataki, T. Naito, T. Nakamori, K. Nakashima, K. Nakayama, N. Nakhjiri, G. Naletto, D. Naumann, L. Nava, M.A. Nawaz, H. Ndiyavala, D. Neise, L. Nellen, R. Nemmen, N. Neyroud, K. Ngernphat, T. Nguyen Trung, L. Nicastro, L. Nickel, J. Niemiec, D. Nieto, C. Nigro, M. Nikołajuk, D. Ninci, K. Noda, Y. Nogami, S. Nolan, R. P. Norris, D. Nosek, M. Nöthe, V. Novotny, S. Nozaki, F. Nunio, P. O'Brien, K. Obara, Y. Ohira, M. Ohishi, S. Ohm, T. Oka, N. Okazaki, A. Okumura, C. Oliver, G. Olivera, B. Olmi, M. Orienti, R. Orito, M. Orlandini, E. Orlando, J.P. Osborne, M. Ostrowski, N. Otte, E. Ovcharov, E. Owen, I. Oya, A. Ozieblo, M. Padovani, A. Pagliaro, A. Paizis, M. Palatiello, M. Palatka, E. Palazzi, J.‑L. Panazol, D. Paneque, S. Panny, Francesca Romana Pantaleo, M. Panter, M. Paolillo, A. Papitto, A. Paravac, J.M. Paredes, G. Pareschi, N. Parmiggiani, R.D. Parsons, P. Paśko, S. R. Patel, B. Patricelli, L. Pavletic, S. Pavy, A. Peer, M. Pecimotika, M.G. Pellegriti, P. Peñil Del Campo, A. Pepato, S. Perard, C. Perennes, M. Peresano, A. Perez Aguilera, J. Perez Romero, M.A. Perez Torres, M. Persic, P. O. Petrucci, O. Petruk, B. Peyaud, K. Pfrang, E. Pian, P. Piatteli, E. Pietropaolo, R. Pillera, D. Pimentel, F. Pintore, C. Pio Garcia, G. Pirola, F. Piron, S. Pita, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Pollo, M. Polo, C. Pongkitivanichkul, J. Porthault, J. Powell, D. Pozo, R.R. Prado, E. Prandini, J. Prast, K. Pressard, G. Principe, N. Produit, D. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, H. Przybilski, E. Pueschel, G. Pühlhofer, I. Puljak, M.L. Pumo, M. Punch, F. Queiroz, J. Quinn, A. Quirrenbach, P.J. Rajda, R. Rando, S. Razzaque, S. Recchia, P. Reichherzer, O. Reimer, A. Reisenegger, Q. Remy, M. Renaud, T. Reposeur, B. Reville, J.M. Reymond, J. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, M. Ribo, G. Richards, J. Rico, F. Rieger, L. Riitano, M. Riquelme, D. Riquelme, S. Rivoire, V. Rizi, E. Roache, M. Roche, J. Rodriguez, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, J.J. Rodriguez Vazquez, G. Rojas, P. Romano, G. Romeo Lobato, C. Romoli, M. Roncadelli, J. Rosado, A. Rosales de Leon, G. Rowell, A. Rugliancich, J.E. Ruiz del Mazo, C. Rulten, C. Russell, F. Russo Hatlen, S. Safi Harb, L. Saha, V. Sahakian, S. Sailer, T. Saito, N. Sakaki, S. Sakurai, G. Salina, H. Salzmann, D. Sanchez, H. Sandaker, A. Sandoval, P. Sangiorgi, M. Sanguillon, H. Sano, M. Santander, A. Santangelo, R. Santos Lima, A. Sanuy, L. Sapozhnikov, T. Saric, S. Sarkar, H. Sasaki, N. Sasaki, Y. Sato, F.G. Saturni, M. Sawada, J. Schaefer, A. Scherer, J. Scherpenberg, P. Schipani, B. Schleicher, J. Schmoll, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovanek, F. Schussler, B. Schwab, U. Schwanke, J. Schwarz, E. Sciacca, S. Scuderi, M. Seglar Arroyo, I. Seitenzahl, D. Semikoz, O. Sergijenko, J.E. Serna Franco, Karol Seweryn, V. Sguera, A. Shalchi, R.Y. Shang, P. Sharma, L. Sidoli, J. Sieiro, H. Siejkowski, A. Sillanpaa, B.B. Singh, K.K. Singh, A. Sinha, C. Siqueira, J. Sitarek, P. Sizun, V. Sliusar, D. Sobczynska, R.W. Sobrinho, H. Sol, G. Sottile, H. Spackman, S. Spencer, G. Spengler, D. Spiga, W. Springer, A. Stamerra, S. Stanic, R. Starling, Ł. Stawarz, Stanislav Stefanik, C. Stegmann, A. Steiner, S. Steinmassl, C. Stella, R. Sternberger, M. Sterzel, C. Stevens, B. Stevenson, T. Stolarczyk, G. Stratta, U. Straumann, J. Striskovic, M. Strzys, R. Stuik, M. Suchenek, Y. Sunada, Tiina Suomijarvi, T. Suric, H. Suzuki, P. Swierk, T. Szepieniec, K. Tachihara, G. Tagliaferri, H. Tajima, N. Tajima, D. Tak, H. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, J. Takata, R. Takeishi, T. Tam, M. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, M. Tavani, F. Tavecchio, T. Tavernier, A. Russ Taylor, L.A. Tejedor, P. Temnikov, K. Terauchi, J.C. Terrazas, R. Terrier, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, D. Thibaut, F. Thocquenne, W. Tian, L. Tibaldo, A. Tiengo, M. Tluczykont, C.J. Todero Peixoto, K. Toma, L. Tomankova, J. Tomastik, M. Tornikoski, D.F. Torres, E. Torresi, G. Tosti, L. Tosti, N. Tothill, F. Toussenel, G. Tovmassian, C. Trichard, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, S. Truzzi, A. Tsiahina, B. Turk, A. Tutone, Y. Uchiyama, P. Utayarat, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, V. Vagelli, F. Vagnetti, J.A. Valdivia, M. Valentino, A. Valio, B. Vallage, P. Vallania Quispe, A.M. van den Berg, W. van Driel, C. van Eldik, C. van Rensburg, Brian van Soelen, J. Vandenbroucke, G. Vasileiadis, V. Vassiliev, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, A. Vega, J. Veh, P. Veitch, C. Venter, S. Ventura, S. Vercellone, V. Verguilov, G. Verna, S. Vernetto, V. Verzi, G.P. Vettolani, C. Veyssiere, I. Viale, A. Viana, N. Viaux, J. Vignatti, C.F. Vigorito, J. Villanueva, V. Vitale, V. Vittorini, V. Vodeb, N. Vogel, V. Voisin, S. Vorobiov, M. Vrastil, T. Vuillaume, S.J. Wagner, P. Wagner, K. Wakazono, S.P. Wakely, M. Ward, D. Warren, J. Watson, M. Wechakama, P. Wegner, A. Weinstein, C. Weniger, F. Werner, H. Wetteskind, M. L. White, A. Wierzcholska, S. Wiesand, R. Wijers, M. Wilkinson, M. Will, J. Williams, T. J. Williamson, A. Wolter, Y.W. Wong, M. Wood, T. Yamamoto, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yamane, R. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, L. Yang, S. Yoo, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, P. Yu, A. Yusafzai, Michael Zacharias, B. Zaldivar, L. Zampieri, R. Zanin, R. Zanmar Sanchez, D. Zaric, M. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, Andrzej Zdziarski, A. Zech, H. Zechlin, A. Zenin, A. Zerwekh, K. Ziętara, A. Zink, J. Ziolkowski, M. Zivec, A. Zmija, Współautorami artykułu są członkowie CTA Observatory, CTA Consortium i LST Collaboration w liczbie 1139, Astronomy, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: Physics, Observatory, Gamma ray, Astronomy
Abstract: Very-high Energy (VHE) gamma-ray astroparticle physics is a relatively young field, and observations over the past decade have surprisingly revealed almost two hundred VHE emitters which appear to act as cosmic particle accelerators. These sources are an important component of the Universe, influencing the evolution of stars and galaxies. At the same time, they also act as a probe of physics in the most extreme environments known - such as in supernova explosions, and around or after the merging of black holes and neutron stars. However, the existing experiments have provided exciting glimpses, but often falling short of supplying the full answer. A deeper understanding of the TeV sky requires a significant improvement in sensitivity at TeV energies, a wider energy coverage from tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV and a much better angular and energy resolution with respect to the currently running facilities. The next generation gamma-ray observatory, the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), is the answer to this need. In this talk I will present this upcoming observatory from its design to the construction, and its potential science exploitation. CTAO will allow the entire astronomical community to explore a new discovery space that will likely lead to paradigm-changing breakthroughs. In particular, CTA has an unprecedented sensitivity to short (sub-minute) timescale phenomena, placing it as a key instrument in the future of multi-messenger and multi-wavelength time domain astronomy. I will conclude the talk presenting the first scientific results obtained by the LST-1, the prototype of one CTAO telescope type - the Large-Sized Telescope, that is currently under commission., PoS: Proceedings of Science, 395, ISSN:1824-8039, Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021)
Published: 2022

17. Investigation of the correlation patterns and the Compton dominance variability of Mrk 421 in 2017

Author: Katsuaki Asano, I. Jiménez, A. Fuentes, C. M. Raiteri, D. Dominis Prester, E. Molina, E. Colombo, Y. V. Troitskaya, Nikola Godinovic, Sidika Merve Colak, Jenni Jormanainen, Yuki Iwamura, Alessandra Lamastra, Lab Saha, Antoniya Valcheva, Sunay Ibryamov, Elena G. Larionova, B. De Lotto, Evgeni Ovcharov, D. Zarić, Kazuma Ishio, David A. Green, M. Villata, D. Horan, Givi N. Kimeridze, Alexander Hahn, S. Nozaki, M. Perri, Michael D. Joner, D. Neise, S. Loporchio, R. J. García López, Marcello Giroletti, Victor A. Acciari, V. Fallah Ramazani, Tomohiko Oka, Daniela Dorner, Narek Sahakyan, J. Kushida, M. Kopp, Lorenzo Bellizzi, Noah Biederbeck, Joseph Moody, M. Gaug, L. Schneider, A. López-Oramas, Daniel Morcuende, N. Rizzi, Jose Luis Contreras, G. Vanzo, Rodolfo Carosi, L. Maraschi, Andrés Baquero, M. I. Carnerero, R. Iotov, Mosè Mariotti, A. Paravac, John Hoang, Ashwani Pandey, Z. R. Weaver, Francesco Longo, F. D'Ammando, S. Paiano, Elina Lindfors, Moritz Hütten, J. Herrera, Koji Noda, Abelardo Moralejo, Laura Eisenberger, E. Moretti, Julian Sitarek, Marcos López-Moya, Wlodek Bednarek, L. Di Venere, Ashot Chilingarian, U. Barres de Almeida, Elisa Bernardini, I. Agudo, M. Feige, R. Z. Ivanidze, O. A. Merkulova, D. Depaoli, M. Spencer, Massimo Persic, J. van Scherpenberg, Pratik Majumdar, L. Kunkel, K. Nishijima, Stefano Ansoldi, Juan Cortina, Kai Phillip Schmidt, A. Berti, Riccardo Paoletti, Saverio Lombardi, Daniel Mazin, M. V. Fonseca, Damir Lelas, R. J. C. Vera, Sanae Inoue, Giacomo D'Amico, Dominik Baack, C. Perennes, A. A. Nikiforova, Yating Chai, Stefan Cikota, G. M. Madejski, A. Arbet Engels, Daniel Kerszberg, Manuel Artero, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, J. Becerra González, Martin Makariev, R. Mirzoyan, Yoshiki Ohtani, G. A. Borman, Pawel Gliwny, Jose Miguel Miranda, A. De Angelis, Vitaly Neustroev, Wara Chamani, Oscar Blanch, T. S. Grishina, Martin Will, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, L. V. Larionova, Lea Heckmann, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Jorge Otero-Santos, R. A. Chigladze, M. Balbo, N. Marchili, D. Hadasch, P. G. Prada Moroni, A. A. Vasilyev, M. G. Nikolashvili, Jordi Delgado, V. Ramakrishnan, Christian Fruck, G. Busetto, Victoria Moreno, Luca Tosti, A. Rugliancich, C. Nigro, Marina Manganaro, Valeri M. Larionov, M. Balokovic, Manuel Delfino, A. Strigachev, J. M. Paredes, Manash R. Samal, Stefano Covino, I. Vovk, H. C. Lin, Ž. Bošnjak, Stefano Menchiari, Rumen Bachev, Marc Ribó, Dorota Sobczyńska, Carolin Wunderlich, Bernd Schleicher, M. Minev, Antonio Stamerra, Maria-Isabel Bernardos, I. S. Troitskiy, Merja Tornikoski, E. N. Kopatskaya, Shunsuke Sakurai, Camilla Maggio, Chiara Righi, F. Verrecchia, P. Temnikov, S. G. Jorstad, T. Schweizer, Hidetoshi Kubo, Lluis Font, A. Y. Lien, Toshiaki Inada, A. Scherbantin, Lorand A. Sigua, G. Maneva, Stefano Truzzi, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, V. Bozhilov, M. Palatiello, Alessandro Marchini, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, Alessia Spolon, Léa Jouvin, Konstancja Satalecka, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, Michele Doro, S. O. Kurtanidze, Carlo Vigorito, Pablo Peñil, D. Strom, Giacomo Bonnoli, Adrian Biland, Ana Babić, Alicia Fattorini, D. Hildebrand, Satoshi Fukami, G. Ferrara, Y. Kajiwara, Matteo Cerruti, P. Da Vela, Vassil Verguilov, Lovro Pavletić, C. Delgado Mendez, Emilia Järvelä, S. Mićanović, Sergey S. Savchenko, Ivica Puljak, M. Noethe, Simone Mender, Francesco Dazzi, V. Vitale, Manuela Mallamaci, Ivana Batković, F. Leone, M. I. Martínez, J. Rico, Alan P. Marscher, C. Lorey, S. Ventura, Tjark Miener, Anne Lähteenmäki, David Paneque, Masahiro Teshima, Jarred Gershon Green, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, Kari Nilsson, R. Walter, M. Strzys, D. Reinhart, E. Zaharieva, Wen Ping Chen, Vitalii Sliusar, Jürgen Besenrieder, Francesco Giordano, Antonio Tutone, Thomas Bretz, J. Buss, Alok C. Gupta, Simona Righini, O. M. Kurtanidze, Ciro Bigongiari, O. Vince, D. Elsaesser, C. Leto, M. Garczarczyk, Sargis Gasparyan, J. Kania, Dario Hrupec, R. López-Coto, Wolfgang Rhode, I. Snidaric, D. A. Morozova, Vladimir A. Hagen-Thorn, Mitsunari Takahashi, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, E. Prandini, Marie Karjalainen, D. Miceli, Goran Damljanović, Evgeni Semkov, Alice Donini, L. A. Antonelli, J. A. Barrio, Y. Suda, D. Carosati, V. D'Elia, Fabrizio Tavecchio, A. C. Sadun, Tihomir Surić, C. Casadio, Karl Mannheim, Santiago Ubach, Y. Kobayashi, F. Di Pierro, European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Croatian Science Foundation, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Bulgarian National Science Fund, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Artero, M., Asano, K., Babi??, A., Baquero, A., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Batkovi??, I., Becerra Gonz??lez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Blanch, O., Bo??njak, ??., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D???amico, G., D???elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espi??eira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Doro, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garc??a L??pez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovi??, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., H??tten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jim??nez, I., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., L??pez-Coto, R., L??pez-Moya, M., L??pez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Mart??nez, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mi??anovi??, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavleti??, L., Pe??il, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rib??, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., nidari??, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suri??, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzi??, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Zari??, D., Baack, D., Balbo, M., Biederbeck, N., Biland, A., Bretz, T., Buss, J., Dorner, D., Eisenberger, L., Elsaesser, D., Hildebrand, D., Iotov, R., Mannheim, K., Neise, D., Noethe, M., Paravac, A., Rhode, W., Schleicher, B., Sliusar, V., Walter, R., D???ammando, F., Horan, D., Lien, A. Y., Balokovi??, M., Madejski, G. M., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Leto, C., L??hteenm??ki, A., Tornikoski, M., Ramakrishnan, V., J??rvel??, E., Vera, R. J. C., Chamani, W., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Gupta, A. C., Pandey, A., Fuentes, A., Agudo, I., Casadio, C., Semkov, E., Ibryamov, S., Marchini, A., Bachev, R., Strigachev, A., Ovcharov, E., Bozhilov, V., Valcheva, A., Zaharieva, E., Damljanovic, G., Vince, O., Larionov, V. M., Borman, G. A., Grishina, T. S., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Morozova, D. A., Nikiforova, A. A., Savchenko, S. S., Troitskiy, I. S., Troitskaya, Y. V., Vasilyev, A. A., Merkulova, O. A., Chen, W. P., Samal, M., Lin, H. C., Moody, J. W., Sadun, A. C., Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Weaver, Z. R., Feige, M., Kania, J., Kopp, M., Kunkel, L., Reinhart, D., Scherbantin, A., Schneider, L., Lorey, C., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Carnerero, M. I., Carosati, D., Kurtanidze, S. O., Kurtanidze, O. M., Nikolashvili, M. G., Chigladze, R. A., Ivanidze, R. Z., Kimeridze, G. N., Sigua, L. A., Joner, M. D., Spencer, M., Giroletti, M., Marchili, N., Righini, S., Rizzi, N., Bonnoli, G., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), MAGIC, FACT, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: electron, PARTICLE-ACCELERATION, ELECTRON ACCELERATION, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, RAY, VHE [gamma ray], galaxies: active, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Electron, Astrophysics, GeV, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, law.invention, OBSERVATIONS, law, ultraviolet, optical, MAGIC (telescope), correlation [flux], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, X-ray: flux, model: leptonic, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), BL-LACERTAE, individual: Mrk 421 [BL Lacertae objects], flux [X-ray], Gamma ray, flux: correlation, Galaxies: active, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Synchrotron, SWIFT OBSERVATIONS, active [galaxies], Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Lorentz, Flare, LOG-PARABOLIC SPECTRA, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, radiation, mechanisms: non-thermal, LIGHT CURVES, X-RAY, MULTIWAVELENGTH, GLAST, leptonic [model], blazar, 0103 physical sciences, TeV, Blazar, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, MAGIC, gamma ray: VHE, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, spectral, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Full list of authors: Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Arbet Engels, A.; Artero, M.; Asano, K.; Babić, A.; Baquero, A.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Batković, I.; Becerra González, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bellizzi, L.; Bernardini, E.; Bernardos, M.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bigongiari, C.; Blanch, O.; Bošnjak, Ž.; Busetto, G.; Carosi, R.; Ceribella, G.; Cerruti, M.; Chai, Y.; Chilingarian, A.; Cikota, S.; Colak, S. M.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; D'Amico, G.; D'Elia, V.; da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; de Angelis, A.; de Lotto, B.; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Delgado Mendez, C.; Depaoli, D.; di Pierro, F.; di Venere, L.; Do Souto Espiñeira, E.; Dominis Prester, D.; Donini, A.; Doro, M.; Fallah Ramazani, V.; Fattorini, A.; Ferrara, G.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Fruck, C.; Fukami, S.; García López, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gasparyan, S.; Gaug, M.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Gliwny, P.; Godinović, N.; Green, J. G.; Green, D.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Heckmann, L.; Herrera, J.; Hoang, J.; Hrupec, D.; Hütten, M.; Inada, T.; Inoue, S.; Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Jiménez, I.; Jormanainen, J.; Jouvin, L.; Kajiwara, Y.; Karjalainen, M.; Kerszberg, D.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Lamastra, A.; Lelas, D.; Leone, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López-Coto, R.; López-Moya, M.; López-Oramas, A.; Loporchio, S.; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B.; Maggio, C.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Maraschi, L.; Mariotti, M.; Martínez, M.; Mazin, D.; Menchiari, S.; Mender, S.; Mićanović, S.; Miceli, D.; Miener, T.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Molina, E.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende, D.; Moreno, V.; Moretti, E.; Neustroev, V.; Nigro, C.; Nilsson, K.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nozaki, S.; Ohtani, Y.; Oka, T.; Otero-Santos, J.; Paiano, S.; Palatiello, M.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Pavletić, L.; Peñil, P.; Perennes, C.; Persic, M.; Prada Moroni, P. G.; Prandini, E.; Priyadarshi, C.; Puljak, I.; Ribó, M.; Rico, J.; Righi, C.; Rugliancich, A.; Saha, L.; Sahakyan, N.; Saito, T.; Sakurai, S.; Satalecka, K.; Saturni, F. G.; Schmidt, K.; Schweizer, T.; Sitarek, J.; Šnidarić, I.; Sobczynska, D.; Spolon, A.; Stamerra, A.; Strom, D.; Strzys, M.; Suda, Y.; Surić, T.; Takahashi, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Temnikov, P.; Terzić, T.; Teshima, M.; Tosti, L.; Truzzi, S.; Tutone, A.; Ubach, S.; van Scherpenberg, J.; Vanzo, G.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Ventura, S.; Verguilov, V.; Vigorito, C. F.; Vitale, V.; Vovk, I.; Will, M.; Wunderlich, C.; Zarić, D.; Baack, D.; Balbo, M.; Biederbeck, N.; Biland, A.; Bretz, T.; Buss, J.; Dorner, D.; Eisenberger, L.; Elsaesser, D.; Hildebrand, D.; Iotov, R.; Mannheim, K.; Neise, D.; Noethe, M.; Paravac, A.; Rhode, W.; Schleicher, B.; Sliusar, V.; Walter, R.; D'Ammando, F.; Horan, D.; Lien, A. Y.; Baloković, M.; Madejski, G. M.; Perri, M.; Verrecchia, F.; Leto, C.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Tornikoski, M.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Järvelä, E.; Vera, R. J. C.; Chamani, W.; Villata, M.; Raiteri, C. M.; Gupta, A. C.; Pandey, A.; Fuentes, A.; Agudo, I.; Casadio, C.; Semkov, E.; Ibryamov, S.; Marchini, A.; Bachev, R.; Strigachev, A.; Ovcharov, E.; Bozhilov, V.; Valcheva, A.; Zaharieva, E.; Damljanovic, G.; Vince, O.; Larionov, V. M.; Borman, G. A.; Grishina, T. S.; Hagen-Thorn, V. A.; Kopatskaya, E. N.; Larionova, E. G.; Larionova, L. V.; Morozova, D. A.; Nikiforova, A. A.; Savchenko, S. S.; Troitskiy, I. S.; Troitskaya, Y. V.; Vasilyev, A. A.; Merkulova, O. A.; Chen, W. P; Samal, M.; Lin, H. C.; Moody, J. W.; Sadun, A. C.; Jorstad, S. G.; Marscher, A. P.; Weaver, Z. R.; Feige, M.; Kania, J.; Kopp, M.; Kunkel, L.; Reinhart, D.; Scherbantin, A.; Schneider, L.; Lorey, C.; Acosta-Pulido, J. A.; Carnerero, M. I.; Carosati, D.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Chigladze, R. A.; Ivanidze, R. Z.; Kimeridze, G. N.; Sigua, L. A.; Joner, M. D.; Spencer, M.; Giroletti, M.; Marchili, N.; Righini, S.; Rizzi, N.; Bonnoli, G.; MAGIC Collaboration; Fact Collaboration.-- This is an Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., Aims. We present a detailed characterisation and theoretical interpretation of the broadband emission of the paradigmatic TeV blazar Mrk 421, with a special focus on the multi-band flux correlations. Methods. The dataset has been collected through an extensive multi-wavelength campaign organised between 2016 December and 2017 June. The instruments involved are MAGIC, FACT, Fermi-LAT, Swift, GASP-WEBT, OVRO, Medicina, and Metsahovi. Additionally, four deep exposures (several hours long) with simultaneous MAGIC and NuSTAR observations allowed a precise measurement of the falling segments of the two spectral components. Results. The very-high-energy (VHE; E 100 GeV) gamma rays and X-rays are positively correlated at zero time lag, but the strength and characteristics of the correlation change substantially across the various energy bands probed. The VHE versus X-ray fluxes follow dierent patterns, partly due to substantial changes in the Compton dominance for a few days without a simultaneous increase in the X-ray flux (i.e., orphan gamma-ray activity). Studying the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) during the days including NuSTAR observations, we show that these changes can be explained within a one-zone leptonic model with a blob that increases its size over time. The peak frequency of the synchrotron bump varies by two orders of magnitude throughout the campaign. Our multi-band correlation study also hints at an anti-correlation between UV-optical and X-ray at a significance higher than 3. A VHE flare observed on MJD 57788 (2017 February 4) shows gamma-ray variability on multi-hour timescales, with a factor ten increase in the TeV flux but only a moderate increase in the keV flux. The related broadband SED is better described by a two-zone leptonic scenario rather than by a one-zone scenario.We find that the flare can be produced by the appearance of a compact second blob populated by high energetic electrons spanning a narrow range of Lorentz factors, from 0 min = 2104 to 0 max = 6105. © 2021 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved., The MAGIC Collaboration would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF, MPG and HGF; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, FPA2017-90566-REDC, PID2019-104114RB-C31, PID2019-104114RB-C32, PID2019-105510GB-C31,PID2019-107847RB-C41, PID2019-107847RB-C42, PID2019-107847RB-C44, PID2019-107988GB-C22); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-268/16.12.2019 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2017-0709 and CEX2019-000920-S, and “María de Maeztu” CEX2019-000918-M, the Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2015-0509-18-2 and the “la Caixa” Foundation (fellowship LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012) and by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya; by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02; by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3; the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382; and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. The important contributions from ETH Zurich grants ETH-10.08-2 and ETH-27.12-1 as well as the funding by the Swiss SNF and the German BMBF (Verbundforschung Astro- und Astroteilchenphysik) and HAP (Helmoltz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics) are gratefully acknowledged. Part of this work is supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Center SFB 876 “Providing Information by Resource-Constrained Analysis”, project C3. We are thankful for the very valuable contributions from E. Lorenz, D. Renker and G. Viertel during the early phase of the project. We thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for allowing us to operate the telescope at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma, the Max-Planck-Institut für Physik for providing us with the mount of the former HEGRA CT3 telescope, and the MAGIC collaboration for their support. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. This work made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software, and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS) jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC; Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). This research has also made use of the XRT Data Analysis Software (XRTDAS) developed under the responsibility of the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC), Italy. A.A.E and D.P acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungs gemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC-2094 – 390783311. M. B. acknowledges support from the YCAA Prize Postdoctoral Fellowship and from the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, which is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant GBMF8273) and in part by the John Templeton Foundation. This publication makes use of data obtained at the Metsähovi Radio Observatory, operated by Aalto University in Finland. This research has made use of data from the OVRO 40-m monitoring program (Richards et al. 2011) which is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G, and NNX14AQ89G and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. I.A. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” (MCINN) through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC (SEV-2017-0709). Acquisition and reduction of the MAPCAT data was supported in part by MICINN through grants AYA2016-80889-P and PID2019-107847RB-C44. The MAPCAT observations were carried out at the German-Spanish Calar Alto Observatory, which is jointly operated by Junta de Andalucía and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. C.C. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the grant agreement No 771282. This research was partially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science under grants KP-06-H28/3 (2018), KP-06-H38/4 (2019) and KP-06-KITAJ/2 (2020). We acknowledge support by Bulgarian National Science Fund under grant DN18-10/2017 and National RI Roadmap Projects DO1-277/16.12.2019 and DO1-268/16.12.2019 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria. This research was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract No 451-03-68/2020-14/200002). G.D. acknowledges observing grant support from the Institute of Astronomy and Rozhen NAO BAS through the bilateral joint research project “Gaia Celestial Reference Frame (CRF) and fast variable astronomical objects” (2020–2022, head – G. Damljanovic). The BU group was supported in part by NASA Fermi guest investigator program grants 80NSSC19K1505 and 80NSSC20K1566. This study was based in part on observations conducted using the 1.8 m Perkins Telescope Observatory (PTO) in Arizona, which is owned and operated by Boston University. This article is partly based on observations made with the LCOGT Telescopes, one of whose nodes is located at the Observatorios de Canarias del IAC on the island of Tenerife in the Observatorio del Teide. This article is also based partly on data obtained with the STELLA robotic telescopes in Tenerife, an AIP facility jointly operated by AIP and IAC. The Abastumani team acknowledges financial support by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation under contract FR-19-6174. Based on observations with the Medicina telescope operated by INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia.
Published: 2021

18. First detection of VHE gamma-ray emission from TXS 1515-273, study of its X-ray variability and spectral energy distribution

Author: M. I. Martínez, V. Neustroev, Francesco Longo, Maria-Isabel Bernardos, Alessandro Marchini, Alicia Fattorini, Tomohiko Oka, Katsuaki Asano, U. Barres de Almeida, Damir Lelas, Adrian Biland, D. Hadasch, D. Miceli, Sanae Inoue, Giacomo D'Amico, Yating Chai, Stefan Cikota, Pawel Gliwny, I. Vovk, David A. Green, R. J. García López, Narek Sahakyan, Stefano Covino, Lea Heckmann, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, J. Becerra González, Armin Nabizadeh, F. D'Ammando, J. Rico, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, Alexander Hahn, Nikola Godinovic, Dorota Sobczyńska, G. Ferrara, G. Busetto, E. Molina, Satoshi Fukami, Shunsuke Sakurai, Jarred Gershon Green, Elisabetta Bissaldi, C. Perennes, D. Strom, Yusuke Suda, E. Colombo, Lab Saha, Alice Donini, Kazuma Ishio, Massimo Persic, L. A. Antonelli, Martin Makariev, Dominik Baack, P. G. Prada Moroni, J. Kushida, Ivica Puljak, Victor Moreno, Oscar Blanch, S. Ventura, C. Nigro, Carlo Vigorito, F. Leone, D. Dominis Prester, Alessandra Lamastra, J. A. Barrio, John Hoang, V. Verguilov, Tomoki Saito, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Giovanni Ceribella, Rodolfo Carosi, I. Jiménez, V. D'Elia, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Daniel Morcuende, Jose Luis Contreras, Jenni Jormanainen, Vincenzo Vitale, T. Schweizer, A. Arbet Engels, S. Loporchio, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, A. De Angelis, M. Karjalainen, Sargis Gasparyan, Stefano Menchiari, Y. Kajiwara, Fabrizio Tavecchio, M. Palatiello, Manuela Mallamaci, Masahiro Teshima, S. Paiano, Luca Tosti, I. Snidaric, Mosè Mariotti, Martin Will, M. Orienti, S. Mićanović, Ashot Chilingarian, Wolfgang Rhode, Lluis Font, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, Tihomir Surić, Manuel Artero, Juan Cortina, Toshiaki Inada, Yuki Iwamura, Stefano Truzzi, D. Zarić, Saverio Lombardi, Francesco Dazzi, Simone Mender, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Dario Hrupec, Pablo Peñil, Konstancja Satalecka, L. Maraschi, Giacomo Bonnoli, Sidika Merve Colak, Elina Lindfors, Marcos López-Moya, G. Maneva, Karl Mannheim, Wlodek Bednarek, L. Di Venere, Mitsunari Takahashi, Michele Doro, J. van Scherpenberg, Stefano Ansoldi, Daniel Mazin, Riccardo Paoletti, Christian Fruck, Ivana Batković, E. Prandini, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, Julian Sitarek, Santiago Ubach, Y. Kobayashi, F. Di Pierro, Jürgen Besenrieder, Lorenzo Bellizzi, Francesco Giordano, Antonio Tutone, J. Otero-Santos, K. Nishijima, Jose Miguel Miranda, Kai Phillip Schmidt, A. Berti, Yoshiki Ohtani, Tjark Miener, David Paneque, D. Elsaesser, Jordi Delgado, Ž. Bošnjak, Matteo Cerruti, Chiara Righi, V. Fallah Ramazani, V. A. Acciari, P. Temnikov, P. Da Vela, Manuel Delfino, Lovro Pavletić, Moritz Hütten, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, Carolin Wunderlich, Ana Babić, C. Delgado Mendez, M. Strzys, Kari Nilsson, Camilla Maggio, Daniela Dorner, Gaia Vanzo, M. Gaug, J. Herrera, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Alessia Spolon, Léa Jouvin, A. López-Oramas, S. Cutini, Daniel Kerszberg, Marc Ribó, B. De Lotto, S. Nozaki, Andrés Baquero, Hidetoshi Kubo, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, D. Depaoli, Bernd Schleicher, M. Minev, R. Mirzoyan, Ciro Bigongiari, M. Garczarczyk, R. López-Coto, German Research Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (Japan), University of Tokyo, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Ministry of Education and Research (Romania), Academy of Finland, La Caixa, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Acciari, Va, Ansoldi, S, Antonelli, La, Engels, Aa, Artero, M, Asano, K, Baack, D, Babic, A, Baquero, A, de Almeida, Ub, Barrio, Ja, Batkovic, I, Gonzalez, Jb, Bednarek, W, Bellizzi, L, Bernardini, E, Bernardos, M, Berti, A, Besenrieder, J, Bhattacharyya, W, Bigongiari, C, Biland, A, Blanch, O, Bosnjak, Z, Busetto, G, Carosi, R, Ceribell, G, Cerruti, M, Chai, Y, Chilingarian, A, Cikota, S, Colak, Sm, Colombo, E, Contreras, Jl, Cortina, J, Covino, S, D'Amico, G, D'Elia, V, Da Vela, P, Dazzi, F, De Angelis, A, De Lotto, B, Delfino, M, Delgado, J, Mendez, Cd, Depaoli, D, Di Pierro, F, Di Venere, L, Espineira, Ed, Prester, Dd, Donini, A, Dorner, D, Doro, M, Elsaesser, D, Ramazani, Vf, Fattorini, A, Ferrara, G, Fonseca, Mv, Font, L, Fruck, C, Fukami, S, Lopez, Rjg, Garczarczyk, M, Gasparyan, S, Gaug, M, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Gliwny, P, Godinovic, N, Green, Jg, Green, D, Hadasch, D, Hahn, A, Heckmann, L, Herrera, J, Hoang, J, Hrupec, D, Hutten, M, Inada, T, Inoue, S, Ishio, K, Iwamura, Y, Jimenez, I, Jormanainen, J, Jouvin, L, Kajiwara, Y, Karjalainen, M, Kerszberg, D, Kobayashi, Y, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Lamastra, A, Lelas, D, Leone, F, Lindfors, E, Lombardi, S, Longo, F, Lopez-Coto, R, Lopez-Moya, M, Lopez-Oramas, A, Loporchio, S, Fraga, Bmd, Maggio, C, Majumdar, P, Makariev, M, Mallamaci, M, Maneva, G, Manganaro, M, Mannheim, K, Maraschi, L, Mariotti, M, Martinez, M, Mazin, D, Menchiari, S, Mender, S, Micanovic, S, Miceli, D, Miener, T, Minev, M, Miranda, Jm, Mirzoyan, R, Molina, E, Moralejo, A, Morcuende, D, Moreno, V, Moretti, E, Neustroev, V, Nigro, C, Nilsson, K, Nishijima, K, Noda, K, Nozaki, S, Ohtani, Y, Oka, T, Otero-Santos, J, Paiano, S, Palatiello, M, Paneque, D, Paoletti, R, Paredes, Jm, Pavletic, L, Penil, P, Perennes, C, Moroni, Pgp, Prandini, E, Priyadarshi, C, Puljak, I, Rhode, W, Ribo, M, Rico, J, Righi, C, Rugliancich, A, Saha, L, Sahakyan, N, Saito, T, Sakurai, S, Satalecka, K, Saturni, Fg, Schleicher, B, Schmidt, K, Schweizer, T, Sitarek, J, Snidaric, I, Sobczynska, D, Spolon, A, Stamerra, A, Strom, D, Strzys, M, Suda, Y, Suric, T, Takahashi, M, Tavecchio, F, Temnikov, P, Terzic, T, Teshima, M, Tosti, L, Truzzi, S, Tutone, A, Ubach, S, Vanscherpenberg, J, Vanzo, G, Acosta, Mv, Ventura, S, Verguilov, V, Vigorito, Cf, Vitale, V, Vovk, I, Will, M, Wunderlich, C, Zaric, D, Bissaldi, E, Bonnoli, G, Cutini, S, D'Ammando, F, Nabizadeh, A, Marchini, A, and Orienti, M
Subjects: Photon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, active [Galaxies], Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, Objects: individual: TXS 1515–273, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, law, objects: individual: TXS 1515-273, 0103 physical sciences, individual: TXS 1515-273 [Objects], MAGIC (telescope), Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], individual: TXS 1515–273 [objects], Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Synchrotron, Crab Nebula, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, objects: individual: TXS 1515–273, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Full list of authors: Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Arbet Engels, A. ; Artero, M.; Asano, K.; Baack, D.; Babić, A.; Baquero, A.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Batković, I.; Becerra González, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bellizzi, L.; Bernardini, E.; Bernardos, M.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bošnjak, Ž.; Busetto, G.; Carosi, R.; Ceribella, G.; Cerruti, M.; Chai, Y.; Chilingarian, A.; Cikota, S.; Colak, S. M.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; D'Amico, G.; D'Elia, V.; da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; de Angelis, A.; de Lotto, B.; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Delgado Mendez, C.; Depaoli, D.; Pierro, F. Di; Venere, L. Di; Do Souto Espiñeira, E.; Dominis Prester, D.; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Elsaesser, D.; Fallah Ramazani, V.; Fattorini, A.; Ferrara, G.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Fruck, C.; Fukami, S.; García López, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gasparyan, S.; Gaug, M.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Gliwny, P.; Godinović, N.; Green, J. G.; Green, D.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Heckmann, L.; Herrera, J.; Hoang, J.; Hrupec, D.; Hütten, M.; Inada, T.; Inoue, S.; Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Jiménez, I.; Jormanainen, J.; Jouvin, L.; Kajiwara, Y.; Karjalainen, M.; Kerszberg, D.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Lamastra, A.; Lelas, D.; Leone, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López-Coto, R.; López-Moya, M.; López-Oramas, A.; Loporchio, S.; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B.; Maggio, C.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mannheim, K.; Maraschi, L.; Mariotti, M.; Martínez, M.; Mazin, D.; Menchiari, S.; Mender, S.; Mićanović, S.; Miceli, D.; Miener, T.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Molina, E.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende, D.; Moreno, V.; Moretti, E.; Neustroev, V.; Nigro, C.; Nilsson, K.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nozaki, S.; Ohtani, Y.; Oka, T.; Otero-Santos, J.; Paiano, S.; Palatiello, M.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Pavletić, L.; Peñil, P.; Perennes, C.; Persic, M.; Prada Moroni, P. G.; Prandini, E.; Priyadarshi, C.; Puljak, I.; Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Rico, J.; Righi, C.; Rugliancich, A.; Saha, L.; Sahakyan, N.; Saito, T.; Sakurai, S.; Satalecka, K.; Saturni, F. G.; Schleicher, B.; Schmidt, K.; Schweizer, T.; Sitarek, J.; Šnidarić, I.; Sobczynska, D.; Spolon, A.; Stamerra, A.; Strom, D.; Strzys, M.; Suda, Y.; Surić, T.; Takahashi, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Temnikov, P.; Terzić, T.; Teshima, M.; Tosti, L.; Truzzi, S.; Tutone, A.; Ubach, S.; van Scherpenberg, J.; Vanzo, G.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Ventura, S.; Verguilov, V.; Vigorito, C. F.; Vitale, V.; Vovk, I.; Will, M.; Wunderlich, C.; Zarić, D.; Bissaldi, E.; Bonnoli, G.; Cutini, S.; D'Ammando, F.; Nabizadeh, A.; Marchini, A.; Orienti, M.; MAGIC Collaboration., We report here on the first multiwavelength (MWL) campaign on the blazar TXS 1515-273, undertaken in 2019 and extending from radio to very-high-energy gamma-rays (VHE). Up until now, this blazar had not been the subject of any detailed MWL observations. It has a rather hard photon index at GeV energies and was considered a candidate extreme high-synchrotron-peaked source. MAGIC observations resulted in the first-time detection of the source in VHE with a statistical significance of 7.6σ. The average integral VHE flux of the source is 6 ± 1 per cent of the Crab nebula flux above 400 GeV. X-ray coverage was provided by Swift-XRT, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR. The long continuous X-ray observations were separated by ∼9 h, both showing clear hour scale flares. In the XMM-Newton data, both the rise and decay time-scales are longer in the soft X-ray than in the hard X-ray band, indicating the presence of a particle cooling regime. The X-ray variability time-scales were used to constrain the size of the emission region and the strength of the magnetic field. The data allowed us to determine the synchrotron peak frequency and classify the source as a flaring high, but not extreme synchrotron-peaked object. Considering the constraints and variability patterns from the X-ray data, we model the broad-band spectral energy distribution. We applied a simple one-zone model, which could not reproduce the radio emission and the shape of the optical emission, and a two-component leptonic model with two interacting components, enabling us to reproduce the emission from radio to VHE band. © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society., The financial support of the German BMBF, MPG, and HGF; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) (FPA201787859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, FPA201790566-REDC, PID2019-104114RB-C31, PID2019-104114RB-C32, PID2019-105510GB-C31, PID2019-107847RB-C41, PID2019107847RB-C42, PID2019-107847RB-C44, PID2019-107988GBC22); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1268/16.12.2019 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 317637 and 320045 are gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia `Severo Ochoa' SEV-20160588, SEV-2017-0709 and CEX2019-000920-S, and `Maria de Maeztu' CEX2019-000918-M, the Unidad de Excelencia `Maria de Maeztu' MDM-2015-0509-18-2 and the `la Caixa' Foundation (fellowshipLCF/BQ/PI18/11630012), by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq, and FAPERJ. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, theCommissariat à l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase from the following agencies is also gratefully acknowledged: the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.
Published: 2021

19. Periodic variability of the z=2.0 quasar QSO B1312+7837

Author: Antoniya Valcheva, Valentin D. Ivanov, M. Minev, O. Sholukhova, Evgeni Ovcharov, Petko Nedialkov, S. N. Fabrika, Trifon Trifonov, and A. Vinokurov
Subjects: Physics, Supermassive black hole, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Rest frame, Galaxy merger, Random walk, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Luminosity, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Orbital motion, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We report here the first results from a 15-yr long variability monitoring of the z=2.0 quasar QSO B1312+7837. It shows luminosity changes with a period P~6.13 yr (P~2.04 yr at rest frame) and an amplitude of ~0.2mag, superimposed on a gradual dimming at a rate of ~0.55mag per 100 yrs. Two false periods associated with power peaks in the data windowing function were discarded. The measured period is confirmed with a bootstrapping Monte-Carlo simulation. A damped random walk model yields a better fit to the data than a sine-function model, but at the cost of employing some high frequency variations which are typically not seen in quasars. We consider the possible mechanisms driving this variability, and conclude that orbital motion of two supermassive black holes - result from a recent galaxy merger - is a possible explanation., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal
Published: 2021
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20. The complex variability of blazars: time-scales and periodicity analysis in S4 0954+65

Author: A. A. Nikiforova, Efthalia Traianou, Sergey S. Savchenko, J. Escudero, L. V. Larionova, T. S. Andreeva, V. Bozhilov, W. J. Hou, An-Li Tsai, Carolina Casadio, Anne Lähteenmäki, Ioannis Myserlis, Merja Tornikoski, A. Fuentes, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, I. Agudo, S. O. Kurtanidze, A. A. Arkharov, F. D'Ammando, M. I. Carnerero, M. Hart, D. Ivanov, Goran Damljanović, Evgeni Semkov, M. Stojanovic, J. Otero-Santos, Y. V. Troitskaya, I. Rahimov, Wen Ping Chen, E. N. Kopatskaya, D. Shakhovskoy, Alok C. Gupta, Rumen Bachev, D. Carosati, A. Strigachev, Antoniya Valcheva, Elena G. Larionova, M. Nakamura, M. G. Nikolashvili, Alan P. Marscher, G. A. Borman, Valeri M. Larionov, N. Marchili, Z. R. Weaver, T. Pursimo, Marcello Giroletti, Marco Berton, C. Konstantopoulou, Simona Righini, O. M. Kurtanidze, I. Björklund, T. Sakamoto, C. M. Raiteri, M. Villata, T. S. Grishina, Evgeni Ovcharov, M. Minev, J. Y. Kim, E. Zaharieva, Vladimir A. Hagen-Thorn, S. G. Jorstad, Clemens Thum, D. A. Morozova, O. Vince, A. A. Vasilyev, G. Markovic, Givi N. Kimeridze, Lorand A. Sigua, Erika Benítez, David Hiriart, I. S. Troitskiy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Bulgarian National Science Fund, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), National Institute for Astrophysics, St. Petersburg State University, Boston University, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, CSIC, Russian Academy of Sciences, RAS - Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, EPT Observatories, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, National Central University, University of Belgrade, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna, Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Georgian National Academy of Sciences, Nordic Optical Telescope, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Aoyama Gakuin University, IRAM, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: individual: S4 0954+65 [BL Lacertae objects], active [Galaxies], BL Lacertae objects: individual: S4 0954+65, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Library science, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, IRAM 30m telescope, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Bulgarian, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, general [BL Lacertae objects], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies: active, BL Lacertae objects: general, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, language.human_language, Joint research, Galaxies: jets, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), language, jets [Galaxies], Christian ministry, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Administration (government)
Abstract: Full list of authors: Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Larionov, V. M.; Jorstad, S. G.; Marscher, A. P.; Weaver, Z. R.; Acosta-Pulido, J. A.; Agudo, I.; Andreeva, T.; Arkharov, A.; Bachev, R.; Benítez, E.; Berton, M.; Björklund, I.; Borman, G. A.; Bozhilov, V.; Carnerero, M. I.; Carosati, D.; Casadio, C.; Chen, W. P. Damljanovic, G.; D'Ammando, F.; Escudero, J.; Fuentes, A.; Giroletti, M.; Grishina, T. S.; Gupta, A. C.; Hagen-Thorn, V. A.; Hart, M.; Hiriart, D.; Hou, W. -J.; Ivanov, D.; Kim, J. -Y.; Kimeridze, G. N.; Konstantopoulou, C.; Kopatskaya, E. N.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Larionova, E. G.; Larionova, L. V.; Marchili, N.; Markovic, G.; Minev, M.; Morozova, D. A.; Myserlis, I.; Nakamura, M.; Nikiforova, A. A.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Otero-Santos, J.; Ovcharov, E.; Pursimo, T.; Rahimov, I.; Righini, S.; Sakamoto, T.; Savchenko, S. S.; Semkov, E. H.; Shakhovskoy, D.; Sigua, L. A.; Stojanovic, M.; Strigachev, A.; Thum, C.; Tornikoski, M.; Traianou, E.; Troitskaya, Y. V.; Troitskiy, I. S.; Tsai, A.; Valcheva, A.; Vasilyev, A. A.; Vince, O.; Zaharieva, E., Among active galactic nuclei, blazars show extreme variability properties. We here investigate the case of the BL Lac object S4 0954+65 with data acquired in 2019-2020 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration. The 2-min cadence optical light curves provided by TESS during three observing sectors of nearly 1 month each allow us to study the fast variability in great detail. We identify several characteristic short-term time-scales, ranging from a few hours to a few days. However, these are not persistent, as they differ in the various TESS sectors. The long-term photometric and polarimetric optical and radio monitoring undertaken by the WEBT brings significant additional information, revealing that (i) in the optical, long-term flux changes are almost achromatic, while the short-term ones are strongly chromatic; (ii) the radio flux variations at 37 GHz follow those in the optical with a delay of about 3 weeks; (iii) the range of variation of the polarization degree and angle is much larger in the optical than in the radio band, but the mean polarization angles are similar; (iv) the optical long-term variability is characterized by a quasi-periodicity of about 1 month. We explain the source behaviour in terms of a rotating inhomogeneous helical jet, whose pitch angle can change in time. © 2021 The Author(s)., This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. Partly based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, owned in collaboration by the University of Turku and Aarhus University, and operated jointly by Aarhus University, the University of Turku and the University of Oslo, representing Denmark, Finland and Norway, the University of Iceland and Stockholm University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. This article is partly based on observations made in the Observatorios de Canarias del IAC with the Liverpool telescope operated on the island of La Palma by the Liverpool John Moores University in the Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos. This article is partly based on observations made with the LCOGT Telescopes, one of whose nodes is located at the Observatorios de Canarias del IAC on the island of Tenerife in the Observatorio del Teide. This article is partly based on observations made with the IAC-80 operated on the island of Tenerife by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. Many thanks are due to the IAC support astronomers and telescope operators for supporting the observations at the IAC-80 telescope. This publication makes use of data obtained at Metsähovi Radio Observatory, operated by Aalto University in Finland. This research has made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System and of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The research at Boston University was supported by NASA grants 80NSSC20K1566 (Fermi Guest Investigator Program) and 80NSSC21K0243 (TESS Guest Investigator Program). This study was based (in part) on observations conducted using the 1.8 m Perkins Telescope Observatory (PTO) in Arizona (USA), which is owned and operated by Boston University. GD, MS, GM, and OV acknowledge the observing grant support from the Institute of Astronomy and Rozhen NAO BAS through the bilateral joint research project ‘Gaia Celestial Reference Frame (CRF) and fast variable astronomical objects’ (2020–2022, leader is G.Damljanovic), and support by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract No 451-03-68/2020-14/200002) This research was partially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science under grants DN 18-13/2017, KP-06-H28/3 (2018), KP-06-H38/4 (2019), and KP-06-KITAJ/2 (2020). SOK acknowledges financial support by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia under contract PHDF-18-354 EB acknowledges support from DGAPA-PAPIIT GRANT IN113320. This work is partly based upon observations carried out at the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional on the Sierra San Pedro Mártir (OAN- SPM), Baja California, Mexico. We acknowledge support by Bulgarian National Science Fund under grant DN18-10/2017 and National RI Roadmap Project DO1-383/18.12.2020 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria. IA acknowledges financial support from the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación’ (MCINN) through the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC (SEV-2017-0709). Acquisition and reduction of the POLAMI data was supported in part by MICINN through grants AYA2016-80889-P and PID2019-107847RB-C44. The POLAMI observations were carried out at the IRAM 30m Telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain).
Published: 2021

21. H.e.s.s. And magic observations of a sudden cessation of a very-high-energy γ -ray flare in PKS 1510-089 in May 2016

Author: A. Yusafzai, J. van Scherpenberg, M. Büchele, B. Boccardi, S. Caroff, S. J. Fegan, Daniela Dorner, T. Schweizer, Mosè Mariotti, Gaia Vanzo, Tom Armstrong, Nu. Komin, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Matteo Cerruti, A. Lemiere, F. Eichhorn, J. Devin, C. Trichard, Michael Punch, Stefano Gabici, M. Palatiello, V. A. Acciari, F. Schüssler, Sylvia Zhu, P. J. Meintjes, Werner Hofmann, Samuel Timothy Spencer, Y. Kajiwara, J. Zorn, D. Dominis Prester, S. Bonnefoy, Constantin Steppa, G. Maurin, Adrian Biland, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, U. Barres de Almeida, Tadayuki Takahashi, Damir Lelas, Victor Doroshenko, Davide Depaoli, Dmitriy Kostunin, R. Mirzoyan, T. Surić, D. Gottschall, M. Füßling, Moritz Hütten, Lea Heckmann, M. Gaug, J. Herrera, Ullrich Schwanke, C. Arcaro, H. Abdalla, Lorenzo Bellizzi, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Francesco Dazzi, John Hoang, Martin Will, Dominik Baack, L. Maraschi, Elina Lindfors, M. A. Kastendieck, R. Rauth, V. Baghmanyan, D. Ninci, Koji Noda, Michael Backes, S. Raab, Sanae Inoue, Giacomo D'Amico, Manuel Meyer, Q. Remy, L. Olivera-Nieto, Dorota Sobczyńska, Elisa Bernardini, M. Filipovic, Riaan Steenkamp, Davit Zargaryan, Hambeleleni Ndiyavala, Stefan Klepser, G. Vasileiadis, G. Lamanna, S. G. Jorstad, Daniel Mazin, Jacek Niemiec, Kirsty Feijen, Alessandro Montanari, Tim Holch, Seiya Nozaki, Anna Barnacka, M. Hörbe, Giacomo Bonnoli, D. Strom, T. Tavernier, Takeshi Oka, Axel Donath, J. Rico, A. W. Chen, J. Dyks, T. Chand, Jim Hinton, F. Niederwanger, Olaf Reimer, Daniel Kerszberg, Manuel Delfino, Krzysztof Katarzynski, Ivica Puljak, S. Sailer, Dmitry Khangulyan, Christian Fruck, Gavin Rowell, D. A. Sanchez, Maria Haupt, Julian Sitarek, Alan P. Marscher, Stefano Truzzi, Pablo Peñil, E. O. Angüner, Catherine Boisson, S. Ventura, Dieter Horns, M. Bryan, V. Barbosa Martins, L. Sun, Rachel Simoni, Gerard Fontaine, Jacco Vink, P. Reichherzer, Jim Davies, G. Hermann, Regis Terrier, Clemens Hoischen, A. A. Zdziarski, G. Ferrara, Francois Brun, G. Emery, M. de Bony de Lavergne, P. Vincent, Kyoshi Nishijima, Alessandra Lamastra, G. Fichet de Clairfontaine, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, P. Munar-Adrover, Yoshiki Ohtani, Carlo Romoli, Jordi Delgado, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, L. Di Venere, D. Zarić, Zorawar Wadiasingh, F. Di Pierro, Ž. Bošnjak, Hester Schutte, Isak Delberth Davids, Roberta Zanin, Karl Mannheim, M. Strzys, Łukasz Stawarz, R. J. Tuffs, V. Fallah Ramazani, B. Bi, Marc Ribó, Sabrina Casanova, H. Prokoph, A. Carosi, Stefano Covino, D. J. van der Walt, Thomas Murach, Yating Chai, Saša Mićanović, Jae-Young Kim, V. Vitale, Francesco Longo, R. Konno, Alicia Fattorini, Narek Sahakyan, Y. A. Gallant, R. J. García López, Junko Kushida, Jürgen Besenrieder, Dario Hrupec, P. Da Vela, S. Steinmassl, P. G. Prada Moroni, Jonathan Mackey, Rafal Moderski, Stefan Cikota, Hidetoshi Kubo, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, Monica Barnard, J. Otero-Santos, Mischa Breuhaus, J. Becerra González, Yu. W. Wong, V. Joshi, Samuel Zouari, N. Shafi, Natalia Żywucka, E. Prandini, M. A. Lopez, Gianluca Giavitto, Katsuaki Asano, Mitsunari Takahashi, T. Vuillaume, M. Curyło, P. Morris, K. Egberts, Stefano Ansoldi, M. de Naurois, Pawel Gliwny, L. Pavletić, C. Moore, Alessia Spolon, M. Vazquez Acosta, D. Elsaesser, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, Riccardo Paoletti, Celine Armand, Jhilik Majumdar, Stefan Ohm, G. Busetto, Léa Jouvin, Ana Babić, Frank M. Rieger, A. Dmytriiev, Dorit Glawion, Z. R. Weaver, Włodek Kluźniak, S. Chandra, V. Marandon, A. Djannati-Ataï, E. Moulin, Tomasz Bulik, Alessio Berti, M. Seglar-Arroyo, H. Odaka, Christian Stegmann, Stefan Wagner, C. Perennes, Pierre Brun, Yasunobu Uchiyama, A. Fiasson, U. Colin, David A. Green, Kazuma Ishio, A. Arbet Engels, A. De Angelis, Wlodek Bednarek, Nikola Godinovic, F. Ait Benkhali, Vassil Verguilov, Camilla Maggio, L. Mohrmann, Jean-Pierre Ernenwein, M. Spir-Jacob, M. Karjalainen, Vitaly Neustroev, P. deWilt, M. Scalici, Victoria Moreno, A. Priyana Noel, A. López-Oramas, M. Lemoine-Goumard, N. Torres-Albà, Martin Makariev, C. van Rensburg, Oscar Blanch, S. Pita, Alexander Hahn, V. Sahakian, Yusuke Suda, S. Schwemmer, Thomas Lohse, Misao Sasaki, Daniel Morcuende, Johannes Veh, D. Jankowsky, Michael Kreter, D. Berge, Luca Tosti, R. Marx, F. Werner, V. Poireau, Andrea Santangelo, C. Nigro, Andreas Quirrenbach, Jose Luis Contreras, E. Ruiz-Velasco, Thomas Bylund, M. Tluczykont, V. D'Elia, A. S. Seyffert, Jose Miguel Miranda, Massimo Persic, L. Dirson, Efthalia Traianou, Carlo Vigorito, Sargis Gasparyan, Y. Kobayashi, Jacques Muller, Jeffrey A. Hodgson, Marek Jamrozy, Christoph Deil, I. Jung-Richardt, Joachim Hahn, Mohanraj Senniappan, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, K. Nakashima, Kleopas Shiningayamwe, Alice Donini, Michelle Tsirou, Yuki Iwamura, G. Maneva, L. A. Antonelli, Juan Cortina, Markus Holler, Michal Ostrowski, Wolfgang Rhode, L. Rinchiuso, Felix Jankowsky, Sebastian Panny, M. I. Martínez, Michael Zacharias, Ferdinando Giordano, Felix Aharonian, Lluis Font, J.-P. Lenain, Merja Tornikoski, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, M.-H. Grondin, Lenka Tomankova, Markus Böttcher, Alison Mitchell, Chiara Righi, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Alexandre Marcowith, P. Temnikov, Helene Sol, Sabrina Einecke, Iryna Lypova, Toshiaki Inada, Rodolfo Carosi, R. D. Parsons, Yvonne Becherini, Shunsuke Sakurai, L. Giunti, A. Nayerhoda, Arnaud Mares, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, Satoshi Fukami, Konstancja Satalecka, Stefan Funk, Johan Bregeon, Sidika Merve Colak, Alicja Wierzcholska, R. J. White, F. Leone, Michele Doro, D. Huber, Carolina Casadio, Anne Lähteenmäki, Masahiro Teshima, Domenico Tiziani, D. Malyshev, M. Panter, U. Katz, Heinrich J. Völk, G. Martí-Devesa, C. Levy, M. Renaud, J. A. Barrio, Kai Phillip Schmidt, L. Oakes, N. Giglietto, Simone Mender, Paolo Marchegiani, Ashot Chilingarian, Tjark Miener, James E. M. Watson, David Paneque, J. Bolmont, Manuela Mallamaci, Halim Ashkar, A. Sinha, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Kari Nilsson, B. van Soelen, B. Rudak, R. Adam, D. Miceli, M. Mohamed, Saverio Lombardi, E. Molina, P. T. O'Brien, E. Colombo, Lab Saha, Luca Foffano, C. van Eldik, G. Peron, Garret Cotter, D. Hadasch, D. A. Prokhorov, K. Kosack, Konrad Bernlöhr, B. Peyaud, I. Vovk, G. Pühlhofer, A. Reimer, J. F. Glicenstein, Bruno Khelifi, Serena Loporchio, I. Snidaric, Abelardo Moralejo, Andreas Specovius, E. Moretti, Bernd Schleicher, M. Minev, B. De Lotto, Andrés Baquero, A.M. Taylor, J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, Christo Venter, Ciro Bigongiari, A. Zech, M. Garczarczyk, R. López-Coto, Q. Piel, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), H.E.S.S., MAGIC, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), German Research Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Academy of Finland, University of Tokyo, La Caixa, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Ait Benkhali, F., Ang??ner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernl??hr, K., Bi, B., B??ttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonnefoy, S., de Bony de Lavergne, M., Bregeon, J., Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., B??chele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Cotter, G., Cury??o, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., Dewilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Ata??, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J. -P., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., Fichet de Clairfontaine, G., Filipovic, M., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., F????ling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M. -H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., H??rbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kastendieck, M. A., Katarzy??ski, K., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., Kh??lifi, B., Klepser, S., Klu??niak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemi??re, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., Mart??-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Mitchell, A. M. W., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moore, C., Morris, P., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Nayerhoda, A., de Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O???brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Priyana Noel, A., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., P??hlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Raab, S., Rauth, R., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Scalici, M., Sch??ssler, F., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, ??., Sun, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., van der Walt, D. J., van Eldik, C., van Rensburg, C., van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., V??lk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., Watson, J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu. W., Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zorn, J., Zouari, S., ywucka, N., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babi??, A., Baquero, A., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonz??lez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bo??njak, ??., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D???amico, G., D???elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espi??eira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garc??a L??pez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovi??, N., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., H??tten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., L??pez, M., L??pez-Coto, R., L??pez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Mart??nez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Mi??anovi??, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavleti??, L., Pe??il, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Rib??, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., nidari??, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suri??, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzi??, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alb??, N., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zari??, D., Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Boccardi, B., Casadio, C., Hodgson, J., Kim, J. -Y., Krichbaum, T. P., L??hteenm??ki, A., Tornikoski, M., Traianou, E., Weaver, Z. R., Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: non-thermal, quasars: individual: PKS 1510−089, galaxies: active, relativistic processes, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies [radiation mechanisms], Photon, individual: PKS 1510−089 [quasars], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal / quasars: individual: PKS 1510−089 / galaxies: active / relativistic processes, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, quasars: individual: PKS 1510-089, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxies: Active, Quasars: Individual: Pks 1510-089, Radiation mechanisms: Non-thermal, Relativistic processes, individual: PKS 1510-089 [quasars], MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Light curve, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], relativistic processes [radiation mechanisms], Extragalactic background light, Space and Planetary Science, active [galaxies], ddc:520, Física nuclear, quasars: individual: PKS 1510��089, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Flare
Abstract: The flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) PKS 1510−089 is known for its complex multiwavelength behaviour and it is one of only a few FSRQs detected in very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ rays. The VHE γ-ray observations with H.E.S.S. and MAGIC in late May and early June 2016 resulted in the detection of an unprecedented flare, which revealed, for the first time, VHE γ-ray intranight variability for this source. While a common variability timescale of 1.5 h has been found, there is a significant deviation near the end of the flare, with a timescale of ∼20 min marking the cessation of the event. The peak flux is nearly two orders of magnitude above the low-level emission. For the first time, a curvature was detected in the VHE γ-ray spectrum of PKS 1510–089, which can be fully explained by the absorption on the part of the extragalactic background light. Optical R-band observations with ATOM revealed a counterpart of the γ-ray flare, even though the detailed flux evolution differs from the VHE γ-ray light curve. Interestingly, a steep flux decrease was observed at the same time as the cessation of the VHE γ-ray flare. In the high-energy (HE, E > 100 MeV) γ-ray band, only a moderate flux increase was observed with Fermi-LAT, while the HE γ-ray spectrum significantly hardens up to a photon index of 1.6. A search for broad-line region (BLR) absorption features in the γ-ray spectrum indicates that the emission region is located outside of the BLR. Radio very-long-baseline interferometry observations reveal a fast-moving knot interacting with a standing jet feature around the time of the flare. As the standing feature is located ∼50 pc from the black hole, the emission region of the flare may have been located at a significant distance from the black hole. If this is indeed a true correlation, the VHE γ rays must have been produced far down in the jet, where turbulent plasma crosses a standing shock., Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, ISSN:0004-6361, ISSN:1432-0746
Published: 2021

22. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation

Author: J.-P. Lenain, A. Domínguez, Jonathan Ivor Davies, T. Armstrong, A. A. Zdziarski, F. Gianotti, M. Balbo, E. O. Angüner, M. Marculewicz, Alasdair E. Gent, Alice Donini, Olivier Hervet, Henry Przybilski, Giacomo Principe, G. Leto, M. Peresano, Stefano Covino, P. A. Caraveo, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, D. de Martino, V. V. Vassiliev, D. Cauz, F. R. Pantaleo, U. Barres de Almeida, Pietro Bruno, E. Lindfors, M. Zavrtanik, G. Hughes, Miriam Lucio Martinez, P. Bordas, Y. Suda, G. S. Varner, R. Rando, K. Cerny, S. Pita, Csaba Balázs, E. Fiandrini, Michael Backes, Tomohiko Oka, Massimo Persic, Andrea Chiavassa, Johannes Veh, A. Stamerra, Fabrizio Tavecchio, B. Biasuzzi, Michael Punch, Soebur Razzaque, F. D'Ammando, P. I. Batista, Bruna Bertucci, F. Longo, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Michael G. Burton, Bohdan Hnatyk, P. Sangiorgi, E. M. Santos, D. Nosek, Gagik Tovmassian, J. L. Dournaux, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, A. Aguirre-Santaella, M. Orienti, Lluis Font, Andreas Quirrenbach, Philippe Laporte, Ralf Kissmann, Francesco Lucarelli, K. Noda, I. Jiménez Martínez, G. Romeo, Wystan Benbow, P. Romano, B. Bi, J. Grube, H.-S. Zechlin, Giacomo Bonnoli, Martin White, J. P. Osborne, Enrico Cascone, Marek Jamrozy, C. Alispach, Miroslav Pech, O. Cuevas, Petr Schovanek, K. Hayashi, V. I. Zhdanov, Javier Coronado-Blázquez, D. Medina Miranda, Barbara Balmaverde, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, Frank M. Rieger, A. Shalchi, J. M. Paredes, Ruben Alfaro, N. Giglietto, Diego Falceta-Gonçalves, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, Ayan Acharyya, Dominik Elsässer, S. Vercellone, D. Pimentel, T. Mizuno, Alessandro Bruno, Juan Abel Barrio, K. Kosack, Mauro Orlandini, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, P. Marquez, Adrian Biland, Y. Kobayashi, Nicholas F. H Tothill, M. de Naurois, Daniele Spiga, Lili Yang, L. Tibaldo, Pavel Horvath, M. Lopez, I. Sadeh, Marek Nikolajuk, F. Schüssler, Reshmi Mukherjee, Gianpaolo Vettolani, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, R. Hnatyk, German Martinez, Diego F. Torres, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, N. Parmiggiani, G. Lamanna, Marcos Santander, S. Fegan, I. Vovk, M. Sánchez-Conde, Wiphu Rujopakarn, Norita Kawanaka, R. C. Shellard, Michael C. B. Ashley, J. Jurysek, Francisco J. Franco, Samuel Timothy Spencer, E. Rebert, J. Morales Merino, M. Pecimotika, Marco Berton, Regis Terrier, G. A. Beck, Carlos Díaz, J. L. Contreras, G. Zaharijas, R. Moderski, José-María Martí, A. Insolia, D. Zavrtanik, K. Kohri, Ladislav Chytka, T. Grabarczyk, A. Zech, M. Garczarczyk, Anastasia Sokolenko, J. Lefaucheur, R. A. Cameron, Moritz Hütten, S. Karkar, K. Pfrang, V. Poireau, Asaf Pe'er, A. Reimer, Fabio Acero, L. Freixas Coromina, David Sánchez, Jonathan S. Lapington, Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos, J.R. Hörandel, Mario Buscemi, Francesco Dazzi, Abelardo Moralejo, J. Bolmont, R. White, A. Rosales de Leon, J. Prast, Sabrina Einecke, Roberto Aloisio, Yvonne Becherini, Andreas Specovius, Shohei Yanagita, Juan Cortina, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Petr Janecek, D. Depaoli, Lucas Taylor, U. Schwanke, H. Abdalla, S. Recchia, Manuela Mallamaci, M. K. Daniel, Q. Feng, L. Baroncelli, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Susumu Inoue, U. Straumann, Masatoshi Ohishi, Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Nu. Komin, Federico Russo, R. de Cássia dos Anjos, Y. Ohira, Ferdinando Giordano, Nagisa Hiroshima, E. Garcia, Gavin Rowell, V. Bozhilov, Maxim V. Barkov, Dario Hrupec, I. Oya, F. Salesa Greus, Anna Wolter, M. Živec, R. Belmont, R. Adam, T. Reposeur, J. Rico, A. W. Chen, G. Pühlhofer, H. Prokoph, Stefan Wagner, F. Di Pierro, Fabrizio Bocchino, M. de Bony de Lavergne, A. Kong, Masha Chernyakova, M. Pohl, M. Vazquez Acosta, A. Nagai, A. Brill, Dusan Mandat, Jonathan Biteau, Martin Makariev, Catherine Boisson, E. Lyard, Gilles Maurin, H. Martínez-Huerta, Oscar Blanch, Bernd Schleicher, M. Minev, A. Berti, James E. M. Watson, Talvikki Hovatta, M. Valentino, Luis Ángel Tejedor, Elena Amato, M. V. Fonseca, Anderson Caproni, L. Mohrmann, P. Reichherzer, R. L. C. Starling, M. Seglar Arroyo, E. Orlando, B. Rudak, G. Emery, J. A. Green, Salvo Scuderi, M. Prouza, Tom Richtler, Bartłomiej Pilszyk, A. Carosi, Jacek Niemiec, Wolfgang Rhode, G. Ambrosi, D. Ribeiro, A. Wierzcholska, A. Ghalumyan, Eugenio Bottacini, Sylvain Chaty, A. Baquero Larriva, Olaf Reimer, D. Horan, Fabian Leuschner, T. Di Girolamo, Alessandro Caccianiga, Martin Will, Saverio Lombardi, A. Fiasson, Mitsunari Takahashi, J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez, B. De Lotto, V. De Caprio, Stefano Truzzi, Dirk L. Hoffmann, M. Vecchi, Antonio Pagliaro, Jose J. Gonzalez, Wenwu Tian, R. Della Ceca, J. Becerra González, S. Nozaki, T. Vuillaume, S. L. Lloyd, Maria Ionica, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Petr Travnicek, Y. Ascasibar, Carlo Vigorito, F. Tuossenel, Malcolm Fairbairn, O. Martinez, Marco Iarlori, Serena Loporchio, Alessandro Costa, R. Pillera, A. Morselli, M. Heller, Jaime Rosado, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, V. Vitale, A. M. Brown, E. Molina, Takashi Saito, A. De Angelis, Thomas Murach, R. A. Ong, J. Bregeon, P. T. O'Brien, Mikael Jacquemont, P. Cristofari, Francesco Conte, Lab Saha, R. Walter, Vitalii Sliusar, W. Jin, Vito Conforti, N. Produit, H. Siejkowski, Lovro Pavletić, Carole Mundell, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. F. Glicenstein, Paresh Sharma, C. Delgado, Vladimír Karas, Luca Foffano, J. Granot, Manuel Meyer, Reiko Orito, G. Umana, G. Chiaro, D. Tonev, R. Wiemann, G. Manicò, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, Luca Tosti, Markus Böttcher, Andrea Bulgarelli, C. Díaz-Bahamondes, I. Jung-Richardt, Karol Seweryn, P. Piatteli, Agnieszka Slowikowska, Jan Ebr, M. Ostrowski, J. L. Rodriguez, D. della Volpe, Ermanno Pietropaolo, M. Caprai, T. Montaruli, A. Lopez, Rodrigo Nemmen, R. R. Prado, L. Arrabito, Atreyee Sinha, C. van Eldik, Serguei Vorobiov, Hidetoshi Sano, J. Alfaro, Sabrina Casanova, G. Maneva, B. Vallage, Valentina Fioretti, Carmelo Evoli, P. Kaaret, B. A. W. Mode, Agnieszka Majczyna, Sebastian Diebold, A. Scherer, F. de Palma, S. Hernández Cadena, V. Beshley, T.R.N. Ekoume, David A. Williams, M. Capasso, A. Halim, Alison Mitchell, Tomislav Terzić, Paola Grandi, Lorenzo Amati, Christopher Eckner, David Gascon, K. Nishijima, J. Becker Tjus, B. Khélifi, G. Galanti, Jamie Holder, Vincenzo Rizi, Orel Gueta, Daniele Gaggero, F. Pintore, Utane Sawangwit, Vassil Verguilov, Heide Costantini, F. Arqueros, Daniel Kerszberg, P. M. Chadwick, D. Zarić, Marc Ribó, Olga Sergijenko, Dario Grasso, Hidetoshi Kubo, Daniela Dorner, T. Stolarczyk, M. Gaug, R. Alves Batista, Elisa Bernardini, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, Jim Hinton, Jelena Strišković, Andreu Sanuy, M. Servillat, V. Barbosa Martins, Giovanni Bonanno, S. Gunji, R. Wischnewski, S. Sarkar, Gianluca Giavitto, Takeshi Nakamori, M. Palatka, Maria Letizia Pumo, Camilla Maggio, M. Zacharias, Katsuaki Asano, Valerio Vagelli, Anton Dmytriiev, Ryo Yamazaki, M. Vacula, P. Goldoni, Gilles Fontaine, Hiroshi Muraishi, D. Mazin, Samo Stanič, G. Ghirlanda, M. Polo, M. Nievas, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Oleh Petruk, Jose Miguel Miranda, M. Iori, A. Marcowith, Y. Renier, Satoshi Fukami, M. Roncadelli, F. Leone, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Ana Luiza d'Ávila Viana, Y. Fukui, Max Harvey, Sera Markoff, I. Agudo, P. Temnikov, Vincenzo Testa, R. López-Coto, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, Tjark Miener, David Paneque, V. Gammaldi, T. Hassan Collado, H. Abe, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, S. D. Vergani, Sasa Micanovic, P. Vallania, Marina Manganaro, Elena Torresi, M. Giarrusso, G. Ferrand, Paweł Świerk, B. Patricelli, Matteo Cerruti, N. La Palombara, D. Morcuende-Parrilla, V. de Souza, Toshiaki Inada, Yasushi Fukazawa, Werner Hofmann, Michele Doro, E. Pueschel, A. Araudo, E. Sciacca, Thomas Lohse, A. Djannati-Ataï, Abdalla, H., Abe, H., Acero, F., Acharyya, A., Adam, R., Agudo, I., Aguirre-Santaella, A., Alfaro, R., Alfaro, J., Alispach, C., Aloisio, R., Alves Batista, R., Amati, L., Amato, E., Ambrosi, G., Ang??ner, E. O., Araudo, A., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Arrabito, L., Asano, K., Ascas??bar, Y., Ashley, M., Backes, M., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Balmaverde, B., Baquero Larriva, A., Barbosa Martins, V., Barkov, M., Baroncelli, L., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Batista, P. -I., Becerra Gonz??lez, J., Becherini, Y., Beck, G., Becker Tjus, J., Belmont, R., Benbow, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Berton, M., Bertucci, B., Beshley, V., Bi, B., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Bocchino, F., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonanno, G., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Bottacini, E., B??ttcher, M., Bozhilov, V., Bregeon, J., Brill, A., Brown, A. M., Bruno, P., Bruno, A., Bulgarelli, A., Burton, M., Buscemi, M., Caccianiga, A., Cameron, R., Capasso, M., Caprai, M., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Cauz, D., Cerny, K., Cerruti, M., Chadwick, P., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chernyakova, M., Chiaro, G., Chiavassa, A., Chytka, L., Conforti, V., Conte, F., Contreras, J. L., Coronado-Blazquez, J., Cortina, J., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Covino, S., Cristofari, P., Cuevas, O., D'Ammando, F., Daniel, M. K., Davies, J., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., de Bony de Lavergne, M., De Caprio, V., de C??ssia dos Anjos, R., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Lotto, B., De Martino, D., de Naurois, M., de O??a Wilhelmi, E., De Palma, F., de Souza, V., Delgado, C., Della Ceca, R., della Volpe, D., Depaoli, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Pierro, F., D??az, C., D??az-Bahamondes, C., Diebold, S., Djannati-Ata??, A., Dmytriiev, A., Dom??nguez, A., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dournaux, J., Dwarkadas, V. V., Ebr, J., Eckner, C., Einecke, S., Ekoume, T. R. N., Els??sser, D., Emery, G., Evoli, C., Fairbairn, M., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Fegan, S., Feng, Q., Ferrand, G., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Fioretti, V., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fontaine, G., Franco, F. J., Freixas Coromina, L., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Gaggero, D., Galanti, G., Gammaldi, V., Garcia, E., Garczarczyk, M., Gascon, D., Gaug, M., Gent, A., Ghalumyan, A., Ghirlanda, G., Gianotti, F., Giarrusso, M., Giavitto, G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glicenstein, J., Goldoni, P., Gonz??lez, J. M., Gourgouliatos, K., Grabarczyk, T., Grandi, P., Granot, J., Grasso, D., Green, J., Grube, J., Gueta, O., Gunji, S., Halim, A., Harvey, M., Hassan Collado, T., Hayashi, K., Heller, M., Hern??ndez Cadena, S., Hervet, O., Hinton, J., Hiroshima, N., Hnatyk, B., Hnatyk, R., Hoffmann, D., Hofmann, W., Holder, J., Horan, D., H??randel, J., Horvath, P., Hovatta, T., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., H??tten, M., Iarlori, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Insolia, A., Ionica, M., Iori, M., Jacquemont, M., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jim??nez Mart??nez, I., Jin, W., Jung-Richardt, I., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Karas, V., Karkar, S., Kawanaka, N., Kerszberg, D., Kh??lifi, B., Kissmann, R., Kn??dlseder, J., Kobayashi, Y., Kohri, K., Komin, N., Kong, A., Kosack, K., Kubo, H., La Palombara, N., Lamanna, G., Lang, R. G., Lapington, J., Laporte, P., Lefaucheur, J., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J., Leone, F., Leto, G., Leuschner, F., Lindfors, E., Lloyd, S., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, A., L??pez, M., L??pez-Coto, R., Loporchio, S., Lucarelli, F., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Lyard, E., Maggio, C., Majczyna, A., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Manic??, G., Marcowith, A., Marculewicz, M., Markoff, S., Marquez, P., Mart??, J., Martinez, O., Mart??nez, M., Mart??nez, G., Mart??nez-Huerta, H., Maurin, G., Mazin, D., Mbarubucyeye, J. D., Medina Miranda, D., Meyer, M., Micanovic, S., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mitchell, A., Mizuno, T., Mode, B., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morales Merino, J., Morcuende-Parrilla, D., Morselli, A., Mukherjee, R., Mundell, C., Murach, T., Muraishi, H., Nagai, A., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas, M., Nikolajuk, M., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Nozaki, S., O'Brien, P., Ohira, Y., Ohishi, M., Oka, T., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Orlandini, M., Orlando, E., Osborne, J. P., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Pagliaro, A., Palatka, M., Paneque, D., Pantaleo, F. R., Paredes, J. M., Parmiggiani, N., Patricelli, B., Pavleti??, L., Pe'Er, A., Pech, M., Pecimotika, M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Petruk, O., Pfrang, K., Piatteli, P., Pietropaolo, E., Pillera, R., Pilszyk, B., Pimentel, D., Pintore, F., Pita, S., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Polo, M., Prado, R. R., Prast, J., Principe, G., Produit, N., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Przybilski, H., Pueschel, E., P??hlhofer, G., Pumo, M. L., Punch, M., Queiroz, F., Quirrenbach, A., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Rebert, E., Recchia, S., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, O., Reimer, A., Renier, Y., Reposeur, T., Rhode, W., Ribeiro, D., Rib??, M., Richtler, T., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Rizi, V., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Ramirez, J. C., Rodr??guez V??zquez, J. J., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Roncadelli, M., Rosado, J., Rosales de Leon, A., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rujopakarn, W., Russo, F., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Saito, T., Salesa Greus, F., Sanchez, D., S??nchez-Conde, M., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santos, E. M., Sanuy, A., Sarkar, S., Saturni, F. G., Sawangwit, U., Scherer, A., Schleicher, B., Schovanek, P., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Sciacca, E., Scuderi, S., Seglar Arroyo, M., Sergijenko, O., Servillat, M., Seweryn, K., Shalchi, A., Sharma, P., Shellard, R. C., Siejkowski, H., Sinha, A., Sliusar, V., Slowikowska, A., Sokolenko, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spiga, D., Stamerra, A., Stani??, S., Starling, R., Stolarczyk, T., Straumann, U., Stri??kovi??, J., Suda, Y., wierk, P., Tagliaferri, G., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Taylor, L., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terrier, R., Terzic, T., Testa, V., Tian, W., Tibaldo, L., Tonev, D., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, L., Tothill, N., Tovmassian, G., Travnicek, P., Truzzi, S., Tuossenel, F., Umana, G., Vacula, M., Vagelli, V., Valentino, M., Vallage, B., Vallania, P., van Eldik, C., Varner, G. S., Vassiliev, V., V??zquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Veh, J., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Verguilov, V., Vettolani, G. P., Viana, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vorobiov, S., Vovk, I., Vuillaume, T., Wagner, S. J., Walter, R., Watson, J., White, M., White, R., Wiemann, R., Wierzcholska, A., Will, M., Williams, D. A., Wischnewski, R., Wolter, A., Yamazaki, R., Yanagita, S., Yang, L., Yoshikoshi, T., Zacharias, M., Zaharijas, G., Zaric, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zechlin, H., Zhdanov, V. I., ivec, M., Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Academy of Finland, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, National Science Centre (Poland), Slovenian Research Agency, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CTA, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Batista, R. A., Anguner, E. O., Ascasibar, Y., Larriva, A. B., Martins, V. B., De Almeida, U. B., Gonzalez, J. B., Tjus, J. B., Arbeletche, L. B., Bottcher, M., Angelis, A. D., De Lavergne, M. D. B., Caprio, V. D., De Dos Anjos, R. C., De Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., Lotto, B. D., Martino, D. D., De Naurois, M., Wilhelmi, E. D. O., DE PALMA, F., De Souza, V., Ceca, R. D., Volpe, D. D., Girolamo, T. D., Pierro, F. D., Diaz, C., Diaz-Bahamondes, C., Djannati-Atai, A., Dominguez, A., Elsasser, D., Coromina, L. F., Gonzalez, J. M., Collado, T. H., Cadena, S. H., Horandel, J., Hutten, M., Martinez, I. J., Khelifi, B., Knodlseder, J., Palombara, N. L., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Manico, G., Marti, J., Martinez, M., Martinez, G., Martinez-Huerta, H., Miranda, D. M., Merino, J. M., Pavletic, L., Puhlhofer, G., Ribo, M., Fernandez, G. R., Ramirez, J. C. R., Vazquez, J. J. R., De Leon, A. R., Greus, F. S., Sanchez-Conde, M., Arroyo, M. S., Stanic, S., Striskovic, J., Swierk, P., Eldik, C. V., Acosta, M. V., Zivec, M., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdalla H., Abe H., Acero F., Acharyya A., Adam R., Agudo I., Aguirre-Santaella A., Alfaro R., Alfaro J., Alispach C., Aloisio R., Batista R.A., Amati L., Amato E., Ambrosi G., Anguner E.O., Araudo A., Armstrong T., Arqueros F., Arrabito L., Asano K., Ascasibar Y., Ashley M., Backes M., Balazs C., Balbo M., Balmaverde B., Larriva A.B., Martins V.B., Barkov M., Baroncelli L., De Almeida U.B., Barrio J.A., Batista P.-I., Gonzalez J.B., Becherini Y., Beck G., Tjus J.B., Belmont R., Benbow W., Bernardini E., Berti A., Berton M., Bertucci B., Beshley V., Bi B., Biasuzzi B., Biland A., Bissaldi E., Biteau J., Blanch O., Bocchino F., Boisson C., Bolmont J., Bonanno G., Arbeletche L.B., Bonnoli G., Bordas P., Bottacini E., Bottcher M., Bozhilov V., Bregeon J., Brill A., Brown A.M., Bruno P., Bruno A., Bulgarelli A., Burton M., Buscemi M., Caccianiga A., Cameron R., Capasso M., Caprai M., Caproni A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta R., Caraveo P., Carosi R., Carosi A., Casanova S., Cascone E., Cauz D., Cerny K., Cerruti M., Chadwick P., Chaty S., Chen A., Chernyakova M., Chiaro G., Chiavassa A., Chytka L., Conforti V., Conte F., Contreras J.L., Coronado-Blazquez J., Cortina J., Costa A., Costantini H., Covino S., Cristofari P., Cuevas O., D'Ammando F., Daniel M.K., Davies J., Dazzi F., Angelis A.D., De Lavergne M.D.B., Caprio V.D., De Dos Anjos R.C., De Gouveia Dal Pino E.M., Lotto B.D., Martino D.D., De Naurois M., Wilhelmi E.D.O., Palma F.D., De Souza V., Delgado C., Ceca R.D., Volpe D.D., Depaoli D., Girolamo T.D., Pierro F.D., Diaz C., Diaz-Bahamondes C., Diebold S., Djannati-Atai A., Dmytriiev A., Dominguez A., Donini A., Dorner D., Doro M., Dournaux J., Dwarkadas V.V., Ebr J., Eckner C., Einecke S., Ekoume T.R.N., Elsasser D., Emery G., Evoli C., Fairbairn M., Falceta-Goncalves D., Fegan S., Feng Q., Ferrand G., Fiandrini E., Fiasson A., Fioretti V., Foffano L., Fonseca M.V., Font L., Fontaine G., Franco F.J., Coromina L.F., Fukami S., Fukazawa Y., Fukui Y., Gaggero D., Galanti G., Gammaldi V., Garcia E., Garczarczyk M., Gascon D., Gaug M., Gent A., Ghalumyan A., Ghirlanda G., Gianotti F., Giarrusso M., Giavitto G., Giglietto N., Giordano F., Glicenstein J., Goldoni P., Gonzalez J.M., Gourgouliatos K., Grabarczyk T., Grandi P., Granot J., Grasso D., Green J., Grube J., Gueta O., Gunji S., Halim A., Harvey M., Collado T.H., Hayashi K., Heller M., Cadena S.H., Hervet O., Hinton J., Hiroshima N., Hnatyk B., Hnatyk R., Hoffmann D., Hofmann W., Holder J., Horan D., Horandel J., Horvath P., Hovatta T., Hrabovsky M., Hrupec D., Hughes G., Hutten M., Iarlori M., Inada T., Inoue S., Insolia A., Ionica M., Iori M., Jacquemont M., Jamrozy M., Janecek P., Martinez I.J., Jin W., Jung-Richardt I., Jurysek J., Kaaret P., Karas V., Karkar S., Kawanaka N., Kerszberg D., Khelifi B., Kissmann R., Knodlseder J., Kobayashi Y., Kohri K., Komin N., Kong A., Kosack K., Kubo H., Palombara N.L., Lamanna G., Lang R.G., Lapington J., Laporte P., Lefaucheur J., Lemoine-Goumard M., Lenain J., Leone F., Leto G., Leuschner F., Lindfors E., Lloyd S., Lohse T., Lombardi S., Longo F., Lopez A., Lopez M., Lopez-Coto R., Loporchio S., Lucarelli F., Luque-Escamilla P.L., Lyard E., Maggio C., Majczyna A., Makariev M., Mallamaci M., Mandat D., Maneva G., Manganaro M., Manico G., Marcowith A., Marculewicz M., Markoff S., Marquez P., Marti J., Martinez O., Martinez M., Martinez G., Martinez-Huerta H., Maurin G., Mazin D., Mbarubucyeye J.D., Miranda D.M., Meyer M., Micanovic S., Miener T., Minev M., Miranda J.M., Mitchell A., Mizuno T., Mode B., Moderski R., Mohrmann L., Molina E., Montaruli T., Moralejo A., Merino J.M., Morcuende-Parrilla D., Morselli A., Mukherjee R., Mundell C., Murach T., Muraishi H., Nagai A., Nakamori T., Nemmen R., Niemiec J., Nieto D., Nievas M., Nikolajuk M., Nishijima K., Noda K., Nosek D., Nozaki S., O'Brien P., Ohira Y., Ohishi M., Oka T., Ong R.A., Orienti M., Orito R., Orlandini M., Orlando E., Osborne J.P., Ostrowski M., Oya I., Pagliaro A., Palatka M., Paneque D., Pantaleo F.R., Paredes J.M., Parmiggiani N., Patricelli B., Pavletic L., Pe'Er A., Pech M., Pecimotika M., Peresano M., Persic M., Petruk O., Pfrang K., Piatteli P., Pietropaolo E., Pillera R., Pilszyk B., Pimentel D., Pintore F., Pita S., Pohl M., Poireau V., Polo M., Prado R.R., Prast J., Principe G., Produit N., Prokoph H., Prouza M., Przybilski H., Pueschel E., Puhlhofer G., Pumo M.L., Punch M., Queiroz F., Quirrenbach A., Rando R., Razzaque S., Rebert E., Recchia S., Reichherzer P., Reimer O., Reimer A., Renier Y., Reposeur T., Rhode W., Ribeiro D., Ribo M., Richtler T., Rico J., Rieger F., Rizi V., Rodriguez J., Fernandez G.R., Ramirez J.C.R., Vazquez J.J.R., Romano P., Romeo G., Roncadelli M., Rosado J., De Leon A.R., Rowell G., Rudak B., Rujopakarn W., Russo F., Sadeh I., Saha L., Saito T., Greus F.S., Sanchez D., Sanchez-Conde M., Sangiorgi P., Sano H., Santander M., Santos E.M., Sanuy A., Sarkar S., Saturni F.G., Sawangwit U., Scherer A., Schleicher B., Schovanek P., Schussler F., Schwanke U., Sciacca E., Scuderi S., Arroyo M.S., Sergijenko O., Servillat M., Seweryn K., Shalchi A., Sharma P., Shellard R.C., Siejkowski H., Sinha A., Sliusar V., Slowikowska A., Sokolenko A., Sol H., Specovius A., Spencer S., Spiga D., Stamerra A., Stanic S., Starling R., Stolarczyk T., Straumann U., Striskovic J., Suda Y., Swierk P., Tagliaferri G., Takahashi H., Takahashi M., Tavecchio F., Taylor L., Tejedor L.A., Temnikov P., Terrier R., Terzic T., Testa V., Tian W., Tibaldo L., Tonev D., Torres D.F., Torresi E., Tosti L., Tothill N., Tovmassian G., Travnicek P., Truzzi S., Tuossenel F., Umana G., Vacula M., Vagelli V., Valentino M., Vallage B., Vallania P., Eldik C.V., Varner G.S., Vassiliev V., Acosta M.V., Vecchi M., Veh J., Vercellone S., Vergani S., Verguilov V., Vettolani G.P., Viana A., Vigorito C.F., Vitale V., Vorobiov S., Vovk I., Vuillaume T., Wagner S.J., Walter R., Watson J., White M., White R., Wiemann R., Wierzcholska A., Will M., Williams D.A., Wischnewski R., Wolter A., Yamazaki R., Yanagita S., Yang L., Yoshikoshi T., Zacharias M., Zaharijas G., Zaric D., Zavrtanik M., Zavrtanik D., Zdziarski A.A., Zech A., Zechlin H., Zhdanov V.I., Zivec M., ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, AUS, BRA, BGR, CHL, HRV, FIN, JPN, IRL, MEX, NAM, NLD, POL, CZE, SVN, SWE, CHE, UKR, Astronomy, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gamma ray Astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, axions, MATÉRIA ESCURA, redshift: dependence, Astronomy, Gamma ray experiments, gamma ray experiments, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, Observatory, cosmological model: parameter space, gamma ray experiment, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, Cherenkov telescopes, IACT technique, Gamma rays, Cosmic rays, new physics, 4. Education, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, violation: Lorentz, 3. Good health, observatory, Extragalactic background light, astro-ph.CO, axion-like particles, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, gamma ray: propagation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Active galactic nucleus, Axions, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, invariance: Lorentz, jet: relativistic, dark matter: halo, 0103 physical sciences, active galactic nuclei, extragalactic magnetic fields, AGN, Blazar, background, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, sensitivity, axion, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], absorption, statistical, Blazars, Telescopes
Abstract: Full list of authors: Abdalla, H.; Abe, H.; Acero, F.; Acharyya, A.; Adam, R.; Agudo, I; Aguirre-Santaella, A.; Alfaro, R.; Alfaro, J.; Alispach, C.; Aloisio, R.; Batista, R. Alves; Amati, L.; Amato, E.; Ambrosi, G.; Anguner, E. O.; Araudo, A.; Armstrong, T.; Arqueros, F.; Arrabito, L.; Asano, K.; Ascasibar, Y.; Ashley, M.; Backes, M.; Balazs, C.; Balbo, M.; Balmaverde, B.; Baquero Larriva, A.; Martins, V. Barbosa; Barkov, M.; Baroncelli, L.; de Almeida, U. Barres; Barrio, J. A.; Batista, P-, I; Becerra Gonzalez, J.; Becherini, Y.; Beck, G.; Tjus, J. Becker; Belmont, R.; Benbow, W.; Bernardini, E.; Berti, A.; Berton, M.; Bertucci, B.; Beshley, V; Bi, B.; Biasuzzi, B.; Biland, A.; Bissaldi, E.; Biteau, J.; Blanch, O.; Bocchino, F.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bonanno, G.; Arbeletche, L. Bonneau; Bonnoli, G.; Bordas, P.; Bottacini, E.; Bottcher, M.; Bozhilov, V; Bregeon, J.; Brill, A.; Brown, A. M.; Bruno, P.; Bruno, A.; Bulgarelli, A.; Burton, M.; Buscemi, M.; Caccianiga, A.; Cameron, R.; Capasso, M.; Caprai, M.; Caproni, A.; Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R.; Caraveo, P.; Carosi, R.; Carosi, A.; Casanova, S.; Cascone, E.; Cauz, D.; Cerny, K.; Cerruti, M.; Chadwick, P.; Chaty, S.; Chen, A.; Chernyakova, M.; Chiaro, G.; Chiavassa, A.; Chytka, L.; Conforti, V; Conte, F.; Contreras, J. L.; Coronado-Blazquez, J.; Cortina, J.; Costa, A.; Costantini, H.; Covino, S.; Cristofari, P.; Cuevas, O.; D'Ammando, F.; Daniel, M. K.; Davies, J.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; de Lavergne, M. de Bony; De Caprio, V; dos Anjos, R. de Cassia; Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia; De Lotto, B.; De Martino, D.; de Naurois, M.; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona; De Palma, F.; de Souza, V; Delgado, C.; Della Ceca, R.; della Volpe, D.; Depaoli, D.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Pierro, F.; Diaz, C.; Diaz-Bahamondes, C.; Diebold, S.; Djannati-Atai, A.; Dmytriiev, A.; Dominguez, A.; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Dournaux, J.; Dwarkadas, V. V.; Ebr, J.; Eckner, C.; Einecke, S.; Ekoume, T. R. N.; Elsaesser, D.; Emery, G.; Evoli, C.; Fairbairn, M.; Falceta-Goncalves, D.; Fegan, S.; Feng, Q.; Ferrand, G.; Fiandrini, E.; Fiasson, A.; Fioretti, V; Foffano, L.; Fonseca, M., V; Font, L.; Fontaine, G.; Franco, F. J.; Freixas Coromina, L.; Fukami, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fukui, Y.; Gaggero, D.; Galanti, G.; Gammaldi, V; Garcia, E.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gascon, D.; Gaug, M.; Gent, A.; Ghalumyan, A.; Ghirlanda, G.; Gianotti, F.; Giarrusso, M.; Giavitto, G.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Glicenstein, J.; Goldoni, P.; Gonzalez, J. M.; Gourgouliatos, K.; Grabarczyk, T.; Grandi, P.; Granot, J.; Grasso, D.; Green, J.; Grube, J.; Gueta, O.; Gunji, S.; Halim, A.; Harvey, M.; Collado, T. Hassan; Hayashi, K.; Heller, M.; Cadena, S. Hernandez; Hervet, O.; Hinton, J.; Hiroshima, N.; Hnatyk, B.; Hnatyk, R.; Hoffmann, D.; Hofmann, W.; Holder, J.; Horan, D.; Horandel, J.; Horvath, P.; Hovatta, T.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Hughes, G.; Hutten, M.; Iarlori, M.; Inada, T.; Inoue, S.; Insolia, A.; Ionica, M.; Iori, M.; Jacquemont, M.; Jamrozy, M.; Janecek, P.; Jimenez Martinez, I; Jin, W.; Jung-Richardt, I; Jurysek, J.; Kaaret, P.; Karas, V; Karkar, S.; Kawanaka, N.; Kerszberg, D.; Khelifi, B.; Kissmann, R.; Knodlseder, J.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kohri, K.; Komin, N.; Kong, A.; Kosack, K.; Kubo, H.; La Palombara, N.; Lamanna, G.; Lang, R. G.; Lapington, J.; Laporte, P.; Lefaucheur, J.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.; Leone, F.; Leto, G.; Leuschner, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lloyd, S.; Lohse, T.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; Lopez, A.; Lopez, M.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Loporchio, S.; Lucarelli, F.; Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Lyard, E.; Maggio, C.; Majczyna, A.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Mandat, D.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Manico, G.; Marcowith, A.; Marculewicz, M.; Markoff, S.; Marquez, P.; Marti, J.; Martinez, O.; Martinez, M.; Martinez, G.; Martinez-Huerta, H.; Maurin, G.; Mazin, D.; Mbarubucyeye, J. D.; Miranda, D. Medina; Meyer, M.; Micanovic, S.; Miener, T.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mitchell, A.; Mizuno, T.; Mode, B.; Moderski, R.; Mohrmann, L.; Molina, E.; Montaruli, T.; Moralejo, A.; Morales Merino, J.; Morcuende-Parrilla, D.; Morselli, A.; Mukherjee, R.; Mundell, C.; Murach, T.; Muraishi, H.; Nagai, A.; Nakamori, T.; Nemmen, R.; Niemiec, J.; Nieto, D.; Nievas, M.; Nikolajuk, M.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nosek, D.; Nozaki, S.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Oka, T.; Ong, R. A.; Orienti, M.; Orito, R.; Orlandini, M.; Orlando, E.; Osborne, J. P.; Ostrowski, M.; Oya, I; Pagliaro, A.; Palatka, M.; Paneque, D.; Pantaleo, F. R.; Paredes, J. M.; Parmiggiani, N.; Patricelli, B.; Pavletic, L.; Pe'er, A.; Pech, M.; Pecimotika, M.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Petruk, O.; Pfrang, K.; Piatteli, P.; Pietropaolo, E.; Pillera, R.; Pilszyk, B.; Pimentel, D.; Pintore, F.; Pita, S.; Pohl, M.; Poireau, V; Polo, M.; Prado, R. R.; Prast, J.; Principe, G.; Produit, N.; Prokoph, H.; Prouza, M.; Przybilski, H.; Pueschel, E.; Puehlhofer, G.; Pumo, M. L.; Punch, M.; Queiroz, F.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rando, R.; Razzaque, S.; Rebert, E.; Recchia, S.; Reichherzer, P.; Reimer, O.; Reimer, A.; Renier, Y.; Reposeur, T.; Rhode, W.; Ribeiro, D.; Ribo, M.; Richtler, T.; Rico, J.; Rieger, F.; Rizi, V; Rodriguez, J.; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez; Ramirez, J. C. Rodriguez; Rodriguez Vazquez, J. J.; Romano, P.; Romeo, G.; Roncadelli, M.; Rosado, J.; de Leon, A. Rosales; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Rujopakarn, W.; Russo, F.; Sadeh, I; Saha, L.; Saito, T.; Greus, F. Salesa; Sanchez, D.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Sangiorgi, P.; Sano, H.; Santander, M.; Santos, E. M.; Sanuy, A.; Sarkar, S.; Saturni, F. G.; Sawangwit, U.; Scherer, A.; Schleicher, B.; Schovanek, P.; Schussler, F.; Schwanke, U.; Sciacca, E.; Scuderi, S.; Arroyo, M. Seglar; Sergijenko, O.; Servillat, M.; Seweryn, K.; Shalchi, A.; Sharma, P.; Shellard, R. C.; Siejkowski, H.; Sinha, A.; Sliusar, V; Slowikowska, A.; Sokolenko, A.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spencer, S.; Spiga, D.; Stamerra, A.; Starling, R.; Stolarczyk, T.; Straumann, U.; Striskovic, J.; Suda, Y.; Tagliaferri, G.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Taylor, L.; Tejedor, L. A.; Temnikov, P.; Terrier, R.; Terzic, T.; Testa, V; Tian, W.; Tibaldo, L.; Tonev, D.; Torres, D. F.; Torresi, E.; Tosti, L.; Tothill, N.; Tovmassian, G.; Travnicek, P.; Truzzi, S.; Tuossenel, F.; Umana, G.; Vacula, M.; Vagelli, V.; Valentino, M.; Vallage, B.; Vallania, P.; van Eldik, C.; Varner, G. S.; Vassiliev, V.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Veh, J.; Vercellone, S.; Vergani, S.; Verguilov, V.; Vettolani, G. P.; Viana, A.; Vigorito, C. F.; Vitale, V.; Vorobiov, S.; Vovk, I; Vuillaume, T.; Wagner, S. J.; Walter, R.; Watson, J.; White, M.; White, R.; Wiemann, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Will, M.; Williams, D. A.; Wischnewski, R.; Wolter, A.; Yamazaki, R.; Yanagita, S.; Yang, L.; Yoshikoshi, T.; Zacharias, M.; Zaharijas, G.; Zaric, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zechlin, H.; Zhdanov, V., I; Zivec, M., The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the new-generation ground-based observatory for γ astronomy, provides unique capabilities to address significant open questions in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. We study some of the salient areas of γ cosmology that can be explored as part of the Key Science Projects of CTA, through simulated observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and of their relativistic jets. Observations of AGN with CTA will enable a measurement of γ absorption on the extragalactic background light with a statistical uncertainty below 15% up to a redshift z=2 and to constrain or detect γ halos up to intergalactic-magnetic-field strengths of at least 0.3 pG . Extragalactic observations with CTA also show promising potential to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. The best limits on Lorentz invariance violation from γ astronomy will be improved by a factor of at least two to three. CTA will also probe the parameter space in which axion-like particles could constitute a significant fraction, if not all, of dark matter. We conclude on the synergies between CTA and other upcoming facilities that will foster the growth of γ cosmology. © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab., We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organizations: State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT-Chile grants CATA AFB 170002, ANID PIA/APOYO AFB 180002, ACT 1406, FONDECYT-Chile grants, 1161463, 1170171, 1190886, 1171421, 1170345, 1201582, Gemini-ANID 32180007, Chile; Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croa tia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, MEYS M2015046, LM2018105, LTT17006, EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016007 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000754, Czech Republic; Academy of Finland (grant nr.317636 and 320045), Finland; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OCEVU, OSUG2020 and P2IO, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, DIR/WK/2017/12, the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583, Poland; Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, J1-9146, J1-1700, N1-0111, and the Young Researcher program, Slovenia; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; The Spanish groups acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish Research State Agency (AEI) through grants AYA2016-79724-C4-1-P, AYA2016-80889-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, BES-2016-076342, FPA2017-82729-C6-1-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-3-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-4-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, PGC2018-095161-B-I00, PGC2018-095512-B-I00, PID2019-107988GB-C22; the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” program through grants no. SEV-2016-0597, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2017-0709, CEX2019-000920-S; the “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu” program through grant no. MDM-2015-0509; the “Ramón y Cajal” programme through grants RYC-2013-14511, RYC-2017-22665; and the MultiDark Consolider Network FPA2017-90566-REDC. They also acknowledge the Atracción de Talento contract no. 2016-T1/TIC-1542 granted by the Comunidad de Madrid; the “Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship” programme from La Caixa Bank ing Foundation, grants no. LCF/BQ/LI18/11630014 and LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012; the “Programa Operativo” FEDER 2014-2020, Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento de la Junta de Andalucía (Ref. 1257737), PAIDI 2020 (Ref. P18-FR-1580) and Universidad de Jaén; “Programa Operativo de Crecimiento Inteligente” FEDER 2014-2020 (Ref. ESFRI-2017-IAC-12), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, 15% co-financed by Consejería de Economía, Industria, Comercio y Conocimiento del Gobierno de Canarias; the Spanish AEI EQC2018-005094-P FEDER 2014-2020; the European Union’s “Horizon 2020” research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 665919; and the ESCAPE project with grant no. GA:824064; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Soci ety, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, USA. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements No 262053 and No 317446. This project is receiving funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under agreement No 676134. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement GammaRayCascades No 843800. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
Published: 2021

23. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author: Masanori Nakamura, R. Shang, Abelardo Moralejo, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, Jun Liu, Monika Moscibrodzka, Andreas Specovius, V. Ramakrishnan, S. O'Brien, Michal Ostrowski, Luis C. Ho, Sera Markoff, D. Depaoli, I. Jung-Richardt, Manel Errando, Chiara Righi, S. Panny, Toshiaki Inada, Alexandra J. Tetarenko, Daniela Dorner, Norbert Wex, Nimesh A. Patel, Olivier Hervet, C. Arcaro, Alasdair E. Gent, Yu Wun Wong, Gaia Vanzo, Pierre Brun, Konstancja Satalecka, Stefan Funk, Lorenzo Bellizzi, Michael Lindqvist, Michele Doro, Felix Jankowsky, P. Kaaret, Nicholas R. MacDonald, Lang Cui, P. Temnikov, S. Patel, Sabrina Einecke, Manuel Artero, E. Moretti, Hope Boyce, M. Gaug, Charles F. Gammie, Iryna Lypova, Gisela N. Ortiz-León, Felix Aharonian, Colin J. Lonsdale, Buell T. Jannuzi, Gavin Rowell, M. Bryan, Yvonne Becherini, Aleksandar Popstefanija, M. Pohl, A. Marcowith, Jean-Pierre Ernenwein, H. Alyson Ford, Wystan Benbow, Karen E. Williamson, Daryl Haggard, Hambeleleni Ndiyavala, Tod R. Lauer, Arnaud Mares, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, Michael Punch, Helge Rottmann, J. Zorn, D. Dominis Prester, Bernd Schleicher, M. Minev, Hector Olivares, Ciriaco Goddi, S. Pita, J. Herrera, Alessia Spolon, Léa Jouvin, Na Wang, G. Martí-Devesa, Tomohiko Oka, Kirsty Feijen, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Ralph Eatough, Johannes Veh, Stefano Gabici, Tomislav Terzić, D. Glawion, Gilles Fontaine, Bradford Benson, C. B. Rulten, Jenni Jormanainen, Jason SooHoo, Michael Titus, Jose Miguel Delgado, Marcos López-Moya, Freek Roelofs, Wlodek Bednarek, M. Lundy, Richard Anantua, Alessandra Lamastra, P. T. Reynolds, Vassil Verguilov, M. Lemoine-Goumard, G. Fichet de Clairfontaine, L. Di Venere, Michael Kreter, Jose Miguel Miranda, Alan L. Roy, Yating Chai, A. López-Oramas, M. Tluczykont, Jacek Niemiec, R. Konno, Tyler Trent, Olaf Reimer, Heino Falcke, Amanpreet Kaur, M. Panter, Narek Sahakyan, Kasper B. Schmidt, A. Carosi, K. Egberts, L. Maraschi, Stefan Cikota, V. Joshi, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Ye-Fei Yuan, Garrett K. Keating, Fumie Tazaki, Pawel Gliwny, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, M. Capasso, Vincent Piétu, Satoshi Fukami, Roman Gold, Elina Lindfors, Satoki Matsushita, A. Lemiere, F. Eichhorn, U. Katz, Yoshinori Yonekura, N. Shafi, Natalia Żywucka, Michael Kramer, M. Palatiello, Daniel Mazin, Samuel Timothy Spencer, Victoria Moreno, Oliver Porth, Julian Sitarek, Kazi L.J. Rygl, Wen Ping Lo, Geoffrey C. Bower, Ilje Cho, S. Fegan, Samuel Zouari, J. M. Paredes, V. Fallah Ramazani, Thomas Murach, Jim Hinton, R. J. White, F. Leone, S. Loporchio, M. de Naurois, Ed Fomalont, Bart Ripperda, Dominique Broguiere, J. Becerra González, Joseph R. Farah, Q. Feng, Andreas Quirrenbach, Taehyun Jung, C. Trichard, Masahiro Teshima, Domenico Tiziani, D. Malyshev, Richard Plambeck, Lynn D. Matthews, Avery E. Broderick, S. Kumar, T. J. Williamson, M. K. Daniel, Sylvia Zhu, P. J. Meintjes, Tjark Miener, Jodi Christiansen, Roger Brissenden, S. Sailer, Dmitry Khangulyan, David Paneque, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Sergey S. Savchenko, Angelo Ricarte, Riaan Steenkamp, T. Chand, J. Dyks, Francesco Dazzi, V. Baghmanyan, Zorawar Wadiasingh, Kazunori Akiyama, Stefan Ohm, C. Levy, Giovanna Ferrara, Makoto Inoue, Jhilik Majumdar, Nobuyuki Sakai, Dieter Horns, Jorge A. Preciado-López, Cornelia Müller, G. Hermann, Regis Terrier, A. J. Chromey, Dominic W. Pesce, Felix M. Pötzl, Mark Gurwell, Alejandro Cruz-Osorio, Ivan Marti-Vidal, Ben Prather, Tom Armstrong, Jongho Park, Matteo Cerruti, Ziri Younsi, Amy Furniss, Chih-Wei Locutus Huang, Lijing Shao, A. Djannati-Ataï, Shoko Koyama, D. Gottschall, P. Vincent, A. Brill, Kenji Toma, Antonios Nathanail, M. Nievas-Rosillo, M. Seglar-Arroyo, C. Delgado Mendez, Mahito Sasada, G. Busetto, Maciek Wielgus, Marcos Santander, Doosoo Yoon, D. A. Sanchez, Hiroki Okino, Christo Venter, Christiaan D. Brinkerink, James Ryan, S. Mićanović, Raquel Fraga-Encinas, Mark G. Rawlings, G. H. Sembroski, G. Principe, Xiang Liu, Karl Friedrich Schuster, Ronald Hesper, L. Sun, Ciro Bigongiari, Ramesh Narayan, M. Strzys, L. Mohrmann, Daniel R. van Rossum, Y. Ohtani, Wu Jiang, Luciano Rezzolla, Nu. Komin, V. A. Acciari, Katherine L. Bouman, Jürgen Besenrieder, Clemens Hoischen, A. A. Zdziarski, Antonio Tutone, Hung Yi Pu, A. Arbet Engels, J.-P. Lenain, A. De Angelis, Tomoya Hirota, R. J. García López, Carlo Romoli, Werner Hofmann, Tuomas Savolainen, Neil M. Nagar, Minfeng Gu, M. Karjalainen, Vitaly Neustroev, A. N. Otte, John F. C. Wardle, Tomoaki Oyama, Jongsoo Kim, Monica Barnard, J. Otero-Santos, R. D. Parsons, Pierre Christian, A. Priyana Noel, A. S. Seyffert, Shami Chatterjee, E. O. Angüner, David A. Green, Ramesh Karuppusamy, Zhiyuan Li, J. Devin, Dominik Elsaesser, F. Giordano, Santiago Ubach, Michael A. Nowak, Y. Kobayashi, F. Di Pierro, Iniyan Natarajan, A. Zech, M. Garczarczyk, Dmitriy Kostunin, Michael Janssen, Giacomo Bonnoli, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Kuo Liu, G. Emery, Yutaro Kofuji, Antxon Alberdi, Marco Toliman Lucchini, R. A. Ong, Catherine Boisson, Daniel C. M. Palumbo, Stefan Klepser, Stefano Covino, Motoki Kino, Daniel Kerszberg, C. Armand, Maria Haupt, D. Zarić, K. Pfrang, R. López-Coto, M. Zacharias, Jae-Young Kim, Sheperd S. Doeleman, U. Barres de Almeida, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Mosè Mariotti, G. Lamanna, Alexander Hahn, Sidika Merve Colak, R. J. Tuffs, B. Bi, Juan-Carlos Algaba, L. Oakes, D. Jankowsky, Y. Kajiwara, R. Marx, Bošnjak, John E. Barrett, Kotaro Niinuma, F. D'Ammando, Qingwen Wu, A. Yusafzai, Christian M. Fromm, Chi-kwan Chan, B. De Lotto, M. Kertzman, Manuela Mallamaci, H. Prokoph, Tadayuki Takahashi, Damir Lelas, Victor Doroshenko, E. Kasai, Lea Heckmann, Bong Won Sohn, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Shiro Ikeda, T. Vuillaume, Laurent Loinard, G. Maurin, M. Füßling, Martin Will, Yi Chen, Gianluca Giavitto, Remo P. J. Tilanus, M. Spir-Jacob, Alessandro Montanari, Thomas Lohse, Tihomir Surić, J. van Scherpenberg, Per Friberg, He Sun, Luca Tosti, Kiyoaki Wajima, E. Ruiz-Velasco, Thomas Bylund, M. Balokovic, Feng Yuan, S. Nozaki, Mischa Breuhaus, Peter Galison, Y. A. Gallant, L. Olivera-Nieto, Dorota Sobczyńska, Maria-Isabel Bernardos, R. Rauth, Izumi Mizuno, Vincent L. Fish, S. G. Jorstad, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, Jacques Muller, J. P. Finley, Stefano Ansoldi, Boris Georgiev, Marcello Giroletti, Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz, Karl M. Menten, Aristeidis Noutsos, P. deWilt, Junhan Kim, Alejandro Mus Mejías, Q. Remy, Dong-Jin Kim, P. G. Prada Moroni, Robert Wharton, Riccardo Paoletti, R. R. Prado, Zhi-Qiang Shen, S. Paiano, S. Chandra, Andrés Baquero, Anna Barnacka, Lucy Fortson, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, Marc Ribó, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, Paul T. P. Ho, Yan-Rong Li, Derek Ward-Thompson, M. Scalici, G. Maneva, Constantin Steppa, Dimitrios Psaltis, A.M. Taylor, J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, Daniel P. Marrone, Karl Mannheim, W. Boland, P. Morris, D. A. Prokhorov, M. Mohamed, Katsuaki Asano, Gernot Maier, Kotaro Moriyama, H. Odaka, M. Büchele, E. Pueschel, Kazuyoshi Nishijima, Christopher J. Duffy, H. M. Schutte, Camilla Maggio, Mark Kettenis, V. D'Elia, Saverio Lombardi, Ramprasad Rao, Ivica Puljak, R. Mirzoyan, V. Sahakian, Guang Yao Zhao, Adrian Biland, F. Werner, Rafal Moderski, Olivier Gentaz, Ullrich Schwanke, James M. Moran, S. Komossa, Yuzhu Cui, A. Jiménez-Rosales, Arash Roshanineshat, S. Ventura, Lindy Blackburn, David J. James, G. Hughes, Hidetoshi Kubo, Mansour Karami, José L. Gómez, P. Reichherzer, Davit Zargaryan, Paul Tiede, Koushik Chatterjee, Chunchong Ni, Roger Deane, Axel Donath, J. Rico, A. W. Chen, A. Fiasson, Jun Yi Koay, T. B. Humensky, Satoko Sawada-Satoh, Isak Delberth Davids, Alan P. Marscher, Alan E. E. Rogers, Rebecca Azulay, Kazuma Ishio, Paul M. Chesler, D. M. Strom, Carlo Vigorito, Marek Jamrozy, G. Pühlhofer, M. de Bony de Lavergne, Roberta Zanin, T. Schweizer, Elisa Prandini, Helene Sol, Rodolfo Carosi, M. Hörbe, T. Tavernier, Mareki Honma, M. Holler, Gordon T. Richards, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, Paolo Marchegiani, Sang-Sung Lee, D. Huber, Ashot Chilingarian, Nikola Godinovic, F. Ait Benkhali, Jason Dexter, Do-Young Byun, Anton Dmytriiev, Massimo Persic, Alicia Fattorini, L. Dirson, Cosimo Nigro, E. Roache, Sargis Gasparyan, S. Schwemmer, Sara Issaoun, Jessica Dempsey, Andrea Santangelo, Włodek Kluźniak, Mel Rose, Huib Jan van Langevelde, D. J. van der Walt, Elisabetta Liuzzo, A. Stamerra, John Hoang, Michelle Tsirou, Wolfgang Rhode, Tomohisa Kawashima, L. A. Antonelli, Carolin Wunderlich, Keiichi Asada, David A. Williams, Joachim Hahn, P. Moriarty, T. M. Crawford, P. Da Vela, L. Rinchiuso, E. Molina, F. Peter Schloerb, Lovro Pavletić, S. Steinmassl, Des Small, Christoph Deil, Stefano Menchiari, Dan Bintley, K. Nakashima, Alice Donini, David H. Hughes, Heinrich J. Völk, Mohanraj Senniappan, K. A. Farrell, M. Renaud, J. A. Barrio, Miriam Lucio Martinez, Rachel Simoni, P. T. O'Brien, E. Colombo, V. Barbosa Martins, M. Orienti, Efthalia Traianou, Lluis Font, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, Y. Suda, J. Neilsen, John Conway, Eduardo Ros, Gibwa Musoke, Tarek M. Hassan, J. Bolmont, A. Sinha, Halim Ashkar, M.-H. Grondin, Daniel Nieto, Lab Saha, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Hyunwook Ro, Michael H. Hecht, Markus Böttcher, Antonio Fuentes, Simone Mender, Moritz Hütten, Ue-Li Pen, Yosuke Mizuno, Gopal Narayanan, Lei Huang, H. Abdalla, M. A. Kastendieck, Nicola Marchili, I. Snidaric, S. Sánchez, G. Vasileiadis, Kari Nilsson, Alexander W. Raymond, Greg Lindahl, Gregory Desvignes, Sascha Trippe, Sanae Inoue, Giacomo D'Amico, W. Jin, B. van Soelen, Andrew Chael, Anne Kathrin Baczko, Shunsuke Sakurai, L. Giunti, A. Nayerhoda, Walter Alef, Jamie Holder, Stefano Truzzi, Pablo Peñil, M. J. Lang, Francois Brun, Frank M. Rieger, V. Vitale, George N. Wong, Jirong Mao, S. Caroff, J. Kushida, André Young, Ru-Sen Lu, Daniel Morcuende, Jose Luis Contreras, Kazuhiro Hada, Juan Cortina, C. van Eldik, Pablo Torne, Raymond Blundell, Jarred Gershon Green, C. B. Adams, James M. Cordes, Jonathan Weintroub, Q. Piel, A. Berti, James E. M. Watson, G. Peron, Ken Young, Garret Cotter, Dario Hrupec, Jonathan Mackey, K. Ragan, John E. Carlstrom, Michael Backes, Tim Holch, D. Hadasch, Stawarz, F. Niederwanger, Feryal Özel, Lia Medeiros, A. Weinstein, Mitsunari Takahashi, Manuel Delfino, C. Y. Kuo, Aviad Levis, Francesco Longo, K. Kosack, Konrad Bernlöhr, Jacco Vink, C. Moore, Michael Bremer, Jim Davies, Jadyn Anczarski, Patrick M. Koch, Sabrina Casanova, Ming-Tang Chen, B. Peyaud, Christian Stegmann, Stefan Wagner, C. Perennes, Yasunobu Uchiyama, David Kieda, Chet Ruszczyk, Hiroshi Nagai, M. Curyło, Andrei Lobanov, Ana Babić, E. Moulin, Tomasz Bulik, Britton Jeter, I. Vovk, Martin Makariev, C. van Rensburg, Oscar Blanch, Rocco Lico, Silke Britzen, Misao Sasaki, A. Reimer, V. Poireau, R. Adam, David Ball, Mark Reynolds, D. Miceli, John L. Quinn, Roberto Garcia, J. F. Glicenstein, D. Ribeiro, A. Wierzcholska, Geoffrey B. Crew, Bruno Khelifi, David Sánchez-Arguelles, Ilse van Bemmel, Michael D. Johnson, J. Anton Zensus, Dominik Baack, Manuel Meyer, E. V. Kravchenko, I. Jiménez, Thomas Bronzwaer, Reshmi Mukherjee, D. Berge, C. Giuri, Kleopas Shiningayamwe, Shan Shan Zhao, Yuki Iwamura, A. D. Falcone, Lenka Tomankova, Carsten Kramer, Jan Wagner, Christian Fruck, B. Rudak, Jordy Davelaar, V. Marandon, K. Katarzyński, Roberto Neri, The EHT MWL Science Working Group, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de Physique des Solides (GPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Event Horizon Telescope, Fermi-LAT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS, EAVN, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), API Other Research (FNWI), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Algaba, Jc, Anczarski, J, Asada, K, Balokovic, M, Chandra, S, Cui, Yz, Falcone, Ad, Giroletti, M, Goddi, C, Hada, K, Haggard, D, Jorstad, S, Kaur, A, Kawashima, T, Keating, G, Kim, Jy, Kino, M, Komossa, S, Kravchenko, Ev, Krichbaum, Tp, Lee, S, Lu, R, Lucchini, M, Markoff, S, Neilsen, J, Nowak, Ma, Park, J, Principe, G, Ramakrishnan, V, Reynolds, Mt, Sasada, M, Savchenko, S, Williamson, Ke, Longo, F, Et, Al., University of Michigan, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., Balokovic, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y. -Z., Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J. -Y., Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S. -S., Lu, R. -S., Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Anantua, R., Azulay, R., Baczko, A. -K., Ball, D., Barrett, J., Bintley, D., Benson, B. A., Blackburn, L., Blundell, R., Boland, W., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., Bremer, M., Brinkerink, C. D., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Byun, D. -Y., Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C. -K., Chatterjee, S., Chatterjee, K., Chen, M. -T., Chen, Y., Chesler, P. M., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conway, J. E., Cordes, J. M., Crawford, T. M., Crew, G. B., Cruz-Osorio, A., Davelaar, J., De Laurentis, M., Deane, R., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Doeleman, S. S., Eatough, R. P., Falcke, H., Farah, J., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Ford, H. A., Fraga-Encinas, R., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Fuentes, A., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., Garcia, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Gold, R., Gomez, J. L., Gomez-Ruiz, A. I., Gu, M., Gurwell, M., Hecht, M. H., Hesper, R., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. -W. L., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Janssen, M., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., Jimenez-Rosales, A., Johnson, M. D., Jung, T., Karami, M., Karuppusamy, R., Kettenis, M., Kim, D. -J., Kim, J., Koay, J. Y., Kofuji, Y., Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, M., Kramer, C., Kuo, C. -Y., Lauer, T. R., Levis, A., Li, Y. -R., Li, Z., Lindqvist, M., Lico, R., Lindahl, G., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W. -P., Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C., Macdonald, N. R., Mao, J., Marchili, N., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., Marti-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, I., Mizuno, Y., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., Muller, C., Musoke, G., Mejias, A. M., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nakamura, M., Narayan, R., Narayanan, G., Natarajan, I., Nathanail, A., Neri, R., Ni, C., Noutsos, A., Okino, H., Olivares, H., Ortiz-Leon, G. N., Oyama, T., Ozel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Patel, N., Pen, U. -L., Pesce, D. W., Pietu, V., Plambeck, R., Popstefanija, A., Porth, O., Potzl, F. M., Prather, B., Preciado-Lopez, J. A., Psaltis, D., Pu, H. -Y., Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ricarte, A., Ripperda, B., Roelofs, F., Rogers, A., Ros, E., Rose, M., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruszczyk, C., Rygl, K. L. J., Sanchez, S., Sanchez-Arguelles, D., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. P., Schuster, K. -F., Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. W., Soohoo, J., Sun, H., Tazaki, F., Tetarenko, A. J., Tiede, P., Tilanus, R. P. J., Titus, M., Toma, K., Torne, P., Trent, T., Traianou, E., Trippe, S., Van Bemmel, I., Van Langevelde, H. J., Van Rossum, D. R., Wagner, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Wardle, J., Weintroub, J., Wex, N., Wharton, R., Wielgus, M., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Yoon, D., Young, A., Young, K., Younsi, Z., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y. -F., Zensus, J. A., Zhao, G. -Y., Zhao, S. -S., D'Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. A., Anguner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlohr, K., Bi, B., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., De Bony De Lavergne, M., Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., Buchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., Curylo, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., Dewilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Duffy, C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J. -P., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., De Clairfontaine, G. F., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Fussling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M. -H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Kastendieck, M. A., Katarzynski, K., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., Khelifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluzniak, W., Komin, N., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moore, C., Morris, P., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Nayerhoda, A., De Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O'Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., De Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Noel, A. P., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puhlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Rauth, R., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Scalici, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, L., Sun, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., Van Der Walt, D. J., Van Eldik, C., Van Rensburg, C., Van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., Volk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., Watson, J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Y. W., Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zorn, J., Zouari, S., Zywucka, N., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. A., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babic, A., Baquero, A., De Almeida, U. B., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jimenez, I., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Moya, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletic, L., Penil, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. P., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Zaric, D., Adams, C. B., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Farrell, K. A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Giuri, C., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Patel, S., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Ryan, J. L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J., Hirota, T., Cui, L., Niinuma, K., Ro, H., Sakai, N., Sawada-Satoh, S., Wajima, K., Wang, N., Liu, X., Yonekura, Y., German Research Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), University of Tokyo, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education and Scientific Research (Romania), Academy of Finland, La Caixa, Croatian Science Foundation, Generalitat de Catalunya, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, University of Rijeka, Department of Energy (US), Smithsonian Institution, Astronomy, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)
Subjects: Accretion, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astronomy, Flux, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Active galactic nuclei, Radio cores, Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei, High energy astrophysics, Astrophysical black holes, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, astro-ph.HE, Radio core, Accretion (meteorology), 520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, Low-luminosity, active galactic nuclei, Astrophysical black hole, astro-ph.CO, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Active galactic nucleus, High-energy astronomy, astro-ph.GA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, F500, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High energy astrophysic, 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, ddc:530, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Event Horizon Telescope, Supermassive black hole, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 530 Physik, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ddc:520, HESS - Abteilung Hinton, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Full list of authors: EHT MWL Science Working Group; Algaba, J. C.; Anczarski, J.; Asada, K.; Baloković, M.; Chandra, S.; Cui, Y. -Z.; Falcone, A. D.; Giroletti, M.; Goddi, C.; Hada, K.; Haggard, D.; Jorstad, S.; Kaur, A.; Kawashima, T.; Keating, G.; Kim, J. -Y.; Kino, M.; Komossa, S.; Kravchenko, E. V.; Krichbaum, T. P.; Lee, S. -S.; Lu, R. -S.; Lucchini, M.; Markoff, S.; Neilsen, J.; Nowak, M. A.; Park, J.; Principe, G.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Reynolds, M. T.; Sasada, M.; Savchenko, S. S.; Williamson, K. E.; Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration; Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Anantua, Richard; Azulay, Rebecca; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Barrett, John; Bintley, Dan; Benson, Bradford A.; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Boland, Wilfred; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broderick, Avery E.; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-Kwan; Chatterjee, Shami; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Chesler, Paul M.; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Davelaar, Jordy; de Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Ford, H. Alyson; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; García, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Georgiev, Boris; Gold, Roman; Gómez, José L.; Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Koay, Jun Yi; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Michael; Kramer, Carsten; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; Lauer, Tod R.; Levis, Aviad; Li, Yan-Rong; Li, Zhiyuan; Lindqvist, Michael; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin; MacDonald, Nicholas R.; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Martí-Vidal, Iván; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Müller, Cornelia; Musoke, Gibwa; Mejías, Alejandro Mus; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Nathanail, Antonios; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Héctor; Ortiz-León, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Özel, Feryal; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Piétu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; Popstefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Pötzl, Felix M.; Prather, Ben; Preciado-López, Jorge A.; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Pu, Hung-Yi; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ricarte, Angelo; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Rose, Mel; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sánchez, Salvador; Sánchez-Arguelles, David; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; Soohoo, Jason; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tiede, Paul; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Toma, Kenji; Torne, Pablo; Trent, Tyler; Traianou, Efthalia; Trippe, Sascha; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, André; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. Anton; Zhao, Guang-Yao; Zhao, Shan-Shan; Fermi Large Area Telescope Collaboration; Principe, G.; Giroletti, M.; D'Ammando, F.; Orienti, M.; H. E. S. S. Collaboration; Abdalla, H.; Adam, R.; Aharonian, F.; Benkhali, F. Ait; Angüner, E. O.; Arcaro, C.; Armand, C.; Armstrong, T.; Ashkar, H.; Backes, M.; Baghmanyan, V.; Barbosa Martins, V.; Barnacka, A.; Barnard, M.; Becherini, Y.; Berge, D.; Bernlöhr, K.; Bi, B.; Böttcher, M.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; de Lavergne, M. De Bony; Breuhaus, M.; Brun, F.; Brun, P.; Bryan, M.; Büchele, M.; Bulik, T.; Bylund, T.; Caroff, S.; Carosi, A.; Casanova, S.; Chand, T.; Chen, A.; Cotter, G.; Curyło, M.; Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J.; Davids, I. D.; Davies, J.; Deil, C.; Devin, J.; Dewilt, P.; Dirson, L.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Dmytriiev, A.; Donath, A.; Doroshenko, V.; Duffy, C.; Dyks, J.; Egberts, K.; Eichhorn, F.; Einecke, S.; Emery, G.; Ernenwein, J. -P.; Feijen, K.; Fegan, S.; Fiasson, A.; de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet; Fontaine, G.; Funk, S.; Füßling, M.; Gabici, S.; Gallant, Y. A.; Giavitto, G.; Giunti, L.; Glawion, D.; Glicenstein, J. F.; Gottschall, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Hahn, J.; Haupt, M.; Hermann, G.; Hinton, J. A.; Hofmann, W.; Hoischen, C.; Holch, T. L.; Holler, M.; Hörbe, M.; Horns, D.; Huber, D.; Jamrozy, M.; Jankowsky, D.; Jankowsky, F.; Jardin-Blicq, A.; Joshi, V.; Jung-Richardt, I.; Kasai, E.; Kastendieck, M. A.; Katarzyński, K.; Katz, U.; Khangulyan, D.; Khélifi, B.; Klepser, S.; Kluźniak, W.; Komin, Nu.; Konno, R.; Kosack, K.; Kostunin, D.; Kreter, M.; Lamanna, G.; Lemière, A.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J. -P.; Levy, C.; Lohse, T.; Lypova, I.; Mackey, J.; Majumdar, J.; Malyshev, D.; Malyshev, D.; Marandon, V.; Marchegiani, P.; Marcowith, A.; Mares, A.; Martí-Devesa, G.; Marx, R.; Maurin, G.; Meintjes, P. J.; Meyer, M.; Moderski, R.; Mohamed, M.; Mohrmann, L.; Montanari, A.; Moore, C.; Morris, P.; Moulin, E.; Muller, J.; Murach, T.; Nakashima, K.; Nayerhoda, A.; de Naurois, M.; Ndiyavala, H.; Niederwanger, F.; Niemiec, J.; Oakes, L.; O'Brien, P.; Odaka, H.; Ohm, S.; Olivera-Nieto, L.; de Ona Wilhelmi, E.; Ostrowski, M.; Panter, M.; Panny, S.; Parsons, R. D.; Peron, G.; Peyaud, B.; Piel, Q.; Pita, S.; Poireau, V.; Noel, A. Priyana; Prokhorov, D. A.; Prokoph, H.; Pühlhofer, G.; Punch, M.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rauth, R.; Reichherzer, P.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Remy, Q.; Renaud, M.; Rieger, F.; Rinchiuso, L.; Romoli, C.; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Ruiz-Velasco, E.; Sahakian, V.; Sailer, S.; Sanchez, D. A.; Santangelo, A.; Sasaki, M.; Scalici, M.; Schutte, H. M.; Schwanke, U.; Schwemmer, S.; Seglar-Arroyo, M.; Senniappan, M.; Seyffert, A. S.; Shafi, N.; Shiningayamwe, K.; Simoni, R.; Sinha, A.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spencer, S.; Spir-Jacob, M.; Stawarz, Ł.; Sun, L.; Steenkamp, R.; Stegmann, C.; Steinmassl, S.; Steppa, C.; Takahashi, T.; Tavernier, T.; Taylor, A. M.; Terrier, R.; Tiziani, D.; Tluczykont, M.; Tomankova, L.; Trichard, C.; Tsirou, M.; Tuffs, R.; Uchiyama, Y.; van der Walt, D. J.; van Eldik, C.; van Rensburg, C.; van Soelen, B.; Vasileiadis, G.; Veh, J.; Venter, C.; Vincent, P.; Vink, J.; Völk, H. J.; Vuillaume, T.; Wadiasingh, Z.; Wagner, S. J.; Watson, J.; Werner, F.; White, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Wong, Yu Wun; Yusafzai, A.; Zacharias, M.; Zanin, R.; Zargaryan, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zhu, S. J.; Zorn, J.; Zouari, S.; Żywucka, N.; MAGIC Collaboration; Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Engels, A. Arbet; Artero, M.; Asano, K.; Baack, D.; Babić, A.; Baquero, A.; de Almeida, U. Barres; Barrio, J. A.; Becerra González, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bellizzi, L.; Bernardini, E.; Bernardos, M.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bonnoli, G.; Bošnjak, Ž.; Busetto, G.; Carosi, R.; Ceribella, G.; Cerruti, M.; Chai, Y.; Chilingarian, A.; Cikota, S.; Colak, S. M.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; D'Amico, G.; D'Elia, V.; da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; de Angelis, A.; de Lotto, B.; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Delgado Mendez, C.; Depaoli, D.; di Pierro, F.; di Venere, L.; Do Souto Espiñeira, E.; Dominis Prester, D.; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Elsaesser, D.; Ramazani, V. Fallah; Fattorini, A.; Ferrara, G.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Fruck, C.; Fukami, S.; García López, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gasparyan, S.; Gaug, M.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Gliwny, P.; Godinović, N.; Green, J. G.; Green, D.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Heckmann, L.; Herrera, J.; Hoang, J.; Hrupec, D.; Hütten, M.; Inada, T.; Inoue, S.; Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Jiménez, I.; Jormanainen, J.; Jouvin, L.; Kajiwara, Y.; Karjalainen, M.; Kerszberg, D.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Lamastra, A.; Lelas, D.; Leone, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López-Coto, R.; López-Moya, M.; López-Oramas, A.; Loporchio, S.; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B.; Maggio, C.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mannheim, K.; Maraschi, L.; Mariotti, M.; Martínez, M.; Mazin, D.; Menchiari, S.; Mender, S.; Mićanović, S.; Miceli, D.; Miener, T.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Molina, E.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende, D.; Moreno, V.; Moretti, E.; Neustroev, V.; Nigro, C.; Nilsson, K.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nozaki, S.; Ohtani, Y.; Oka, T.; Otero-Santos, J.; Paiano, S.; Palatiello, M.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Pavletić, L.; Peñil, P.; Perennes, C.; Persic, M.; Moroni, P. G. Prada; Prandini, E.; Priyadarshi, C.; Puljak, I.; Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Rico, J.; Righi, C.; Rugliancich, A.; Saha, L.; Sahakyan, N.; Saito, T.; Sakurai, S.; Satalecka, K.; Saturni, F. G.; Schleicher, B.; Schmidt, K.; Schweizer, T.; Sitarek, J.; Šnidarić, I.; Sobczynska, D.; Spolon, A.; Stamerra, A.; Strom, D.; Strzys, M.; Suda, Y.; Surić, T.; Takahashi, M.; Tavecchio, F.; Temnikov, P.; Terzić, T.; Teshima, M.; Tosti, L.; Truzzi, S.; Tutone, A.; Ubach, S.; van Scherpenberg, J.; Vanzo, G.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Ventura, S.; Verguilov, V.; Vigorito, C. F.; Vitale, V.; Vovk, I.; Will, M.; Wunderlich, C.; Zarić, D.; VERITAS Collaboration; Adams, C. B.; Benbow, W.; Brill, A.; Capasso, M.; Christiansen, J. L.; Chromey, A. J.; Daniel, M. K.; Errando, M.; Farrell, K. A.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Gent, A.; Giuri, C.; Hassan, T.; Hervet, O.; Holder, J.; Hughes, G.; Humensky, T. B.; Jin, W.; Kaaret, P.; Kertzman, M.; Kieda, D.; Kumar, S.; Lang, M. J.; Lundy, M.; Maier, G.; Moriarty, P.; Mukherjee, R.; Nieto, D.; Nievas-Rosillo, M.; O'Brien, S.; Ong, R. A.; Otte, A. N.; Patel, S.; Pfrang, K.; Pohl, M.; Prado, R. R.; Pueschel, E.; Quinn, J.; Ragan, K.; Reynolds, P. T.; Ribeiro, D.; Richards, G. T.; Roache, E.; Rulten, C.; Ryan, J. L.; Santander, M.; Sembroski, G. H.; Shang, R.; Weinstein, A.; Williams, D. A.; Williamson, T. J.; Eavn Collaboration; Hirota, Tomoya; Cui, Lang; Niinuma, Kotaro; Ro, Hyunwook; Sakai, Nobuyuki; Sawada-Satoh, Satoko; Wajima, Kiyoaki; Wang, Na; Liu, Xiang; Yonekura, Yoshinori, In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M o˙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded., The financial support of the German BMBF, MPG and HGF; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017- 82729-C6-5-R, FPA2017-90566-REDC, PID2019-104114RBC31, PID2019-104114RB-C32, PID2019-105510GB-C31,PID 2019-107847RB-C41, PID2019-107847RB-C42, PID2019- 107988GB-C22); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-268/16.12.2019 and the Academy of Finland grant No. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and CEX2019- 000920-S, and “Maria de Maeztu” CEX2019-000918-M, the Unidad de Excelencia “Maria de Maeztu” MDM-2015-0509- 18-2 and the “la Caixa” Foundation (fellowship LCF/BQ/ PI18/11630012) and by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya; by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02; by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3; the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382; and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq, and FAPERJ. This research is supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, and by the Helmholtz Association in Germany. This research used resources provided by the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, and resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and at the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument.
Published: 2021

24. Incidence of and factors associated with acute kidney injury after scoliosis surgery in pediatric patients

Author: Daniel S. Rubin, Evgueni M Minev, Jamey E Eklund, Steven Roth, Shikhar H. Shah, Ankit I. Mehta, and Helen H Lee
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Logistic regression, Rhabdomyolysis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, Sex Factors, International Classification of Diseases, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Child, Retrospective Studies, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Acute kidney injury, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, Acute Kidney Injury, Blood Coagulation Disorders, medicine.disease, Thrombocytopenia, Confidence interval, Cross-Sectional Studies, Spinal Fusion, Scoliosis, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Kidney disease
Abstract: We sought to identify the national incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with pediatric posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery for scoliosis, and to determine factors that increase risk. The 1998–2014 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), a large United States hospital discharge database, was queried for discharges aged 0–17 years with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for scoliosis undergoing PSF for the outcome of AKI. Discharges were divided into those with AKI and unaffected. We fit adjusted logistic regression models to yield point estimates, odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and p values for the weighted, national population sample with postulated risk factors. The fit of the multivariable regression model was tested using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, and collinearity using the variance inflation factor. The NIS contained 103,270 weighted discharges meeting inclusion criteria. AKI incidence was 0.1%. Multivariable logistic regression model showed significantly increased odds ratios with thrombocytopenia, rhabdomyolysis, chronic kidney disease, abnormal coagulation, and male sex. AKI increased both hospital stay and cost by threefold compared to unaffected children. This study suggests that AKI after pediatric PSF is rare. It is associated with abnormal coagulation, chronic kidney disease, and rhabdomyolysis, but not with the number of vertebral levels fused. Female sex appears to be protective. The retrospective nature of study and reliance on ICD-9-CM codes may under-represent the incidence of AKI in pediatric PSF patients.
Published: 2020

25. VHE gamma-ray detection of FSRQ QSO B1420+326 and modeling of its enhanced broadband state in 2020

Author: Yu. V. Troitskaya, D. Zarić, M. I. Martínez, Svetlana G. Jorstad, J. Becerra González, Stefano Ansoldi, P. Peñil, D. Miceli, T. S. Grishina, Pullur Anil Kumar, Markus Gaug, Stefano Truzzi, A. De Angelis, D. Dorner, Alice Donini, G. Vanzo, L. A. Antonelli, Y. Suda, C. C. Cheung, J. van Scherpenberg, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Abelardo Moralejo, S. Lombardi, Francesco Longo, A. Babić, Elina Lindfors, Antonio Stamerra, D. Hadasch, Valeri M. Larionov, Petar Temnikov, Luigi Pacciani, Andrea Marchini, M. Orienti, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, E. Moretti, D. Depaoli, A. Porras, Kyoshi Nishijima, L. Bellizzi, Alan P. Marscher, R. J. C. Vera, Tjark Miener, M.K. Hallum, G. Maneva, M. Mariotti, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Yosuke Kobayashi, W. Bhattacharyya, Marco Berton, V. Fallah Ramazani, John Hoang, Stefano Ciprini, K. Mannheim, S. Mićanović, Alexander Kurtenkov, Alessia Spolon, P. Prajapati, I. Vovk, C. Maggio, S. M. Colak, Anne Lähteenmäki, A. Hahn, David H. Green, Matteo Cerruti, E. Molina, T. Surić, M. Minev, Simone Mender, D. Elsaesser, A. Rugliancich, T. Saito, M. Makariev, C. Perennes, K. Nilsson, G. Ceribella, Christian Fruck, W. Rhode, R. Carosi, V. A. Acciari, R. J. García López, Maria-Isabel Bernardos, Walter Max-Moerbeck, M. Hart, D. Paneque, Daria A. Morozova, D. Dominis Prester, Razmik Mirzoyan, Ciro Bigongiari, F. Giordano, Z. R. Weaver, J. Besenrieder, Damir Lelas, Oscar Blanch, F. Leone, J. Rico, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Will, B. De Lotto, Elisa Prandini, F. Di Pierro, Jenni Jormanainen, T. Schweizer, R. López-Coto, M. Vazquez Acosta, Pratik Majumdar, Giacomo D'Amico, A. Arbet Engels, Lea Heckmann, M. Karjalainen, Y. Kajiwara, L. Di Venere, Vitaly Neustroev, A. A. Vasilyev, S. Nozaki, D. Ninci, Elena G. Larionova, G. A. Borman, M. V. Fonseca, Rodrigo Reeves, W. Bednarek, Katsuaki Asano, R. Angioni, Dorota Sobczyńska, J. Herrera, Andrés Baquero, S. Paiano, Luca Tosti, Juan Abel Barrio, Chiara Righi, T. J. Pearson, M. Hodges, L. Jouvin, Joni Tammi, Dominik Baack, Shashikiran Ganesh, S. Fukami, Sebastian Kiehlmann, K. Ishio, G. Ferrara, Ashot Chilingarian, Antonio Tutone, J. Kushida, Narek Sahakyan, G. Bonnoli, Jose Luis Contreras, Y. Chai, M. Palatiello, Valerio D'Elia, Jarred Gershon Green, V. Verguilov, I. Puljak, A. López-Oramas, U. Barres de Almeida, Filippo D'Ammando, D. Strom, J. Otero-Santos, E. Colombo, Nikola Godinovic, Juan Cortina, Jose Miguel Miranda, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, I. Šnidarić, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, A. Fattorini, Sergey S. Savchenko, Francesco Dazzi, Shunsuke Sakurai, Y. Iwamura, A. Berti, M. Teshima, M. Mallamaci, S. Ventura, M. Takahashi, Massimo Persic, J. M. Paredes, Markus Garczarczyk, M. Delfino, Vincenzo Vitale, G. Busetto, Tomohiko Oka, S. Gasparyan, Lab Saha, A. Lamastra, G. Escobedo, E. Recillas, F.G. Saturni, Hidetoshi Kubo, Jordi Delgado, Tomohiro Inada, S. Loporchio, Carlo Vigorito, S. Cikota, Susumu Inoue, Kevin Schmidt, Talvikki Hovatta, Ž. Bošnjak, Manuel Artero, M. López-Moya, Anthony C. S. Readhead, A. A. Nikiforova, Lovro Pavletić, Laura Maraschi, Pawel Gliwny, Nicola Giglietto, L. Font, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, C. Nigro, Luca Foffano, Julian Sitarek, E. N. Kopatskaya, Yoshiki Ohtani, N. Torres-Albà, C. Delgado Mendez, M. Strzys, Bernd Schleicher, Marina Manganaro, P. G. Prada Moroni, Merja Tornikoski, Konstancja Satalecka, D. Mazin, Michele Doro, Stefano Covino, Ivan S. Troitsky, A. Biland, L. Carrasco, P. Da Vela, M. Ribó, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, Moritz Hütten, University of La Laguna, University of Udine, National Institute for Astrophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute for High Energy Physics, The University of Tokyo, Dortmund University, University of Zagreb, Complutense University, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, University of Łódź, University of Siena, German Electron Synchrotron, University of Padova, University of Turin, Max Planck Institute for Physics, University of Pisa, University of Barcelona, A. Alikhanian Yerevan Institute of Physics, CIEMAT, Polytechnic University of Bari, University of Rijeka, University of Würzburg, University of Turku, Autonomous University of Barcelona, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, University of Split, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kyoto University, Tokai University, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, University of Oulu, Ruder Boskovic Institute, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, ASI Science Data Center, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna, Naval Research Laboratory, Physical Research Laboratory India, Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Boston University, St. Petersburg State University, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babi??, A., Baquero, A., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonz??lez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bo??njak, ??., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D???amico, G., D???elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espi??eira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garc??a L??pez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovi??, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., H??tten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., L??pez-Coto, R., L??pez-Moya, M., L??pez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Mart??nez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Mi??anovi??, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavleti??, L., Pe??il, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Rib??, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., nidari??, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suri??, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzi??, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alb??, N., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zari??, D., Angioni, R., D???ammando, F., Ciprini, S., Cheung, C. C., Orienti, M., Pacciani, L., Prajapati, P., Kumar, P., Ganesh, S., Kurtenkov, A., Marchini, A., Carrasco, L., Escobedo, G., Porras, A., Recillas, E., L??hteenm??ki, A., Tornikoski, M., Berton, M., Tammi, J., Vera, R. J. C., Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Weaver, Z. R., Hart, M., Hallum, M. K., Larionov, V. M., Borman, G. A., Grishina, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, E. G., Nikiforova, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Savchenko, S. S., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vasilyev, A. A., Hodges, M., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., and Pearson, T. J.
Subjects: Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, individual: QSO B1420+326 [quasars], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, jets [galaxies], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, gamma rays: galaxies, galaxies: jets, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, quasars: individual: QSO B1420+326, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: galaxies, Quasars: individual: QSO B1420+326, galaxie [gamma rays], Blazar, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Superluminal motion, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Optical polarization, Quasar, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [gamma rays], jet [galaxies], Space and Planetary Science, galaxies [gamma rays], Spectral energy distribution, ddc:520, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Equivalent width, Flare
Abstract: Astronomy and astrophysics 647, A163 (2021). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039687, Context. QSO B1420+326 is a blazar classified as a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ). At the beginning of the year 2020, it was found to be in an enhanced flux state and an extensive multiwavelength campaign allowed us to trace the evolution of the flare.Aims. We search for very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from QSO B1420+326 during this flaring state. We aim to characterize and model the broadband emission of the source over different phases of the flare.Methods. The source was observed with a number of instruments in radio, near-infrared, optical (including polarimetry and spectroscopy), ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. We use dedicated optical spectroscopy results to estimate the accretion disk and the dust torus luminosity. We performed spectral energy distribution modeling in the framework of combined synchrotron-self-Compton and external Compton scenario in which the electron energy distribution is partially determined from acceleration and cooling processes.Results. During the enhanced state, the flux of both SED components of QSO B1420+326 drastically increased and the peaks were shifted to higher energies. Follow-up observations with the MAGIC telescopes led to the detection of VHE gamma-ray emission from this source, making it one of only a handful of FSRQs known in this energy range. Modeling allows us to constrain the evolution of the magnetic field and electron energy distribution in the emission region. The gamma-ray flare was accompanied by a rotation of the optical polarization vector during a low -polarization state. Also, a new superluminal radio knot contemporaneously appeared in the radio image of the jet. The optical spectroscopy shows a prominent FeII bump with flux evolving together with the continuum emission and a MgII line with varying equivalent width.Key words: gamma rays: galaxies / galaxies: jets / radiation mechanisms: non-thermal / quasars: individual: QSO B1420+326�� Corresponding authors; contact.magic@mpp.mpg.de�� Deceased., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis
Published: 2020
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26. Multiwavelength Variability of BL Lacertae Measured with High Time Resolution

Author: Katsura Matsumoto, Ivan S. Troitsky, G. V. Baida, Evgeni Ovcharov, Yu. V. Troitskaya, Svetlana G. Jorstad, An-Li Tsai, Sh. A. Ehgamberdiev, M. I. Carnerero, Alan P. Marscher, V. Dhiman, S. O. Kurtanidze, D. A. Morozova, Karen E. Williamson, A. V. Zhovtan, Krista Lynne Smith, O. Vince, M. Villata, A. A. Nikiforova, M. Minev, J. J. Slater, H. Y. Hsiao, A. A. Vasilyev, A. Strigachev, Wen Ping Chen, C. M. Raiteri, Goran Damljanović, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, Antoniya Valcheva, Sunay Ibryamov, Evgeni Semkov, D. O. Mirzaqulov, Erika Benítez, Rumen Bachev, Elena G. Larionova, Thomas J. Balonek, David Hiriart, Alok C. Gupta, E. Zaharieva, Givi N. Kimeridze, Z. R. Weaver, D. J. Dougherty, M. G. Nikolashvili, Ryota Matsumura, Valeri M. Larionov, D. Carosati, T. S. Grishina, A. C. Sadun, Sergey S. Savchenko, V. Bozhilov, M. Stojanovic, O. M. Kurtanidze, N. Rizzi, M. Hart, G. A. Borman, Michael D. Joner, and E. N. Kopatskaya
Subjects: Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, law.invention, Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: In an effort to locate the sites of emission at different frequencies and physical processes causing variability in blazar jets, we have obtained high time-resolution observations of BL Lacertae over a wide wavelength range: with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) at 6000–10000 Å with 2 minute cadence; with the Neil Gehrels Swift satellite at optical, UV, and X-ray bands; with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array at hard X-ray bands; with the Fermi Large Area Telescope at γ-ray energies; and with the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope for measurement of the optical flux density and polarization. All light curves are correlated, with similar structure on timescales from hours to days. The shortest timescale of variability at optical frequencies observed with TESS is ∼0.5 hr. The most common timescale is 13 ± 1 hr, comparable with the minimum timescale of X-ray variability, 14.5 hr. The multiwavelength variability properties cannot be explained by a change solely in the Doppler factor of the emitting plasma. The polarization behavior implies that there are both ordered and turbulent components to the magnetic field in the jet. Correlation analysis indicates that the X-ray variations lag behind the γ-ray and optical light curves by up to ∼0.4 day. The timescales of variability, cross-frequency lags, and polarization properties can be explained by turbulent plasma that is energized by a shock in the jet and subsequently loses energy to synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation in a magnetic field of strength ∼3 G.
Published: 2020

27. Testing two-component models on very high-energy gamma-ray-emitting BL Lac objects

Author: Razmik Mirzoyan, D. Ninci, Susumu Inoue, Dorota Sobczyńska, V. Verguilov, Chiara Righi, J. van Scherpenberg, I. Šnidarić, John Hoang, Y. Chai, Stefano Covino, A. Babić, F. Di Pierro, D. Strom, Jose Luis Contreras, Petar Temnikov, Elisa Bernardini, C. Arcaro, Y. Iwamura, Ž. Bošnjak, Juan Cortina, Andrei Berdyugin, Bernd Schleicher, L. Jouvin, M. Makariev, Massimo Persic, P. Peñil, Markus Garczarczyk, Antonio Stamerra, J. Becerra González, F. de Palma, A. Arbet Engels, F. Leone, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, L. Nogués, Juan Abel Barrio, Sebastian Kiehlmann, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, S. Ansoldi, J. Rico, Anthony C. S. Readhead, M. Palatiello, H. Kubo, M. Karjalainen, Vitaly Neustroev, Laura Maraschi, Pawel Gliwny, Tomohiro Inada, N. Godinović, Giacomo Bonnoli, L. Bellizzi, Narek Sahakyan, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, P. G. Prada Moroni, K. Mannheim, M. Takahashi, Luca Tosti, S. Loporchio, D. Dominis Prester, Miguel Nievas-rosillo, Francesco Giordano, U. Barres de Almeida, C. Nigro, Valerio D'Elia, J. Otero-Santos, M. I. Martínez, Francesco Dazzi, Simone Mender, Alessia Spolon, G. Maneva, D. Hadasch, Elina Lindfors, Konstancja Satalecka, Luca Foffano, R. J. García López, Jenni Jormanainen, Michele Doro, A. Hahn, Takeshi Oka, Rumen Bachev, Kyoshi Nishijima, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, A. Donini, B. Banerjee, T. Schweizer, Kari Nilsson, K. Noda, Armin Nabizadeh, G. Busetto, Shunsuke Sakurai, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Will, S. Gasparyan, A. Lamastra, M. Delfino, P. Munar-Adrover, A. López-Oramas, V. Fallah Ramazani, Carlo Vigorito, L. Saha, M. Mariotti, Walter Max-Moerbeck, N. Torres-Albà, Sarah M. Wagner, David Paneque, A. Biland, F. D' Ammando, Anton Strigachev, J. Besenrieder, M. Hütten, I. Vovk, C. Maggio, Arto Oksanen, L. Pavletić, D. Elsaesser, Matteo Cerruti, S. Fukami, Christian Fruck, U. Colin, David A. Green, D. Lelas, Kazuma Ishio, V. A. Acciari, W. Bhattacharyya, Yosuke Kobayashi, A. Fattorini, R. Reinthal, D. Zarić, Seiya Nozaki, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Y. Kajiwara, Julian Sitarek, A. De Angelis, D. Miceli, M. V. Fonseca, W. Rhode, Francesco Longo, S. Lombardi, B. De Lotto, Roberto Carosi, Elisa Prandini, Sofia Ventura, D. Morcuende, N. Talebpour Sheshvan, W. Bednarek, Saša Mićanović, M. Minev, Riccardo Paoletti, M. Teshima, S. M. Colak, Markus Gaug, M. Peresano, Yoshiki Ohtani, Jordi Delgado, J. Kushida, P. Kehusmaa, Oscar Blanch, Ashot Chilingarian, D. Dorner, L. A. Antonelli, L. O. Takalo, V. Moreno, Giacomo D'Amico, S. Cikota, Kevin Schmidt, Y. Suda, Talvikki Hovatta, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Rodrigo Reeves, Eduardo Colombo, Ll. Font, M. Hodges, G. Ferrara, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, G. Ceribella, J. M. Paredes, Ciro Bigongiari, M. Mallamaci, R. López-Coto, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, D. Depaoli, Edgar Molina, G. Vanzo, T. Saito, P. Majumdar, Jose Carlos Herrera, F. Wierda, M. Strzys, L. Di Venere, Vincenzo Vitale, Dominik Baack, Jose Miguel Miranda, Tjark Miener, T. Surić, P. Da Vela, M. Ribó, I. Puljak, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, A., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., MacHado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletic, L., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., Arcaro, C., D' Ammando, F., De Palma, F., Hodges, M., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., Takalo, L., Reinthal, R., Jormanainen, J., Wierda, F., Wagner, S. M., Berdyugin, A., Nabizadeh, A., Talebpour Sheshvan, N., Oksanen, A., Bachev, R., Strigachev, A., Kehusmaa, P., 30588766 - Arcaro, Cornelia, Academy of Finland, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: galaxies [Gamma rays], Astronomical databases: miscellaneous, BL Lacertae objects: general, Galaxies: Active, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: galaxies, Radiation mechanisms: non-Thermal, SHEATH POLARIZATION STRUCTURES, Astrophysics, Parameter space, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, astronomical databases: miscellaneous, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, gamma rays: galaxies, 01 natural sciences, jet [Galaxies], non-Thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, LACERTAE OBJECTS, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, TEV BLAZARS, CROSS-CORRELATIONS, galaxie [Gamma rays], 1ES 1959+650, Gamma ray, Active [Galaxies], miscellaneous [Astronomical databases], Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, RELATIVISTIC JETS, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Blazar, MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, general [BL Lacertae objects], ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Space and Planetary Science, X-RAY, ddc:520, jets [Galaxies], miscellaneou [Astronomical databases], COMPLETE SAMPLE, Free parameter
Abstract: MAGIC Collaboration: et al., [Context]: It has become evident that one-zone synchrotron self-Compton models are not always adequate for very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray-emitting blazars. While two-component models perform better, they are difficult to constrain due to the large number of free parameters., [Aims]: In this work, we make a first attempt at taking into account the observational constraints from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data, long-term light curves (radio, optical, and X-rays), and optical polarisation to limit the parameter space for a two-component model and test whether or not it can still reproduce the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) of the blazars., [Methods]: We selected five TeV BL Lac objects based on the availability of VHE gamma-ray and optical polarisation data. We collected constraints for the jet parameters from VLBI observations. We evaluated the contributions of the two components to the optical flux by means of decomposition of long-term radio and optical light curves as well as modelling of the optical polarisation variability of the objects. We selected eight epochs for these five objects based on the variability observed at VHE gamma rays, for which we constructed the SEDs that we then modelled with a two-component model., [Results]: We found parameter sets which can reproduce the broadband SED of the sources in the framework of two-component models considering all available observational constraints from VLBI observations. Moreover, the constraints obtained from the long-term behaviour of the sources in the lower energy bands could be used to determine the region where the emission in each band originates. Finally, we attempt to use optical polarisation data to shed new light on the behaviour of the two components in the optical band. Our observationally constrained two-component model allows explanation of the entire SED from radio to VHE with two co-located emission regions., VFR and EL were supported by Academy of Finland projects 317636 and 320045. We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-268/16.12.2019 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV2015-0548, the Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369 and the “la Caixa” Foundation (fellowship LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012), by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ.
Published: 2020

28. New Hard-TeV Extreme Blazars Detected with the MAGIC Telescopes*

Author: D. Fidalgo, K. Nishijima, R. Mirzoyan, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, P. Majumdar, P. Temnikov, L. Bellizzi, H. Kubo, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. I. Martínez, B. De Lotto, D. Dominis Prester, S. Paiano, I. Šnidarić, C. Nigro, Y. Iwamura, A. Carosi, Stefano Covino, M. Makariev, Alice Donini, A. Rugliancich, P. Munar-Adrover, G. Vanzo, Satoshi Fukami, John Hoang, Massimo Persic, J. Becerra González, Kazuma Ishio, T. Saito, S. Ansoldi, M. Palatiello, V. Fallah Ramazani, Jordi Delgado, C. Maggio, M. Delfino, S. Gasparyan, Elisa Prandini, Francesco Dazzi, Saverio Lombardi, A. Lamastra, Saša Mićanović, A. Berti, V. Vitale, J. Kushida, Kari Nilsson, Dario Hrupec, D. Lelas, A. Arbet Engels, M. Mallamaci, L. Maraschi, Elisa Bernardini, Fabrizio Tavecchio, P. Peñil, Vitaly Neustroev, Elina Lindfors, Ll. Font, M. Peresano, K. Noda, U. Colin, N. Godinović, Mitsunari Takahashi, E. Molina, David Paneque, A. Biland, W. Bednarek, W. Bhattacharyya, A. Fattorini, Ž. Bošnjak, M. Will, Anne M. Lohfink, A. Somero, Luca Tosti, Antonio Stamerra, P. Da Vela, C. Fruck, F. D'Ammando, D. Guberman, Katsuaki Asano, K. Mannheim, R. Carosi, M. Minev, Francesco Longo, Jose Luis Contreras, M. Teshima, A. Hahn, R. J. García López, G. Maneva, L. Nogués, Susumu Inoue, I. Puljak, M. V. Fonseca, Abelardo Moralejo, Nicola Giglietto, J. van Scherpenberg, Juan Cortina, Ferdinando Giordano, Kevin Schmidt, E. Moretti, D. Miceli, U. Barres de Almeida, Victoria Moreno, Valerio Vagelli, B. Banerjee, Shunsuke Sakurai, A. Babić, F. Di Pierro, D. Hadasch, M. Ribó, Oscar Blanch, T. Schweizer, Serena Loporchio, Marina Manganaro, A. De Angelis, A. Chilingaryan, Dominik Baack, M. Strzys, S. Cikota, Daniel Kerszberg, P. G. Prada Moroni, Chiara Righi, V. D'Elia, Wolfgang Rhode, G. Ceribella, M. López, Konstancja Satalecka, D. Mazin, Michele Doro, C. Arcaro, G. Busetto, Ciro Bigongiari, D. Zarić, Matteo Cerruti, R. López-Coto, Tomohiro Inada, J. Herrera, Léa Jouvin, F. Leone, Julian Sitarek, G. Ferrara, D. Dorner, Louis Antonelli, E. Colombo, D. Morcuende, N. Torres-Albà, M. Garczarczyk, I. Vovk, Dorota Sobczyńska, Victor A. Acciari, Y. Chai, Moritz Hütten, D. Strom, J. Rico, R. Paoletti, J. Besenrieder, David H. Green, T. Surić, M. Gaug, L. Di Venere, G. Bonnoli, D. Elsaesser, D. Ninci, Jose Miguel Miranda, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, S. M. Colak, Juan Abel Barrio, Narek Sahakyan, A. López-Oramas, Yusuke Suda, Carlo Vigorito, L. Saha, J. M. Paredes, Francesco Tombesi, Seiya Nozaki, Davide Depaoli, L. Foffano, M. Mariotti, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MAGIC, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. A., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., De Almeida, U. B., Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. B., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingaryan, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Vela, P. D., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. D., Lotto, B. D., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Pierro, F. D., Venere, L. D., Souto Espieira, E. D., Prester, D. D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. F., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Lopez, R. J. G., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., De Oliveira Fraga, B. M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. P., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alb, N., Tosti, L., Vagelli, V., Scherpenberg, J. V., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Arcaro, C., Carosi, A., D'Ammando, F., Tombesi, F., Lohfink, A., 30588766 - Arcaro, Cornelia, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), German Research Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Academy of Finland, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, and European Commission
Subjects: Non-thermal radiation sources, VHE [gamma ray], Non-thermal radiation source, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Relativistic jet, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, model: leptonic, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, astro-ph.HE, education.field_of_study, Gamma ray, gamma ray: emission, quality, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, BL Lacertae objects, Física nuclear, Catalog, Astrophysics and Astronomy, astro-ph.GA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, energy spectrum, FOS: Physical sciences, Proton Synchrotron, magnetization, BL Lacertae object, leptonic [model], blazar, X-ray, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, emission [gamma ray], 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, education, Blazar, Active galactic nuclei, Gamma-ray sources, X-ray active galactic nuclei, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Catalogues, proton synchrotron, MAGIC, Synchrotron emission, Blazars, Relativistic jets, Catalogs, Automatic Keywords, gamma ray: VHE, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ddc:520, spectral, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Extreme high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are blazars that exhibit extremely energetic synchrotron emission. They also feature nonthermal gamma-ray emission whose peak lies in the very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) range, and in some sources exceeds 1 TeV: this is the case for hard-TeV EHBLs such as 1ES 0229+200. With the aim of increasing the EHBL population, 10 targets were observed with the MAGIC telescopes from 2010 to 2017, for a total of 265 hr of good-quality data. The data were complemented by coordinated Swift observations. The X-ray data analysis confirms that all but two sources are EHBLs. The sources show only a modest variability and a harder-when-brighter behavior, typical for this class of objects. At VHE gamma-rays, three new sources were detected and a hint of a signal was found for another new source. In each case, the intrinsic spectrum is compatible with the hypothesis of a hard-TeV nature of these EHBLs. The broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of all sources are built and modeled in the framework of a single-zone, purely leptonic model. The VHE gamma-ray-detected sources were also interpreted with a spine-layer model and a proton synchrotron model. The three models provide a good description of the SEDs. However, the resulting parameters differ substantially in the three scenarios, in particular the magnetization parameter. This work presents the first mini catalog of VHE gamma-ray and multiwavelength observations of EHBLs., We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA 2015-68378-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6- 4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016- 76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-RE DC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382, and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. E.P. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska–Curie grant agreement No. 664931. M.C. has received financial support through the Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship Programme from la Caixa Banking Foundation, grant No. LCF/BQ/LI18/11630012.
Published: 2020

29. MAGIC very large zenith angle observations of the Crab Nebula up to 100 TeV

Author: David Paneque, A. Biland, T. Schweizer, D. Ninci, Elina Lindfors, J. Besenrieder, D. Guberman, Masahiro Teshima, Chiara Righi, Daniel Mazin, A. De Angelis, J. Becerra González, A. Berti, S. Ansoldi, N. Godinović, S. Fukami, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, L. Bellizzi, Giacomo Bonnoli, D. Dominis Prester, K. Mannheim, N. Torres-Albà, J. Palacio, J. van Scherpenberg, P. Da Vela, A. Babić, D. Elsaesser, M. Ribó, D. Morcuende, P. Peñil, F. Leone, I. Šnidarić, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, V. Moreno, Dario Hrupec, Antonio Stamerra, P. G. Prada Moroni, G. Ceribella, Massimo Persic, Stefano Covino, Konstancja Satalecka, V. Fallah Ramazani, L. Nogués, P. Majumdar, Jose Carlos Herrera, Michele Doro, M. A. Lopez, G. Maneva, Elisa Prandini, D. Miceli, D. Fidalgo, Julian Sitarek, M. Mariotti, S. Cikota, M. I. Martínez, Razmik Mirzoyan, L. Saha, A. Chilingaryan, W. Rhode, G. Vanzo, M. Strzys, J. M. Paredes, Kyoshi Nishijima, U. Barres de Almeida, U. Colin, David A. Green, D. Hadasch, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Ciro Bigongiari, D. Dorner, L. A. Antonelli, Petar Temnikov, M. Mallamaci, M. Minev, W. Bhattacharyya, Christian Fruck, S. Lombardi, D. Zarić, Jordi Delgado, John Hoang, Elisa Bernardini, G. Busetto, Y. Suda, Jose Luis Contreras, Dorota Sobczyńska, C. Maggio, Juan Cortina, R. López-Coto, Saša Mićanović, T. Surić, D. Lelas, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Y. Chai, Seiya Nozaki, S. Gasparyan, A. Lamastra, Eduardo Colombo, Ll. Font, S. M. Colak, D. Strom, J. Kushida, V. Vagelli, M. V. Fonseca, Auni Somero, M. Peresano, Kevin Schmidt, A. Arbet Engels, F. Di Pierro, M. Palatiello, Vitaly Neustroev, Luca Tosti, Juan Abel Barrio, M. Takahashi, I. Puljak, Narek Sahakyan, Carlo Vigorito, Laura Maraschi, Francesco Dazzi, Riccardo Paoletti, Markus Gaug, M. Vazquez Acosta, Nicola Giglietto, Valerio D'Elia, M. Delfino, A. López-Oramas, P. Munar-Adrover, G. Ferrara, Susumu Inoue, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, D. Depaoli, C. Nigro, V. A. Acciari, M. Makariev, Dominik Baack, R. J. García López, Luca Foffano, Francesco Giordano, Kari Nilsson, J. Rico, H. Kubo, Daniel Kerszberg, M. Will, Ž. Bošnjak, L. Jouvin, S. Loporchio, Simona Paiano, K. Noda, Jose Miguel Miranda, Edgar Molina, T. Saito, L. Di Venere, M. Hütten, B. Banerjee, Shunsuke Sakurai, Vincenzo Vitale, Ievgen Vovk, A. Hahn, Y. Iwamura, Markus Garczarczyk, Kazuma Ishio, B. De Lotto, W. Bednarek, Francesco Longo, Oscar Blanch, A. Fattorini, Roberto Carosi, Tomohiro Inada, A. Donini, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Ministry of Education, Youth and Science (Bulgaria), Academy of Finland, Universidad de Barcelona, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingaryan, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Vagelli, V., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., and Zaric, D.
Subjects: Gamma rays: general, ISM: supernova remnants, Methods: observational, Astronomy, gamma rays general, methods observational, ISM supernova remnants, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, model [emission], generalI [Gamma rays], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Raigs gamma, optical, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Supernoves, supernova remnants [ISM], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, imaging, Supernovae, Gamma rays: generalI, high [energy], Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general [Gamma rays], FOS: Physical sciences, SM: supernova remnants, monitoring [atmosphere], emission [gamma ray], 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, observational [Methods], 14. Life underwater, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, Zenith, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysics, calibration, supernova remnants [SM], MAGIC, Cherenkov counter, Crab Nebula, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, spectral, supernova remnant [ISM], Energy (signal processing), Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Aims. We measure the Crab Nebula γ-ray spectral energy distribution in the ~100 TeV energy domain and test the validity of existing leptonic emission models at these high energies. Methods. We used the novel very large zenith angle observations with the MAGIC telescope system to increase the collection area above 10 TeV. We also developed an auxiliary procedure of monitoring atmospheric transmission in order to assure proper calibration of the accumulated data. This employs recording optical images of the stellar field next to the source position, which provides a better than 10% accuracy for the transmission measurements. Results. We demonstrate that MAGIC very large zenith angle observations yield a collection area larger than a square kilometer. In only ~ 56 h of observations, we detect the γ-ray emission from the Crab Nebula up to 100 TeV, thus providing the highest energy measurement of this source to date with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. Comparing accumulated and archival MAGIC and Fermi/LAT data with some of the existing emission models, we find that none of them provides an accurate description of the 1 GeV to 100 TeV γ-ray signal., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. This research has made use of the CTA instrument response functions provided by the CTA Consortium and Observatory, see http://www.cta-observatory.org/science/cta-performance/ (version prod3b-v1) for more details.
Published: 2020

30. MAGIC observations of the diffuse γ -ray emission in the vicinity of the Galactic center

Author: U. Barres de Almeida, L. Nogués, Damir Lelas, Dorota Sobczyńska, Daniel Kerszberg, Zeljka Bosnjak, Satoshi Masuda, L. Maraschi, Elina Lindfors, M. Peresano, B. Banerjee, D. Strom, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, D. Zarić, Daniel Mazin, D. Dominis Prester, Shunsuke Sakurai, Kyoshi Nishijima, D. Fidalgo, Marc Ribó, I. Snidaric, S. Paiano, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Giacomo Bonnoli, Martin Will, Karl Mannheim, Ivica Puljak, Seiya Nozaki, Juan Abel Barrio, M. Nöthe, Narek Sahakyan, Toshiaki Inada, Hidetoshi Kubo, G. Busetto, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, E. Molina, Pablo Peñil, P. Munar-Adrover, E. Colombo, Saša Mićanović, John Hoang, V. Fallah Ramazani, Lab Saha, T. Schweizer, Luca Foffano, K. Noda, Daniel Morcuende, Jose Luis Contreras, M. Palatiello, V. Vitale, J. Becerra González, Juan Cortina, Stefano Covino, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, Alice Donini, L. A. Antonelli, D. Ninci, Sanae Inoue, U. Colin, Manuela Mallamaci, D. Hadasch, Alessio Berti, Kai Phillip Schmidt, Sidika Merve Colak, David A. Green, Alexander Hahn, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, Jordi Delgado, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, J. van Scherpenberg, A. Arbet Engels, Léa Jouvin, Sargis Gasparyan, Fabrizio Tavecchio, A. Somero, F. Di Pierro, Lluis Font, Stefano Ansoldi, Manuel Delfino, I. Vovk, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, Vitaly Neustroev, Davide Depaoli, Riccardo Paoletti, Wolfgang Rhode, M. Strzys, David Paneque, D. Miceli, Mosè Mariotti, Yuki Iwamura, A. López-Oramas, P. G. Prada Moroni, N. Giglietto, Valerio Vagelli, Chiara Righi, G. Ferrara, J. Palacio, D. Guberman, Ana Babić, Nikola Godinovic, Luca Tosti, Ferdinando Giordano, P. Temnikov, Alicia Fattorini, R. J. García López, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Junko Kushida, P. Da Vela, M. I. Martínez, Serena Loporchio, Satoshi Fukami, G. Maneva, Jürgen Besenrieder, Christian Fruck, Camilla Maggio, Daniela Dorner, D. Elsaesser, Gaia Vanzo, V. A. Acciari, Massimo Persic, F. Leone, V. D'Elia, Kari Nilsson, M. Gaug, Adrian Biland, Masahiro Teshima, Saverio Lombardi, J. Herrera, Julian Sitarek, Cosimo Nigro, Elisa Bernardini, J. Rico, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, Mitsunari Takahashi, A. Chilingaryan, Dominik Baack, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, A. De Angelis, Yusuke Suda, Carlo Vigorito, Moritz Hütten, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, M. Minev, B. De Lotto, Ciro Bigongiari, M. Garczarczyk, R. López-Coto, Kazuma Ishio, Elisa Prandini, Rodolfo Carosi, R. Mirzoyan, Yating Chai, Stefan Cikota, M. Vazquez Acosta, Victoria Moreno, Francesco Longo, Lorenzo Bellizzi, Martin Makariev, Oscar Blanch, T. Surić, Shimpei Tsujimoto, Wlodek Bednarek, N. Torres-Albà, Jose Miguel Miranda, Alessandra Lamastra, L. Di Venere, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Department of Atomic Energy (India), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Youth and Science (Bulgaria), Academy of Finland, Universidad de Barcelona, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (Brasil), Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingaryan, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernandez-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nothe, M., Nozaki, S., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Tsujimoto, S., Vagelli, V., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., and Zaric, D.
Subjects: model [background], accelerator, Point source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma rays: general, background: model, general [Gamma rays], Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, programming, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, energy: threshold, law, gas, TRACER, 0103 physical sciences, ISM [Gamma rays], 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Zenith, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Gamma rays: ISM, Galaxy: center, Galactic ridge, Galactic Center, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Particle accelerator, center [Galaxy], threshold [energy], MAGIC, gamma ray, Space and Planetary Science, cosmic radiation: galaxy, ddc:520, galaxy [cosmic radiation], Física nuclear, gamma rays: general, gamma rays: ISM, cosmic rays, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: [Aims] In the presence of a sufficient amount of target material, γ-rays can be used as a tracer in the search for sources of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs). Here we present deep observations of the Galactic center (GC) region with the MAGIC telescopes and use them to infer the underlying CR distribution and to study the alleged PeV proton accelerator at the center of our Galaxy., [Methods] We used data from ≈100 h observations of the GC region conducted with the MAGIC telescopes over five years (from 2012 to 2017). Those were collected at high zenith angles (58−70 deg), leading to a larger energy threshold, but also an increased effective collection area compared to low zenith observations. Using recently developed software tools, we derived the instrument response and background models required for extracting the diffuse emission in the region. We used existing measurements of the gas distribution in the GC region to derive the underlying distribution of CRs. We present a discussion of the associated biases and limitations of such an approach., [Results] We obtain a significant detection for all four model components used to fit our data (Sgr A*, “Arc”, G0.9+0.1, and an extended component for the Galactic Ridge). We observe no significant difference between the γ-ray spectra of the immediate GC surroundings, which we model as a point source (Sgr A*) and the Galactic Ridge. The latter can be described as a power-law with index 2 and an exponential cut-off at around 20 TeV with the significance of the cut-off being only 2σ. The derived cosmic-ray profile hints to a peak at the GC position and with a measured profile index of 1.2 ± 0.3 is consistent with the 1/r radial distance scaling law, which supports the hypothesis of a CR accelerator at the GC. We argue that the measurements of this profile are presently limited by our knowledge of the gas distribution in the GC vicinity., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Center grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ.
Published: 2020

31. Study of the variable broadband emission of Markarian 501 during the most extreme Swift X-ray activity

Author: Francesco Longo, Yuki Iwamura, Susumu Inoue, L. Nogués, M. I. Martínez, G. Pedaletti, Thomas Bretz, J. Buss, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, D. Galindo, Merja Tornikoski, Sabrina Einecke, Martin Makariev, Oscar Blanch, C. Leto, Ciro Bigongiari, Adrian Biland, D. Zarić, Andrii Neronov, M. Garczarczyk, Sargis Gasparyan, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Marc Ribó, M. Noethe, J. Becerra González, Kazuma Ishio, J. Rico, Christian Fruck, Kyoshi Nishijima, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, Wolfgang Rhode, Christoph Wendel, Dominik Baack, Satoshi Masuda, Hidetoshi Kubo, Nikola Godinovic, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, Alexander Hahn, Manuel Delfino, Daniela Dorner, P. Giammaria, A. Niedzwiecki, Alessio Berti, U. Barres de Almeida, F. Verrecchia, G. Busetto, Lena Linhoff, D. Fidalgo, Damir Lelas, G. Ferrara, Alicia Fattorini, D. Hildebrand, David Paneque, V. A. Acciari, Bernd Schleicher, Gaia Vanzo, M. Peresano, Rodolfo Carosi, M. Perri, Alessandra Lamastra, John Hoang, Marcel Strzys, M. Gaug, Chiara Righi, M. Armas Padilla, D. Ninci, Ana Babić, Michael Blank, Dorota Sobczyńska, D. Dominis Prester, A. De Angelis, Vitaly Neustroev, I. Snidaric, F. Schulz, E. von Willert, D. Guberman, A. Y. Lien, J. Herrera, Juan Abel Barrio, B. Banerjee, J. van Scherpenberg, V. D'Elia, Narek Sahakyan, P. Temnikov, Stefano Ansoldi, R. J. García López, G. Maneva, E. Do Souto Espiñera, B. De Lotto, Elisa Bernardini, Riccardo Paoletti, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, Pablo Peñil, A. Shukla, Ivica Puljak, Jose Luis Contreras, D. Neise, Andrea Tramacere, Manuela Mallamaci, A. López-Oramas, Jordi Delgado, V. Fallah Ramazani, Juan Cortina, J. Palacio, P. Colin, R. Walter, J. M. Paredes, F. Di Pierro, Antonio Stamerra, Pratik Majumdar, Camilla Maggio, M. V. Fonseca, Ievgen Vovk, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, Cosimo Nigro, P. Munar-Adrover, Massimo Persic, Dario Hrupec, L. A. Antonelli, Martin Will, D. Kuveždić, T. Schweizer, F. Leone, Anne Lähteenmäki, Tarek M. Hassan, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Masahiro Teshima, A. Somero, Kari Nilsson, Ll. Font, M. Bulinski, Wlodek Bednarek, Vitalii Sliusar, P. G. Prada Moroni, Junko Kushida, P. Da Vela, E. Prandini, N. Torres-Albà, Joni Tammi, Sebastian Achim Mueller, J. R. Garcia, Giacomo Bonnoli, Manuel Doerr, Stefano Gallozzi, Jose Miguel Miranda, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, Julian Sitarek, T. Surić, Shimpei Tsujimoto, K. Bruegge, D. Elsaesser, Tomislav Terzić, Jürgen Besenrieder, E. Molina, E. Colombo, Lab Saha, Luca Foffano, Mosè Mariotti, A. Paravac, Saverio Lombardi, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. Minev, M. Balbo, D. Hadasch, R. Mirzoyan, A. Arbet-Engels, K. Sedlaczek, L. Maraschi, Elina Lindfors, Daniel Mazin, Stefan Cikota, M. Vazquez Acosta, Victoria Moreno, Stefano Covino, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, Aaron Dominguez, K. Noda, Sidika Merve Colak, M. López, German Research Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Energy (US), Commissariat à l'Ènergie Atomique et aux Ènergies Alternatives (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (Japan), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Swedish National Space Board, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., DI Pierro, F., Do Souto Espinera, E., Dominguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Doro, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernandez-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinovic, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuvecdic, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., MacHado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Suric, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tsujimoto, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Arbet-Engels, A., Baack, D., Balbo, M., Biland, A., Blank, M., Bretz, T., Bruegge, K., Bulinski, M., Buss, J., Doerr, M., Dorner, D., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Hildebrand, D., Linhoff, L., Mannheim, K., Mueller, S., Neise, D., Neronov, A., Noethe, M., Paravac, A., Rhode, W., Schleicher, B., Schulz, F., Sedlaczek, K., Shukla, A., Sliusar, V., Von Willert, E., Walter, R., Wendel, C., Tramacere, A., Lien, A., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Armas Padilla, M., Leto, C., Lahteenmaki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: galaxies: active, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 501, gamma rays: galaxies, X-rays: galaxies, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Spectral line, Galaxies: active, Gamma rays: galaxies, individual: Mrk 501 [BL Lacertae objects], 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, galaxie [Gamma rays], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies [X-rays], Crab Nebula, Space and Planetary Science, active [galaxies], galaxies [gamma rays], ddc:520, Física nuclear, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: [Context] Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) is a very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray blazar located at z = 0:034, which is regularly monitored by a wide range of multi-wavelength instruments, from radio to VHE gamma rays. During a period of almost two weeks in July 2014, the highest X-ray activity of Mrk 501 was observed in -14 years of operation of the Neil Gehrels Swift Gamma-ray Burst Observatory., [Aims] We characterize the broadband variability of Mrk 501 from radio to VHE gamma rays during the most extreme X-ray activity measured in the last 14 years, and evaluate whether it can be interpreted within theoretical scenarios widely used to explain the broadband emission from blazars., [Methods] The emission of Mrk 501 was measured at radio with Metsähovi, at optical–UV with KVA and Swift/UVOT, at X-ray with Swift/XRT and Swift/BAT, at gamma ray with Fermi-LAT, and at VHE gamma rays with the FACT and MAGIC telescopes. The multi-band variability and correlations were quantified, and the broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) were compared with predictions from theoretical models., [Results] The VHE emission of Mrk 501 was found to be elevated during the X-ray outburst, with a gamma-ray flux above 0.15 TeV varying from ∼0.5 to ∼2 times the Crab nebula flux. The X-ray and VHE emission both varied on timescales of 1 day and were found to be correlated. We measured a general increase in the fractional variability with energy, with the VHE variability being twice as large as the X-ray variability. The temporal evolution of the most prominent and variable segments of the SED, characterized on a day-by-day basis from 2014 July 16 to 2014 July 31, is described with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model with variations in the break energy of the electron energy distribution (EED), and with some adjustments in the magnetic field strength and spectral shape of the EED. These results suggest that the main flux variations during this extreme X-ray outburst are produced by the acceleration and the cooling of the high-energy electrons. A narrow feature at ∼3 TeV was observed in the VHE spectrum measured on 2014 July 19 (MJD 56857.98), which is the day with the highest X-ray flux (>0.3 keV) measured during the entire Swift mission. This feature is inconsistent with the classical analytic functions to describe the measured VHE spectra (power law, log-parabola, and log-parabola with exponential cutoff) at more than 3σ. A fit with a log-parabola plus a narrow component is preferred over the fit with a single log-parabola at more than 4σ, and a dedicated Monte Carlo simulation estimated the significance of this extra component to be larger than 3σ. Under the assumption that this VHE spectral feature is real, we show that it can be reproduced with three distinct theoretical scenarios: (a) a pileup in the EED due to stochastic acceleration; (b) a structured jet with two-SSC emitting regions, with one region dominated by an extremely narrow EED; and (c) an emission from an IC pair cascade induced by electrons accelerated in a magnetospheric vacuum gap, in addition to the SSC emission from a more conventional region along the jet of Mrk 501., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC), and the Japanese JSPS and MEXT is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. The important contributions from ETH Zurich grants ETH-10.08-2 and ETH-27.12-1 as well as the funding by the Swiss SNF and the German BMBF (Ver-bundforschung Astro-und Astroteilchenphysik) and HAP (Helmoltz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics) are gratefully acknowledged. Part of this work is supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Center SFB 876, project C3. We thank the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias for allowing us to operate the telescope at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma, the Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik for providing us with the mount of the former HEGRA CT3 telescope, and the MAGIC Collaboration for their support. JBG acknowledges the support of the Viera y Clavijo program funded by ACIISI and ULL. C. W. is grateful for the support by the project “Promotion inklusive” of the Universität zu Köln and the German Bundesmin-isterium für Arbeit und Soziales. This publication makes use of data obtained at Metsähovi Radio Observatory, operated by Aalto University, Finland.
Published: 2020

32. A search for dark matter in Triangulum II with the MAGIC telescopes

Author: Satoshi Fukami, Alice Donini, F. Leone, Lorenzo Bellizzi, Wlodek Bednarek, Masahiro Teshima, M. Palatiello, N. Torres-Albà, Daniela Dorner, D. Dominis Prester, Pablo Peñil, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Gaia Vanzo, Francesco Dazzi, Ll. Font, Kari Nilsson, V. Vitale, Valerio Vagelli, Nikola Godinovic, Jose Miguel Miranda, E. Prandini, Christian Fruck, G. Busetto, Yating Chai, D. Miceli, V. Fallah Ramazani, Stefan Cikota, Jordi Delgado, Pawel Gliwny, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. Gaug, A. Somero, G. Ferrara, Manuel Delfino, D. Zarić, Victoria Moreno, L. Nogués, Jarred Gershon Green, Adrian Biland, Cosimo Nigro, F. Di Pierro, Ž. Bošnjak, J. Herrera, Giacomo Bonnoli, D. Ninci, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Molina, Francesco Longo, John Hoang, Chiara Righi, E. Colombo, Ana Babić, Serena Loporchio, D. Fidalgo, I. Snidaric, Lab Saha, Luca Foffano, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, J. van Scherpenberg, Elisa Bernardini, Stefano Ansoldi, Tjark Miener, David Paneque, U. Colin, David A. Green, J. Kushida, V. D'Elia, Daniel Morcuende, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, P. Temnikov, Alexander Hahn, Juan Abel Barrio, J. Rico, Riccardo Paoletti, Alessandra Lamastra, L. Di Venere, M. Peresano, D. Guberman, Narek Sahakyan, Damir Lelas, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Dorota Sobczyńska, Léa Jouvin, B. De Lotto, S. Nozaki, Stefano Covino, B. Banerjee, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, Shunsuke Sakurai, D. Strom, Kai Phillip Schmidt, K. Noda, P. Da Vela, J. Palacio, Martin Makariev, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Ivica Puljak, Oscar Blanch, Dario Hrupec, Sidika Merve Colak, D. Hadasch, Davide Depaoli, M. A. Lopez, J. Becerra González, D. Elsaesser, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Mitsunari Takahashi, P. Munar-Adrover, Victor A. Acciari, Abelardo Moralejo, Ievgen Vovk, Camilla Maggio, E. Moretti, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Mosè Mariotti, Moritz Hütten, Julian Sitarek, A. Arbet Engels, A. De Angelis, Vitaly Neustroev, Sargis Gasparyan, Yuki Iwamura, Martin Will, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, Saverio Lombardi, A. López-Oramas, Susumu Inoue, Alessio Berti, Luca Tosti, S. Mićanović, K. Nishijima, L. A. Antonelli, Jürgen Besenrieder, T. Schweizer, M. Minev, Ferdinando Giordano, Toshiaki Inada, Wolfgang Rhode, Konstancja Satalecka, Manuela Mallamaci, G. Maneva, Michele Doro, Yusuke Suda, Carlo Vigorito, Ciro Bigongiari, T. Surić, S. Paiano, M. Garczarczyk, Karl Mannheim, R. López-Coto, Daniel Kerszberg, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, Kazuma Ishio, Rodolfo Carosi, Dominik Baack, Ashot Chilingarian, L. Maraschi, Elina Lindfors, Marc Ribó, Daniel Mazin, Hidetoshi Kubo, Alicia Fattorini, M. I. Martínez, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, N. Giglietto, R. J. García López, Massimo Persic, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Green, J. G., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Vagelli, V., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., and Zaric, D.
Subjects: Dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, dark matter [WIMP], Imaging air Cherenkov telescopes, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), WIMP, Dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxie, flux [gamma ray], Triangulum II, annihilation [WIMP], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Annihilation, scaling, density [dark matter], hep-ph, halo [dark matter], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Dark matter, Indirect searches, kinematics, Física nuclear, Halo, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Milky Way, satellite, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, VHE, annihilation [down], 0103 physical sciences, Imaging air Cherenkov telescope, Indirect searche, ddc:530, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, Triangulum, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, Astronomy and Astrophysics, MAGIC, Galaxy, Dark matter halo, annihilation [cross section], Space and Planetary Science, galaxy
Abstract: MAGIC Collaboration: et al., arXiv:2003.05260v1, We present the first results from very-high-energy observations of the dwarf spheroidal satellite candidate Triangulum II with the MAGIC telescopes from 62.4 hours of good-quality data taken between August 2016 and August 2017. We find no gamma-ray excess in the direction of Triangulum II, and upper limits on both the differential and integral gamma-ray flux are presented. Currently, the kinematics of Triangulum II are affected by large uncertainties leading to a bias in the determination of the properties of its dark matter halo. Using a scaling relation between the annihilation J -factor and heliocentric distance of well-known dwarf spheroidal galaxies, we estimate an annihilation J -factor for Triangulum II for WIMP dark matter of log[Jann(0.5◦)/ GeV2cm−5] = 19.35±0.37. We also derive a dark matter density profile for the object relying on results from resolved simulations of Milky Way sized dark matter halos. We obtain 95% confidence-level limits on the thermally averaged annihilation cross section for WIMP annihilation into various Standard Model channels. The most stringent limits are obtained in the τ−τ+final state, where a cross section for annihilation down to hσannvi = 3.05 × 10−24cm3s−1is excluded., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, Germany, the Italian INFN and INAF, Italy, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P, FPA2017-90566-REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS, Japan and MEXT, Japan, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2016-0588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka, Croatia Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG, Germany Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre, Polland grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq, Brazil and FAPERJ, Brazil .
Published: 2020

33. Trait and state anxiety as factors of threshold and tolerance to experimentally induced pain

Author: R. Strebkova, K. Mineva, M. Petkova, V. Nikolov, B. Petrova, and M. Minev
Subjects: Trait, medicine, Anxiety, cold pressor test, State (functional analysis), medicine.symptom, pain threshold, Psychology, state and trait anxiety, lcsh:Science (General), pain tolerance, Clinical psychology, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract: Pain is an experience that has physical, psychological and social aspects. Sensitivity to pain is individual and depends on psychological factors. Studies have shown that anxiety is associated with the perception of experimentally induced pain. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between anxiety, threshold and tolerance to experimentally induced pain in healthy persons. METHODS: 35 healthy persons at the age from 19 to 39, 20 women and 15 men were examined. Methods: Spielberger’s questionnaire, Cold pressor test, Visual Analog Scale for Pain, Descriptive statistics, Correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney’s Test. RESULTS: Significant differences in tolerance to pain were identified depending on the levels of state anxiety (U=12.5, Р=0.037). The state anxiety was greatly related to the intensity of the pain experienced. (Spearman rho=0.49, P=0.008). Significant differences were not found in threshold, tolerance and intensity of pain depending on the levels of trait anxiety in the examined people. CONCLUSIONS: The increased levels of state anxiety in healthy persons exposed to experimentally induced pain suggest a weaker endurance to pain and perceiving it as stronger.
Published: 2018

34. Self-esteem in adolescents

Author: R. Strebkova, M. Petkova, K. Mineva, B. Petrova, and M. Minev
Subjects: self-esteem, media_common.quotation_subject, Self-esteem, self-perception, 03 medical and health sciences, academic achievement, 0302 clinical medicine, adolescence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychology, lcsh:Science (General), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology, media_common, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract: PURPOSE. Self-esteem is an overall evaluation of the person’s value, expressed in a positive or negative orientation towards himself. Its development starts from birth and is constantly changing under the influence of experience (1). Especially important is the role of self-esteem in the process of adolescence. During this period, it correlates with both academic achievement and mental health. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between academic achievement and self-esteem among teenagers. Forty 14-year-old students (20 boys and 20 girls) with excellent, very good and good results in school were examined. Methods: Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) (2). The study results show that girls have significantly more negative attitudes towards themselves (x = 32.25) comparing with boys (x = 25.14). These results support the need for further research to explore how individual and contextual factors affect the development of self-esteem over the school years.
Published: 2018

35. Body awareness and responses to experimentally Induced pain

Author: R. Strebkova, M. Petkova, M. Minev, and B. Petrova
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, 05 social sciences, cold pressor test, 030229 sport sciences, Body awareness, pain tolerance, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, experimental pain, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, pain threshold, business, lcsh:Science (General), lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract: PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to discuss personal and demographic factors that influence the relationship between physical activity and awareness of one's own body, as well as the pain response (threshold and tolerance of pain), situational anxiety and personality. In the study 38 healthy individual- volunteers, students in Trakia University - Stara Zagora were selected. All participants were divided into two groups: actively involved in individual or team sport (n = 19) and healthy normaly active subjects (non-athletes, n = 19). The age of the study participants ranged between 18 and 39 years, while the gender breakdown was as follows: men - 22 women – 16. Methods: Psychological Questionnaires: Body Awareness Questionnaire that asks subjects to rate, on a 4 point scale, the degree to which they were currently experiencing symptoms of sympathetic arousal, State Trait Anger Scale, and State Trait Anxiety Scale. Objective methods (cold pressure test) are used only to determine the pain sensation and pain tolerance thresholds. The results of investigation support significant differences between athletes and non-athletes in pain thershold, body awareness and anxiety. The study conclusions discuss body awareness as an increasing factor for pain resistance in athletes and as an integral part of the learning process among them.
Published: 2017

36. Assessment of cancer related fatigue

Author: M. Petkova, M. Minev, and R. Strebkova
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Depression, business.industry, Assessment, Anxiety, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Internal medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.symptom, lcsh:Science (General), business, Cancer-related fatigue, Fatigue, Сancer, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract: Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common and significant symptoms experienced by cancer patients. The cancer-related fatigue can occur at any stage of the disease or its treatment and has an impact on patient's quality of life, regarding physical functioning and the ability to perform activities of daily living. In addition, it is associated with psychological distress. There is no agreement between various authors about the definition and measurement of cancer-related fatigue. There is a range of scales which measure cancer-related fatigue based on unidimensional or multi-dimensional perspective. This review aims to identify available tools applied in practice for the measurement and evaluation of cancer-related fatigue and discusses important conceptual and psychometric characteristics of these instruments.
Published: 2017

37. The beamed jet and quasar core of the distant blazar 4C 71.07

Author: A. Di Paola, Evgeni Ovcharov, Yu. V. Troitskaya, Sergey S. Savchenko, A. A. Arkharov, N. V. Efimova, V. Bozhilov, M. G. Nikolashvili, Sunay Ibryamov, Elena G. Larionova, Manash R. Samal, P. Calcidese, I. Agudo, Marcello Giroletti, Givi N. Kimeridze, J. L. Gomez, Carolina Casadio, Anne Lähteenmäki, C. M. Raiteri, Alan P. Marscher, Valeri M. Larionov, Uwe Bach, D. Carosati, P. Romano, M. Minev, G. A. Borman, A. C. Sadun, Lorand A. Sigua, E. N. Kopatskaya, S. Vercellone, Joseph Moody, Goran Damljanović, Evgeni Semkov, D. O. Mirzaqulov, S. Baitieri, M. Villata, A. Strigachev, O. M. Kurtanidze, Helen Jermak, S. A. Klimanov, R. Bachev, Stoyanka Peneva, Wen Ping Chen, Walter Boschin, S. G. Jorstad, Sol N. Molina, D. A. Morozova, Iain A. Steele, O. Vince, M. S. Butuzova, T. S. Grishina, V. T. Doroshenko, Sofia O. Kurtanidze, M. I. Carnerero, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, L. Slavcheva-Mihova, Simona Righini, N. Rizzi, S. V. Nazarov, Boyko Mihov, Ivan S. Troitsky, Sh. A. Ehgamberdiev, Merja Tornikoski, A. A. Nikiforova, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Ministry of Education, Youth and Science (Bulgaria), Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Russian Science Foundation, and Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation
Subjects: ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, RADIO-SOURCES, Quasars: individual: 4C 71.07, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, jets [galaxies], Library science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, The Republic, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, ABSORPTION, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, SPECTRA, Bulgarian, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, BLACK-HOLES, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Government, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, St petersburg, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies: active, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, language.human_language, Joint research, VARIABILITY, Work (electrical), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Galaxies: jets, WEBT CAMPAIGN, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), individual: 4C 71.07 [quasars], active [galaxies], language, LUMINOSITY, ROTATIONS, Christian ministry, COMPLETE SAMPLE, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The object 4C 71.07 is a high-redshift blazar whose spectral energy distribution shows a prominent big blue bump and a strong Compton dominance. We present the results of a 2- yr multiwavelength campaign led by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) to study both the quasar core and the beamed jet of this source. The WEBT data are complemented by ultraviolet and X-ray data from Swift, and by γ-ray data by Fermi. The big blue bump is modelled by using optical and near-infrared mean spectra obtained during the campaign, together with optical and ultraviolet quasar templates. We give prescriptions to correct the source photometry in the various bands for the thermal contribution, in order to derive the non-thermal jet flux. The role of the intergalactic medium absorption is analysed in both the ultraviolet and X-ray bands.We provide opacity values to deabsorb ultraviolet data, and derive a best-guess value for the hydrogen column density of Nbest H = 6.3 × 10 cmthrough the analysis of X-ray spectra.We estimate the disc and jet bolometric luminosities, accretion rate, and black hole mass. Light curves do not show persistent correlations among flux changes at different frequencies. We study the polarimetric behaviour and find no correlation between polarization degree and flux, even when correcting for the dilution effect of the big blue bump. Similarly, wide rotations of the electric vector polarization angle do not seem to be connected with the source activity.© 2019 The Author(s)., We acknowledge financial contribution from the agreement ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.0 and from the contract PRIN-SKA-CTA-INAF 2016. PR and SV acknowledge contract ASI-INAF I/004/11/0. We acknowledge support by Bulgarian National Science Programme 'Young Scientists and Postdoctoral Students 2019', Bulgarian National Science Fund under grant DN18-10/2017 and National RI Roadmap Projects DO1-157/28.08.2018 and DO1-153/28.08.2018 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria. GD and OV gratefully acknowledge the observing grant support from the Institute of Astronomy and Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences via bilateral joint research project 'Study of ICRF radio-sources and fast variable astronomical objects' (head -G.Damljanovic). This work is a part of the Projects No. 176011 ('Dynamics and Kinematics of Celestial Bodies and Systems'), No. 176004 ('Stellar Physics'), and No. 176021 ('Visible and Invisible Matter in Nearby Galaxies: Theory and Observations') supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. This research was partially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund of theMinistry of Education and Science under grants DN 08-1/2016, DN 18-13/2017, and KP-06-H28/3 (2018). The Skinakas Observatory is a collaborative project of the University of Crete, the Foundation for Research and Technology -Hellas, and the Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik. The St Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian Science Foundation grant no. 17-12-01029. The Abastumani team acknowledges financial support by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation under contract FR/217950/16. This work was partly supported by the National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science of Bulgaria under grant DN 08-20/2016, and by funds of the project RD-08-37/2019 of the University of Shumen. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA) is managed by the Fondazione Clement Fillietroz-ONLUS, which is supported by the Regional Government of the Aosta Valley, the Town Municipality of Nus and the Unite des Communes valdotaines Mont-Emilius'. The research at the OAVdA was partially funded by two 'Research and Education' grants from Fondazione CRT
Published: 2019

38. Statistics of VHE gamma-Rays in Temporal Association with Radio Giant Pulses from the Crab Pulsar

Author: J. Palacio, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, L. Maraschi, Elina Lindfors, Daniel Mazin, Chiara Righi, Wlodek Bednarek, Alessandro Carosi, P. Temnikov, Pratik Majumdar, N. Torres-Albà, M. V. Fonseca, S. N. Shore, Martin Will, Jose Miguel Miranda, E. Colombo, E. Prandini, Aaron Dominguez, Kari Nilsson, L. O. Takalo, Francesco Longo, Juan Abel Barrio, Masahiro Teshima, Nikola Godinovic, U. Menzel, L. A. Antonelli, Mosè Mariotti, D. Hadasch, J. E. Ward, Alba Fernández-Barral, M. Engelkemeier, Stefano Covino, Martin Makariev, Alexander Hahn, P. Colin, Saverio Lombardi, Andrea Rugliancich, Sidika Merve Colak, Oscar Blanch, Arka Chatterjee, Adrian Biland, Christian Fruck, Tomoki Saito, M. Doert, T. Surić, Shimpei Tsujimoto, M. Garczarczyk, Ana Babić, D. Fidalgo, M. Peresano, Camilla Maggio, J. Rico, S. Schroeder, Ivica Puljak, Ievgen Vovk, M. Vazquez Acosta, D. Dominis Prester, Tarek M. Hassan, B. Biasuzzi, Victoria Moreno, Fabrizio Tavecchio, L. Nogués, E. Moretti, D. Kuveždić, Jose Luis Contreras, Abelardo Moralejo, F. Di Pierro, Yusuke Konno, Juan Cortina, T. Schweizer, J. R. Garcia, Giacomo Bonnoli, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, V. Fallah Ramazani, Max Ludwig Ahnen, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, T. Nagayoshi, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, Gaia Vanzo, G. Maneva, Junko Kushida, P. Da Vela, Kyoshi Nishijima, U. Barres de Almeida, M. Minev, I. Reichardt, P. Giammaria, A. Niedzwiecki, R. Smits, M. Gaug, Damir Lelas, D. Elsaesser, I. Snidaric, Dorota Sobczyńska, J. Herrera, B. De Lotto, Julian Sitarek, Koji Noda, J. Hose, Elisa Bernardini, Stefano Ansoldi, David Paneque, M. I. Martínez, Riccardo Paoletti, D. Guberman, Marina Manganaro, Sabrina Einecke, D. Galindo, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, P. G. Prada Moroni, Tomislav Terzić, Francesco Dazzi, J. Becerra González, Alessio Berti, Natalia Lewandowska, L. Perri, D. Eisenacher Glawion, Cosimo Nigro, M. Nievas Rosillo, B. Banerjee, C. Arcaro, Lluis Font, Marcel Strzys, R. J. García López, G. Pedaletti, Massimo Persic, Wolfgang Rhode, D. Ninci, M. Hayashida, D. Zarić, Marc Ribó, P. Bangale, Hidetoshi Kubo, R. Mirzoyan, Kazuma Ishio, Rodolfo Carosi, German Research Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Universidad de Barcelona, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, Foundation for Polish Science, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Dominguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Engelkemeier, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernandez-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinovic, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuvez Dic, D., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schroeder, S., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Suric, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Treves, A., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zaric, D., and Smits, R.
Subjects: Photon, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Radio continuum: stars, VHE [gamma ray], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cherenkov, individual, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Pulsars: individual: Crab pulsar, pulsar, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), photon, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, imaging, pulsed, Gamma rays: stars, pulsars: individual: Crab pulsar - gamma-rays: stars - radio continuum: stars - radiation mechanics: non-thermal, detector [radio wave], statistics, Crab pulsar, Global Positioning System, stars [Radio continuum], Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, stars, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, pulsars, gamma rays, radio continuum, radiation mechanisms, non-thermal, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Radio telescope, star [Gamma rays], Pulsar, emission [gamma ray], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, enhancement, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], business.industry, Crab Pulsar, stars [Gamma rays], Astronomy and Astrophysics, individual: Crab pulsar [Pulsars], MAGIC, flux, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, correlation, ddc:520, business, statistical
Abstract: [Aims] The aim of this study is to search for evidence of a common emission engine between radio giant pulses (GPs) and very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ-rays from the Crab pulsar., [Methods] We performed 16 h of simultaneous observations of the Crab pulsar at 1.4 GHz with the Effelsberg radio telescope and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT), and at energies above 60 GeV we used the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes. We searched for a statistical correlation between the radio and VHE γ-ray emission with search windows of different lengths and different time lags to the arrival times of a radio GP. A dedicated search for an enhancement in the number of VHE γ-rays correlated with the occurrence of radio GPs was carried out separately for the P1 and P2 phase ranges, respectively., [Results] In the radio data sample, 99444 radio GPs were detected. We find no significant correlation between the GPs and VHE photons in any of the search windows. Depending on phase cuts and the chosen search windows, we find upper limits at a 95% confidence level on an increase in VHE γ-ray events correlated with radio GPs between 7% and 61% of the average Crab pulsar VHE flux for the P1 and P2 phase ranges, respectively. This puts upper limits on the flux increase during a radio GP between 12% and 2900% of the pulsed VHE flux, depending on the search window duration and phase cuts. This is the most stringent upper limit on a correlation between γ-ray emission and radio GPs reported so far., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, CSD2009-00064), and the Japanese JSPS and MEXT is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2012-0234 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project 09/176 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ.
Published: 2019
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39. Testing emission models on the extreme blazar 2WHSP J073326.7+515354 detected at very high energies with the MAGIC telescopes

Author: Adrian Biland, J. Becerra González, J. Rico, Satoshi Fukami, Alessandra Lamastra, D. Mazin, G. Busetto, L. Di Venere, Alessio Berti, F. Leone, Neustroev, Kazuma Ishio, R. Mirzoyan, Rodolfo Carosi, Mosè Mariotti, Masahiro Teshima, Manuela Mallamaci, Sargis Gasparyan, Léa Jouvin, John Hoang, Cosimo Nigro, F. D'Ammando, A. Somero, Wolfgang Rhode, L. Nogués, A. Arbet Engels, Juan Abel Barrio, M. Minev, D. Dominis Prester, Giacomo Bonnoli, Stefano Covino, A. López-Oramas, Narek Sahakyan, Daniela Dorner, Luca Tosti, Julian Sitarek, Fallah Ramazani, Tihomir Surić, Pablo Peñil, Lorenzo Bellizzi, Gaia Vanzo, M. Gaug, D. Fidalgo, P. G. Prada Moroni, K. Nishijima, Daniela Hadasch, Francesco Longo, Alicia Fattorini, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, G. Maneva, U. Barres de Almeida, Damir Lelas, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, R. J. García López, Katsuaki Asano, David Paneque, Saverio Lombardi, D. Ninci, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, Koji Noda, Chiara Righi, M. Peresano, Daniel Kerszberg, Pratik Majumdar, D. Guberman, Dorota Sobczyńska, Matteo Cerruti, V. A. Acciari, Yuki Iwamura, Susumu Inoue, Elisa Bernardini, Wlodek Bednarek, M. V. Fonseca, P. Temnikov, A. Rugliancich, Martin Makariev, Marina Manganaro, G. Ferrara, L. Maraschi, Elina Lindfors, Martin Will, D. Zarić, Oscar Blanch, Nikola Godinovic, D. Strom, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, N. Torres-Albà, Ferdinando Giordano, Jordi Delgado, U. Colin, David A. Green, Marc Ribó, M. Palatiello, F. Di Pierro, Ž. Bošnjak, Ivica Puljak, Tomislav Terzić, Alexander Hahn, D. Elsaesser, Toshiaki Inada, B. Banerjee, Shunsuke Sakurai, Kevin Schmidt, Dario Hrupec, E. Molina, Hidetoshi Kubo, M. A. Lopez, Konstancja Satalecka, M. I. Martínez, Michele Doro, Francesco Dazzi, E. Colombo, A. De Angelis, Mitsunari Takahashi, Lab Saha, Luca Foffano, P. Munar-Adrover, Massimo Persic, Stefano Ansoldi, Davide Depaoli, Yating Chai, Junko Kushida, Stefan Cikota, P. Da Vela, Jose Miguel Miranda, Vitale, Riccardo Paoletti, J. van Scherpenberg, Sasa Micanovic, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, J. Palacio, E. Prandini, M. Vazquez Acosta, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Moritz Hütten, Vagelli, A. Chilingaryan, Ievgen Vovk, Dominik Baack, Marcel Strzys, Jose Carlos Herrera, Jürgen Besenrieder, T. Schweizer, D’Elia, Camilla Maggio, Christian Fruck, N. Giglietto, Moreno, Yusuke Suda, Carlo Vigorito, Sidika Merve Colak, Manuel Delfino, Alice Donini, L. A. Antonelli, Ana Babić, R. Clavero, Daniel Morcuende, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, I. Snidaric, Kari Nilsson, D. Miceli, Serena Loporchio, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, B. De Lotto, S. Nozaki, Ciro Bigongiari, M. Garczarczyk, R. López-Coto, ITA, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingaryan, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., de Angelis, A., de Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espineira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kerszberg, D., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Vagelli, V., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Asano, K., D'Ammando, F., and Clavero, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, galaxie [Gamma-rays], active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, astro-ph.HE, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Jet (particle physics), X-rays: general, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, law, general [X-rays], 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, general [BL Lacertae objects], Gamma ray, BL Lacertae objects: general - galaxies: active - gamma-rays: galaxies - X-rays: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, alaxies: active, BL Lacertae objects: general, gamma-rays: gala, Galaxies: active, Synchrotron, galaxies [gamma-rays], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution, ddc:520, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-rays: galaxies
Abstract: Extreme high-energy peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are an emerging class of blazars. Their typical two-hump structured spectral energy distribution (SED) peaks at higher energies with respect to conventional blazars. Multi-wavelength (MWL) observations constrain their synchrotron peak in the medium to hard X-ray band. Their gamma-ray SED peaks above the GeV band, and in some objects it extends up to several TeV. Up to now, only a few EHBLs have been detected in the TeV gamma-ray range. In this paper, we report the detection of the EHBL 2WHSP J073326.7+515354, observed and detected during 2018 in TeV gamma rays with the MAGIC telescopes. The broad-band SED is studied within a MWL context, including an analysis of the Fermi-LAT data over ten years of observation and with simultaneous Swift-XRT, Swift-UVOT, and KVA data. Our analysis results in a set of spectral parameters that confirms the classification of the source as an EHBL. In order to investigate the physical nature of this extreme emission, different theoretical frameworks were tested to model the broad-band SED. The hard TeV spectrum of 2WHSP J073326.7+515354 sets the SED far from the energy equipartition regime in the standard one-zone leptonic scenario of blazar emission. Conversely, more complex models of the jet, represented by either a two-zone spine-layer model or a hadronic emission model, better represent the broad-band SED., MNRAS published
Published: 2019

40. Deep observations of the globular cluster M15 with the MAGIC telescopes

Author: B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, A. Lamastra, Jordi Delgado, P. Giammaria, Razmik Mirzoyan, D. Baack, D. Galindo, Massimo Persic, John Hoang, E. Moretti, J. Palacio, Pablo Peñil, Chiara Righi, A. Hahn, R. J. García López, Kari Nilsson, P. Majumdar, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, J. Becerra González, Dorota Sobczyńska, Francesco Longo, Satoshi Masuda, D. Dominis Prester, Adrian Biland, S. Gasparyan, Y. Iwamura, M. Strzys, J. Kushida, S. M. Colak, Abelardo Moralejo, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, A. Fernández-Barral, N. Godinović, Takashi Saito, Pierre Colin, Tihomir Surić, Francesco Leone, W. Rhode, M. V. Fonseca, I. Puljak, P G Prada Moroni, N. Sahakyan, W. Bhattacharyya, V. Fallah Ramazani, J. Rico, P. Munar-Adrover, Oscar Blanch, A. Somero, Saverio Lombardi, Louis Antonelli, U. Barres de Almeida, A. Niedzwiecki, D. Fidalgo, M. Will, David H. Green, Edgar Molina, V. D'Elia, E. Colombo, S. Gallozzi, A. De Angelis, G. Vanzo, Petar Temnikov, Koji Noda, Ana Babić, Stefan Cikota, A. Fattorini, D. Ninci, Shimpei Tsujimoto, M. I. Martínez, M. Vazquez Acosta, Stefano Ansoldi, Elisa Bernardini, Masahiro Teshima, M. Peresano, Giovanni Busetto, M. Mallamaci, F. Di Pierro, Lab Saha, B. De Lotto, D. Dorner, Markus Gaug, M. López, Elisa Prandini, A. Arbet Engels, D. Hadasch, Sabrina Einecke, Victoria Moreno, D. Kuveždić, Julian Sitarek, Rodolfo Carosi, D. Lelas, Vitaly Neustroev, Francesco Dazzi, Darko Zarić, Jürgen Besenrieder, K. Mannheim, Juan Abel Barrio, D. Elsaesser, I. Vovk, M. Makariev, Ciro Bigongiari, Aaron Dominguez, M. Nöthe, S. Paiano, B. Banerjee, K. Ishio, C. Nigro, G. Ceribella, G. Pedaletti, W. Bednarek, C. Maggio, G. Maneva, E. Do Souto Espiñera, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, Tomislav Terzić, Susumu Inoue, M. Nievas Rosillo, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, A. López-Oramas, L. Foffano, L. Maraschi, M. Delfino, Marc Ribó, Jose Carlos Herrera, Elina Lindfors, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, J. R. Garcia, Stefano Covino, M. Minev, Hidetoshi Kubo, G. Bonnoli, T. Schweizer, L. Nogués, M. Mariotti, M. Garczarczyk, V. A. Acciari, J. van Scherpenberg, K. Nishijima, P. Da Vela, Iva Šnidarić, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, G. Ferrara, D. Paneque, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, C. Fruck, D. Guberman, N. Torres-Albà, Jose Miguel Miranda, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Do Souto Espinera, E., Dominguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernandez-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuvezdic, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Oramas, A., Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nothe, M., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Penil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Suric, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tsujimoto, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Will, M., and Zaric, D.
Subjects: Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, general [Pulsars], Globular clusters: general, FOS: Physical sciences, astro-ph.HE, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, stars [gamma-rays], Pulsar, Millisecond pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma-rays: stars, Globular clusters: individual: M15, Pulsars: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, star [Gamma-rays], education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, education.field_of_study, individual: M15 [Globular clusters], non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Compton scattering, Stars, Crab Nebula, Globular cluster, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrónica, general [Globular clusters], radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, pulsars: general, globular clusters: general, globular clusters: individual: M15, gamma-rays: stars, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Lepton
Abstract: A population of globular clusters (GCs) has been recently established by the Fermi-LAT telescope as a new class of GeV $\gamma$-ray sources. Leptons accelerated to TeV energies, in the inner magnetospheres of MSPs or in their wind regions, should produce $\gamma$-rays through the inverse Compton scattering in the dense radiation field from the huge population of stars. We have conducted deep observations of the globular cluster M15 with the MAGIC telescopes and used 165 hrs in order to search for $\gamma$-ray emission. A strong upper limit on the TeV $\gamma$-ray flux $, Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2019

41. Investigating the multiwavelength behaviour of the flat spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013-2017

Author: Manasvita Joshi, Omar M. Kurtanidze, Katsura Matsumoto, Kozo Sadakane, Erika Benítez, Alan P. Marscher, O. Vince, Sebastian Kiehlmann, Rumen Bachev, Evgeni Ovcharov, Yu. V. Troitskaya, Talvikki Hovatta, Boyko Mihov, Givi N. Kimeridze, S. V. Nazarov, Arkady A. Arkharov, T. Pursimo, Joseph Moody, A. Giunta, Ivan S. Troitsky, Goran Damljanović, C. Espinosa, A. Fuentes, Yu. V. Sotnikova, N. Castro-Segura, Sol N. Molina, Evgeni Semkov, D. O. Mirzaqulov, M. I. Carnerero, Walter Boschin, M. G. Nikolashvili, T. V. Mufakharov, G. Rodríguez-Coira, Valeri M. Larionov, P. Calcidese, Walter Max-Moerbeck, D. A. Morozova, Sergey S. Savchenko, M. Mingaliev, D. Carosati, W. P. Chen, A. C. Sadun, A. A. Vasilyev, G. V. Baida, S. G. Jorstad, A. Strigachev, David Hiriart, N Okhmat, Juan Echevarria, Lorand A. Sigua, Paul S. Smith, F. D'Ammando, L. Slavcheva-Mihova, Joni Tammi, N. V. Efimova, C. S. Lin, E. N. Kopatskaya, Raul Michel, F. Pinna, B. McBreen, Iain A. Steele, N. Rizzi, Clemens Thum, Mark Gurwell, C. Protasio, M. Villata, J. M. Ohlert, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, Manash R. Samal, Sh. A. Ehgamberdiev, I. Agudo, Merja Tornikoski, K. S. Kuratov, Anthony C. S. Readhead, A. A. Nikiforova, Michael P. Malmrose, J. L. Gomez, B. Jordan, M. Minev, T. A. Polakis, A. Di Paola, L. V. Larionova, Carolina Casadio, Anne Lähteenmäki, Elena G. Larionova, Bozhilov, C. Lázaro, Helen Jermak, F. J. Redondo-Lorenzo, G. A. Borman, Rodrigo Reeves, Sofia O. Kurtanidze, M. S. Butuzova, Brian A. Skiff, T. S. Grishina, T. J. Pearson, C. M. Raiteri, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Russian Science Foundation, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Smithsonian Institution, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), WEBT, OVRO Team, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: TELESCOPE, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, jets [galaxies], nuclei [galaxies], Library science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, individual: CTA 102 [galaxies], 01 natural sciences, FERMI, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Bulgarian, Aerospace, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, SCALE, Physics, CALIBRATION, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), SWIFT, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: jets, gamma-rays: general, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Monitoring program, BLAZARS, language.human_language, VARIABILITY, Work (electrical), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, High energy accelerator, FLARES, language, RADIATION, OBJECTS, galaxies: individual: cta 102, galaxies: nuclei, business, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Administration (government), Research center, general [gamma-rays]
Abstract: We present a multiwavelength study of the flat-spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013-2017. We use radio-to-optical data obtained by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope, 15 GHz data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, 91 and 103 GHz data from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, near-infrared data from the Rapid Eye Monitor telescope, as well as data from the Swift (optical-UV and X-rays) and Fermi (γ -rays) satellites to study flux and spectral variability and the correlation between flux changes at different wavelengths. Unprecedented γ -ray flaring activity was observed during 2016 November-2017 February, with four major outbursts. A peak flux of (2158 ± 63) × 10−8 ph cm−2 s−1, corresponding to a luminosity of (2.2 ± 0.1) × 1050 erg s−1, was reached on 2016 December 28. These four γ -ray outbursts have corresponding events in the near-infrared, optical, and UV bands, with the peaks observed at the same time. A general agreement between X-ray and γ -ray activity is found. The γ -ray flux variations show a general, strong correlation with the optical ones with no time lag between the two bands and a comparable variability amplitude. This γ -ray/optical relationship is in agreement with the geometrical model that has successfully explained the low-energy flux and spectral behaviour, suggesting that the long-term flux variations are mainly due to changes in the Doppler factor produced by variations of the viewing angle of the emitting regions. The difference in behaviour between radio and higher energy emission would be ascribed to different viewing angles of the jet regions producing their emission. © 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society, The data collected by the WEBT collaboration are stored in the WEBT archive at the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino INAF (http://www.oato.inaf.it/blazars/webt/); for questions regarding their availability, contact the WEBT President Massimo Villata(massimo.villata@inaf.it).We acknowledge financial contribution from the agreementASI-INAFn. 2017-14-H.0 and from the contract PRIN-SKA-CTA-INAF 2016. This research was partially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science under grants DN 08-1/2016, DN 18-13/2017, and KP-06-H28/3 (2018). The Skinakas Observatory is a collaborative project of the University of Crete, the Foundation for Research and Technology -Hellas, and the Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik. The Abastumani team acknowledges financial support by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation under contract FR/217554/16. The St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian Science Foundation grant 17-12-01029. GD and OV gratefully acknowledge the observing grant support from the Institute of Astronomy and Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, via bilateral joint research project 'Study of ICRF radio-sources and fast variable astronomical objects' (head -G.Damljanovic). This work is a part of the Projects No. 176011 ('Dynamics and Kinematics of Celestial Bodies and Systems'), No. 176004 ('Stellar Physics'), and No. 176021 ('Visible and Invisible Matter in Nearby Galaxies: Theory and Observations') supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. JE is indebted to DGAPA (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M ' exico) for financial support, PAPIIT project IN114917. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. Data from the Steward Observatory blazar monitoring project were used. This program is supported by NASA/Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNX12AO93G and NNX15AU81G. We acknowledge support by Bulgarian National Science Programme 'Young Scientists and Postdoctoral Students 2019', Bulgarian National Science Fund under grant DN18-10/2017 and National RI Roadmap Projects DO1-157/28.08.2018 and DO1-153/28.08.2018 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria. This publication makes use of data obtained at Mets ahovi Radio Observatory, operated by Aalto University in Finland. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of theAostaValley (OAVdA) is managed by the Fondazione Clment Fillietroz-ONLUS, which is supported by the Regional Government of the Aosta Valley, the TownMunicipality of Nus and the 'Unit des Communes valdtaines Mont-milius'. The research at the OAVdA was partially funded by two 'Research and Education' grants from Fondazione CRT. RR acknowledges support from CONICYT project Basal AFB-170002. MM and TM acknowledge support through the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. The OVRO 40-m monitoring program is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G, and NNX14AQ89G, and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. We thank the Swift team for making these observations possible, the duty scientists, and science planners. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. FD thanks S. Covino for his help with the REM data reduction. This research has made use of data obtained from the high-energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC) provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
Published: 2019

42. Discovery of TeV γ-ray emission from the neighbourhood of the supernova remnant G24.7+0.6 by MAGIC

Author: R. J. García López, P G Prada Moroni, C. Arcaro, M. Vazquez Acosta, Masahiro Teshima, Elina Lindfors, Nikola Godinovic, Victoria Moreno, Daniel Mazin, Saverio Lombardi, A. Fernández-Barral, Chiara Righi, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, L. Nogués, Cosimo Nigro, M. Nievas Rosillo, Lluis Font, D. Dorner, A. Lamastra, M. Minev, R. Zanin, P. Temnikov, D. Elsaesser, J. Palacio, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Marcel Strzys, V. D'Elia, Martin Will, Stefano Covino, D. Zarić, Adrian Biland, D.F. Torres, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, B. Banerjee, A. Fattorini, Marc Ribó, S. Ansoldi, P. Giammaria, M. A. Lopez, Karl Mannheim, P. Bangale, Junko Kushida, J. Delgado, J. Rico, Kyoshi Nishijima, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, Satoshi Masuda, John Hoang, U. Barres de Almeida, Arka Chatterjee, Tarek M. Hassan, Hidetoshi Kubo, S. Paiano, Aaron Dominguez, F. Di Pierro, D. Kuveždić, Jürgen Besenrieder, Alexander Hahn, D. Hadasch, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, Fabrizio Tavecchio, M. I. Martínez, D. Fidalgo, Juan Abel Barrio, J. Becerra González, J. E. Ward, Damir Lelas, Francesco Longo, I. Snidaric, Sidika Merve Colak, G. Ferrara, E. Colombo, Sabrina Einecke, M. Delfino, Lab Saha, D. Dominis Prester, Alessio Berti, Ievgen Vovk, Louis Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, S. Gallozzi, Gaia Vanzo, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, A. De Angelis, D. Ninci, Michele Doro, Dorota Sobczyńska, Martin Makariev, Ana Babić, Oscar Blanch, R. Mirzoyan, Vitaly Neustroev, W. Bednarek, T. Schweizer, Jose Luis Contreras, Christian Fruck, Julian Sitarek, Juan Cortina, J. Herrera, V. Fallah Ramazani, G. Bonnoli, David Paneque, M. Mariotti, Koji Noda, A. López-Oramas, Ivica Puljak, D. Guberman, Elisa Bernardini, G. Pedaletti, G. Maneva, D. Baack, M. Persic, P. Colin, V. A. Acciari, P. Da Vela, L. Foffano, L. Maraschi, Tomislav Terzić, Kari Nilsson, Yuki Iwamura, Susumu Inoue, J. R. Garcia, Camilla Maggio, Kazuma Ishio, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, A. Niedzwiecki, Elisa Prandini, Rodolfo Carosi, M. Peresano, N. Torres-Albà, Jose Miguel Miranda, D. Galindo, Francesco Leone, T. Surić, Shimpei Tsujimoto, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, Edgar Molina, B. De Lotto, Markus Gaug, Ciro Bigongiari, M. Garczarczyk, W. Rhode, Francesco Dazzi, A. Somero, Pablo Peñil, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., De Almeida, U Barre, Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Oramas, A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Torres, D. F., and Zanin, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, cloud [ISM], ISM:supernova remnants, acceleration of particles, ISM: clouds, cosmic rays, ISM: supernova remnants, gamma-rays: general, astro-ph.HE, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 0103 physical sciences, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, acceleration of particle, cosmic ray, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Spectral index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, supernova remnants [ISM], Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysic, acceleration of particles, cosmic rays, ISM:supernova remnants, ISM: clouds, gamma-rays: general, Acceleration of particles, cosmic rays, gamma-rays: general, ISM: clouds, ISM: supernova remnants, Supernova, 13. Climate action, ddc:520, supernova remnant [ISM], Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, clouds [ISM], general [gamma-rays], Radio wave
Abstract: SNR G24.7+0.6 is a 9.5 kyrs radio and $\gamma$-ray supernova remnant evolving in a dense medium. In the GeV regime, SNR G24.7+0.6 (3FHL\,J1834.1--0706e/FGES\,J1834.1--0706) shows a hard spectral index ($\Gamma$$\sim$2) up to $200$\,GeV, which makes it a good candidate to be observed with Cherenkov telescopes such as MAGIC. We observed the field of view of \snr\ with the MAGIC telescopes for a total of 31 hours. We detect very high energy $\gamma$-ray emission from an extended source located 0.34\degr\ away from the center of the radio SNR. The new source, named \mgc\ is detected up to 5\,TeV, and its spectrum is well-represented by a power-law function with spectral index of $2.74 \pm 0.08$. The complexity of the region makes the identification of the origin of the very-high energy emission difficult, however the spectral agreement with the LAT source and overlapping position at less than 1.5$\sigma$ point to a common origin. We analysed 8 years of \fermi-LAT data to extend the spectrum of the source down to 60\,MeV. \fermi-LAT and MAGIC spectra overlap within errors and the global broad band spectrum is described by a power-law with exponential cutoff at $1.9\pm0.5$\,TeV. The detected $\gamma$-ray emission can be interpreted as the results of proton-proton interaction between the supernova and the CO-rich surrounding., Comment: accepted for publication by MNRAS
Published: 2019

43. Spitzer + VLTI-GRAVITY Measure the Lens Mass of a Nearby Microlensing Event

Author: Robert L. Mutel, Hongjing Yang, Shude Mao, Shun-Sheng Li, Shaoming Hu, Tim Natusch, Fengwu Sun, G. W. Christie, Subo Dong, Tyler Roth, Alexander Kurtenkov, Dax L. Feliz, Antoine Mérand, Weicheng Zang, Jonathan Green, Tharindu Jayasinghe, Yossi Shvartzvald, T. Vanmunster, F. Delplancke-Ströbele, B. Scott Gaudi, Wei Zhu, Robert Koff, Joseph Brimacombe, Andrew Gould, M. Minev, Sean Carey, K. B. Alton, Sebastiano Calchi Novati, and Ping Chen
Subjects: Proper motion, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, Einstein radius, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Very Large Telescope, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Lens (optics), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Parallax
Abstract: We report the lens mass and distance measurements of the nearby microlensing event TCP J05074264+2447555. We measure the microlens parallax vector ${\pi}_{\rm E}$ using Spitzer and ground-based light curves with constraints on the direction of lens-source relative proper motion derived from Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) GRAVITY observations. Combining this ${\pi}_{\rm E}$ determination with the angular Einstein radius $\theta_{\rm E}$ measured by VLTI GRAVITY observations, we find that the lens is a star with mass $M_{\rm L} = 0.495 \pm 0.063~M_{\odot}$ at a distance $D_{\rm L} = 429 \pm 21~{\rm pc}$. We find that the blended light basically all comes from the lens. The lens-source proper motion is $\mu_{\rm rel,hel} = 26.55 \pm 0.36~{\rm mas\,yr^{-1}}$, so with currently available adaptive-optics (AO) instruments, the lens and source can be resolved in 2021. This is the first microlensing event whose lens mass is unambiguously measured by interferometry + satellite parallax observations, which opens a new window for mass measurements of isolated objects such as stellar-mass black holes., Comment: 3 Figures and 6 Tables Submitted to AAS Journal
Published: 2020

44. Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April

Author: Simonetta Puccetti, D. Dominis Prester, M. Makariev, Alice Donini, Sofia O. Kurtanidze, G. Bonnoli, Julian Sitarek, D. Dorner, Yoshiki Ohtani, J. Becerra González, S. Ventura, S. Ansoldi, L. Nogués, J. Besenrieder, A. Rugliancich, P. Munar-Adrover, Jose Luis Contreras, B. Jordan, I. Puljak, Pawel Gliwny, L. V. Larionova, L. Di Venere, Sunay Ibryamov, Abelardo Moralejo, M. I. Martínez, B. De Lotto, Juan Cortina, A. A. Mokrushina, E. Moretti, Kaya Mori, Maria Petropoulou, Elena G. Larionova, J. Rico, Juan Abel Barrio, Narek Sahakyan, A. Fattorini, C. Fruck, F. Del Puppo, F. Verrecchia, Victoria Moreno, Chiara Righi, M. V. Fonseca, Elina Lindfors, Justin D. Finke, D. A. Morozova, V. D'Elia, A. López-Oramas, M. G. Nikolashvili, John Hoang, Susumu Inoue, L. Maraschi, R. Paoletti, R. Reinthal, A. Strigachev, Saverio Lombardi, T. Schweizer, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, Tomislav Terzić, Ferdinando Giordano, Fabrizio Tavecchio, C. Nigro, B. Banerjee, Bernd Schleicher, A. Hahn, R. G. Chanishvili, Francesco Longo, M. Will, Shunsuke Sakurai, Ll. Font, Takeshi Oka, Davide Depaoli, Alan P. Marscher, L. Saha, D. Elsaesser, Antonio Stamerra, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, Joni Tammi, V. Fallah Ramazani, D. Lelas, T. Guever, M. Teshima, J. M. Paredes, Dorota Sobczyńska, Zeljka Bosnjak, Chakali Eswaraiah, A. C. R. Readhead, G. Busetto, Jorge Otero-Santos, Mislav Baloković, J. L. Richards, R. A. Chigladze, Y. Chai, J. Kushida, Seiya Nozaki, Kari Nilsson, U. Barres de Almeida, L. Foffano, Ciro Bigongiari, Saša Mićanović, V. Vitale, Wen Ping Chen, P. Temnikov, T. Saito, Andrei Berdyugin, David H. Green, D. Strom, F. Di Pierro, E. N. Kopatskaya, Stefano Covino, D. Miceli, S. Gasparyan, D. Blinov, G. Maneva, E. Molina, S. G. Jorstad, T. Surić, M. Mariotti, I. Šnidarić, Satoshi Fukami, H. Kubo, M. Vazquez Acosta, R. López-Coto, Kazuma Ishio, Y. Iwamura, M. Gaug, A. Lamastra, A. C. Sadun, J. Herrera, G. Vanzo, Oscar Blanch, T. S. Grishina, Walter Max-Moerbeck, Anne Lähteenmäki, S. M. Colak, Valeri M. Larionov, C. M. Raiteri, C. Maggio, O. M. Kurtanidze, S. Cikota, D. Ninci, G. Ferrara, A. De Angelis, Rumen Bachev, Yu. V. Troitskaya, M. Minev, Georgi Latev, Elisa Bernardini, Other groups, L. Pavletić, Elisa Prandini, Goran Damljanović, Evgeni Semkov, M. Delfino, Wolfgang Rhode, Yusuke Suda, Massimo Persic, Carlo Vigorito, A. Berti, Paul S. Smith, K. Noda, Dario Hrupec, C. Leto, Victor A. Acciari, K. Nishijima, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, Mitsunari Takahashi, P. Peñil, L. Bellizzi, Serena Loporchio, Jose Miguel Miranda, N. Godinović, M. Strzys, Ashot Chilingarian, N. Giglietto, U. Colin, W. Bednarek, Simone Mender, Moritz Hütten, W. Bhattacharyya, I. Agudo, R. Mirzoyan, Louis Antonelli, Dominik Baack, P. Majumdar, G. M. Madejski, A. Arbet Engels, Vitaly Neustroev, J. W. Moody, Luca Tosti, M. Villata, D. Morcuende, N. Torres-Albà, I. Vovk, Jordi Delgado, H. C. Lin, Kevin Schmidt, Talvikki Hovatta, D. Hadasch, M. Palatiello, Y. Kajiwara, Francesco Dazzi, M. Mallamaci, O. Vince, M. Peresano, Yosuke Kobayashi, P. Da Vela, F. D'Ammando, K. Mannheim, R. J. García López, Ivan S. Troitsky, Tjark Miener, David Paneque, A. Biland, Marina Manganaro, P. G. Prada Moroni, Merja Tornikoski, Matteo Cerruti, M. López, Konstancja Satalecka, D. Mazin, Michele Doro, J. Barnes, F. Leone, M. Ribó, J. van Scherpenberg, A. Babić, Alessia Spolon, Léa Jouvin, Manasvita Joshi, Vassil Verguilov, Daniel Kerszberg, V. Ramakrishnan, D. Zarić, Tomohiro Inada, E. Colombo, M. Perri, M. Garczarczyk, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Department of Atomic Energy (India), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Youth and Science (Bulgaria), Academy of Finland, Croatian Science Foundation, University of Rijeka, German Research Foundation, National Centre for Research and Development (Poland), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Energy (US), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Russian Science Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, John Templeton Foundation, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Magic, Collaboration, Other Groups And, Collaborator, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. A., Baack, D., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., De Almeida, U. B., Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. B., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L. K., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bosnjak, Z., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, U., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Vela, P. D., Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. D., Lotto, B. D., Puppo, F. D., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Depaoli, D., Pierro, F. D., Venere, L. D., Souto Espiñeira, E. D., Prester, D. D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. F., Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Lopez, R. J. G., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hutten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Lopez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., De Oliveira Fraga, B. M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Mender, S., Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletic, L., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. P., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suric, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Alba, N., Tosti, L., Scherpenberg, J. V., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. V., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zaric, D., Petropoulou, M., Finke, J., D'Ammando, F., Balokovic, M., Madejski, G., Mori, K., Puccetti, S., Leto, C., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Agudo, I., Bachev, R., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Chanishvili, R., Chen, W. P., Chigladze, R., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, C., Grishina, T. S., Ibryamov, S., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larionov, V. M., Latev, G., Lin, H. C., Marscher, A. P., Mokrushina, A. A., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Semkov, E., Smith, P. S., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Y. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vince, O., Barnes, J., Guver, T., Moody, J. W., Sadun, A. C., Hovatta, T., Richards, J. L., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Lahteenmaki, A., Tornikoski, M., Tammi, J., Ramakrishnan, V., and Reinthal, R.
Subjects: Individual sources Mrk 421, Flux, Astrophysics, Blazar, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov observations, Gamma-ray, Active galaxie, Relativistic jet, MAGIC (telescope), BL lacertae objects, BL Lacertae objects, Blazars, Active galaxies, Markarian galaxies, Gamma-ray detectors, Gamma-rays, Relativistic jets, High energy astrophysics, Observational astronomy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Gamma ray, X-ray, Markarian galaxie, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Individual sources Mrk 421, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov observations, MAGIC, BL Lacertae objects, Blazars, Active galaxies, Markarian galaxies, Gamma-ray detectors, Gamma-rays, Relativistic jets, High energy astrophysics, Observational astronomy, Plasmoid, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, BL Lacertae object, High energy astrophysic, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma-ray detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Magnetic reconnection, Light curve, MAGIC, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report on a multiband variability and correlation study of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 during an exceptional flaring activity observed from 2013 April 11 to 19. The study uses, among others, data from GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT), Swift, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), Fermi Large Area Telescope, Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), and Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC). The large blazar activity and the 43 hr of simultaneous NuSTAR and MAGIC/VERITAS observations permitted variability studies on 15 minute time bins over three X-ray bands (3-7 keV, 7-30 keV, and 30-80 keV) and three very-high-energy (VHE; >0.1 TeV) gamma-ray bands (0.2-0.4 TeV, 0.4-0.8 TeV, and >0.8 TeV). We detected substantial flux variations on multi-hour and sub-hour timescales in all of the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray bands. The characteristics of the sub-hour flux variations are essentially energy independent, while the multi-hour flux variations can have a strong dependence on the energy of the X-rays and the VHE gamma-rays. The three VHE bands and the three X-ray bands are positively correlated with no time lag, but the strength and characteristics of the correlation change substantially over time and across energy bands. Our findings favor multi-zone scenarios for explaining the achromatic/chromatic variability of the fast/slow components of the light curves, as well as the changes in the flux-flux correlation on day-long timescales. We interpret these results within a magnetic reconnection scenario, where the multi-hour flux variations are dominated by the combined emission from various plasmoids of different sizes and velocities, while the sub-hour flux variations are dominated by the emission from a single small plasmoid moving across the magnetic reconnection layer. © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-827 29-C6-6-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2017-87055-C2-2-P, and FPA 201790566REDC), the Indian Department of Atomic Energy, the Japanese JSPS and MEXT, the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO-1153/28.08.2018 and the Academy of Finland grant No. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" SEV-20160588 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382, and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. The Fermi-LAT.Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K..A..Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. This work made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software, and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS) jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC; Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). D.P. and A.B. are grateful to Amy Furniss and Wystan Benbow for providing the VERITAS VHE gamma-ray fluxes and for useful discussions about them. M.P. acknowledges support from the Lyman Jr. Spitzer Postdoctoral Fellowship and NASA Fermi grant No. 80NSSC18K1745., and J.F. is partially supported by NASA under contract S-15633Y. M.B. acknowledges support from NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (grant NNX14AQ07H) and the black hole Initiative at Harvard University, which is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant GBMF8273) and in part by the John Templeton Foundation. This research was partially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science under grants DN 18-13/2017, DN 18-10/2017, KP06-H28/3 (2018), and KP-06-PN38/1 (2019), as well as for the Spanish MIMECO (AYA2016-80889-P, RYC-2013-14511) and the IAA-CSIC "Severo Ochoa" program SEV2017-0709. The St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian Science Foundation grant 17-12-01029. The Abastumani team acknowledges financial support of the project FR/638/6-320/12 by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation under contract 31/77. T.G. acknowledges support from Istanbul University (Project numbers 49429 and 48285), Bilim Akademisi (BAGEP program), and TUBITAK (project numbers 13AT100-431, 13AT100-466, and 13AT60-430). The Boston University effort was supported in part by NASA grants NNX12AO90G and NNX14AQ58G. Data from the Steward Observatory spectropolarimetric monitoring project were used in this paper. This program is supported by Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNX08AW56G, NNX09 AU10G, NNX12AO93G, and NNX15AU81G. The OVRO 40 m monitoring program is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G and NNX11A043G and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland to our observing projects (numbers 212656, 210338, 121148, and others). W.M. acknowledges support from CONICYT project Basal AFB-170002.
Published: 2020

45. Detection of persistent VHE gamma-ray emission from PKS 1510–089 by the MAGIC telescopes during low states between 2012 and 2017

Author: M. I. Martínez, P. Bangale, Sabrina Einecke, Jae-Young Kim, M. Makariev, Aaron Dominguez, Alicia Fattorini, G. Pedaletti, Ivica Puljak, Stefano Covino, B. De Lotto, Pierre Colin, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, Walter Max-Moerbeck, J. Becerra González, A. Arbet Engels, A. De Angelis, Vitaly Neustroev, M. Peresano, Chiara Righi, Juan Abel Barrio, D. Elsaesser, J. Palacio, Satoshi Masuda, J. E. Ward, Juan Cortina, Takashi Saito, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, P. Temnikov, Sidika Merve Colak, Wolfgang Rhode, Giovanni Ceribella, I. Agudo, José L. Gómez, V. A. Acciari, Antonio Stamerra, D. Hadasch, D. Fidalgo, Camilla Maggio, Abelardo Moralejo, A. López-Oramas, P. Munar-Adrover, E. Moretti, Daniela Dorner, Pablo Peñil, Alexander Hahn, Dominik Baack, Gaia Vanzo, G. Maneva, E. Do Souto Espiñera, Joni Tammi, Adrian Biland, Elina Lindfors, Jürgen Besenrieder, C. M. Raiteri, Louis Antonelli, Sol N. Molina, Daniel Mazin, Ievgen Vovk, A. Berti, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, K. Nishijima, Manuel Delfino, M. Gaug, R. J. García López, Nikola Godinovic, D. Dominis Prester, J. Rico, V. Ramakrishnan, Francesco Longo, Pratik Majumdar, D. Zarić, M. V. Fonseca, J. Herrera, T. Schweizer, Antonio Fuentes, Sebastian Kiehlmann, Marc Ribó, Ana Babić, A. Somero, Koji Noda, L. Maraschi, E. Prandini, Elisa Bernardini, P. Giammaria, V. Fallah Ramazani, John Hoang, Massimo Persic, Stefano Ansoldi, S. Paiano, Efthalia Traianou, Riccardo Paoletti, Tomislav Terzić, Ciro Bigongiari, Clemens Thum, B. Banerjee, P. G. Prada Moroni, Hidetoshi Kubo, C. Arcaro, J. van Scherpenberg, Karl Mannheim, I. Snidaric, Oscar Blanch, D. Kuveždić, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, F. Leone, Carolina Casadio, Kari Nilsson, Damir Lelas, Anne Lähteenmäki, Masahiro Teshima, Stefan Cikota, M. Strzys, M. Will, Markus Garczarczyk, Dorota Sobczyńska, D. Ninci, M. Vazquez Acosta, Angela Sandrinelli, Cosimo Nigro, M. Nievas Rosillo, G. Ferrara, M. Minev, Victoria Moreno, G. Bonnoli, Kazuma Ishio, Yuki Iwamura, Susumu Inoue, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Dario Hrupec, Luca Foffano, Ll. Font, L. Nogués, M. A. Lopez, Rodolfo Carosi, Mosè Mariotti, J. M. Paredes, J. R. Garcia, V. D'Elia, Saverio Lombardi, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, Ioannis Myserlis, D. Galindo, Merja Tornikoski, E. Molina, E. Colombo, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Lab Saha, A. Niedzwiecki, David Paneque, D. Guberman, Jordi Delgado, F. Di Pierro, Talvikki Hovatta, P. Da Vela, Julian Sitarek, C. Fruck, N. Torres-Albà, Stefano Gallozzi, Jose Miguel Miranda, Alessandra Lamastra, T. Surić, Shimpei Tsujimoto, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., DI Pierro, F., Do Souto Espiñera, E., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Oramas, A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Becerra González, J., Raiteri, C. M., Sandrinelli, A., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Tornikoski, M., Lähteenmäki, A., Tammi, J., Ramakrishnan, V., Thum, C., Agudo, I., Molina, S. N., Gómez, J. L., Fuentes, A., Casadio, C., Traianou, E., Myserlis, I., Kim, J. -Y., Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Universitat de Barcelona, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Max Planck Society, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Swiss National Science Foundation, and Junta de Andalucía
Subjects: galaxies [Gamma rays], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, jet [Galaxies], law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, Jets (Astrofísica), Broadband, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, quasars: individual: PKS 1510-089, galaxie [Gamma rays], Gamma ray, Galaxies: active, 3. Good health, Magnetic field, Gamma rays: galaxies, Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, Galaxies: jets, Quasars: individual: PKS 1510-089, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Flare, Spectral shape analysis, active [Galaxies], astro-ph.GA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 0103 physical sciences, individual: PKS 1510-089 [Quasars], Quasars, Quàsars, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Quasar, Plasma, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysical jets, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, ddc:520, jets [Galaxies]
Abstract: PKS 1510-089 is a flat spectrum radio quasar strongly variable in the optical and GeV range. To date, very high-energy (VHE, > 100 GeV) emission has been observed from this source either during long high states of optical and GeV activity or during short flares. Aims. We search for low-state VHE gamma-ray emission from PKS 1510-089. We characterize and model the source in a broadband context, which would provide a baseline over which high states and flares could be better understood. Methods. PKS 1510-089 has been monitored by the MAGIC telescopes since 2012. We use daily binned Fermi-LAT flux measurements of PKS 1510-089 to characterize the GeV emission and select the observation periods of MAGIC during low state of activity. For the selected times we compute the average radio, IR, optical, UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray emission to construct a low-state spectral energy distribution of the source. The broadband emission is modeled within an external Compton scenario with a stationary emission region through which plasma and magnetic fields are flowing. We also perform the emission-model-independent calculations of the maximum absorption in the broad line region (BLR) using two different models. Results. The MAGIC telescopes collected 75 hr of data during times when the Fermi-LAT flux measured above 1 GeV was below 3? × 10 -8 ? cm -2 ? s -1 , which is the threshold adopted for the definition of a low gamma-ray activity state. The data show a strongly significant (9.5¿) VHE gamma-ray emission at the level of (4.27 ± 0.61 stat ) × 10 -12 ? cm -2 ? s -1 above 150 GeV, a factor of 80 lower than the highest flare observed so far from this object. Despite the lower flux, the spectral shape is consistent with earlier detections in the VHE band. The broadband emission is compatible with the external Compton scenario assuming a large emission region located beyond the BLR. For the first time the gamma-ray data allow us to place a limit on the location of the emission region during a low gamma-ray state of a FSRQ. For the used model of the BLR, the 95% confidence level on the location of the emission region allows us to place it at a distance > 74% of the outer radius of the BLR. © ESO 2018., The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, CSD2009-00064), and the Japanese JSPS and MEXT is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Exce-lencia “Severo Ochoa” SEV-2012-0234 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382, and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. IA acknowledges support from a Ramón y Cajal grant of the Ministerio de Economía, Industria, y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain. Acquisition and reduction of the POLAMI and MAPCAT data was supported in part by MINECO through grants AYA2010-14844, AYA2013-40825-P, and AYA2016-80889-P, and by the Regional Government of Andalucía through grant P09-FQM-4784.
Published: 2018

46. The Blazar TXS 0506+056 associated with a high-energy neutrino: insights into extragalactic jets and cosmic-ray acceleration

Author: M. Makariev, John Hoang, J. Besenrieder, J. Rico, W. Rhode, M. Vazquez Acosta, L. Nogués, J. Kushida, Simona Paiano, D. Hadasch, R. Ch. Berse, Jose Luis Contreras, Abelardo Moralejo, E. Moretti, K. Mielke, P. Da Vela, Ievgen Vovk, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, M. I. Martínez, Juan Cortina, P. Bangale, A. Hahn, W. Bhattacharyya, K. Pfrang, F. Di Pierro, D. Fidalgo, M. Mariotti, K. Nishijima, G. Pedaletti, V. Moreno, G. Vanzo, S. Gallozzi, Sabrina Einecke, K. Mannheim, T. Saito, D. Dorner, C. Maggio, D. Dominis Prester, Stefano Covino, Matteo Cerruti, Marina Manganaro, Juan Abel Barrio, P. G. Prada Moroni, M. Strzys, S. Lombardi, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, J. R. Garcia, P. Peñil, M. Minev, D. Lelas, F. Leone, B. De Lotto, Elisa Prandini, Rodolfo Carosi, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, S. M. Colak, C. Arcaro, M. A. Lopez, M. Peresano, G. Ceribella, A. Niedzwiecki, M. V. Fonseca, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, Ana Babić, David Paneque, Ciro Bigongiari, Petar Temnikov, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Stefano Ansoldi, Fabrizio Tavecchio, I. Šnidarić, Eduardo Colombo, Razmik Mirzoyan, Elina Lindfors, Ll. Font, Markus Gaug, D. Guberman, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, J. Palacio, Christian Fruck, A. Fattorini, Tomislav Terzić, B. Banerjee, Dorota Sobczyńska, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Y. Iwamura, M. Hayashida, P. Giammaria, R. J. García López, Markus Garczarczyk, Francesco Longo, N. Godinović, Lab Saha, Pierre Colin, Kari Nilsson, G. Maneva, V. Fallah Ramazani, Marc Ribó, Massimo Persic, M. Will, Hidetoshi Kubo, Pratik Majumdar, D. Elsaesser, Jose Carlos Herrera, G. Ferrara, G. Bonnoli, Oscar Blanch, Jordi Delgado, M. Delfino, Julian Sitarek, Masahiro Teshima, T. Schweizer, D. Ninci, Chiara Righi, Satoshi Masuda, Arka Chatterjee, Yusuke Konno, I. Puljak, Laura Maraschi, C. Nigro, Darko Zarić, Luca Foffano, Aaron Dominguez, A. Lamastra, J. E. Ward, Shimpei Tsujimoto, A. Rugliancich, Vitaly Neustroev, Susumu Inoue, N. Torres-Albà, Valerio D'Elia, Dominik Baack, Adrian Biland, Jose Miguel Miranda, Tihomir Surić, Louis Antonelli, A. De Angelis, U. Barres de Almeida, M. Nievas Rosillo, K. Ishio, J. Becerra González, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. Ch., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D'Elia, V., Vela, P. Da, Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. De, Lotto, B. De, Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Pierro, F. Di, Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Gallozzi, S., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Rosillo, M. Nieva, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pfrang, K., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albá, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Cerruti, Matteo, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MAGIC, and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: neutrino: energy: high, jets [galaxies], Electron, Astrophysics, individual (TXS 0506+056) [BL Lacertae objects], 01 natural sciences, neutrino, Absorption (logic), MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, interaction [electron], cosmic ray, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, photon, neutrinos, 520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Neutrino detector, inverse [Compton scattering], electron: interaction, galaxies [gamma rays], acceleration [cosmic radiation], Física nuclear, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, VHE, energy [p], blazar, X-ray, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, gamma rays: galaxies, ddc:530, galaxie [gamma rays], energy: high [neutrino], cosmic radiation: acceleration, Blazar, plasma, BL Lacertae objects: individual, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, galaxies: jets, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, 530 Physik, MAGIC, BL Lacertae objects: individual (TXS 0506+056), cosmic rays, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, neutrinos, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, BL Lacertae objects: individual (TXS 0506+056), messenger, electromagnetic, Compton scattering: inverse, p: energy, jet [galaxies], gamma ray, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], absorption
Abstract: A neutrino with energy of $\sim$290 TeV, IceCube-170922A, was detected in coincidence with the BL Lac object TXS~0506+056 during enhanced gamma-ray activity, with chance coincidence being rejected at $\sim 3\sigma$ level. We monitored the object in the very-high-energy (VHE) band with the MAGIC telescopes for $\sim$41 hours from 1.3 to 40.4 days after the neutrino detection. Day-timescale variability is clearly resolved. We interpret the quasi-simultaneous neutrino and broadband electromagnetic observations with a novel one-zone lepto-hadronic model, based on interactions of electrons and protons co-accelerated in the jet with external photons originating from a slow-moving plasma sheath surrounding the faster jet spine. We can reproduce the multiwavelength spectra of TXS 0506+056 with neutrino rate and energy compatible with IceCube-170922A, and with plausible values for the jet power of $\sim 10^{45} - 4 \times 10^{46} {\rm erg \ s^{-1}}$. The steep spectrum observed by MAGIC is concordant with internal $\gamma\gamma$ absorption above a few tens of GeV entailed by photohadronic production of a $\sim$290 TeV neutrino, corroborating a genuine connection between the multi-messenger signals. In contrast to previous predictions of predominantly hadronic emission from neutrino sources, the gamma-rays can be mostly ascribed to inverse Compton up-scattering of external photons by accelerated electrons. The X-ray and VHE bands provide crucial constraints on the emission from both accelerated electrons and protons. We infer that the maximum energy of protons in the jet co-moving frame can be in the range $\sim 10^{14}$ to $10^{18}$ eV., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figues, 3 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJL. Major changes in the revised Version: corrected author list
Published: 2018

47. Multi-wavelength characterization of the blazar S5 0716+714 during an unprecedented outburst phase

Author: Mark Gurwell, Max Ludwig Ahnen, Elina Lindfors, D. Gasparrini, Antonio Stamerra, Daniel Mazin, J. Becerra González, Alessandro Carosi, B. De Lotto, Francesco Longo, A. Berti, Ievgen Vovk, G. A. Borman, Rodrigo Reeves, Abelardo Moralejo, M. Peresano, N. Torres-Albà, P. Giammaria, Helen Jermak, V. Fallah Ramazani, Juan Abel Barrio, G. Pedaletti, Adrian Biland, G. Bonnoli, M. Minev, I. Reichardt, T. Schweizer, D. Bastieri, I. Snidaric, Takashi Saito, I. Agudo, Stefano Gallozzi, Jose Miguel Miranda, Satoshi Masuda, R. J. García López, Alexander Hahn, Stefano Covino, Dario Hrupec, J. Kushida, J. Rico, J. Anton Zensus, Arka Chatterjee, Alan P. Marscher, Mosè Mariotti, M. A. Lopez, Dominik Baack, Yu. V. Troitskaya, Mitsunari Takahashi, A. C. S. Readhead, J. E. Ward, K. Mielke, D. Galindo, Aaron Dominguez, Jose Luis Contreras, Svetlana G. Jorstad, J. R. Garcia, D. Fidalgo, Massimo Persic, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, L. Maraschi, D. Kuveždić, K. Nishijima, D. Dominis Prester, J. M. Paredes, Sidika Merve Colak, E. N. Kopatskaya, D. J. Thompson, Juan Cortina, P. G. Prada Moroni, Giovanni Ceribella, Julian Sitarek, Stefano Ansoldi, Oscar Blanch, T. S. Grishina, Emmanouil Angelakis, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, C. Fruck, Tomislav Terzić, Riccardo Paoletti, Chiara Righi, B. Lott, Jordi Delgado, A. Niedzwiecki, G. M. Madejski, D. Hadasch, F. Di Pierro, Saverio Lombardi, A. De Angelis, M. Strzys, Talvikki Hovatta, M. Vazquez Acosta, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, L. V. Larionova, Ivan S. Troitsky, David Paneque, Yusuke Konno, L. Nogués, P. Temnikov, Andrea Rugliancich, Tarek M. Hassan, Krzysztof Nalewajko, W. Bednarek, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Sergey S. Savchenko, Victoria Moreno, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, Ryosuke Itoh, P. Da Vela, Alexander Kraus, E. Moretti, Louis Antonelli, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, Bindu Rani, T. J. Pearson, Valeri M. Larionov, T. Nagayoshi, G. Maneva, D. Guberman, Manuel Delfino, Camilla Maggio, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, Gaia Vanzo, M. Gaug, S. Paiano, T. Surić, J. Herrera, Marina Manganaro, Shimpei Tsujimoto, Koji Noda, Ana Babić, Elisa Bernardini, Emilia Järvelä, Carolina Casadio, Anne Lähteenmäki, Masahiro Teshima, Karl Mannheim, Kari Nilsson, M. Will, Nikola Godinovic, Ioannis Myserlis, Merja Tornikoski, E. Colombo, Markus Garczarczyk, N. P. M. Kuin, L. O. Takalo, P. Cumani, Kazuma Ishio, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Cosimo Nigro, M. Nievas Rosillo, Rodolfo Carosi, J. Palacio, V. Ramakrishnan, M. I. Martínez, P. Bangale, Sabrina Einecke, M. Makariev, E. Prandini, Iain A. Steele, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, Damir Lelas, A. A. Vasilyev, Dorota Sobczyńska, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, Sol N. Molina, D. A. Morozova, D. Ninci, A. Y. Lien, J. Hose, D. Elsaesser, Walter Max-Moerbeck, R. Ch. Berse, M. Hayashida, D. Zarić, Wolfgang Rhode, Marc Ribó, Hidetoshi Kubo, B. Banerjee, C. Arcaro, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MAGIC, MWL, Fermi-LAT, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Ch Berse, R., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Gallozzi, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Treves, A., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Bastieri, D., Gasparrini, D., Lott, B., Rani, B., Thompson, D. J., Agudo, I., Angelakis, E., Borman, G. A., Casadio, C., Grishina, T. S., Gurwell, M., Hovatta, T., Itoh, R., Järvelä, E., Jermak, H., Jorstad, S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kraus, A., Krichbaum, T. P., Kuin, N. P. M., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, L. V., Lien, A. Y., Madejski, G., Marscher, A., Myserlis, I., Max-Moerbeck, W., Molina, S. N., Morozova, D. A., Nalewajko, K., Pearson, T. J., Ramakrishnan, V., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R. A., Savchenko, S. S., Steele, I. A., Tornikoski, M., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitsky, I., Vasilyev, A. A., Anton Zensus, J., Japanese Government, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Swiss National Science Foundation, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Croatian Science Foundation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (Brasil), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Academy of Finland, Smithsonian Institution, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), Russian Science Foundation, Junta de Andalucía, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: BL Lacertae objects: individual: S5 0716+714, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, galaxies [Gamma rays], active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxies: active, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, jet [Galaxies], Radio spectrum, 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Superluminal motion, galaxie [Gamma rays], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Light curve, Redshift, ddc:520, jets [Galaxies], Física nuclear, individual: S5 0716+714 [BL Lacertae objects], gamma-rays: galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], BL Lac object, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Context. The BL Lac object S5 0716+714, a highly variable blazar, underwent an impressive outburst in January 2015 (Phase A), followed by minor activity in February (Phase B). The MAGIC observations were triggered by the optical flux observed in Phase A, corresponding to the brightest ever reported state of the source in the R-band. Aims.The comprehensive dataset collected is investigated in order to shed light on the mechanism of the broadband emission. Methods. Multi-wavelength light curves have been studied together with the broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The sample includes data from Effelsberg, OVRO, Metsähovi, VLBI, CARMA, IRAM, SMA, Swift-UVOT, KVA, Tuorla, Steward, RINGO3, KANATA, AZT-8+ST7, Perkins, LX-200, Swift-XRT, NuSTAR, Fermi-LAT and MAGIC. Results. The flaring state of Phase A was detected in all the energy bands, providing for the first time a multi-wavelength sample of simultaneous data from the radio band to the very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV). In the constructed SED, the Swift-XRT+NuSTAR data constrain the transition between the synchrotron and inverse Compton components very accurately, while the second peak is constrained from 0.1 GeV to 600 GeV by Fermi+MAGIC data. The broadband SED cannot be described with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model as it severely underestimates the optical flux in order to reproduce the X-ray to -ray data. Instead we use a two-zone model. The electric vector position angle (EVPA) shows an unprecedented fast rotation. An estimation of the redshift of the source by combined high-energy (HE, 0.1 GeV < E < 100 GeV) and VHE data provides a value of z = 0:31 ± 0:02 ± 0:05, confirming the literature value. Conclusions. The data show the VHE emission originating in the entrance and exit of a superluminal knot in and out of a recollimation shock in the inner jet. A shock-shock interaction in the jet seems responsible for the observed flares and EVPA swing. This scenario is also consistent with the SED modeling. © ESO 2018., We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2015-69818-P, FPA2012-36668, FPA2015-68378-P, FPA2015-69210-C6-2-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-4-R, FPA2015-69210-C6-6-R, AYA2015-71042-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, ESP2015-71662-C2-2-P, CSD2009-00064), and the Japanese JSPS and MEXT is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" SEV-2012-0234 and SEV-2015-0548, and Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu" MDM-2014-0369, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq and FAPERJ. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA. We thank the Swift team duty scientists and science planners., The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland to our observing projects (numbers 212656, 210338, 121148, and others). The VLBA is an instrument of the Long Baseline Observatory. The Long Baseline Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated by Associated Universities, Inc. The Sub-millimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. The OVRO 40-m monitoring program is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G and NNX14AQ89G, and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. The St. Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian Science Foundation grant 17-12-01029. The BU group acknowledges support by NASA under Fermi Guest Investigator grant NNX14AQ58G and by NSF under grant AST-1615796. Part of this work was done with funding by the UK Space Agency. The VLBA is an instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The PRISM (Perkins Re-Imaging SysteM) camera at Lowell Observatory was developed by K. Janes et al. at BU and Lowell Observatory, with funding from the NSF, BU, and Lowell Observatory. This paper makes use of data obtained with the 100m Effelsberg radio-telescope, which is operated by the Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomy (MPIfR) in Bonn (Germany). Part of this work is based on archival data, software or online services provided by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC). PYRAF is a product of the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA for NASA. This paper is partly based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30 m. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). IA acknowledges support by a Ramon y Cajal grant of the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain. The research at the IAA-CSIC was supported in part by the MINECO through grants AYA2016-80889-P, AYA2013-40825-P, and AYA2010-14844, and by the regional government of Andalucia through grant P09-FQM-4784. The Liverpool Telescope is operated by JMU with financial support from the UK-STFC.
Published: 2018

48. Limits on the flux of tau neutrinos from 1 PeV to 3 EeV with the MAGIC telescopes

Author: Christian Fruck, L. Nogués, E. Moretti, Francesco Longo, Alba Fernández-Barral, Kazuma Ishio, Satoshi Masuda, Arka Chatterjee, D. Fidalgo, Yusuke Konno, M. Garczarczyk, L. Maraschi, Elina Lindfors, Ievgen Vovk, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, J. R. Garcia, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, M. I. Martínez, Rodolfo Carosi, Mosè Mariotti, Louis Antonelli, T. Schweizer, K. Mielke, Alessandro Carosi, B. De Lotto, Aaron Dominguez, Cosimo Nigro, M. Nievas Rosillo, T. Nagayoshi, Martin Makariev, N. Torres-Albà, M. Minev, Sabrina Einecke, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Nikola Godinovic, J. E. Ward, J. Becerra González, Stefano Ansoldi, Riccardo Paoletti, Jose Miguel Miranda, Saverio Lombardi, Andrea Rugliancich, Abelardo Moralejo, Sidika Merve Colak, Stefano Covino, Tomislav Terzić, Oscar Blanch, P. G. Prada Moroni, G. Pedaletti, E. Colombo, Marcel Strzys, Masahiro Teshima, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, J. Palacio, Julian Sitarek, J. Hose, K. Nishijima, Daniela Hadasch, R. Mirzoyan, Adrian Biland, Martin Will, J. M. Paredes, U. Barres de Almeida, I. Reichardt, L. O. Takalo, Antonio Stamerra, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, D. Elsaesser, R. Ch. Berse, Damir Lelas, M. Peresano, Marina Manganaro, D. Galindo, Shimpei Tsujimoto, Dominik Baack, Tihomir Surić, J. Rico, Dorota Sobczyńska, Wolfgang Rhode, S. Paiano, Chiara Righi, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Karl Mannheim, P. Temnikov, Dario Hrupec, Francesco Dazzi, M. Vazquez Acosta, Juan Abel Barrio, M. A. Lopez, Mitsunari Takahashi, Victoria Moreno, A. Niedzwiecki, R. J. García López, David Paneque, B. Banerjee, C. Arcaro, D. Guberman, E. Prandini, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, Massimo Persic, D. Kuveždić, Jordi Delgado, G. Bonnoli, F. Di Pierro, Manuel Delfino, Camilla Maggio, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, Gaia Vanzo, M. Gaug, J. Herrera, G. Maneva, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, P. Da Vela, Ana Babić, Kari Nilsson, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, Max Ludwig Ahnen, P. Giammaria, I. Snidaric, M. Hayashida, D. Zarić, Marc Ribó, P. Bangale, Hidetoshi Kubo, D. Ninci, Alexander Hahn, D. Dominis Prester, V. Fallah Ramazani, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. Ch., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Vela, P. Da, Dazzi, F., Angelis, A. De, Lotto, B. De, Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Pierro, F. Di, Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández-Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Góra, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Ishio, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Nagayoshi, T., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Treves, A., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., and Zarić, D.
Subjects: Point source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Tau neutrinos, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Cherenkov telescopes, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Tau neutrino, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Gamma-ray astronomy, tau neutrinos, Spectral index, ta115, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Horizon, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cherenkov telescope, ddc:540, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Lepton, Flare
Abstract: Astroparticle physics 102, 77 - 88 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.05.002, A search for tau neutrino induced showers with the MAGIC telescopes is presented. The MAGIC telescopes located at an altitude of 2200 m a.s.l. in the Canary Island of La Palma, can point towards the horizon or a few degrees below across an azimuthal range of about 80°. This provides a possibility to search for air showers induced by tau leptons arising from interactions of tau neutrinos in the Earth crust or the surrounding ocean. In this paper we show how such air showers can be discriminated from the background of very inclined hadronic showers by using Monte Carlo simulations. Taking into account the orography of the site, the point source acceptance and the event rates expected have been calculated for a sample of generic neutrino fluxes from photo-hadronic interactions in AGNs. The analysis of about 30 h of data taken towards the sea leads to a 90% C.L. point source limit for tau neutrinos in the energy range from 1.0 × 10$^{15}$ eV to 3.0 × 10$^{18}$ eV of about $E^{2}_{\nu_{\tau}} \times \phi (E_{\nu_{\tau}}) < 2.0 \times 10^{-4}$ GeV cm$^{-2} s^{-1}$ for an assumed power-law neutrino spectrum with spectral index $\gamma =−2$. However, with 300 h and in case of an optimistic neutrino flare model, limits of the level down to $E^{2}_{\nu_{\tau}} \times \phi (E_{\nu_{\tau}}) < 8.4 \times 10^{-6}$ GeV cm$^{-2} s^{-1}$ can be expected., Published by Elsevier Science, Amsterdam [u.a.]
Published: 2018

49. The broad-band properties of the intermediate synchrotron peaked BL Lac S2 0109+22 from radio to VHE gamma rays

Author: F. Wierda, M. Peresano, Cosimo Nigro, Alexander Hahn, M. Nievas Rosillo, R. Reinthal, M. Hayashida, M. Minev, N. Mankuzhiyil, Julian Sitarek, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, Nikola Godinovic, Damir Lelas, J. M. Paredes, Tomislav Terzić, Marc Ribó, Kazuma Ishio, Antonio Stamerra, Ievgen Vovk, Dorota Sobczyńska, M. Delfino, Wrijupan Bhattacharyya, Juan Abel Barrio, P. Bangale, Francesco Longo, D. Dominis Prester, Hidetoshi Kubo, B. De Lotto, J. E. Ward, Rodolfo Carosi, Camilla Maggio, Jenni Jormanainen, S. Paiano, M. Lopez, Karl Mannheim, P. G. Prada Moroni, Marcel Strzys, Ivica Puljak, John Hoang, Stefano Ciprini, Pierre Colin, Daniela Dorner, Gaia Vanzo, Dominik Baack, R. Desiante, Jordi Delgado, T. Schweizer, Fallah Ramazani, F. Di Pierro, M. Gaug, G. Ferrara, Anthony C. S. Readhead, D. Elsaesser, J. Becerra González, J. Herrera, G. Bonnoli, M. Vazquez Acosta, Talvikki Hovatta, Neustroev, L. Nogués, R. J. García López, Martin Makariev, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, L. Maraschi, A. Niedzwiecki, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, Elina Lindfors, K. Pfrang, Oscar Blanch, E. Moretti, Dario Hrupec, P. Da Vela, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Darko Zarić, Aaron Dominguez, Daniel Mazin, A. Berti, Ciro Bigongiari, J. Palacio, Massimo Persic, F. Leone, Anne Lähteenmäki, Stefano Ansoldi, S Barcewicz, M. Garczarczyk, David Paneque, Masahiro Teshima, Martin Will, Riccardo Paoletti, Stefano Covino, Walter Max-Moerbeck, R. Ch. Berse, Sidika Merve Colak, Yuki Iwamura, Kyoshi Nishijima, D. Ninci, Abelardo Moralejo, J. R. Garcia, Susumu Inoue, D. Guberman, E. Prandini, Louis Antonelli, R. J. C. Vera, Alessandra Lamastra, M. I. Martínez, Tomoki Saito, Giovanni Ceribella, Marina Manganaro, Merja Tornikoski, Joni Tammi, Sabrina Einecke, P. Cumani, Chiara Righi, Konstancja Satalecka, Wolfgang Rhode, Michele Doro, P. Temnikov, K. Mielke, Iva Šnidarić, Sebastian Kiehlmann, B. Banerjee, Alicia Fattorini, C. Arcaro, Pablo Peñil, Shimpei Tsujimoto, Jürgen Besenrieder, Adrian Biland, Moreno, Tihomir Surić, J. Rico, Satoshi Masuda, Arka Chatterjee, P. Giammaria, D. Fidalgo, N. Torres-Albà, Tarek M. Hassan, G. Pedaletti, Yusuke Konno, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, A. De Angelis, Stefano Gallozzi, Jose Miguel Miranda, G. Maneva, Ana Babić, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, Kari Nilsson, E. Colombo, Lab Saha, Luca Foffano, L. O. Takalo, D. Hadasch, Mosè Mariotti, Saverio Lombardi, Andrea Rugliancich, D’Elia, Christian Fruck, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., de Almeida, U. Barre, Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. Ch., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Gallozzi, S., García Łópez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Łópez, M., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Mielke, K., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pfrang, K., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Ciprini, S., Desiante, R., Barcewicz, S., Hovatta, T., Jormanainen, J., Takalo, L., Reinthal, R., Mankuzhiyil, N., Wierda, F., Lähteenmäki, A., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Vera, R. J. C., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Ciprini , S., and Desiante , R.
Subjects: galaxie [Gamma-rays], active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, jet [Galaxies], Luminosity, 0103 physical sciences, BL Lacertae objects: individual: S2 0109+22, Galaxies: active, Galaxies: jets, Gamma-rays: galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, MAGIC (telescope), Blazar, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, education.field_of_study, ta115, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, gamma-rays: galaxies, Optical polarization, individual: S2 0109+22 [BL Lacertae objects], Astronomy and Astrophysic, Redshift, 13. Climate action, ddc:520, Spectral energy distribution, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object
Abstract: The MAGIC telescopes observed S2 0109+22 in 2015 July during its flaring activity in high energy gamma rays observed by Fermi-LAT. We analyse the MAGIC data to characterise the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission of S2 0109+22, which belongs to the subclass of intermediate synchrotron peak (ISP) BL Lac objects. We study the multi-frequency emission in order to investigate the source classification. Finally, we compare the source long-term behaviour to other VHE gamma-ray emitting (TeV) blazars. We performed a temporal and spectral analysis of the data centred around the MAGIC interval of observation (MJD 57225-57231). Long-term radio and optical data have also been investigated using the discrete correlation function. The redshift of the source is estimated through optical host-galaxy imaging and also using the amount of VHE gamma-ray absorption. The quasi-simultaneous multi-frequency spectral energy distribution (SED) is modelled with the conventional one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. MAGIC observations resulted in the detection of the source at a significance level of $5.3\,\sigma$. The VHE gamma-ray emission of S2 0109+22 is variable on a daily time scale. VHE gamma-ray luminosity of the source is lower than the average of TeV BL Lacs. The optical polarization, and long-term optical/radio behaviour of the source are different from the general population of TeV blazars. All these findings agree with the classification of the source as an ISP BL Lac object. We estimate the source redshift as $z = 0.36 \pm 0.07$. The SSC parameters describing the SED are rather typical for blazars., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, Corresponding authors: Fallah Ramazani, V. (vafara@utu.fi), Hovatta, T. (talvikki.hovatta@utu.fi), Lindfors, E. (elilin@utu.fi) and Nilsson, K. (kani@utu.fi)
Published: 2018
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50. Constraining very-high-energy and optical emission from FRB 121102 with the MAGIC telescopes

Author: D. Elsaesser, Satoshi Masuda, Alessandra Lamastra, A. Hahn, Stefano Covino, K. Nishijima, Francesco Longo, Kazumi Kashiyama, Arka Chatterjee, Marc Ribó, Pierre Colin, D. Hadasch, J. Becerra González, Oscar Blanch, Julian Sitarek, P. Bangale, Abelardo Moralejo, Hidetoshi Kubo, W. Bhattacharyya, W. Rhode, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, J. Rico, P. Giammaria, Laura Spitler, F. Leone, M. Minev, L. Maraschi, E. Colombo, Juan Cortina, I. Puljak, Masahiro Teshima, G. Ferrara, Jordi Delgado, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. López, G. Bonnoli, J. Palacio, T. Schweizer, E. Molina, Victoria Moreno, Chiara Righi, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, M. Delfino, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, Jason W. T. Hessels, N. Torres-Albà, B. Banerjee, C. Arcaro, J. R. Garcia, Darko Zarić, P. Da Vela, Iva Šnidarić, D. Baack, D. Ninci, Jürgen Besenrieder, Alicia Fattorini, D. Dominis Prester, F. Di Pierro, M. Peresano, M. Makariev, A. Arbet Engels, Vitaly Neustroev, Lab Saha, Luca Foffano, Pablo Peñil, R. J. García López, Stefano Gallozzi, Jose Miguel Miranda, A. Somero, V. D'Elia, Aaron Dominguez, A. Niedzwiecki, J. E. Ward, C. Fruck, Ciro Bigongiari, Kari Nilsson, P. Majumdar, C. Nigro, G. Ceribella, Elina Lindfors, Juan Abel Barrio, L. Nogués, D. Dorner, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. Mariotti, S. M. Colak, M. Garczarczyk, D. Guberman, Kohta Murase, A. Rugliancich, Marina Manganaro, V. Fallah Ramazani, C. Maggio, G. Maneva, Daniel Mazin, Tomislav Terzić, Dario Hrupec, R. Paoletti, A. Berti, M. Will, A. López-Oramas, D. Paneque, N. Godinović, B. De Lotto, K. Mannheim, Tarek M. Hassan, W. Bednarek, Andrew Seymour, G. Pedaletti, Shimpei Tsujimoto, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Fabrizio Tavecchio, M. I. Martínez, Massimo Persic, V. A. Acciari, Ll. Font, Razmik Mirzoyan, P G Prada Moroni, Adrian Biland, Louis Antonelli, D. Lelas, G. Vanzo, E. Moretti, Ana Babić, Sabrina Einecke, A. De Angelis, Tihomir Surić, S. Paiano, K. Ishio, Dorota Sobczyńska, Benito Marcote, Stefano Ansoldi, D. Fidalgo, Markus Gaug, M. V. Fonseca, Saverio Lombardi, John Hoang, Takashi Saito, U. Barres de Almeida, Elisa Prandini, Rodolfo Carosi, Susumu Inoue, Daniele Michilli, Y. Iwamura, M. Strzys, D. Kuveždić, I. Vovk, Valentí Bosch-Ramon, Jose Carlos Herrera, Petar Temnikov, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., de Almeida, U. Barre, Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Chatterjee, A., Colak, S. M., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Fernández-Barral, A., Ferrara, G., Fidalgo, D., Foffano, L., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Gallozzi, S., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Kuveždić, D., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López, M., López-Oramas, A., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Masuda, S., Mazin, D., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Rosillo, M. Nieva, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pedaletti, G., Peñil, P., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Somero, A., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Surić, T., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Torres-Albà, N., Tsujimoto, S., Vanzo, G., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Zarić, D., Marcote, B., Spitler, L. G., Hessels, J. W. T., Kashiyama, K., Murase, K., Bosch-Ramon, V., Michilli, D., Seymour, A., Universitat de Barcelona, and ITA
Subjects: High energy, Photon, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Radiació, Raigs gamma, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, methods: data analysis, methods: observational, gamma-rays: general, Methods: observational, Methods: data analysis, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma ray astronomy, Astronomia de raigs gamma, observational [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Millisecond, general [Gamma-rays], ta115, Radiation, non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Galaxy, Redshift, data analysi [Methods], Wavelength, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-rays: general, ddc:520, Física nuclear, Optical emission spectroscopy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright flashes observed typically at GHz frequencies with millisecond duration, whose origin is likely extragalactic. Their nature remains mysterious, motivating searches for counterparts at other wavelengths. FRB 121102 is so far the only source known to repeatedly emit FRBs and is associated with a host galaxy at redshift $z \simeq 0.193$. We conducted simultaneous observations of FRB 121102 with the Arecibo and MAGIC telescopes during several epochs in 2016--2017. This allowed searches for millisecond-timescale burst emission in very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays as well as the optical band. While a total of five FRBs were detected during these observations, no VHE emission was detected, neither of a persistent nature nor burst-like associated with the FRBs. The average integral flux upper limits above 100 GeV at 95% confidence level are $6.6 \times 10^{-12}~\mathrm{photons\ cm^{-2}\ s^{-1}}$ (corresponding to luminosity $L_{\rm VHE} \lesssim 10^{45}~\mathrm{erg\ s^{-1}}$) over the entire observation period, and $1.2 \times 10^{-7}~ \mathrm{photons\ cm^{-2}\ s^{-1}}$ ($L_{\rm VHE} \lesssim 10^{49}~\mathrm{erg\ s^{-1}}$) over the total duration of the five FRBs. We constrain the optical U-band flux to be below 8.6 mJy at 5-$\sigma$ level for 1-ms intervals around the FRB arrival times. A bright burst with U-band flux $29~\mathrm{mJy}$ and duration $\sim 12$ ms was detected 4.3 s before the arrival of one FRB. However, the probability of spuriously detecting such a signal within the sampled time space is 1.5% (2.2 $\sigma$, post-trial), i.e. consistent with the expected background. We discuss the implications of the obtained upper limits for constraining FRB models., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS the 2nd September 2018
Published: 2018

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